diff --git a/packages/ccui/ui/button/test/button.test.ts b/packages/ccui/ui/button/test/button.test.ts
index 40b0409f..62c7f99c 100644
--- a/packages/ccui/ui/button/test/button.test.ts
+++ b/packages/ccui/ui/button/test/button.test.ts
@@ -18,25 +18,37 @@ const roundClass = ns.m('round')
 const circleClass = ns.m('circle')
 const loadingClass = ns.m('loading')
 
+// 测试辅助函数
+function createWrapper(props = {}, slots = {}) {
+  return mount(Button, {
+    props,
+    slots: {
+      default: 'Button',
+      ...slots,
+    },
+  })
+}
+
+function createShallowWrapper(props = {}, slots = {}) {
+  return shallowMount(Button, {
+    props,
+    slots: {
+      default: 'Button',
+      ...slots,
+    },
+  })
+}
+
 describe('button', () => {
   it('dom', () => {
-    const wrapper = shallowMount(Button, {
-      slots: {
-        default: '确定',
-      },
-    })
-
-    // 元素是否存在
+    const wrapper = createShallowWrapper({}, { default: '确定' })
     expect(wrapper.find(baseClass).exists()).toBeTruthy()
-
-    // 默认插槽的文本是否正确
     expect(wrapper.find(baseClass).text()).toBe('确定')
-
     wrapper.unmount()
   })
 
   it('type', async () => {
-    const wrapper = shallowMount(Button, { props: { type: 'primary' } })
+    const wrapper = createShallowWrapper({ type: 'primary' })
     expect(wrapper.find(getTypeClass('primary')).exists()).toBeTruthy()
 
     await wrapper.setProps({ type: 'success' })
@@ -53,7 +65,7 @@ describe('button', () => {
   })
 
   it('size', async () => {
-    const wrapper = shallowMount(Button, { props: { size: 'small' } })
+    const wrapper = createShallowWrapper({ size: 'small' })
     expect(wrapper.find(getSizeClass('small')).exists()).toBeTruthy()
 
     await wrapper.setProps({ size: 'large' })
@@ -61,181 +73,84 @@ describe('button', () => {
   })
 
   it('round', async () => {
-    const wrapper = shallowMount(Button, { props: { round: true } })
+    const wrapper = createShallowWrapper({ round: true })
     expect(wrapper.find(roundClass).exists()).toBeTruthy()
   })
 
   it('circle', async () => {
-    const wrapper = shallowMount(Button, { props: { circle: true } })
+    const wrapper = createShallowWrapper({ circle: true })
     expect(wrapper.find(circleClass).exists()).toBeTruthy()
   })
 
-  it('disabled', async () => {
+  it('click events', async () => {
     const handleClick = vi.fn()
-    const wrapper = shallowMount(Button, { props: { disabled: true } })
-
-    // 检查是否应用了禁用样式类
-    const disabledClass = ns.m('disabled').substring(1) // 移除开头的点
-    expect(wrapper.find('button').classes()).toContain(disabledClass)
-
-    await wrapper.trigger('click')
-    expect(handleClick).not.toBeCalled()
-  })
-
-  it('emits click event when clicked', async () => {
-    const handleClick = vi.fn()
-    const wrapper = mount(Button, {
-      slots: {
-        default: 'Click me',
-      },
-      attrs: {
-        onClick: handleClick,
-      },
-    })
 
+    // Test normal click
+    const wrapper = createWrapper({}, { default: 'Click me' })
+    wrapper.element.addEventListener('click', handleClick)
     await wrapper.trigger('click')
     expect(handleClick).toBeCalled()
-
     wrapper.unmount()
-  })
-
-  it('does not emit click event when disabled', async () => {
-    const handleClick = vi.fn()
-    const wrapper = mount(Button, {
-      props: {
-        disabled: true,
-      },
-      slots: {
-        default: 'Click me',
-      },
-      attrs: {
-        onClick: handleClick,
-      },
-    })
 
