grpc · sauravzg · Feb 2, 2026
diff --git a/xds/src/main/java/io/grpc/xds/LoadBalancerConfigFactory.java b/xds/src/main/java/io/grpc/xds/LoadBalancerConfigFactory.java
@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ class LoadBalancerConfigFactory {
   static final String SHUFFLE_ADDRESS_LIST_FIELD_NAME = "shuffleAddressList";
 
   static final String ERROR_UTILIZATION_PENALTY = "errorUtilizationPenalty";
+  static final String METRIC_NAMES_FOR_COMPUTING_UTILIZATION = "metricNamesForComputingUtilization";
 
   /**
    * Factory method for creating a new {link LoadBalancerConfigConverter} for a given xDS {@link
@@ -134,11 +135,9 @@ class LoadBalancerConfigFactory {
    * the given config values.
    */
   private static ImmutableMap<String, ?> buildWrrConfig(String blackoutPeriod,
-                                                        String weightExpirationPeriod,
-                                                        String oobReportingPeriod,
-                                                        Boolean enableOobLoadReport,
-                                                        String weightUpdatePeriod,
-                                                        Float errorUtilizationPenalty) {
+      String weightExpirationPeriod, String oobReportingPeriod, Boolean enableOobLoadReport,
+      String weightUpdatePeriod, Float errorUtilizationPenalty,
+      ImmutableList<String> metricNamesForComputingUtilization) {
     ImmutableMap.Builder<String, Object> configBuilder = ImmutableMap.builder();
     if (blackoutPeriod != null) {
       configBuilder.put(BLACK_OUT_PERIOD, blackoutPeriod);
@@ -158,6 +157,10 @@ class LoadBalancerConfigFactory {
     if (errorUtilizationPenalty != null) {
       configBuilder.put(ERROR_UTILIZATION_PENALTY, errorUtilizationPenalty);
     }
+    if (metricNamesForComputingUtilization != null
+        && !metricNamesForComputingUtilization.isEmpty()) {
+      configBuilder.put(METRIC_NAMES_FOR_COMPUTING_UTILIZATION, metricNamesForComputingUtilization);
+    }
     return ImmutableMap.of(WeightedRoundRobinLoadBalancerProvider.SCHEME,
         configBuilder.buildOrThrow());
   }
@@ -284,7 +287,7 @@ static class LoadBalancingPolicyConverter {
     }
 
     private static ImmutableMap<String, ?> convertWeightedRoundRobinConfig(
-            ClientSideWeightedRoundRobin wrr) throws ResourceInvalidException {
+        ClientSideWeightedRoundRobin wrr) throws ResourceInvalidException {
       try {
         return buildWrrConfig(
             wrr.hasBlackoutPeriod() ? Durations.toString(wrr.getBlackoutPeriod()) : null,
@@ -293,7 +296,8 @@ static class LoadBalancingPolicyConverter {
             wrr.hasOobReportingPeriod() ? Durations.toString(wrr.getOobReportingPeriod()) : null,
             wrr.hasEnableOobLoadReport() ? wrr.getEnableOobLoadReport().getValue() : null,
             wrr.hasWeightUpdatePeriod() ? Durations.toString(wrr.getWeightUpdatePeriod()) : null,
-            wrr.hasErrorUtilizationPenalty() ? wrr.getErrorUtilizationPenalty().getValue() : null);
+            wrr.hasErrorUtilizationPenalty() ? wrr.getErrorUtilizationPenalty().getValue() : null,
+            ImmutableList.copyOf(wrr.getMetricNamesForComputingUtilizationList()));
       } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
         throw new ResourceInvalidException("Invalid duration in weighted round robin config: "
             + ex.getMessage());

