GH-49004: [C++][FlightRPC] Run ODBC tests in workflow using cpp_test.sh

[alinaliBQ]

Rationale for this change

#49004

What changes are included in this PR?

• Run tests using cpp_test.sh in the ODBC job of C++ Extra CI.
  Note: find_package(Arrow) check in cpp_test.sh is disabled due to blocker [C++] Enable Minimal Find Arrow package test for MSVC CI with VCPKG #49050

Are these changes tested?

Yes, in CI

Are there any user-facing changes?

N/A

• GitHub Issue: [C++][FlightSQL][ODBC][CI] Run ODBC test executables in CI using cpp_test.sh #49004

[github-actions]

⚠️ GitHub issue #49004 has been automatically assigned in GitHub to PR creator.

[raulcd]

If I understand correctly this test segfaults if not run in isolation and run as part of ci/scripts/cpp_test.sh?
I am not an expert here but if my understanding is correct I think we should rather investigate why it segfaults instead of hiding it.

[alinaliBQ]

If I understand correctly this test segfaults if not run in isolation and run as part of ci/scripts/cpp_test.sh? I am not an expert here but if my understanding is correct I think we should rather investigate why it segfaults instead of hiding it.

In mid-November 2025, ODBC tests on Windows failed with a segmentation fault, which can only detected via exit code checks (as done by cpp_test.sh) or running $LASTEXITCODE command on PowerShell on the local Windows. When I raised the PR, I didn't realize that the workflow CI would have failed if the ODBC test executable had segmentation fault, since the CI checks for exit code as well. 😅

Thanks to your comment reminder Raul, now I realize the ODBC tests are no longer having with segmentation fault on MSVC Windows. I think the underlying issue was resolved by recent updates in the Arrow libraries used by ODBC.

I've remove the TODO comment for segmentation fault. I have pushed a commit to test cpp_test.sh, if cpp_test.sh works, I will remove the extra ODBC test steps.

[alinaliBQ]

I have changed the PR to run cpp_test.sh since it works now.

[alinaliBQ]

Found segmentation fault at find_package(Arrow) example in cpp_test.sh that doesn't seem to be ODBC-related. Raised #49050