-    await wrapper.trigger('click')
+    // Test disabled - no click
+    handleClick.mockClear()
+    const disabledWrapper = createWrapper({ disabled: true })
+    const disabledClass = ns.m('disabled').substring(1)
+    expect(disabledWrapper.find('button').classes()).toContain(disabledClass)
+    disabledWrapper.element.addEventListener('click', handleClick)
+    await disabledWrapper.trigger('click')
     expect(handleClick).not.toBeCalled()
-
-    wrapper.unmount()
+    disabledWrapper.unmount()
+
+    // Test loading - no click
+    handleClick.mockClear()
+    const loadingWrapper = createWrapper({ loading: true })
+    expect(loadingWrapper.find(loadingClass).exists()).toBeTruthy()
+    expect(loadingWrapper.find('button').attributes('disabled')).toBe('')
+    expect(loadingWrapper.find('button').classes()).toContain(disabledClass)
+    loadingWrapper.element.addEventListener('click', handleClick)
+    await loadingWrapper.trigger('click')
+    expect(handleClick).not.toBeCalled()
+    loadingWrapper.unmount()
   })
 
   it('renders icon slot when provided', () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(Button, {
-      slots: {
-        icon: '<i class="cc-icon-heart"></i>',
-        default: 'Like',
-      },
+    const wrapper = createWrapper({}, {
+      icon: '<i class="cc-icon-heart"></i>',
+      default: 'Like',
     })
-
     expect(wrapper.find('.cc-icon-heart').exists()).toBe(true)
-
     wrapper.unmount()
   })
 
   it('applies plain style when plain prop is true', async () => {
-    const wrapper = shallowMount(Button, {
-      props: {
-        type: 'primary',
-        plain: true,
-      },
-    })
-
+    const wrapper = createShallowWrapper({ type: 'primary', plain: true })
     expect(wrapper.find(ns.m('plain-primary')).exists()).toBeTruthy()
-
     wrapper.unmount()
   })
 
   it('sets nativeType attribute correctly', () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(Button, {
-      props: {
-        nativeType: 'submit',
-      },
-      slots: {
-        default: 'Submit',
-      },
-    })
-
+    const wrapper = createWrapper({ nativeType: 'submit' }, { default: 'Submit' })
     expect(wrapper.find('button').attributes('type')).toBe('submit')
-
     wrapper.unmount()
   })
 
   it('sets autofocus attribute when autofocus is true', () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(Button, {
-      props: {
-        autofocus: true,
-      },
-      slots: {
-        default: 'Focus',
-      },
-    })
-
+    const wrapper = createWrapper({ autofocus: true }, { default: 'Focus' })
     expect(wrapper.find('button').attributes('autofocus')).toBe('')
-
-    wrapper.unmount()
-  })
-
-  it('shows loading state when loading prop is true', async () => {
-    const wrapper = shallowMount(Button, { props: { loading: true } })
-    expect(wrapper.find(loadingClass).exists()).toBeTruthy()
-    expect(wrapper.find('button').attributes('disabled')).toBe('')
-
-    // 检查是否应用了禁用样式类
-    const disabledClass = ns.m('disabled').substring(1) // 移除开头的点
-    expect(wrapper.find('button').classes()).toContain(disabledClass)
-
-    wrapper.unmount()
-  })
-
-  it('does not emit click event when loading', async () => {
-    const handleClick = vi.fn()
-    const wrapper = mount(Button, {
-      props: {
-        loading: true,
-      },
-      slots: {
-        default: 'Loading',
-      },
-      attrs: {
-        onClick: handleClick,
-      },
-    })
-
-    await wrapper.trigger('click')
-    expect(handleClick).not.toBeCalled()
-
     wrapper.unmount()
   })
 
   it('renders icon when icon prop is provided', () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(Button, {
-      props: {
-        icon: 'cc-icon-star',
-      },
-      slots: {
-        default: 'Star',
-      },
-    })
-
+    const wrapper = createWrapper({ icon: 'cc-icon-star' }, { default: 'Star' })
     expect(wrapper.find('.cc-icon-star').exists()).toBe(true)
-
     wrapper.unmount()
   })
 
