Fix misuses of CopyOnWriteArrayList

[lcian]

📜 Description

CopyOnWriteArrayList allows us to access its elements without copying and without the possibility to cause a ConcurrentModificationException.
This PR modifies its usages so that we avoid copying in order to get better performance memory-wise.

We also make sure that we are using it correctly to avoid other issues (using the iterator to avoid a possible NPE that could happen with index-based accesses, and other cases where we do things that are not thread safe).

💡 Motivation and Context

Closes #2815

💚 How did you test it?

Tested as documented in #2815 (comment)

📝 Checklist

• I added tests to verify the changes.
• No new PII added or SDK only sends newly added PII if sendDefaultPII is enabled.
• I updated the docs if needed.
• I updated the wizard if needed.
• Review from the native team if needed.
• No breaking change or entry added to the changelog.
• No breaking change for hybrid SDKs or communicated to hybrid SDKs.

[github-actions]

Performance metrics 🚀

	Plain	With Sentry	Diff
Startup time	406.61 ms	429.55 ms	22.94 ms
Size	1.58 MiB	2.21 MiB	642.36 KiB

Previous results on branch: lcian/fix/cowal-iterator

Startup times

Revision	Plain	With Sentry	Diff
9b49778	394.02 ms	455.04 ms	61.02 ms
805cbe5	411.64 ms	526.35 ms	114.71 ms
ac1dee2	391.74 ms	412.60 ms	20.86 ms
beceaa2	410.46 ms	451.02 ms	40.56 ms
ed84ad9	386.57 ms	392.58 ms	6.02 ms

App size

Revision	Plain	With Sentry	Diff
9b49778	1.58 MiB	2.21 MiB	642.11 KiB
805cbe5	1.58 MiB	2.21 MiB	642.07 KiB
ac1dee2	1.58 MiB	2.21 MiB	642.34 KiB
beceaa2	1.58 MiB	2.21 MiB	642.11 KiB
ed84ad9	1.58 MiB	2.21 MiB	642.35 KiB

[lcian]

Only found another occurrence where we are misusing CopyOnWriteArrayList.

[adinauer]

LGTM!

[github-actions]

	Fails
🚫	Please consider adding a changelog entry for the next release.

Instructions and example for changelog

Please add an entry to CHANGELOG.md to the "Unreleased" section. Make sure the entry includes this PR's number.

Example:

## Unreleased

- Fix misuses of `CopyOnWriteArrayList` ([#4247](https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-java/pull/4247))

If none of the above apply, you can opt out of this check by adding #skip-changelog to the PR description.

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