Add reference semantics quantum dialect definition

[paul0403]

Context:
There will be 3 PRs on reference semantics quantum dialect.

1. This one. It adds the dialect and ops themselves.
2. A conversion from reference semantics quantum dialect to value semantics quantum dialect (aka the "regular" quantum dialect)
3. Lowering rules from plxpr primitives to reference semantics quantum dialect.

Ideally there will be a fourth PR:
4. A conversion from value dialect to reference dialect.

But depending on time/complexity/workload/priority, we might need to drop some of them this quarter.

Description of the Change:
Here's the list of all operations in the regular quantum dialect that uses QubitType or QuregType values as inputs/outputs:

• AllocOp
• DeallocOp
• AllocQubitOp
• DeallocQubitOp
• ExtractOp (not meaningful in reference semantics)
• InsertOp (not meaningful in reference semantics)
• SetStateOp
• SetBasisStateOp
• CustomOp
• PauliRotOp
• GlobalPhaseOp
• MultiRZOp
• PCPhaseOp
• QubitUnitaryOp
• ComputationalBasisOp
• NamedObsOp
• HermitianOp
• MeasureOp
• AdjointOp
• YieldOp

Benefits:

Possible Drawbacks:

Related GitHub Issues:

[sc-105532]

[dime10]

Nice!

A conversion from reference semantics quantum dialect to value semantics quantum dialect (aka the "regular" quantum dialect)

I'd say we would want conversions in both directions ideally, that way the ref dialect can be used more flexibly. Although the ref->value at least allows us to simplify the frontend.