feat: add binary count trailing zeros algorithm

[AliAlimohammadi]

Description

Adds an algorithm to count trailing zeros in the binary representation of a number.

Algorithm

Counts the number of consecutive zeros from the least significant bit (rightmost) in the binary representation of an unsigned integer.

Time Complexity: O(1) - uses CPU instruction
Space Complexity: O(1)

Example

assert_eq!(binary_count_trailing_zeros(25), 0);   // 11001 -> 0 trailing zeros
assert_eq!(binary_count_trailing_zeros(36), 2);   // 100100 -> 2 trailing zeros
assert_eq!(binary_count_trailing_zeros(16), 4);   // 10000 -> 4 trailing zeros
assert_eq!(binary_count_trailing_zeros(58), 1);   // 111010 -> 1 trailing zero

Implementation Details

• Primary: Uses Rust's built-in trailing_zeros() method
• Alternative: Bitwise implementation using log2(num & -num) trick
• Compiles to single CPU instruction (BSF/TZCNT on x86)
• Handles zero case explicitly to return 0
• Type-safe: uses u64 for compile-time guarantees

Testing

• All existing tests pass
• Added test suite covering:
  • Basic cases from Python examples
  • Zero handling
  • Powers of 2
  • Comprehensive bitwise vs built-in comparison (22 test cases)

Checklist

• Code follows the repository's style guidelines
• Self-review performed
• Code is well-commented
• Tests added and passing
• Documentation added

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 97.43590% with 1 line in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 95.70%. Comparing base (5c4593c) to head (28d769d).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...rc/bit_manipulation/binary_count_trailing_zeros.rs	97.43%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##           master     #972   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   95.70%   95.70%           
=======================================
  Files         345      346    +1     
  Lines       22569    22608   +39     
=======================================
+ Hits        21599    21638   +39     
  Misses        970      970           

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[AliAlimohammadi]

@siriak, this is ready to be merged.