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@codeflash-ai codeflash-ai bot commented Jan 30, 2026

📄 22% (0.22x) speedup for _BaseExpr.__mod__ in aerospike_helpers/expressions/resources.py

⏱️ Runtime : 20.6 microseconds 16.9 microseconds (best of 250 runs)

📝 Explanation and details

The optimized code achieves a 21% runtime improvement by inlining the _create_operator_expression function call directly into the _overload_op method. This eliminates function call overhead that was consuming 61.2% of the method's execution time in the original implementation.

Key optimization:
Instead of calling _create_operator_expression(l, r, op_type), the optimized version constructs the result expression inline:

new_expr = _BaseExpr()
new_expr._op = op_type
new_expr._children = l + r
return new_expr

Why this is faster:

  1. Eliminates function call overhead: The original code spent 807μs (61.2% of method time) on the function call itself. The optimized version removes this entirely.
  2. Reduces tuple unpacking: The original _create_operator_expression used (*left_children, *right_children) which requires unpacking and repacking tuples. The optimized version uses simple tuple concatenation l + r.
  3. Simpler execution path: Fewer stack frames and attribute lookups result in tighter, more cache-friendly code.

Test results show consistent improvements:

  • Basic operations: 18-24% faster across all test cases
  • Edge cases with complex expressions: 20-24% faster
  • Large-scale scenarios (700 combined children): 23.6% faster

The optimization particularly benefits workloads that frequently construct operator expressions, which is common when building complex query filters or database expressions. All behavioral semantics are preserved - the same children tuples are created and the same expression tree structure results.

Correctness verification report:

Test Status
⚙️ Existing Unit Tests 🔘 None Found
🌀 Generated Regression Tests 253 Passed
⏪ Replay Tests 🔘 None Found
🔎 Concolic Coverage Tests 🔘 None Found
📊 Tests Coverage 100.0%
🌀 Click to see Generated Regression Tests
import pytest  # used for our unit tests
from aerospike_helpers.expressions.resources import _BaseExpr

# Re-create the minimal parts of the original module needed for testing.
# CRITICAL: We must preserve the exact implementation of _BaseExpr.__mod__ as provided.
# The following definitions replicate the original file content (as given in the prompt).
# Note: We add a small _ExprOp container so the names referenced by the methods exist.
class _ExprOp:
    # Provide integer values for the operator constants used by the implementation.
    ABS = 1
    FLOOR = 2
    CEIL = 3
    ADD = 4
    SUB = 5
    MUL = 6
    DIV = 7
    POW = 8
    MOD = 9

def test_basic_mod_with_scalar_right():
    # Basic: left is a plain _BaseExpr with default _op (0), right is a scalar int.
    left = _BaseExpr()  # create a base expression (no op set)
    # Call the __mod__ operator with a scalar right operand
    codeflash_output = left.__mod__(3); result = codeflash_output # 2.38μs -> 1.93μs (23.6% faster)

def test_mod_flatten_left_when_same_op():
    # Edge: If the left operand already has op == MOD, its children should be flattened.
    left = _BaseExpr()
    # Manually set left to be an existing MOD operator with multiple children (ints are valid children)
    left._op = _ExprOp.MOD
    left._children = (10, 20, 30)
    # Right is a scalar
    codeflash_output = left.__mod__(40); result = codeflash_output # 2.21μs -> 1.78μs (24.2% faster)

def test_mod_flatten_right_when_same_op():
    # Edge: If the right operand is a _BaseExpr with op == MOD, its children should be flattened into result.
    left = _BaseExpr()  # left is plain
    right = _BaseExpr()
    # Make right represent a MOD expression with children (strings are allowed per TypeChild)
    right._op = _ExprOp.MOD
    right._children = ("a", "b")
    codeflash_output = left.__mod__(right); result = codeflash_output # 2.13μs -> 1.75μs (22.2% faster)

def test_both_sides_flatten_when_both_mod():
    # Basic combination: both operands are _BaseExpr with op == MOD; result should combine both children flattened.
    left = _BaseExpr()
    left._op = _ExprOp.MOD
    left._children = (1, 2)
    right = _BaseExpr()
    right._op = _ExprOp.MOD
    right._children = (3, 4)
    codeflash_output = left.__mod__(right); result = codeflash_output # 2.09μs -> 1.71μs (22.4% faster)