diff --git a/xds/src/main/java/io/grpc/xds/WeightedRoundRobinLoadBalancer.java b/xds/src/main/java/io/grpc/xds/WeightedRoundRobinLoadBalancer.java
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 import io.grpc.services.MetricReport;
 import io.grpc.util.ForwardingSubchannel;
 import io.grpc.util.MultiChildLoadBalancer;
+import io.grpc.xds.internal.MetricReportUtils;
 import io.grpc.xds.orca.OrcaOobUtil;
 import io.grpc.xds.orca.OrcaOobUtil.OrcaOobReportListener;
 import io.grpc.xds.orca.OrcaPerRequestUtil;
@@ -49,6 +50,7 @@
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.OptionalDouble;
 import java.util.Random;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
@@ -87,6 +89,9 @@
  *  See related documentation: https://cloud.google.com/service-mesh/legacy/load-balancing-apis/proxyless-configure-advanced-traffic-management#custom-lb-config
  */
 final class WeightedRoundRobinLoadBalancer extends MultiChildLoadBalancer {
+  @VisibleForTesting
+  static boolean enableCustomConfig =
+      Boolean.parseBoolean(System.getenv("GRPC_EXPERIMENTAL_WRR_CUSTOM_METRICS"));
 
   private static final LongCounterMetricInstrument RR_FALLBACK_COUNTER;
   private static final LongCounterMetricInstrument ENDPOINT_WEIGHT_NOT_YET_USEABLE_COUNTER;
@@ -189,7 +194,7 @@ public Status acceptResolvedAddresses(ResolvedAddresses resolvedAddresses) {
       this.backendService = "";
     }
     config =
-            (WeightedRoundRobinLoadBalancerConfig) resolvedAddresses.getLoadBalancingPolicyConfig();
+        (WeightedRoundRobinLoadBalancerConfig) resolvedAddresses.getLoadBalancingPolicyConfig();
 
     if (weightUpdateTimer != null && weightUpdateTimer.isPending()) {
       weightUpdateTimer.cancel();
@@ -236,7 +241,8 @@ protected void updateOverallBalancingState() {
 
   private SubchannelPicker createReadyPicker(Collection<ChildLbState> activeList) {
     WeightedRoundRobinPicker picker = new WeightedRoundRobinPicker(ImmutableList.copyOf(activeList),
-        config.enableOobLoadReport, config.errorUtilizationPenalty, sequence);
+        config.enableOobLoadReport, config.errorUtilizationPenalty, sequence,
+        config.metricNamesForComputingUtilization);
     updateWeight(picker);
     return picker;
   }
@@ -325,12 +331,16 @@ public void addSubchannel(WrrSubchannel wrrSubchannel) {
       subchannels.add(wrrSubchannel);
     }
 
-    public OrcaReportListener getOrCreateOrcaListener(float errorUtilizationPenalty) {
+    public OrcaReportListener getOrCreateOrcaListener(float errorUtilizationPenalty,
+        ImmutableList<String> metricNamesForComputingUtilization) {
       if (orcaReportListener != null
-          && orcaReportListener.errorUtilizationPenalty == errorUtilizationPenalty) {
+          && orcaReportListener.errorUtilizationPenalty == errorUtilizationPenalty
+          && Objects.equals(orcaReportListener.metricNamesForComputingUtilization,
+              metricNamesForComputingUtilization)) {
         return orcaReportListener;
       }
-      orcaReportListener = new OrcaReportListener(errorUtilizationPenalty);
+      orcaReportListener =
+          new OrcaReportListener(errorUtilizationPenalty, metricNamesForComputingUtilization);
       return orcaReportListener;
     }
 
@@ -355,18 +365,19 @@ public void updateBalancingState(ConnectivityState newState, SubchannelPicker ne
 
     final class OrcaReportListener implements OrcaPerRequestReportListener, OrcaOobReportListener {
       private final float errorUtilizationPenalty;
+      private final ImmutableList<String> metricNamesForComputingUtilization;
 
-      OrcaReportListener(float errorUtilizationPenalty) {
+      OrcaReportListener(float errorUtilizationPenalty,
+          ImmutableList<String> metricNamesForComputingUtilization) {
         this.errorUtilizationPenalty = errorUtilizationPenalty;
+        this.metricNamesForComputingUtilization = metricNamesForComputingUtilization;
       }
 
