Added mos algorithm and dice thrower

[BEASTSHRIRAM]

After contributing to TheAlgorithms, I realized many CP students visit this repository for learning resources. I've added two important algorithms that were missing:

1. Mo's Algorithm - Square root decomposition for offline range queries(https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/dsa/mos-algorithm-query-square-root-decomposition-set-1-introduction/)(https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/7383)

   • Essential for competitive programming contests
   • O(n√n) time complexity for multiple range queries
   • Very common in Codeforces and other CP platforms

2. DiceThrower - Recursive backtracking for dice combinations

   • Great example of recursion and backtracking
   • Helps students understand recursive problem-solving
   • Generates all possible dice roll combinations for target sum

Both algorithms include comprehensive test suites and follow all contribution guidelines. These will help students build stronger foundations in competitive programming.

• I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized it.
• All filenames are in PascalCase.
• All functions and variable names follow Java naming conventions.
• All new algorithms have a URL in their comments that points to Wikipedia or other similar explanations.
• All new code is formatted with clang-format -i --style=file path/to/your/file.java

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 97.50000% with 3 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 76.06%. Comparing base (596302b) to head (d9ad6a6).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...in/java/com/thealgorithms/others/MosAlgorithm.java	97.80%	0 Missing and 2 partials ⚠️
.../java/com/thealgorithms/recursion/DiceThrower.java	96.55%	0 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##             master    #6591      +/-   ##
============================================
+ Coverage     75.93%   76.06%   +0.13%     
- Complexity     5845     5885      +40     
============================================
  Files           707      709       +2     
  Lines         19965    20085     +120     
  Branches       3871     3897      +26     
============================================
+ Hits          15160    15278     +118     
  Misses         4219     4219              
- Partials        586      588       +2     

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[BEASTSHRIRAM]

there was an dicethrow.java file but it mainly focuses on finding the number of ways to get sum x with n dice, each having m faces. but mine is is not a problem it gives recursive and backtracking approach.
Literally it is great to contribute in such a helpful website great work guys , please merge this work @alxkm .
Love from INDIA

[BEASTSHRIRAM]

@alxkm i have fixed partitionproblem.java file and also fixed Mos algorithm and Dicethrower which i had commited but got less patch coverage by codecov please merge this commit under hacktoberfest 2025

[DenizAltunkapan]

I’m fine with the proposed algorithms

[BEASTSHRIRAM]

Thankyou so much