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Move fw surface loads to class #4095

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fc59b1f
Fix variable name typo for plasma surface neutron flux in physics_var…
chris-ashe Feb 12, 2026
5de3bbc
Refactor first wall power flux calculations into FirstWall class and …
chris-ashe Feb 12, 2026
8711d26
Move alpha particle power transport calculation to FirstWall class
chris-ashe Feb 12, 2026
e53191c
Add output method for first wall surface loads and integrate into out…
chris-ashe Feb 21, 2026
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6 changes: 3 additions & 3 deletions process/data_structure/physics_variables.py
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -1283,7 +1283,7 @@
pflux_fw_neutron_mw: float = None
"""average neutron wall load (MW/m2)"""

plfux_plasma_surface_neutron_avg_mw: float = None
pflux_plasma_surface_neutron_avg_mw: float = None
"""Average neutron flux at plasma surface (MW/m2)"""


Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1651,7 +1651,7 @@ def init_physics_variables():
vs_plasma_res_ramp, \
vs_plasma_total_required, \
pflux_fw_neutron_mw, \
plfux_plasma_surface_neutron_avg_mw, \
pflux_plasma_surface_neutron_avg_mw, \
wtgpd, \
a_plasma_poloidal, \
n_charge_plasma_effective_vol_avg, \
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1921,7 +1921,7 @@ def init_physics_variables():
vs_plasma_res_ramp = 0.0
vs_plasma_total_required = 0.0
pflux_fw_neutron_mw = 0.0
plfux_plasma_surface_neutron_avg_mw = 0.0
pflux_plasma_surface_neutron_avg_mw = 0.0
wtgpd = 0.0
a_plasma_poloidal = 0.0
n_charge_plasma_effective_vol_avg = 0.0
Expand Down
2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion process/io/plot_proc.py
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -2901,7 +2901,7 @@ def plot_main_plasma_information(

textstr_neutron = (
f"$P_{{\\text{{n,total}}}}$ {mfile.get('p_neutron_total_mw', scan=scan):.2f} MW \n"
f"$\\phi_{{\\text{{n,avg}}}}$ {mfile.get('plfux_plasma_surface_neutron_avg_mw', scan=scan):.3f} MW/m²"
f"$\\phi_{{\\text{{n,avg}}}}$ {mfile.get('pflux_plasma_surface_neutron_avg_mw', scan=scan):.3f} MW/m²"
)

axis.text(
Expand Down
84 changes: 84 additions & 0 deletions process/models/fw.py
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
from process.data_structure import (
blanket_library,
build_variables,
constraint_variables,
divertor_variables,
first_wall_variables,
fwbs_variables,
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -97,6 +98,42 @@ def run(self):
fwbs_variables.radius_fw_channel_180_bend,
) = self.blanket_library.calculate_pipe_bend_radius(i_ps=1)

# ==============================

# First wall power fluxes

# ==============================

if physics_variables.i_pflux_fw_neutron == 1:
physics_variables.pflux_fw_neutron_mw = (
physics_variables.ffwal
* physics_variables.pflux_plasma_surface_neutron_avg_mw
)
else:
physics_variables.pflux_fw_neutron_mw = (
physics_variables.p_neutron_total_mw / first_wall_variables.a_fw_total
)

if physics_variables.i_pflux_fw_neutron == 1:
physics_variables.pflux_fw_rad_mw = (
physics_variables.ffwal
* physics_variables.p_plasma_rad_mw
/ physics_variables.a_plasma_surface
)
else:
physics_variables.pflux_fw_rad_mw = (
physics_variables.p_plasma_rad_mw / build_variables.a_fw_total
)

constraint_variables.pflux_fw_rad_max_mw = (
physics_variables.pflux_fw_rad_mw * constraint_variables.f_fw_rad_max
)

# Power transported to the first wall by escaped alpha particles
physics_variables.p_fw_alpha_mw = physics_variables.p_alpha_total_mw * (
1.0e0 - physics_variables.f_p_alpha_plasma_deposited
)

