io: Fix checksum seek at end (#10341)

[ti-chi-bot]

This is an automated cherry-pick of #10341

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #10340

Problem Summary:

When there are multiple NULL rows of Strings-like column or vector-like column, TiFlash may save some "empty blocks" into the DMFile. And it happen to be the "empty blocks" are stored at the end of the DMFile.

When TiFlash try to read data from disk, DMFileReader::readFromDisk will first call FramedChecksumReadBuffer::doSeek and seek to the "empty block" at the file end. The working_buffer will be release because we read to the end of the file. When TiFlash try to seek to the next "empty block", pos move forward the released working_buffer, leading to reading random data and cause random failure.

tiflash/dbms/src/Storages/DeltaMerge/File/DMFileReader.cpp

Lines 542 to 555 in 76a4ec4

	type_on_disk->deserializeBinaryBulkWithMultipleStreams( //
	*mutable_col,
	[&](const IDataType::SubstreamPath & substream_path) {
	const auto substream_name = DMFile::getFileNameBase(cd.id, substream_path);
	auto & sub_stream = column_streams.at(substream_name);
	sub_stream->buf->seek(
	sub_stream->getOffsetInFile(start_pack_id),
	sub_stream->getOffsetInDecompressedBlock(start_pack_id));
	return sub_stream->buf.get();
	},
	read_rows,
	top_stream->avg_size_hint,
	true,
	{});

tiflash/dbms/src/IO/Checksum/ChecksumBuffer.h

Lines 436 to 440 in dce9588

	if (target_frame == current_frame)
	{
	pos = working_buffer.begin() + target_offset;
	return offset;
	}

What is changed and how it works?

1. In `FramedChecksumReadBuffer::doSeek`, add guard check for `working_buffer` size and `target_offset`. If the working_buffer is cleared, then re-seek the working buffer according to the offset and load data from the underlying file again.
2. In order to support the behavior above, `S3RandomAccessFile::seekImpl` support seek backward, which is implemented by reopening the file again
3. Add retry when reading from S3 meet errno=115, EINPROGRESS

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test
• Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)
• No code

Side effects

• Performance regression: Consumes more CPU
• Performance regression: Consumes more Memory
• Breaking backward compatibility

Documentation

• Affects user behaviors
• Contains syntax changes
• Contains variable changes
• Contains experimental features
• Changes MySQL compatibility

Release note

Fix possible read fail when column data contains lots of "NULL" values.

[ti-chi-bot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: JaySon-Huang, Lloyd-Pottiger

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• OWNERS [JaySon-Huang,Lloyd-Pottiger]

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[ti-chi-bot]

[LGTM Timeline notifier]

Timeline:

• 2025-08-20 08:28:01.878946203 +0000 UTC m=+428489.822121719: ☑️ agreed by JaySon-Huang.
• 2025-08-20 09:53:47.816844221 +0000 UTC m=+433635.760019757: ☑️ agreed by Lloyd-Pottiger.