C++: Handle template variable specializations

[jketema]

Pull Request checklist

All query authors

• A change note is added if necessary. See the documentation in this repository.
• All new queries have appropriate .qhelp. See the documentation in this repository.
• QL tests are added if necessary. See Testing custom queries in the GitHub documentation.
• New and changed queries have correct query metadata. See the documentation in this repository.

Internal query authors only

• Autofixes generated based on these changes are valid, only needed if this PR makes significant changes to .ql, .qll, or .qhelp files. See the documentation (internal access required).
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[Copilot]

Copilot reviewed 5 out of 11 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

Files not reviewed (6)

• cpp/downgrades/1a4bbe5ded083b9de87911c155fc99ca22ecb0ce/upgrade.properties: Language not supported
• cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/Function.qll: Language not supported
• cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/Variable.qll: Language not supported
• cpp/ql/lib/semmlecode.cpp.dbscheme: Language not supported
• cpp/ql/lib/semmlecode.cpp.dbscheme.stats: Language not supported
• cpp/ql/lib/upgrades/7eeff19bf7c89a350d3e43516a33c98a270cb057/upgrade.properties: Language not supported

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