fix(typecheck): instantiate constructor schemes per use-site in patterns (#128)

[hyperpolymath]

STAGE A (#128/#135). Soundness fix.

check_pattern's PatCon read the monomorphic constructor_env entry and wrapped it as a 0-tyvar scheme, so every occurrence of a constructor shared one set of type variables. Two Ok(_) patterns in a single match (e.g. result.affine's apply tuple match) forced both payloads to the same type → Unify ((_ -> _), T).

Now prefer the polymorphic scheme in name_types (set via bind_scheme for builtin Ok/Err/Some/None/RuntimeError and user variants) and instantiate it fresh per occurrence — exactly as lookup_var does for ordinary identifiers — falling back to constructor_env only when no scheme is registered.

Full suite 233/233, zero regression. result.affine remains blocked on a separate import-path issue (imported parametric ctor schemes built with fresh_tyvar 0 then generalize, a no-op at level 0) — next slice. Refs #128.

[github-actions]

🔍 Hypatia Security Scan

Findings: 44 issues detected

Severity	Count
🔴 Critical	12
🟠 High	21
🟡 Medium	11

⚠️ Action Required: Critical security issues found!

View findings

[
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    "severity": "high"
  },
  {
    "reason": "Superseded by 0-AI-MANIFEST.a2ml",
    "type": "banned",
    "file": "AI.djot",
    "action": "delete",
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  {
    "reason": "Issue in quality.yml",
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    "action": "create",
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    "reason": "Issue in security-policy.yml",
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    "action": "create",
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    "severity": "medium"
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  {
    "reason": "Action hyperpolymath/standards/.github/workflows/governance-reusable.yml@main needs attention",
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    "action": "pin_sha",
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    "reason": "TypeScript file detected -- banned language",
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    "file": "/home/runner/work/affinescript/affinescript/affinescript-deno-test/example/smoke_driver.ts",
    "action": "flag",
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    "file": "/home/runner/work/affinescript/affinescript/affinescript-deno-test/cli.ts",
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  {
    "reason": "TypeScript file detected -- banned language",
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    "file": "/home/runner/work/affinescript/affinescript/affinescript-deno-test/lib/compile.ts",
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    "reason": "TypeScript file detected -- banned language",
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    "file": "/home/runner/work/affinescript/affinescript/affinescript-deno-test/lib/runner.ts",
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