gh-149564: Propagate call-site hotness to callees via dynamic exits

Lib/test/test_capi/test_opt.py

@@ -6152,6 +6152,41 @@ def __exit__(self, e, v, t): ...
                 f1()
         """), PYTHON_JIT="1")
 
+    def test_dynamic_exit_boosts_resume(self):
+        # gh-149564: When a hot loop calls many distinct exec()-generated
+        # functions, _COLD_EXIT should boost the callee's RESUME counter
+        # so it gets traced sooner (propagate call-site hotness to callees).
+        script_helper.assert_python_ok("-s", "-c", textwrap.dedent(f"""
+            import _opcode
+
+            ns = {{}}
+            for i in range(20):
+                exec(f"def fn_{{i}}(x): return x + {{i}}", ns)
+
+            fns = [ns[f'fn_{{i}}'] for i in range(20)]
+
+            # Hot loop calling many exec'd functions triggers dynamic exits
+            for _ in range({TIER2_THRESHOLD + 100}):
+                for fn in fns:
+                    fn(42)
+
+            # At least some callees should have gotten their own executors
+            # thanks to the counter boost on dynamic exit
+            count = 0
+            for fn in fns:
+                code = fn.__code__
+                co_code = code.co_code
+                for i in range(0, len(co_code), 2):
+                    try:
+                        _opcode.get_executor(code, i)
+                        count += 1
+                        break
+                    except ValueError:
+                        pass
+
+            assert count > 0, f"Expected at least one callee to get an executor, got {{count}}"
+        """), PYTHON_JIT="1")
+
 def global_identity(x):
     return x
 

Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-05-08-00-00-00.gh-issue-149564.c37SnPN.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+The JIT now traces ``exec()``-generated functions called from hot loops by
+propagating call-site hotness to callees via dynamic exits.

Python/bytecodes.c

@@ -6190,9 +6190,9 @@ dummy_func(
         }
 
         tier2 op(_DYNAMIC_EXIT, (exit_p/4 --)) {
+            _Py_CODEUNIT *target = frame->instr_ptr;
     #if defined(Py_DEBUG) && !defined(_Py_JIT)
             _PyExitData *exit = (_PyExitData *)exit_p;
-            _Py_CODEUNIT *target = frame->instr_ptr;
             OPT_HIST(trace_uop_execution_counter, trace_run_length_hist);
             if (frame->lltrace >= 3) {
                 printf("DYNAMIC EXIT: [UOp ");
@@ -6203,9 +6203,13 @@ dummy_func(
                     _PyOpcode_OpName[target->op.code]);
             }
     #endif
-            // Disabled for now (gh-139109) as it slows down dynamic code tremendously.
-            // Compile and jump to the cold dynamic executors in the future.
-            GOTO_TIER_ONE(frame->instr_ptr);
+            // gh-149564: Propagate call-site hotness to callees.
+            // If we're landing on a callee's RESUME, boost its counter so it
+            // gets traced sooner (it was called from a hot trace).
+            if (target->op.code == RESUME_CHECK_JIT) {
+                target[1].counter = trigger_backoff_counter();
+            }
+            GOTO_TIER_ONE(target);
         }
 
         tier2 op(_CHECK_VALIDITY, (--)) {
@@ -6304,6 +6308,21 @@ dummy_func(
             }
             else {
                 SYNC_SP();
+                // gh-149564: Propagate call-site hotness to callees.
+                // If exiting to a CALL instruction, boost the callee's RESUME
+                // counter so it gets traced sooner (called from a hot trace).
+                if (_PyOpcode_Deopt[target->op.code] == CALL) {
+                    int call_oparg = target->op.arg;
+                    _PyStackRef callable_ref = stack_pointer[-(call_oparg + 2)];
+                    PyObject *callable = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable_ref);
+                    if (PyFunction_Check(callable)) {
+                        PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)((PyFunctionObject *)callable)->func_code;
+                        _Py_CODEUNIT *resume_instr = _PyCode_CODE(code);
+                        if (resume_instr->op.code == RESUME_CHECK_JIT) {
+                            resume_instr[1].counter = trigger_backoff_counter();
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
                 if (!backoff_counter_triggers(temperature)) {
                     exit->temperature = advance_backoff_counter(temperature);
                     GOTO_TIER_ONE(target);
@@ -6330,6 +6349,10 @@ dummy_func(
             SYNC_SP();
             // TODO (gh-139109): This should be similar to _COLD_EXIT in the future.
             _Py_CODEUNIT *target = frame->instr_ptr;
+            // gh-149564: Propagate call-site hotness to callees.
+            if (target->op.code == RESUME_CHECK_JIT) {
+                target[1].counter = trigger_backoff_counter();
+            }
             GOTO_TIER_ONE(target);
             Py_UNREACHABLE();
         }