feat: introduce the Ruff pre-commit hook to replace a bunch of other code formatters and linter hooks

[jenstroeger]

Summary

This change replaces black, bandit, isort, flake8, and pyupgrade git hooks with a single ruff hook.

Description of changes

Ruff is supposed to be a drop-in replacement for the aforementioned checkers, linters, and code formatters and it mostly works. However, it also

• reformatted a few lines of code;
• complained about a few issues here and there;
• complained about FooBarException which should be named FooBarError which could be considered a breaking change;
• required renaming bandit comments nosec Bxxx to noqa: Sxxx.

In addition to the rules covering the existing Macaron setup, Ruff provides a bunch of new rules and checkers (e.g. boolean trap) that are probably interesting to add… 🤓

Related issues

n/a

Checklist

• I have reviewed the contribution guide.
• My PR title and commits follow the Conventional Commits convention.
• My commits include the "Signed-off-by" line.
• I have signed my commits following the instructions provided by GitHub. Note that we run GitHub's commit verification tool to check the commit signatures. A green verified label should appear next to all of your commits on GitHub.
• I have updated the relevant documentation, if applicable.
• I have tested my changes and verified they work as expected.

[jenstroeger]

@behnazh-w in addition to the existing checks, perhaps it would make sense to add the following:

• FBT (check for boolean trap)
• DTZ (ban the usage of unsafe naive datetime class)
• ICN (how certain packages should be imported or aliased)
• PIE (assortment of various checks, partially overlaps with others like Bugbear or pylint)
• SIM (various tips about simplifying code)
• SLOT (ensure __slots__ for subclasses of immutables like str)
• TID (additional tidying up of imports)
• PERF (see also perflint, a plugin we removed due to inactivity)
• DOC and D (check and enforce docstring comments)
• F (check various lint and flakes)
• PL (this is pylint but also consider Implement Pylint astral-sh/ruff#970)
• FURB (similar to pyupgrade)
• RUF (these are additional checks implemented by Ruff)

Also, note that there’s a CPY (copyright) rule which might replace this:

macaron/.pre-commit-config.yaml

Lines 203 to 211 in 109edd2

	# Checks the copyright header for .js, .py, and .java, etc. files.
	- repo: local
	hooks:
	- id: copyright-checker
	name: Copyright checker
	entry: scripts/dev_scripts/copyright-checker.sh
	language: system
	always_run: true
	pass_filenames: false