[Oracle] Support hierarchical queries

src/ast/mod.rs

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ pub use self::dml::{
 };
 pub use self::operator::{BinaryOperator, UnaryOperator};
 pub use self::query::{
-    AfterMatchSkip, ConnectBy, Cte, CteAsMaterialized, Distinct, EmptyMatchesMode,
+    AfterMatchSkip, ConnectByKind, Cte, CteAsMaterialized, Distinct, EmptyMatchesMode,
     ExceptSelectItem, ExcludeSelectItem, ExprWithAlias, ExprWithAliasAndOrderBy, Fetch, ForClause,
     ForJson, ForXml, FormatClause, GroupByExpr, GroupByWithModifier, IdentWithAlias,
     IlikeSelectItem, InputFormatClause, Interpolate, InterpolateExpr, Join, JoinConstraint,

src/ast/query.rs

@@ -374,6 +374,8 @@ pub struct Select {
     pub prewhere: Option<Expr>,
     /// WHERE
     pub selection: Option<Expr>,
+    /// [START WITH ..] CONNECT BY ..
+    pub connect_by: Vec<ConnectByKind>,
     /// GROUP BY
     pub group_by: GroupByExpr,
     /// CLUSTER BY (Hive)
@@ -395,8 +397,6 @@ pub struct Select {
     pub window_before_qualify: bool,
     /// BigQuery syntax: `SELECT AS VALUE | SELECT AS STRUCT`
     pub value_table_mode: Option<ValueTableMode>,
-    /// STARTING WITH .. CONNECT BY
-    pub connect_by: Option<ConnectBy>,
     /// Was this a FROM-first query?
     pub flavor: SelectFlavor,
 }
@@ -475,6 +475,10 @@ impl fmt::Display for Select {
             SpaceOrNewline.fmt(f)?;
             Indent(selection).fmt(f)?;
         }
+        for clause in &self.connect_by {
+            SpaceOrNewline.fmt(f)?;
+            clause.fmt(f)?;
+        }
         match &self.group_by {
             GroupByExpr::All(_) => {
                 SpaceOrNewline.fmt(f)?;
@@ -538,10 +542,6 @@ impl fmt::Display for Select {
                 display_comma_separated(&self.named_window).fmt(f)?;
             }
         }
-        if let Some(ref connect_by) = self.connect_by {
-            SpaceOrNewline.fmt(f)?;
-            connect_by.fmt(f)?;
-        }
         Ok(())
     }
 }
@@ -1094,24 +1094,60 @@ impl fmt::Display for TableWithJoins {
 /// Joins a table to itself to process hierarchical data in the table.
 ///
 /// See <https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/connect-by>.
+/// See <https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/21/sqlrf/Hierarchical-Queries.html>
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
-pub struct ConnectBy {
-    /// START WITH
-    pub condition: Expr,
+pub enum ConnectByKind {
     /// CONNECT BY
-    pub relationships: Vec<Expr>,
+    ConnectBy {
+        /// the `CONNECT` token
+        connect_token: AttachedToken,
+
+        /// [CONNECT BY] NOCYCLE
+        ///
+        /// Optional on [Oracle](https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/21/sqlrf/Hierarchical-Queries.html#GUID-0118DF1D-B9A9-41EB-8556-C6E7D6A5A84E__GUID-5377971A-F518-47E4-8781-F06FEB3EF993)
+        nocycle: bool,
+
+        /// join conditions denoting the hierarchical relationship
+        relationships: Vec<Expr>,
+    },
+
+    /// START WITH
+    ///
+    /// Optional on [Oracle](https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/21/sqlrf/Hierarchical-Queries.html#GUID-0118DF1D-B9A9-41EB-8556-C6E7D6A5A84E)
+    /// when comming _after_ the `CONNECT BY`.
+    StartWith {
+        /// the `START` token
+        start_token: AttachedToken,
+
+        /// condition selecting the root rows of the hierarchy
+        condition: Box<Expr>,
+    },
 }
 
-impl fmt::Display for ConnectBy {
+impl fmt::Display for ConnectByKind {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
-        write!(
-            f,
-            "START WITH {condition} CONNECT BY {relationships}",
-            condition = self.condition,
-            relationships = display_comma_separated(&self.relationships)
-        )
+        match self {
+            ConnectByKind::ConnectBy {
+                connect_token: _,
+                nocycle,
+                relationships,
+            } => {
+                write!(
+                    f,
+                    "CONNECT BY {nocycle}{relationships}",
+                    nocycle = if *nocycle { "NOCYCLE " } else { "" },
+                    relationships = display_comma_separated(relationships)
+                )
+            }
+            ConnectByKind::StartWith {
+                start_token: _,
+                condition,
+            } => {
+                write!(f, "START WITH {condition}")
+            }
+        }
     }
 }
 