def test_right_with_different_op_not_flattened():
    # Edge: if the right operand is a _BaseExpr but with a different op, it should NOT be flattened.
    left = _BaseExpr()  # plain left
    right = _BaseExpr()
    right._op = _ExprOp.ADD  # different op type
    right._children = ("inner",)
    codeflash_output = left.__mod__(right); result = codeflash_output # 2.14μs -> 1.72μs (24.4% faster)

def test_operands_not_mutated_after_combination():
    # Ensure calling __mod__ does not mutate either operand's _children or _op attributes.
    left = _BaseExpr()
    left._op = _ExprOp.MOD
    left._children = (100, 200)
    right = _BaseExpr()
    right._op = _ExprOp.MOD
    right._children = (300, 400)
    # Copy originals for comparison after call
    left_children_before = left._children
    right_children_before = right._children
    left_op_before = left._op
    right_op_before = right._op
    # Perform operation
    codeflash_output = left.__mod__(right); result = codeflash_output # 2.09μs -> 1.74μs (20.0% faster)

def test_various_right_types_do_not_break_behavior():
    # Edge: right operand can be a variety of allowed primitive types; ensure behavior is consistent.
    left = _BaseExpr()
    # Test with several primitive types for right: str, bytes, dict, float
    rights = ["text", b"bytes", {"k": "v"}, 3.1415]
    for r in rights:
        # Each call should produce a result whose children are (left, r)
        codeflash_output = left.__mod__(r); res = codeflash_output # 5.32μs -> 4.50μs (18.1% faster)

def test_large_scale_combination_under_limits():
    # Large Scale: combine two _BaseExpr objects that each already represent MOD with many children.
    # Keep totals under 1000 elements as per instructions. We'll create 700 children total.
    left = _BaseExpr()
    right = _BaseExpr()
    # Create 400 left children and 300 right children (total 700)
    left_children = tuple(range(0, 400))          # 400 elements (ints)
    right_children = tuple(range(400, 700))       # 300 elements (ints)
    # Set operands to be MOD expressions
    left._op = _ExprOp.MOD
    left._children = left_children
    right._op = _ExprOp.MOD
    right._children = right_children
    # Perform the single combination operation
    codeflash_output = left.__mod__(right); combined = codeflash_output # 2.22μs -> 1.79μs (23.6% faster)
# codeflash_output is used to check that the output of the original code is the same as that of the optimized code.
import aerospike_helpers.expressions.resources as resources_module
import pytest
from aerospike_helpers.expressions.resources import (
    _BaseExpr, _create_operator_expression)

# Mock the _ExprOp enum since it's referenced but not defined in the provided context
class _ExprOp:
    MOD = 10  # Arbitrary value for MOD operation

class TestBaseExprMod:
    """Test suite for _BaseExpr.__mod__ function"""

    # ============================================================================
    # BASIC TEST CASES
    # ============================================================================

    def test_mod_with_integer_operand(self):
        """Test modulo operation with a simple integer operand"""
        expr = _BaseExpr()
        expr._op = 0
        expr._rt = None
        expr._fixed = None
        expr._children = ()
        
        result = expr % 5

    def test_mod_with_float_operand(self):
        """Test modulo operation with a float operand"""
        expr = _BaseExpr()
        expr._op = 0
        expr._rt = None
        expr._fixed = None
        expr._children = ()
        
        result = expr % 3.5

    def test_mod_with_baseexpr_operand(self):
        """Test modulo operation with another _BaseExpr as operand"""
        expr1 = _BaseExpr()
        expr1._op = 0
        expr1._rt = None
        expr1._fixed = None
        expr1._children = ()
        
        expr2 = _BaseExpr()
        expr2._op = 0
        expr2._rt = None
        expr2._fixed = None
        expr2._children = ()
        
        result = expr1 % expr2

    def test_mod_preserves_left_operand(self):
        """Test that the left operand (self) is preserved in children"""
        expr = _BaseExpr()
        expr._op = 0
        expr._children = ()
        
