Add PATRICIA trie algorithm.

[shimmer12]

• I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized it.
• All filenames are in PascalCase.
• All functions and variable names follow Java naming conventions.
• All new algorithms have a URL in their comments that points to Wikipedia or other similar explanations.
• All new code is formatted with clang-format -i --style=file path/to/your/file.java

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 0% with 48 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 76.25%. Comparing base (50b1bcd) to head (b657ae3).
⚠️ Report is 3 commits behind head on master.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...ealgorithms/datastructures/trees/PatriciaTrie.java	0.00%	48 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##             master    #6710      +/-   ##
============================================
- Coverage     76.36%   76.25%   -0.12%     
- Complexity     5935     5975      +40     
============================================
  Files           711      715       +4     
  Lines         20175    20288     +113     
  Branches       3910     3937      +27     
============================================
+ Hits          15407    15470      +63     
- Misses         4178     4227      +49     
- Partials        590      591       +1     

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