@staticmethod
def calculate_first_wall_half_height(
z_plasma_xpoint_lower: float,
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -902,3 +939,50 @@ def output_fw_pumping(self):
fwbs_variables.temp_fw_peak,
"OP ",
)

def output_fw_surface_loads(self):
"""Outputs the first wall surface load details to the output file."""
po.oheadr(self.outfile, "First wall surface loads")

po.ovarre(
self.outfile,
"Nominal mean radiation load on vessel first-wall (MW/m^2)",
"(pflux_fw_rad_mw)",
physics_variables.pflux_fw_rad_mw,
"OP ",
)
po.ovarre(
self.outfile,
"Peaking factor for radiation first-wall load",
"(f_fw_rad_max)",
constraint_variables.f_fw_rad_max,
"IP ",
)
po.ovarre(
self.outfile,
"Maximum permitted radiation first-wall load (MW/m^2)",
"(pflux_fw_rad_max)",
constraint_variables.pflux_fw_rad_max,
"IP ",
)
po.ovarre(
self.outfile,
"Peak radiation wall load (MW/m^2)",
"(pflux_fw_rad_max_mw)",
constraint_variables.pflux_fw_rad_max_mw,
"OP ",
)
po.ovarre(
self.outfile,
"Fast alpha particle power incident on the first-wall (MW)",
"(p_fw_alpha_mw)",
physics_variables.p_fw_alpha_mw,
"OP ",
)
po.ovarre(
self.outfile,
"Nominal mean neutron load on vessel first-wall (MW/m^2)",
"(pflux_fw_neutron_mw)",
physics_variables.pflux_fw_neutron_mw,
"OP ",
)
142 changes: 4 additions & 138 deletions process/models/physics/physics.py
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -16,11 +16,9 @@
from process import constants
from process import process_output as po
from process.data_structure import (
build_variables,
constraint_variables,
current_drive_variables,
divertor_variables,
fwbs_variables,
impurity_radiation_module,
numerics,
physics_variables,
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -2279,38 +2277,6 @@ def physics(self):
i_beta_fast_alpha=physics_variables.i_beta_fast_alpha,
)

# Nominal mean neutron wall load on entire first wall area including divertor and beam holes
# Note that 'a_fw_total' excludes these, so they have been added back in.
if physics_variables.i_pflux_fw_neutron == 1:
physics_variables.pflux_fw_neutron_mw = (
physics_variables.ffwal
* physics_variables.p_neutron_total_mw
/ physics_variables.a_plasma_surface
)
else:
if divertor_variables.n_divertors == 2:
# Double null configuration
physics_variables.pflux_fw_neutron_mw = (
(
1.0e0
- fwbs_variables.f_a_fw_outboard_hcd
- 2.0e0 * fwbs_variables.f_ster_div_single
)
* physics_variables.p_neutron_total_mw
/ build_variables.a_fw_total
)
else:
# Single null Configuration
physics_variables.pflux_fw_neutron_mw = (
(
1.0e0
- fwbs_variables.f_a_fw_outboard_hcd
- fwbs_variables.f_ster_div_single
)
* physics_variables.p_neutron_total_mw
/ build_variables.a_fw_total
)

# Calculate ion/electron equilibration power

physics_variables.pden_ion_electron_equilibration_mw = rether(
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -2411,7 +2377,7 @@ def physics(self):
- physics_variables.p_plasma_rad_mw
)

physics_variables.plfux_plasma_surface_neutron_avg_mw = (
physics_variables.pflux_plasma_surface_neutron_avg_mw = (
physics_variables.p_neutron_total_mw / physics_variables.a_plasma_surface
)

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -2446,11 +2412,6 @@ def physics(self):
physics_variables.kappa95,
)

# Power transported to the first wall by escaped alpha particles
physics_variables.p_fw_alpha_mw = physics_variables.p_alpha_total_mw * (
1.0e0 - physics_variables.f_p_alpha_plasma_deposited
)

# Density limit
(
physics_variables.nd_plasma_electron_max_array,
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -2578,59 +2539,6 @@ def physics(self):