src/ast/spans.rs

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ use super::{
     AlterIndexOperation, AlterTableOperation, Analyze, Array, Assignment, AssignmentTarget,
     AttachedToken, BeginEndStatements, CaseStatement, CloseCursor, ClusteredIndex, ColumnDef,
     ColumnOption, ColumnOptionDef, ConditionalStatementBlock, ConditionalStatements,
-    ConflictTarget, ConnectBy, ConstraintCharacteristics, CopySource, CreateIndex, CreateTable,
+    ConflictTarget, ConnectByKind, ConstraintCharacteristics, CopySource, CreateIndex, CreateTable,
     CreateTableOptions, Cte, Delete, DoUpdate, ExceptSelectItem, ExcludeSelectItem, Expr,
     ExprWithAlias, Fetch, ForValues, FromTable, Function, FunctionArg, FunctionArgExpr,
     FunctionArgumentClause, FunctionArgumentList, FunctionArguments, GroupByExpr, HavingBound,
@@ -2268,28 +2268,34 @@ impl Spanned for Select {
                 .chain(lateral_views.iter().map(|item| item.span()))
                 .chain(prewhere.iter().map(|item| item.span()))
                 .chain(selection.iter().map(|item| item.span()))
+                .chain(connect_by.iter().map(|item| item.span()))
                 .chain(core::iter::once(group_by.span()))
                 .chain(cluster_by.iter().map(|item| item.span()))
                 .chain(distribute_by.iter().map(|item| item.span()))
                 .chain(sort_by.iter().map(|item| item.span()))
                 .chain(having.iter().map(|item| item.span()))
                 .chain(named_window.iter().map(|item| item.span()))
-                .chain(qualify.iter().map(|item| item.span()))
-                .chain(connect_by.iter().map(|item| item.span())),
+                .chain(qualify.iter().map(|item| item.span())),
         )
     }
 }
 
-impl Spanned for ConnectBy {
+impl Spanned for ConnectByKind {
     fn span(&self) -> Span {
-        let ConnectBy {
-            condition,
-            relationships,
-        } = self;
-
-        union_spans(
-            core::iter::once(condition.span()).chain(relationships.iter().map(|item| item.span())),
-        )
+        match self {
+            ConnectByKind::ConnectBy {
+                connect_token,
+                nocycle: _,
+                relationships,
+            } => union_spans(
+                core::iter::once(connect_token.0.span())
+                    .chain(relationships.last().iter().map(|item| item.span())),
+            ),
+            ConnectByKind::StartWith {
+                start_token,
+                condition,
+            } => union_spans([start_token.0.span(), condition.span()].into_iter()),
+        }
     }
 }
 

src/dialect/oracle.rs

@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@ use crate::{
     tokenizer::Token,
 };
 
-use super::{Dialect, Precedence};
+use super::{keywords::Keyword, Dialect, Precedence};
+
+const RESERVED_KEYWORDS_FOR_SELECT_ITEM_OPERATOR: [Keyword; 1] = [Keyword::CONNECT_BY_ROOT];
 
 /// A [`Dialect`] for [Oracle Databases](https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/21/sqlrf/index.html)
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -96,6 +98,10 @@ impl Dialect for OracleDialect {
         true
     }
 
+    fn get_reserved_keywords_for_select_item_operator(&self) -> &[Keyword] {
+        &RESERVED_KEYWORDS_FOR_SELECT_ITEM_OPERATOR
+    }
+
     fn supports_quote_delimited_string(&self) -> bool {
         true
     }

src/keywords.rs

@@ -677,6 +677,7 @@ define_keywords!(
     NOCOMPRESS,
     NOCREATEDB,
     NOCREATEROLE,
+    NOCYCLE,
     NOINHERIT,
     NOLOGIN,
     NONE,

src/parser/mod.rs

@@ -4511,16 +4511,29 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
     /// consumed and returns false
     #[must_use]
     pub fn parse_keywords(&mut self, keywords: &[Keyword]) -> bool {
-        let index = self.index;
-        for &keyword in keywords {
-            if !self.parse_keyword(keyword) {
-                // println!("parse_keywords aborting .. did not find {:?}", keyword);
-                // reset index and return immediately
-                self.index = index;
-                return false;
+        self.parse_keywords_(keywords).is_some()
+    }
+
+    /// Just like [Self::parse_keywords], but - upon success - returns the
+    /// token index of the first keyword.
+    #[must_use]
+    fn parse_keywords_(&mut self, keywords: &[Keyword]) -> Option<usize> {
+        let start_index = self.index;
+        let mut first_keyword_index = None;
+        match keywords {
+            [keyword, keywords @ ..] if self.parse_keyword(*keyword) => {
+                first_keyword_index = Some(self.index.saturating_sub(1));
+                for &keyword in keywords {
+                    if !self.parse_keyword(keyword) {
+                        self.index = start_index;
+                        first_keyword_index = None;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
             }
+            _ => {}
         }
-        true
+        first_keyword_index
     }
 
