C++: Remove FPs in cpp/wrong-type-format-argument caused by no linker awareness

[calumgrant]

This PR addresses the largest source of false-positives on QA whereby a project was built with two versions of the same printf-style function taking different arguments. Without linker awareness, these functions were becoming confused.

My initial attempt to fix this involved looking at whether the function was defined differently, but this ran into the issue that there can be multiple versions of char* in the database, so instead I changed the check to ensure that the format argument is always in the same position. In the QA project qhull, the results went down from 985 to 4. Unfortunately is also loses a few TPs in the process but I don't think there is an easy way to fix this at the moment.

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[jketema]

LGTM. Might need a change note?