       @Override
       public void onLoadReport(MetricReport report) {
+        double utilization = getUtilization(report, metricNamesForComputingUtilization);
+
         double newWeight = 0;
-        // Prefer application utilization and fallback to CPU utilization if unset.
-        double utilization =
-            report.getApplicationUtilization() > 0 ? report.getApplicationUtilization()
-                : report.getCpuUtilization();
         if (utilization > 0 && report.getQps() > 0) {
           double penalty = 0;
           if (report.getEps() > 0 && errorUtilizationPenalty > 0) {
@@ -383,6 +394,37 @@ public void onLoadReport(MetricReport report) {
         lastUpdated = ticker.nanoTime();
         weight = newWeight;
       }
+
+      /**
+       * Returns the utilization value computed from the specified metric names. If the application
+       * utilization is present and valid, it is returned. Otherwise, the maximum of the custom
+       * metrics specified is returned. If none of the custom metrics are present, the CPU
+       * utilization is returned.
+       */
+      private double getUtilization(MetricReport report, ImmutableList<String> metricNames) {
+        double appUtil = report.getApplicationUtilization();
+        if (appUtil > 0) {
+          return appUtil;
+        }
+        return getCustomMetricUtilization(report, metricNames)
+            .orElse(report.getCpuUtilization());
+      }
+
+      /**
+       * Returns the maximum utilization value among the specified metric names.
+       * Returns OptionalDouble.empty() if NONE of the specified metrics are present in the report,
+       * or if all present metrics are NaN.
+       * Returns OptionalDouble.of(maxUtil) if at least one non-NaN metric is present.
+       */
+      private OptionalDouble getCustomMetricUtilization(MetricReport report,
+          ImmutableList<String> metricNames) {
+        return metricNames.stream()
+            .map(name -> MetricReportUtils.getMetric(report, name))
+            .filter(OptionalDouble::isPresent)
+            .mapToDouble(OptionalDouble::getAsDouble)
+            .filter(d -> !Double.isNaN(d) && d > 0)
+            .max();
+      }
     }
   }
 
@@ -403,10 +445,10 @@ private void createAndApplyOrcaListeners() {
       for (WrrSubchannel weightedSubchannel : wChild.subchannels) {
         if (config.enableOobLoadReport) {
           OrcaOobUtil.setListener(weightedSubchannel,
-              wChild.getOrCreateOrcaListener(config.errorUtilizationPenalty),
+              wChild.getOrCreateOrcaListener(config.errorUtilizationPenalty,
+                      config.metricNamesForComputingUtilization),
               OrcaOobUtil.OrcaReportingConfig.newBuilder()
-                  .setReportInterval(config.oobReportingPeriodNanos, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
-                  .build());
+                  .setReportInterval(config.oobReportingPeriodNanos, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS).build());
         } else {
           OrcaOobUtil.setListener(weightedSubchannel, null, null);
         }
@@ -473,7 +515,8 @@ static final class WeightedRoundRobinPicker extends SubchannelPicker {
     private volatile StaticStrideScheduler scheduler;
 