        result = expr % 10

    def test_mod_preserves_right_operand(self):
        """Test that the right operand is preserved in children"""
        expr = _BaseExpr()
        expr._op = 0
        expr._children = ()
        
        right_val = 10
        result = expr % right_val

    def test_mod_with_zero_operand(self):
        """Test modulo operation with zero as operand"""
        expr = _BaseExpr()
        expr._op = 0
        expr._children = ()
        
        result = expr % 0

    def test_mod_with_negative_operand(self):
        """Test modulo operation with negative operand"""
        expr = _BaseExpr()
        expr._op = 0
        expr._children = ()
        
        result = expr % -5

    def test_mod_with_string_operand(self):
        """Test modulo operation with string operand (for expression building)"""
        expr = _BaseExpr()
        expr._op = 0
        expr._children = ()
        
        result = expr % "test"

    def test_mod_with_bytes_operand(self):
        """Test modulo operation with bytes operand"""
        expr = _BaseExpr()
        expr._op = 0
        expr._children = ()
        
        result = expr % b"test"

    # ============================================================================
    # EDGE TEST CASES
    # ============================================================================

    def test_mod_chaining_multiple_operations(self):
        """Test chaining multiple modulo operations"""
        expr1 = _BaseExpr()
        expr1._op = 0
        expr1._children = ()
        
        expr2 = _BaseExpr()
        expr2._op = 0
        expr2._children = ()
        
        # Chain: expr1 % 5 % expr2
        result1 = expr1 % 5
        result2 = result1 % expr2

    def test_mod_with_existing_mod_operator_in_left(self):
        """Test modulo when left operand already has MOD operation"""
        # Create an expression that already has a MOD operation
        expr_left = _BaseExpr()
        expr_left._op = _ExprOp.MOD
        expr_left._rt = None
        expr_left._fixed = None
        expr_left._children = (1, 2)
        
        # Apply modulo with right operand
        result = expr_left % 3

    def test_mod_with_existing_mod_operator_in_right(self):
        """Test modulo when right operand already has MOD operation"""
        expr_left = _BaseExpr()
        expr_left._op = 0
        expr_left._children = ()
        
        # Create an expression that already has a MOD operation
        expr_right = _BaseExpr()
        expr_right._op = _ExprOp.MOD
        expr_right._children = (5, 6)
        
        result = expr_left % expr_right

    def test_mod_with_existing_mod_in_both_operands(self):
        """Test modulo when both operands already have MOD operation"""
        expr_left = _BaseExpr()
        expr_left._op = _ExprOp.MOD
        expr_left._children = (1, 2)
        
        expr_right = _BaseExpr()
        expr_right._op = _ExprOp.MOD
        expr_right._children = (5, 6)
        
        result = expr_left % expr_right

    def test_mod_with_large_integer(self):
        """Test modulo operation with very large integer"""
        expr = _BaseExpr()
        expr._op = 0
        expr._children = ()
        
        large_int = 10**100
        result = expr % large_int

    def test_mod_with_very_small_float(self):
        """Test modulo operation with very small float"""
        expr = _BaseExpr()
        expr._op = 0
        expr._children = ()
        
        small_float = 1e-100
        result = expr % small_float

    def test_mod_returns_new_instance(self):
        """Test that modulo operation returns a new instance, not the same"""
        expr = _BaseExpr()
        expr._op = 0
        expr._children = ()
        
        result = expr % 5

    def test_mod_with_dict_operand(self):
        """Test modulo operation with dict operand"""
        expr = _BaseExpr()
        expr._op = 0
        expr._children = ()
        
        dict_val = {"key": "value"}
        result = expr % dict_val

    def test_mod_with_multiple_children_in_left(self):
        """Test modulo when left operand already has multiple children (non-MOD)"""
        expr_left = _BaseExpr()
        expr_left._op = 5  # Not MOD, some other operation
        expr_left._children = (1, 2, 3)
        
        result = expr_left % 10

    # ============================================================================
    # LARGE SCALE TEST CASES
    # ============================================================================

    def test_mod_with_many_chained_operations(self):
        """Test modulo with many chained operations to verify scalability"""
        expr = _BaseExpr()
        expr._op = 0
        expr._children = ()
        
