Basic Sparse functionality in Numba

[ricardoV94]

We had support for boxing/unboxing Sparse objects in numba, but we couldn't do anything with them.

This PR implements the basic functionality:

1. CSMProperties (Op that retrieves the attributes from a CSM Matrix)
2. CSM (Op that rebuilds a Sparse variable from the attributes)
3. astype()
4. csr_matrix, csc_matrix sicpy constructor overloads
5. MULSD (as a POC)

TODO

• fix conflicts (from Reorganize the sparse module #1674)
• Reintroduce dtype/type on the numba Sparse Matrix

---

📚 Documentation preview 📚: https://pytensor--1676.org.readthedocs.build/en/1676/

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 83.20000% with 42 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 81.67%. Comparing base (8617558) to head (1de9697).
⚠️ Report is 30 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
pytensor/link/numba/dispatch/sparse/basic.py	82.38%	24 Missing and 7 partials ⚠️
pytensor/link/numba/dispatch/sparse/math.py	90.76%	3 Missing and 3 partials ⚠️
pytensor/link/numba/dispatch/basic.py	0.00%	3 Missing ⚠️
pytensor/tensor/type.py	33.33%	1 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

❌ Your patch check has failed because the patch coverage (83.20%) is below the target coverage (100.00%). You can increase the patch coverage or adjust the target coverage.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #1676      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   81.70%   81.67%   -0.04%     
==========================================
  Files         246      251       +5     
  Lines       53632    52549    -1083     
  Branches     9438     9271     -167     
==========================================
- Hits        43822    42919     -903     
+ Misses       7329     7258      -71     
+ Partials     2481     2372     -109     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
pytensor/link/numba/dispatch/compile_ops.py	92.64% <ø> (ø)
pytensor/link/numba/dispatch/sparse/__init__.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
pytensor/sparse/variable.py	76.79% <100.00%> (ø)
pytensor/tensor/type.py	94.20% <33.33%> (-0.41%)	⬇️
pytensor/link/numba/dispatch/basic.py	81.77% <0.00%> (-3.25%)	⬇️
pytensor/link/numba/dispatch/sparse/math.py	90.76% <90.76%> (ø)
pytensor/link/numba/dispatch/sparse/basic.py	82.38% <82.38%> (ø)

... and 4 files with indirect coverage changes

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