Added "Count Distinct Subarrays Divisible by K" (LeetCode) solution in C++

[Aditya12604]

Description

This PR adds a C++ solution for the LeetCode problem:
"Count Distinct Subarrays Divisible by K in Sorted Array"

• Problem Link: https://leetcode.com/problems/count-distinct-subarrays-divisible-by-k-in-sorted-array/
• Added full problem statement, explanation, time complexity, and test cases
• Code is cleanly structured with descriptive comments and self-contained main() for testing

Folder Structure

Placed under: cpp/algorithms/arrays/LeetCode_Count_Distinct_Subarrays_Divisible_By_K.cpp

Highlights

• O(N*log(k)) time complexity
• Clear explanation and example
• Readable and consistent variable naming
• Matches repo’s contribution style

Test Cases

Includes two test cases with expected output inside the file.

Hacktoberfest

This PR is made for Hacktoberfest 2025.

[github-actions]

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[github-actions]

🤖 Automated PR Status

🔍 Code Validation

✅ Passed - File naming and structure look good!

🧪 Compilation Tests

✅ Passed - All code compiles successfully!

📋 Overall Status

🎉 Ready for Review - Your PR has passed all automated checks!
👥 Maintainers have been notified for review.

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