        # Chain 100 modulo operations
        result = expr
        for i in range(100):
            result = result % (i + 1)

    def test_mod_with_complex_nested_expressions(self):
        """Test modulo with deeply nested expression structures"""
        # Create a tree of expressions
        expr1 = _BaseExpr()
        expr1._op = 0
        expr1._children = ()
        
        expr2 = _BaseExpr()
        expr2._op = 0
        expr2._children = ()
        
        expr3 = _BaseExpr()
        expr3._op = 0
        expr3._children = ()
        
        # Create nested: ((expr1 % expr2) % expr3) % 5
        result1 = expr1 % expr2
        result2 = result1 % expr3
        result3 = result2 % 5

    def test_mod_with_mixed_type_operands(self):
        """Test modulo with many operations using mixed types"""
        expr = _BaseExpr()
        expr._op = 0
        expr._children = ()
        
        # Test with various types in sequence
        operands = [5, 3.14, "text", b"bytes", {"key": 1}, -10, 0, 1e10]
        
        result = expr
        for operand in operands:
            result = result % operand

    def test_mod_preserves_attribute_values(self):
        """Test that modulo operation doesn't modify other attributes"""
        expr = _BaseExpr()
        expr._op = 7
        expr._rt = 42
        expr._fixed = {"key": "value"}
        expr._children = (1, 2)
        
        result = expr % 10

    def test_mod_with_wide_operand_range(self):
        """Test modulo with operands across a wide numerical range"""
        expr = _BaseExpr()
        expr._op = 0
        expr._children = ()
        
        # Test with operands spanning many orders of magnitude
        operands = [1e-50, 1e-10, 0.001, 1, 100, 1e10, 1e50]
        
        for operand in operands:
            result = expr % operand

    def test_mod_operation_creates_proper_tree_structure(self):
        """Test that repeated modulo operations create proper tree structure"""
        expr_base = _BaseExpr()
        expr_base._op = 0
        expr_base._children = ()
        
        # Build a chain of 50 operations and verify tree structure
        expressions = [expr_base]
        for i in range(50):
            new_expr = expressions[-1] % (i + 2)
            expressions.append(new_expr)
        
        # Verify final expression is valid
        final = expressions[-1]
# codeflash_output is used to check that the output of the original code is the same as that of the optimized code.

To edit these changes git checkout codeflash/optimize-_BaseExpr.__mod__-ml0hst3f and push.

Codeflash Static Badge

The optimized code achieves a **21% runtime improvement** by **inlining the `_create_operator_expression` function call** directly into the `_overload_op` method. This eliminates function call overhead that was consuming 61.2% of the method's execution time in the original implementation.

**Key optimization:**
Instead of calling `_create_operator_expression(l, r, op_type)`, the optimized version constructs the result expression inline:
```python
new_expr = _BaseExpr()
new_expr._op = op_type
new_expr._children = l + r
return new_expr
```

**Why this is faster:**
1. **Eliminates function call overhead**: The original code spent 807μs (61.2% of method time) on the function call itself. The optimized version removes this entirely.
2. **Reduces tuple unpacking**: The original `_create_operator_expression` used `(*left_children, *right_children)` which requires unpacking and repacking tuples. The optimized version uses simple tuple concatenation `l + r`.
3. **Simpler execution path**: Fewer stack frames and attribute lookups result in tighter, more cache-friendly code.

**Test results show consistent improvements:**
- Basic operations: 18-24% faster across all test cases
- Edge cases with complex expressions: 20-24% faster
- Large-scale scenarios (700 combined children): 23.6% faster

The optimization particularly benefits workloads that frequently construct operator expressions, which is common when building complex query filters or database expressions. All behavioral semantics are preserved - the same children tuples are created and the same expression tree structure results.
@codeflash-ai codeflash-ai bot requested a review from aseembits93 January 30, 2026 06:19
@codeflash-ai codeflash-ai bot added ⚡️ codeflash Optimization PR opened by Codeflash AI 🎯 Quality: High Optimization Quality according to Codeflash labels Jan 30, 2026
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