# ============================================================

# MDK
# Nominal mean photon wall load on entire first wall area including divertor and beam holes
# Note that 'a_fw_total' excludes these, so they have been added back in.
if physics_variables.i_pflux_fw_neutron == 1:
physics_variables.pflux_fw_rad_mw = (
physics_variables.ffwal
* physics_variables.p_plasma_rad_mw
/ physics_variables.a_plasma_surface
)
else:
if divertor_variables.n_divertors == 2:
# Double Null configuration in - including SoL radiation
physics_variables.pflux_fw_rad_mw = (
(
1.0e0
- fwbs_variables.f_a_fw_outboard_hcd
- 2.0e0 * fwbs_variables.f_ster_div_single
)
* physics_variables.p_plasma_rad_mw
/ build_variables.a_fw_total
+ (
1.0e0
- fwbs_variables.f_a_fw_outboard_hcd
- 2.0e0 * fwbs_variables.f_ster_div_single
)
* physics_variables.rad_fraction_sol
* physics_variables.p_plasma_separatrix_mw
/ (build_variables.a_fw_total)
)
else:
# Single null configuration - including SoL radaition
physics_variables.pflux_fw_rad_mw = (
(
1.0e0
- fwbs_variables.f_a_fw_outboard_hcd
- fwbs_variables.f_ster_div_single
)
* physics_variables.p_plasma_rad_mw
/ build_variables.a_fw_total
+ (
1.0e0
- fwbs_variables.f_a_fw_outboard_hcd
- fwbs_variables.f_ster_div_single
)
* physics_variables.rad_fraction_sol
* physics_variables.p_plasma_separatrix_mw
/ build_variables.a_fw_total
)

constraint_variables.pflux_fw_rad_max_mw = (
physics_variables.pflux_fw_rad_mw * constraint_variables.f_fw_rad_max
)

# Calculate the target imbalances
# find the total power into the targets
physics_variables.ptarmw = physics_variables.p_plasma_separatrix_mw * (
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -5088,54 +4996,12 @@ def outplas(self):
physics_variables.f_p_plasma_separatrix_rad,
"OP ",
)
po.ovarre(
self.outfile,
"Nominal mean radiation load on vessel first-wall (MW/m^2)",
"(pflux_fw_rad_mw)",
physics_variables.pflux_fw_rad_mw,
"OP ",
)
po.ovarre(
self.outfile,
"Average neutron flux at plasma surface (MW/m^2)",
"(plfux_plasma_surface_neutron_avg_mw)",
physics_variables.plfux_plasma_surface_neutron_avg_mw,
"OP ",
)

po.ovarre(
self.outfile,
"Peaking factor for radiation first-wall load",
"(f_fw_rad_max)",
constraint_variables.f_fw_rad_max,
"IP ",
)
po.ovarre(
self.outfile,
"Maximum permitted radiation first-wall load (MW/m^2)",
"(pflux_fw_rad_max)",
constraint_variables.pflux_fw_rad_max,
"IP ",
)
po.ovarre(
self.outfile,
"Peak radiation wall load (MW/m^2)",
"(pflux_fw_rad_max_mw)",
constraint_variables.pflux_fw_rad_max_mw,
"OP ",
)
po.ovarre(
self.outfile,
"Fast alpha particle power incident on the first-wall (MW)",
"(p_fw_alpha_mw)",
physics_variables.p_fw_alpha_mw,
"OP ",
)
po.ovarre(
self.outfile,
"Nominal mean neutron load on vessel first-wall (MW/m^2)",
"(pflux_fw_neutron_mw)",
physics_variables.pflux_fw_neutron_mw,
"Average neutron flux at plasma surface (MW/m^2)",
"(pflux_plasma_surface_neutron_avg_mw)",
physics_variables.pflux_plasma_surface_neutron_avg_mw,
"OP ",
)

Expand Down
3 changes: 3 additions & 0 deletions process/output.py
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -118,6 +118,9 @@ def write(models, _outfile):
# First wall geometry
models.fw.output_fw_geometry()

# First wall surface loads
models.fw.output_fw_surface_loads()

# First wall pumping
models.fw.output_fw_pumping()

Expand Down
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