Document the interaction behaviour of @grad and compile.

[jacobusmmsmit]

TLDR:

This PR adds documentation to @grad that specifies what the @graded function should return, and documents that any variables defined outside of the returned adjoint function have their values frozen to their compiled ones.

Context:

In this discussion from issue #243 I fumbled my way through working out how @grad functions in relation to compile. Unsurprisingly to anyone who understands adjoints, I found out that any intermediate variables defined in the body of the function could be used but not updated when the gradient is compiled with compile.

This PR is just a bit of documentation added to the unexported macro @grad so that anyone else who dives into ReverseDiff might have an easier time concretely understanding the expected effects of compile.

Any suggestions on changes to language or wording are more than welcome.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 81.53%. Comparing base (c982cde) to head (2571a16).
Report is 18 commits behind head on master.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##           master     #250   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   81.53%   81.53%           
=======================================
  Files          18       18           
  Lines        1587     1587           
=======================================
  Hits         1294     1294           
  Misses        293      293           

☔ View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
📢 Have feedback on the report? Share it here.

🚀 New features to boost your workflow:

• ❄️ Test Analytics: Detect flaky tests, report on failures, and find test suite problems.