     WeightedRoundRobinPicker(List<ChildLbState> children, boolean enableOobLoadReport,
-        float errorUtilizationPenalty, AtomicInteger sequence) {
+        float errorUtilizationPenalty, AtomicInteger sequence,
+        ImmutableList<String> metricNamesForComputingUtilization) {
       checkNotNull(children, "children");
       Preconditions.checkArgument(!children.isEmpty(), "empty child list");
       this.children = children;
@@ -482,7 +525,8 @@ static final class WeightedRoundRobinPicker extends SubchannelPicker {
       for (ChildLbState child : children) {
         WeightedChildLbState wChild = (WeightedChildLbState) child;
         pickers.add(wChild.getCurrentPicker());
-        reportListeners.add(wChild.getOrCreateOrcaListener(errorUtilizationPenalty));
+        reportListeners.add(wChild.getOrCreateOrcaListener(errorUtilizationPenalty,
+            metricNamesForComputingUtilization));
       }
       this.pickers = pickers;
       this.reportListeners = reportListeners;
@@ -565,11 +609,11 @@ public boolean equals(Object o) {
    * The Static Stride Scheduler is an implementation of an earliest deadline first (EDF) scheduler
    * in which each object's deadline is the multiplicative inverse of the object's weight.
    * <p>
-   * The way in which this is implemented is through a static stride scheduler. 
+   * The way in which this is implemented is through a static stride scheduler.
    * The Static Stride Scheduler works by iterating through the list of subchannel weights
-   * and using modular arithmetic to proportionally distribute picks, favoring entries 
-   * with higher weights. It is based on the observation that the intended sequence generated 
-   * from an EDF scheduler is a periodic one that can be achieved through modular arithmetic. 
+   * and using modular arithmetic to proportionally distribute picks, favoring entries
+   * with higher weights. It is based on the observation that the intended sequence generated
+   * from an EDF scheduler is a periodic one that can be achieved through modular arithmetic.
    * The Static Stride Scheduler is more performant than other implementations of the EDF
    * Scheduler, as it removes the need for a priority queue (and thus mutex locks).
    * <p>
@@ -720,23 +764,23 @@ static final class WeightedRoundRobinLoadBalancerConfig {
     final long oobReportingPeriodNanos;
     final long weightUpdatePeriodNanos;
     final float errorUtilizationPenalty;
+    final ImmutableList<String> metricNamesForComputingUtilization;
 
     public static Builder newBuilder() {
       return new Builder();
     }
 
     private WeightedRoundRobinLoadBalancerConfig(long blackoutPeriodNanos,
-                                                 long weightExpirationPeriodNanos,
-                                                 boolean enableOobLoadReport,
-                                                 long oobReportingPeriodNanos,
-                                                 long weightUpdatePeriodNanos,
-                                                 float errorUtilizationPenalty) {
+        long weightExpirationPeriodNanos, boolean enableOobLoadReport, long oobReportingPeriodNanos,
+        long weightUpdatePeriodNanos, float errorUtilizationPenalty,
+        ImmutableList<String> metricNamesForComputingUtilization) {
       this.blackoutPeriodNanos = blackoutPeriodNanos;
       this.weightExpirationPeriodNanos = weightExpirationPeriodNanos;
       this.enableOobLoadReport = enableOobLoadReport;
       this.oobReportingPeriodNanos = oobReportingPeriodNanos;
       this.weightUpdatePeriodNanos = weightUpdatePeriodNanos;
       this.errorUtilizationPenalty = errorUtilizationPenalty;
+      this.metricNamesForComputingUtilization = metricNamesForComputingUtilization;
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -751,27 +795,26 @@ public boolean equals(Object o) {
           && this.oobReportingPeriodNanos == that.oobReportingPeriodNanos
           && this.weightUpdatePeriodNanos == that.weightUpdatePeriodNanos
           // Float.compare considers NaNs equal
-          && Float.compare(this.errorUtilizationPenalty, that.errorUtilizationPenalty) == 0;
+          && Float.compare(this.errorUtilizationPenalty, that.errorUtilizationPenalty) == 0
+          && Objects.equals(this.metricNamesForComputingUtilization,
+              that.metricNamesForComputingUtilization);
     }
 
     @Override
     public int hashCode() {
-      return Objects.hash(
-          blackoutPeriodNanos,
-          weightExpirationPeriodNanos,
-          enableOobLoadReport,
-          oobReportingPeriodNanos,
-          weightUpdatePeriodNanos,
-          errorUtilizationPenalty);
+      return Objects.hash(blackoutPeriodNanos, weightExpirationPeriodNanos, enableOobLoadReport,
+          oobReportingPeriodNanos, weightUpdatePeriodNanos, errorUtilizationPenalty,
+          metricNamesForComputingUtilization);
     }
 
     static final class Builder {
       long blackoutPeriodNanos = 10_000_000_000L; // 10s
-      long weightExpirationPeriodNanos = 180_000_000_000L; //3min
+      long weightExpirationPeriodNanos = 180_000_000_000L; // 3min
       boolean enableOobLoadReport = false;
       long oobReportingPeriodNanos = 10_000_000_000L; // 10s
       long weightUpdatePeriodNanos = 1_000_000_000L; // 1s
       float errorUtilizationPenalty = 1.0F;
+      ImmutableList<String> metricNamesForComputingUtilization = ImmutableList.of();
 
       private Builder() {
 
@@ -809,10 +852,17 @@ Builder setErrorUtilizationPenalty(float errorUtilizationPenalty) {
         return this;
       }
 
