Adds overloads to ak.full

[drculhane]

Closes #5173

This one required a fair amount of work to satisfy mypy once the overloads were written. I'm going to keep it in draft initially.

Notes:

In addition to the work on the overloads, mypy found an error in the order of calling parameters to full in my recent PR that changed ak.minimum and ak.maximum. So that's been fixed.

Once the overloads were in place, mypy flagged an error in the use of full in isna function in the recent pandas extensions. I addressed that by converting the result of ak.full to an ArkoudaArray before returning.

[codecov-commenter]

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[ajpotts]

Thank you!

[1RyanK]

Looks good!

[1RyanK]

I think although this doesn't "cause problems" with mypy, it does make mypy believe the wrong thing. For example, if you do ak.full(5, 7, dtype="int64"), mypy believes a Strings object will be returned. Here's a wacky, roundabout way to get that to show up:

In [13]: import textwrap, tempfile, os, sys, subprocess, pathlib
    ...: 
    ...: code = textwrap.dedent("""
    ...:     import arkouda as ak
    ...:     import numpy as np
    ...: 
    ...:     def f() -> None:
    ...:         a = ak.full(5, 7, dtype="int64")
    ...:         reveal_type(a)
    ...: 
    ...:         b = ak.full(5, 7, dtype="str")
    ...:         reveal_type(b)
    ...: 
    ...:         c = ak.full(5, "x")
    ...:         reveal_type(c)
    ...: 
    ...:         d = ak.full(5, np.nan)
    ...:         reveal_type(d)
    ...: """)
    ...: 
    ...: with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as td:
    ...:     p = pathlib.Path(td) / "mypy_check.py"
    ...:     p.write_text(code)
    ...: 
    ...:     # Run mypy. You might need: `pip install mypy` in your env first.
    ...:     res = subprocess.run(
    ...:         ["mypy", str(p)],
    ...:         capture_output=True,
    ...:         text=True,
    ...:     )
    ...:     print(res.stdout)
    ...:     print(res.stderr)
    ...: 
/tmp/tmpy9644sti/mypy_check.py:7: note: Revealed type is "arkouda.numpy.strings.Strings"
/tmp/tmpy9644sti/mypy_check.py:10: note: Revealed type is "arkouda.numpy.strings.Strings"
/tmp/tmpy9644sti/mypy_check.py:13: note: Revealed type is "arkouda.numpy.strings.Strings"
/tmp/tmpy9644sti/mypy_check.py:16: note: Revealed type is "arkouda.numpy.pdarrayclass.pdarray"
Success: no issues found in 1 source file

Notably, when it does

a = ak.full(5, 7, dtype="int64")
reveal_type(a)

The corresponding output is

/tmp/tmpy9644sti/mypy_check.py:7: note: Revealed type is "arkouda.numpy.strings.Strings"

But if you actually try it, you get int64. Maybe try

...
@overload
def full(
    size: ...,
    fill_value: Union[numeric_and_bool_scalars, str_scalars],
    dtype: Literal["str", "string"],
    max_bits: Optional[int] = ...,
) -> Strings: ...