This project is a Computer Graphics (OpenGL/GLUT) application that renders a 2D animated midnight roadside environment featuring a bicycle and various environmental elements. The scene simulates a nighttime atmosphere through animated clouds, stars, moonlight, lamp posts, grass, roads, and a bicycle object.
The project was developed using the OpenGL Fixed Function Pipeline and GLUT for rendering, animation, and user interaction.
- Sudipto Majumder
- ID: 143400005
- Merina Kawsar
- ID: 143400003
- Animated midnight sky
- Moon and north star
- Dynamic stars
- Moving clouds
- Grass fields
- Land and roadside scenery
- Road with animated dividers
- Lamp posts with lighting effects
- Two bicycle wheels
- Bicycle frame
- Handlebar
- Seat structure
- Move bicycle horizontally using arrow keys
- Move bicycle vertically within predefined limits
- Continuous environmental scrolling
- Moving clouds
- Moving moon and stars
- Animated road dividers
- Animated lamp posts and grass
- C/C++
- OpenGL
- GLUT (OpenGL Utility Toolkit)
- Windows API
#include <windows.h>
#include <GL/glut.h>
#include <GL/gl.h>
#include <GL/glu.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>| Module | Functions |
|---|---|
| Initialization | main(), Init() |
| Input Handling | keyboard() |
| Animation | update() |
| Primitive Drawing | drawFilledCircle(), drawHollowCircle(), cyclewheel() |
| Environment Objects | Moon(), Cloud(), Grass(), Land(), Road() |
| Infrastructure | LampPost(), LampLighting(), RoadDivider() |
| Bicycle Model | drawBicycle(), rotateWheel(), BicycleModifier() |
| Rendering | display() |
| Key | Action |
|---|---|
| Right Arrow | Move bicycle right |
| Left Arrow | Move bicycle left |
| Up Arrow | Move bicycle upward |
| Down Arrow | Move bicycle downward |
The Escape key exit functionality exists in the source code but is not active because the program uses:
glutSpecialFunc(keyboard);instead of a standard keyboard callback.
The animation is controlled by a global variable:
double Angle;The timer updates every 20 milliseconds:
glutTimerFunc(20, update, 0);Approximate refresh rate:
1000 / 20 = 50 FPS
The illusion of movement is achieved by translating scene objects using:
-(Angle * speed)This creates the impression that the bicycle is moving while the environment scrolls backward.
- Rendered using a filled circle
- Moves slowly across the sky
- Small bright star
- Slow movement creates depth
- Constructed using overlapping circles
- Move continuously across the scene
- Randomly generated stars rendered every frame
- Uses color gradients for a realistic ground appearance
- Dark horizontal road section
- Animated white road markings
- Vertical poles with illuminated bulbs
- Repeated across the roadside
- Procedurally generated using randomized vertices
The project uses parametric equations to generate circles:
x = r cos(θ)
y = r sin(θ)
Used in:
drawFilledCircle()drawHollowCircle()cyclewheel()
Scene movement is implemented through:
x' = x - (Angle × speed)
- Lightweight rendering
- Simple geometry
- Low memory consumption
- Suitable for educational purposes
- Easy-to-understand architecture
Functions such as:
dynamicStars();
Grass();generate random positions every frame using:
rand();Result:
- Flickering stars
- Changing grass shapes
Large loops render many objects outside the visible area:
for(int x=0; x<15000; x+=250)This causes unnecessary rendering overhead.
The function:
rotateWheel();exists but is never called.
Current behavior:
- Bicycle remains stationary
- Wheels do not rotate
The building function exists but is disabled:
// BuildingSmall();float red;
float green;
float blue;
int radius;These variables are declared but never used.
The ESC key handling is implemented incorrectly for a GLUT special-key callback.
- Implement rotating bicycle wheels
- Enable the building object
- Add rider animation
- Introduce day/night transitions
- Add traffic or additional moving objects
- Pre-generate stars instead of using random values every frame
- Cache grass geometry
- Render only visible objects
- Reduce unnecessary draw calls
- Enable OpenGL blending:
glEnable(GL_BLEND);
glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);- Use alpha transparency for lamp lighting
- Add gradients and atmospheric effects
- Improve moon and cloud shading
- Remove unused variables
- Remove dead code
- Replace magic numbers with constants
Example:
#define WINDOW_WIDTH 1280
#define WINDOW_HEIGHT 720This project uses legacy OpenGL immediate-mode rendering:
glBegin(...)
glVertex(...)
glColor(...)
glEnd(...)While deprecated in modern OpenGL, this approach is appropriate for educational computer graphics projects because it clearly demonstrates:
- Coordinate systems
- Transformations
- Primitive drawing
- Animation concepts
| Category | Score |
|---|---|
| Scene Design | 8/10 |
| Animation | 8/10 |
| Object Modeling | 7/10 |
| User Interaction | 6/10 |
| Code Structure | 8/10 |
| Performance | 6/10 |
| Modern OpenGL Usage | 3/10 |
7.3 / 10
This project successfully demonstrates the fundamentals of 2D computer graphics using OpenGL and GLUT. It combines animation, geometric modeling, transformations, and user interaction to create an engaging midnight roadside environment. Although there are areas for optimization and enhancement, the project serves as an excellent educational example of scene composition and animation using legacy OpenGL.