   it('renders loading icon when loading is true', () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(Button, {
-      props: {
-        loading: true,
-      },
-      slots: {
-        default: 'Loading',
-      },
-    })
-
+    const wrapper = createWrapper({ loading: true }, { default: 'Loading' })
     expect(wrapper.find(ns.e('loading-icon')).exists()).toBe(true)
-    // 验证加载图标是空的span元素
     expect(wrapper.find(ns.e('loading-icon')).text()).toBe('')
-
     wrapper.unmount()
   })
 })
diff --git a/packages/ccui/ui/calendar/test/calendar.test.ts b/packages/ccui/ui/calendar/test/calendar.test.ts
index 12c1e758..e0876d56 100644
--- a/packages/ccui/ui/calendar/test/calendar.test.ts
+++ b/packages/ccui/ui/calendar/test/calendar.test.ts
@@ -10,159 +10,77 @@ const dayClass = ns.em('day-box', 'day')
 const currentDateClass = '.current-date'
 const headerClass = ns.e('header')
 
-describe('calendar', () => {
-  it('dom', () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(Calendar, {
-      props: { modelValue: new Date() },
-      global: {
-        components: {
-          CButton: Button,
-        },
+// 测试辅助函数
+function createWrapper(props = {}, slots = {}) {
+  return mount(Calendar, {
+    props: {
+      modelValue: new Date(),
+      ...props,
+    },
+    slots,
+    global: {
+      components: {
+        CButton: Button,
       },
-    })
+    },
+  })
+}
 
-    // 元素是否存在
+describe('calendar', () => {
+  it('dom', () => {
+    const wrapper = createWrapper()
     expect(wrapper.find(baseClass).exists()).toBeTruthy()
-
-    // 日期生成是否正确
     expect(wrapper.findAll(dayClass).length).toBe(42)
-
     wrapper.unmount()
   })
 
   it('props', async () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(Calendar, {
-      props: { modelValue: new Date() },
-      global: {
-        components: {
-          CButton: Button,
-        },
-      },
-    })
-
+    const wrapper = createWrapper()
     const testDate = new Date(2022, 9, 10) // 2022-10-10
     await wrapper.setProps({ modelValue: testDate })
-
     expect(wrapper.find(currentDateClass).text()).toBe('10')
-
     wrapper.unmount()
   })
 
   it('slots', async () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(Calendar, {
-      props: { modelValue: new Date() },
-      slots: {
-        dateCell: `<template #dateCell="{isSelected, date, day}">
+    const wrapper = createWrapper({}, {
+      dateCell: `<template #dateCell="{isSelected, date, day}">
             {{isSelected ? '当前选中日期' : day}}
           </template>`,
-      },
-      global: {
-        components: {
-          CButton: Button,
-        },
-      },
     })
-
-    // slot 元素正确加载
     expect(wrapper.find(currentDateClass).exists()).toBeTruthy()
-
-    // slot 内容正确渲染
     expect(wrapper.find(currentDateClass).text()).toBe('当前选中日期')
-
     wrapper.unmount()
   })
 
   it('event', async () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(Calendar, {
-      props: { modelValue: new Date() },
-      global: {
-        components: {
-          CButton: Button,
-        },
-      },
-    })
-
-    // 断言 change 事件是否正确触发
-    // 获取第一个日期
+    const wrapper = createWrapper()
     const firstDate = wrapper.find(dayClass).text()
-
-    // 以第一个 day 元素触发 click 事件更新选中数据
     await wrapper.find(dayClass).trigger('click')
-
-    // 验证是否触发emit事件
     expect(wrapper.emitted('change')).toBeTruthy()
-
-    // 获取当前选中数据进行比对
     expect(wrapper.find(currentDateClass).text()).toBe(firstDate)
-
     wrapper.unmount()
   })
 