+      Builder setMetricNamesForComputingUtilization(
+          List<String> metricNamesForComputingUtilization) {
+        this.metricNamesForComputingUtilization =
+            ImmutableList.copyOf(metricNamesForComputingUtilization);
+        return this;
+      }
+
       WeightedRoundRobinLoadBalancerConfig build() {
         return new WeightedRoundRobinLoadBalancerConfig(blackoutPeriodNanos,
-                weightExpirationPeriodNanos, enableOobLoadReport, oobReportingPeriodNanos,
-                weightUpdatePeriodNanos, errorUtilizationPenalty);
+            weightExpirationPeriodNanos, enableOobLoadReport, oobReportingPeriodNanos,
+            weightUpdatePeriodNanos, errorUtilizationPenalty, metricNamesForComputingUtilization);
       }
     }
   }

diff --git a/xds/src/main/java/io/grpc/xds/WeightedRoundRobinLoadBalancerProvider.java b/xds/src/main/java/io/grpc/xds/WeightedRoundRobinLoadBalancerProvider.java
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 import io.grpc.Status;
 import io.grpc.internal.JsonUtil;
 import io.grpc.xds.WeightedRoundRobinLoadBalancer.WeightedRoundRobinLoadBalancerConfig;
+import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 
 /**
@@ -73,14 +74,16 @@ public ConfigOrError parseLoadBalancingPolicyConfig(Map<String, ?> rawConfig) {
   private ConfigOrError parseLoadBalancingPolicyConfigInternal(Map<String, ?> rawConfig) {
     Long blackoutPeriodNanos = JsonUtil.getStringAsDuration(rawConfig, "blackoutPeriod");
     Long weightExpirationPeriodNanos =
-            JsonUtil.getStringAsDuration(rawConfig, "weightExpirationPeriod");
+        JsonUtil.getStringAsDuration(rawConfig, "weightExpirationPeriod");
     Long oobReportingPeriodNanos = JsonUtil.getStringAsDuration(rawConfig, "oobReportingPeriod");
     Boolean enableOobLoadReport = JsonUtil.getBoolean(rawConfig, "enableOobLoadReport");
     Long weightUpdatePeriodNanos = JsonUtil.getStringAsDuration(rawConfig, "weightUpdatePeriod");
     Float errorUtilizationPenalty = JsonUtil.getNumberAsFloat(rawConfig, "errorUtilizationPenalty");
+    List<String> metricNamesForComputingUtilization = JsonUtil.getListOfStrings(rawConfig,
+        LoadBalancerConfigFactory.METRIC_NAMES_FOR_COMPUTING_UTILIZATION);
 
     WeightedRoundRobinLoadBalancerConfig.Builder configBuilder =
-            WeightedRoundRobinLoadBalancerConfig.newBuilder();
+        WeightedRoundRobinLoadBalancerConfig.newBuilder();
     if (blackoutPeriodNanos != null) {
       configBuilder.setBlackoutPeriodNanos(blackoutPeriodNanos);
     }
@@ -102,6 +105,11 @@ private ConfigOrError parseLoadBalancingPolicyConfigInternal(Map<String, ?> rawC
     if (errorUtilizationPenalty != null) {
       configBuilder.setErrorUtilizationPenalty(errorUtilizationPenalty);
     }
+    if (metricNamesForComputingUtilization != null) {
+      if (WeightedRoundRobinLoadBalancer.enableCustomConfig) {
+        configBuilder.setMetricNamesForComputingUtilization(metricNamesForComputingUtilization);
+      }
+    }
     return ConfigOrError.fromConfig(configBuilder.build());
   }
 }