enhancement(clickhouse sink): add support for Arrow complex types

[benjamin-awd]

Summary

This PR adds support for complex types (arrays, maps and tuples) to Clickhouse. Support for the corresponding Arrow types (lists, maps, structs) has been added to facilitate this.

Refactoring of the existing code was required due to the complex, recursive nature of these changes -- specifically edge cases like nested maps not being supported by Arrow's make_builder().

Vector configuration

sinks:
  clickhouse:
    type: clickhouse
    inputs: [...]
    endpoint: ...
    database: ...
    table: ...
    format: arrow_stream
    batch_encoding:
      codec: arrow_stream
      allow_nullable_fields: true

How did you test this PR?

Unit tests, ran locally against several tables with complex column types

Change Type

• Bug fix
• New feature
• Non-functional (chore, refactoring, docs)
• Performance

Is this a breaking change?

• Yes
• No

Does this PR include user facing changes?

• Yes. Please add a changelog fragment based on our guidelines.
• No. A maintainer will apply the no-changelog label to this PR.

References

• Related: enhancement(clickhouse sink): Add ArrowStream format #24373, Add ArrowStream format to Clickhouse sink #24074

Notes

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[evazorro]

Looks good from a Docs perspective! (We review .cue files.) Thanks for contributing.