-  it('switches to next month', async () => {
+  it('month navigation', async () => {
     const testDate = new Date(2022, 9, 10) // 2022-10-10
-    const expectedNextMonth = '2022-11'
+    const wrapper = createWrapper({ modelValue: testDate })
 
-    const wrapper = mount(Calendar, {
-      props: { modelValue: testDate },
-      global: {
-        components: {
-          CButton: Button,
-        },
-      },
-    })
-
-    // 点击下个月按钮 (第三个按钮)
-    const buttons = wrapper.find(headerClass).findAllComponents(Button)
+    // Test next month
+    let buttons = wrapper.find(headerClass).findAllComponents(Button)
     await buttons[2].trigger('click')
+    expect(wrapper.find(headerClass).text()).toContain('2022-11')
 
-    // 验证月份是否正确更新
-    expect(wrapper.find(headerClass).text()).toContain(expectedNextMonth)
-
-    wrapper.unmount()
-  })
-
-  it('switches to previous month', async () => {
-    const testDate = new Date(2022, 9, 10) // 2022-10-10
-    const expectedPrevMonth = '2022-09'
-
-    const wrapper = mount(Calendar, {
-      props: { modelValue: testDate },
-      global: {
-        components: {
-          CButton: Button,
-        },
-      },
-    })
-
-    // 点击上个月按钮 (第一个按钮)
-    const buttons = wrapper.find(headerClass).findAllComponents(Button)
+    // Test previous month (from November back to October)
+    buttons = wrapper.find(headerClass).findAllComponents(Button)
     await buttons[0].trigger('click')
+    expect(wrapper.find(headerClass).text()).toContain('2022-10')
 
-    // 验证月份是否正确更新
-    expect(wrapper.find(headerClass).text()).toContain(expectedPrevMonth)
-
-    wrapper.unmount()
-  })
-
-  it('navigates to today', async () => {
-    const testDate = new Date(2022, 9, 10) // 2022-10-10
+    // Test today button
+    buttons = wrapper.find(headerClass).findAllComponents(Button)
+    await buttons[1].trigger('click')
     const today = new Date()
     const todayMonth = `${today.getFullYear()}-${String(today.getMonth() + 1).padStart(2, '0')}`
-
-    const wrapper = mount(Calendar, {
-      props: { modelValue: testDate },
-      global: {
-        components: {
-          CButton: Button,
-        },
-      },
-    })
-
-    // 点击今天按钮 (第二个按钮)
-    const buttons = wrapper.find(headerClass).findAllComponents(Button)
-    await buttons[1].trigger('click')
-
-    // 验证月份是否正确更新为当前月份
     expect(wrapper.find(headerClass).text()).toContain(todayMonth)
 
     wrapper.unmount()
@@ -170,60 +88,30 @@ describe('calendar', () => {
 
   it('highlights current date', async () => {
     const today = new Date()
-    const wrapper = mount(Calendar, {
-      props: { modelValue: today },
-      global: {
-        components: {
-          CButton: Button,
-        },
-      },
-    })
-
-    // 验证当前日期是否有高亮类
+    const wrapper = createWrapper({ modelValue: today })
     expect(wrapper.find(currentDateClass).exists()).toBeTruthy()
-
     wrapper.unmount()
   })
 
   it('works in read-only mode', async () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(Calendar, {
-      props: {
-        modelValue: new Date(2022, 9, 10), // 2022-10-10
-        readOnly: true,
-      },
-      global: {
-        components: {
-          CButton: Button,
-        },
-      },
+    const wrapper = createWrapper({
+      modelValue: new Date(2022, 9, 10),
+      readOnly: true,
     })
-
-    // 验证是否应用了只读属性
     expect(wrapper.props().readOnly).toBe(true)
-
     wrapper.unmount()
   })
 
   it('renders correct dates for month', async () => {
     const testDate = new Date(2022, 9, 10) // 2022-10-10
-    const wrapper = mount(Calendar, {
-      props: { modelValue: testDate },
-      global: {
-        components: {
-          CButton: Button,
-        },
-      },
-    })
+    const wrapper = createWrapper({ modelValue: testDate })
 
