[FLINK-38261] add catalog connection resource

[lihaosky]

What is the purpose of the change

Add catalogconnection related interfaces in https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/FLINK/FLIP-529%3A+Connections+in+Flink+SQL+and+TableAPI

Brief change log

Add CatalogConnection and SensitiveConnection interfaces and default implementation.

Verifying this change

Interface change. Will add tests during usage

Does this pull request potentially affect one of the following parts:

• Dependencies (does it add or upgrade a dependency): (no)
• The public API, i.e., is any changed class annotated with @Public(Evolving): (yes)
• The serializers: (no)
• The runtime per-record code paths (performance sensitive): (no)
• Anything that affects deployment or recovery: JobManager (and its components), Checkpointing, Kubernetes/Yarn, ZooKeeper: (no)
• The S3 file system connector: (no)

Documentation

• Does this pull request introduce a new feature? (no)
• If yes, how is the feature documented? (JavaDocs)

[flinkbot]

CI report:

• 0565179 Azure: FAILURE

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