     /// If the current token is one of the given `keywords`, returns the keyword
@@ -13902,7 +13915,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                     window_before_qualify: false,
                     qualify: None,
                     value_table_mode: None,
-                    connect_by: None,
+                    connect_by: vec![],
                     flavor: SelectFlavor::FromFirstNoSelect,
                 });
             }
@@ -14000,6 +14013,8 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             None
         };
 
+        let connect_by = self.maybe_parse_connect_by()?;
+
         let group_by = self
             .parse_optional_group_by()?
             .unwrap_or_else(|| GroupByExpr::Expressions(vec![], vec![]));
@@ -14052,17 +14067,6 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             Default::default()
         };
 
-        let connect_by = if self.dialect.supports_connect_by()
-            && self
-                .parse_one_of_keywords(&[Keyword::START, Keyword::CONNECT])
-                .is_some()
-        {
-            self.prev_token();
-            Some(self.parse_connect_by()?)
-        } else {
-            None
-        };
-
         Ok(Select {
             select_token: AttachedToken(select_token),
             optimizer_hint,
@@ -14184,27 +14188,27 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
     }
 
     /// Parse a `CONNECT BY` clause (Oracle-style hierarchical query support).
-    pub fn parse_connect_by(&mut self) -> Result<ConnectBy, ParserError> {
-        let (condition, relationships) = if self.parse_keywords(&[Keyword::CONNECT, Keyword::BY]) {
-            let relationships = self.with_state(ParserState::ConnectBy, |parser| {
-                parser.parse_comma_separated(Parser::parse_expr)
-            })?;
-            self.expect_keywords(&[Keyword::START, Keyword::WITH])?;
-            let condition = self.parse_expr()?;
-            (condition, relationships)
-        } else {
-            self.expect_keywords(&[Keyword::START, Keyword::WITH])?;
-            let condition = self.parse_expr()?;
-            self.expect_keywords(&[Keyword::CONNECT, Keyword::BY])?;
-            let relationships = self.with_state(ParserState::ConnectBy, |parser| {
-                parser.parse_comma_separated(Parser::parse_expr)
-            })?;
-            (condition, relationships)
-        };
-        Ok(ConnectBy {
-            condition,
-            relationships,
-        })
+    pub fn maybe_parse_connect_by(&mut self) -> Result<Vec<ConnectByKind>, ParserError> {
+        let mut clauses = Vec::with_capacity(2);
+        loop {
+            if let Some(idx) = self.parse_keywords_(&[Keyword::START, Keyword::WITH]) {
+                clauses.push(ConnectByKind::StartWith {
+                    start_token: self.token_at(idx).clone().into(),
+                    condition: self.parse_expr()?.into(),
+                });
+            } else if let Some(idx) = self.parse_keywords_(&[Keyword::CONNECT, Keyword::BY]) {
+                clauses.push(ConnectByKind::ConnectBy {
+                    connect_token: self.token_at(idx).clone().into(),
+                    nocycle: self.parse_keyword(Keyword::NOCYCLE),
+                    relationships: self.with_state(ParserState::ConnectBy, |parser| {
+                        parser.parse_comma_separated(Parser::parse_expr)
+                    })?,
+                });
+            } else {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(clauses)
     }
 
     /// Parse `CREATE TABLE x AS TABLE y`

tests/sqlparser_bigquery.rs

@@ -2710,7 +2710,7 @@ fn test_export_data() {
                     qualify: None,
                     window_before_qualify: false,
                     value_table_mode: None,
-                    connect_by: None,
+                    connect_by: vec![],
                     flavor: SelectFlavor::Standard,
                 }))),
                 order_by: Some(OrderBy {
@@ -2815,7 +2815,7 @@ fn test_export_data() {
                     qualify: None,
                     window_before_qualify: false,
                     value_table_mode: None,
-                    connect_by: None,
+                    connect_by: vec![],
                     flavor: SelectFlavor::Standard,
                 }))),
                 order_by: Some(OrderBy {

tests/sqlparser_clickhouse.rs

@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ fn parse_map_access_expr() {
             window_before_qualify: false,
             qualify: None,
             value_table_mode: None,
-            connect_by: None,
+            connect_by: vec![],
             flavor: SelectFlavor::Standard,
         },
         select