-    // 验证10月份有31天
     const days = wrapper.findAll(dayClass)
     expect(days.length).toBe(42) // 6周 x 7天
 
-    // 验证10月1日存在
     const firstDay = days.find(day => day.text() === '1')
     expect(firstDay).toBeTruthy()
 
-    // 验证10月31日存在
     const lastDay = days.find(day => day.text() === '31')
     expect(lastDay).toBeTruthy()
 
@@ -231,39 +119,19 @@ describe('calendar', () => {
   })
 
   it('renders custom header when header slot is provided', () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(Calendar, {
-      props: { modelValue: new Date() },
-      slots: {
-        header: `<template #header="{ currentDate }">
+    const wrapper = createWrapper({}, {
+      header: `<template #header="{ currentDate }">
             <div class="custom-header">Custom Header - {{ currentDate }}</div>
           </template>`,
-      },
-      global: {
-        components: {
-          CButton: Button,
-        },
-      },
     })
-
-    // 验证自定义 header 是否正确渲染
     expect(wrapper.find('.custom-header').exists()).toBeTruthy()
-
     wrapper.unmount()
   })
 
   it('correctly handles month boundaries', () => {
-    // 测试月份切换时的边界情况
     const testDate = new Date(2022, 0, 15) // 2022-01-15
-    const wrapper = mount(Calendar, {
-      props: { modelValue: testDate },
-      global: {
-        components: {
-          CButton: Button,
-        },
-      },
-    })
+    const wrapper = createWrapper({ modelValue: testDate })
 
-    // 2022年1月有31天，应该显示在日历中
     const days = wrapper.findAll(dayClass)
     const lastDay = days.find(day => day.text() === '31')
     expect(lastDay).toBeTruthy()
diff --git a/packages/ccui/ui/input-number/test/input-number.test.ts b/packages/ccui/ui/input-number/test/input-number.test.ts
index 76a59a79..3a5c198a 100644
--- a/packages/ccui/ui/input-number/test/input-number.test.ts
+++ b/packages/ccui/ui/input-number/test/input-number.test.ts
@@ -3,31 +3,28 @@ import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
 import { nextTick } from 'vue'
 import { InputNumber } from '../index'
 
+// 测试辅助函数
+function createWrapper(props = {}) {
+  return mount(InputNumber, {
+    props,
+  })
+}
+
 describe('inputNumber', () => {
   it('should render correctly', () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(InputNumber)
+    const wrapper = createWrapper()
     expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-input-number').exists()).toBe(true)
     expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-input-number__inner').exists()).toBe(true)
   })
 
   it('should support v-model', async () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(InputNumber, {
-      props: {
-        modelValue: 5,
-      },
-    })
-
+    const wrapper = createWrapper({ modelValue: 5 })
     const input = wrapper.find('.ccui-input-number__inner')
     expect((input.element as HTMLInputElement).value).toBe('5')
   })
 
   it('should handle input change', async () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(InputNumber, {
-      props: {
-        modelValue: 0,
-      },
-    })
-
+    const wrapper = createWrapper({ modelValue: 0 })
     const input = wrapper.find('.ccui-input-number__inner')
     await input.setValue('10')
     await input.trigger('input')
@@ -38,13 +35,7 @@ describe('inputNumber', () => {
   })
 
   it('should handle increase and decrease', async () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(InputNumber, {
-      props: {
-        modelValue: 5,
-        step: 2,
-      },
-    })
-
+    const wrapper = createWrapper({ modelValue: 5, step: 2 })
     const increaseBtn = wrapper.find('.ccui-input-number__increase')
     const decreaseBtn = wrapper.find('.ccui-input-number__decrease')
 
