FEAT(geometry): Add Haversine formula and fix build issues

[Priyanshu1303d]

Hello! This PR adds the Haversine formula algorithm and also includes two small fixes for issues I found while setting up the development environment.

This implementation is of the Haversine formula to calculate the distance between two points on a sphere

• I have read [CONTRIBUTING.md](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md).
• This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized it.
• All filenames are in PascalCase.
• All functions and variable names follow Java naming conventions.
• All new algorithms have a URL in their comments that points to Wikipedia or other similar explanations.
• All new code is formatted correctly.

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New Feature: Haversine Formula

• Added the Haversine formula implementation (Haversine.java) to the geometry package. This algorithm calculates the great-circle distance between two points on a sphere using their latitude and longitude.
• Included a corresponding unit test file (HaversineTest.java) with multiple test cases to ensure correctness.

Build and Bug Fixes

To get the project to build and run tests successfully, I also made the following corrections:

1. pom.xml: Updated the Maven compiler plugin configuration from <source>/<target> to the modern <release> tag. This resolves a build warning that was treated as an error when using newer JDKs.
2. PartitionProblem.java: Corrected a Javadoc formatting error where the comment was placed before the package declaration, which caused a build failure due to the -Werror flag.

All tests pass successfully with these changes. Let me know if any further modifications are needed!

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 75.75%. Comparing base (e6cb96f) to head (397bfdd).

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##             master    #6650      +/-   ##
============================================
+ Coverage     75.74%   75.75%   +0.01%     
- Complexity     5771     5773       +2     
============================================
  Files           702      703       +1     
  Lines         19770    19777       +7     
  Branches       3832     3832              
============================================
+ Hits          14975    14983       +8     
  Misses         4215     4215              
+ Partials        580      579       -1     

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[alxkm]

Looks good. Thank for the contribution.