SQL: bytea support

[kbatuigas]

Description

This pull request adds documentation for the new BYTEA data type in Redpanda SQL, which allows storage and querying of arbitrary binary data. The changes include a new reference page for BYTEA, updates to the SQL data types summary table, and navigation updates to include the new documentation.

Documentation for BYTEA data type:

• Added a new reference page bytea.adoc describing the BYTEA data type, its syntax, usage examples, supported and unsupported operations, literal formats, and how it maps to binary fields from external sources such as Iceberg, Protobuf, Avro, and Kafka record metadata.

Documentation navigation and summary updates:

• Updated the SQL data types summary table in index.adoc to include BYTEA, describing its purpose and example literal formats.
• Added a navigation entry for the new bytea.adoc page in nav.adoc so it appears in the reference documentation menu.

Resolves https://github.com/redpanda-data/documentation-private/issues/
Review deadline:

Page previews

Checks

• New feature
• Content gap
• Support Follow-up
• Small fix (typos, links, copyedits, etc)

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