@@ -56,14 +47,7 @@ describe('inputNumber', () => {
   })
 
   it('should respect min and max limits', async () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(InputNumber, {
-      props: {
-        modelValue: 5,
-        min: 0,
-        max: 10,
-      },
-    })
-
+    const wrapper = createWrapper({ modelValue: 5, min: 0, max: 10 })
     const input = wrapper.find('.ccui-input-number__inner')
 
     // Test max limit
@@ -73,14 +57,7 @@ describe('inputNumber', () => {
     expect(wrapper.emitted('update:modelValue')?.[0]).toEqual([10])
 
     // Reset wrapper to test min limit separately
-    const wrapper2 = mount(InputNumber, {
-      props: {
-        modelValue: 5,
-        min: 0,
-        max: 10,
-      },
-    })
-
+    const wrapper2 = createWrapper({ modelValue: 5, min: 0, max: 10 })
     const input2 = wrapper2.find('.ccui-input-number__inner')
 
     // Test min limit
@@ -91,26 +68,13 @@ describe('inputNumber', () => {
   })
 
   it('should handle precision', async () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(InputNumber, {
-      props: {
-        modelValue: 1.234,
-        precision: 2,
-      },
-    })
-
+    const wrapper = createWrapper({ modelValue: 1.234567, precision: 2 })
     const input = wrapper.find('.ccui-input-number__inner')
     expect((input.element as HTMLInputElement).value).toBe('1.23')
   })
 
   it('should disable buttons when reaching limits', async () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(InputNumber, {
-      props: {
-        modelValue: 10,
-        min: 0,
-        max: 10,
-      },
-    })
-
+    const wrapper = createWrapper({ modelValue: 10, min: 0, max: 10 })
     const increaseBtn = wrapper.find('.ccui-input-number__increase')
     const decreaseBtn = wrapper.find('.ccui-input-number__decrease')
 
@@ -122,12 +86,7 @@ describe('inputNumber', () => {
   })
 
   it('should handle disabled state', async () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(InputNumber, {
-      props: {
-        modelValue: 5,
-        disabled: true,
-      },
-    })
+    const wrapper = createWrapper({ modelValue: 5, disabled: true })
 
     expect(wrapper.classes()).toContain('ccui-input-number--disabled')
 
@@ -140,12 +99,7 @@ describe('inputNumber', () => {
   })
 
   it('should handle readonly state', async () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(InputNumber, {
-      props: {
-        modelValue: 5,
-        readonly: true,
-      },
-    })
+    const wrapper = createWrapper({ modelValue: 5, readonly: true })
 
     expect(wrapper.classes()).toContain('ccui-input-number--readonly')
 
@@ -154,12 +108,7 @@ describe('inputNumber', () => {
   })
 
   it('should support different sizes', async () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(InputNumber, {
-      props: {
-        size: 'lg',
-      },
-    })
-
+    const wrapper = createWrapper({ size: 'lg' })
     expect(wrapper.classes()).toContain('ccui-input-number--lg')
 
     await wrapper.setProps({ size: 'sm' })
@@ -167,22 +116,14 @@ describe('inputNumber', () => {
   })
 
   it('should handle controls position', async () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(InputNumber, {
-      props: {
-        controlsPosition: 'right',
-      },
-    })
+    const wrapper = createWrapper({ controlsPosition: 'right' })
 
     expect(wrapper.classes()).toContain('ccui-input-number--controls-right')
     expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-input-number__controls').exists()).toBe(true)
   })
 
   it('should hide controls when controls is false', async () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(InputNumber, {
-      props: {
-        controls: false,
-      },
-    })
+    const wrapper = createWrapper({ controls: false })
 
     expect(wrapper.classes()).toContain('ccui-input-number--without-controls')
     expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-input-number__increase').exists()).toBe(false)
@@ -190,13 +131,7 @@ describe('inputNumber', () => {
   })
 
   it('should handle keyboard events', async () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(InputNumber, {
-      props: {
-        modelValue: 5,
-        step: 1,
-      },
-    })
-
+    const wrapper = createWrapper({ modelValue: 5, step: 1 })
     const input = wrapper.find('.ccui-input-number__inner')
 
     await input.trigger('keydown', { key: 'ArrowUp' })
@@ -207,7 +142,7 @@ describe('inputNumber', () => {
   })
 
   it('should handle focus and blur events', async () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(InputNumber)
+    const wrapper = createWrapper()
     const input = wrapper.find('.ccui-input-number__inner')
 
     await input.trigger('focus')
@@ -219,12 +154,7 @@ describe('inputNumber', () => {
   })
 
   it('should handle allowEmpty option', async () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(InputNumber, {
-      props: {
-        allowEmpty: true,
-      },
-    })
-
+    const wrapper = createWrapper({ allowEmpty: true })
     const input = wrapper.find('.ccui-input-number__inner')
     await input.setValue('')
     await input.trigger('change')
@@ -232,8 +162,16 @@ describe('inputNumber', () => {
     expect(wrapper.emitted('update:modelValue')?.[0]).toEqual([undefined])
   })
 
+  it('should support custom step', async () => {
+    const wrapper = createWrapper({ modelValue: 0, step: 0.1, precision: 1 })
+    const increaseBtn = wrapper.find('.ccui-input-number__increase')
+    await increaseBtn.trigger('click')
+
+    expect(wrapper.emitted('update:modelValue')?.[0]).toEqual([0.1])
+  })
+
   it('should expose methods', () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(InputNumber)
+    const wrapper = createWrapper()
     const vm = wrapper.vm as any
 
     expect(typeof vm.getValue).toBe('function')
@@ -243,49 +181,4 @@ describe('inputNumber', () => {
     expect(typeof vm.increase).toBe('function')
     expect(typeof vm.decrease).toBe('function')
   })
-
-  it('应该正确处理精度设置', async () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(InputNumber, {
-      props: {
-        modelValue: 1.234567,
-        precision: 2,
-      },
-    })
-
-    const input = wrapper.find('input')
-    expect(input.element.value).toBe('1.23')
-  })
-
-  it('应该支持自定义步长', async () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(InputNumber, {
-      props: {
-        modelValue: 0,
-        step: 0.1,
-        precision: 1,
-      },
-    })
-
-    const increaseBtn = wrapper.find('.ccui-input-number__increase')
-    await increaseBtn.trigger('click')
-
-    expect(wrapper.emitted('update:modelValue')?.[0]).toEqual([0.1])
-  })
-
-  it('应该在达到边界值时禁用按钮', async () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(InputNumber, {
-      props: {
-        modelValue: 10,
-        min: 0,
-        max: 10,
-      },
-    })
-
-    const increaseBtn = wrapper.find('.ccui-input-number__increase')
-    const decreaseBtn = wrapper.find('.ccui-input-number__decrease')
-
-    expect(increaseBtn.classes()).toContain('is-disabled')
-
-    await wrapper.setProps({ modelValue: 0 })
-    expect(decreaseBtn.classes()).toContain('is-disabled')
-  })
 })
diff --git a/packages/ccui/ui/input/test/input.test.ts b/packages/ccui/ui/input/test/input.test.ts
index 0e97b37c..68c3e7dc 100644
--- a/packages/ccui/ui/input/test/input.test.ts
+++ b/packages/ccui/ui/input/test/input.test.ts
@@ -11,25 +11,25 @@ function getSizeClass(type: InputSize) {
   return ns.em('wrapper', type)
 }
 
+// 测试辅助函数
+function createWrapper(props = {}) {
+  return mount(Input, { props })
+}
+
+function createShallowWrapper(props = {}) {
+  return shallowMount(Input, { props })
+}
+
 describe('input', () => {
   it('dom', () => {
-    const wrapper = shallowMount(Input, {
-      props: {
-        modelValue: 'test',
-      },
-    })
-
-    // 元素是否存在
+    const wrapper = createShallowWrapper({ modelValue: 'test' })
     expect(wrapper.find(baseClass).exists()).toBeTruthy()
-
-    // 输入框是否存在
     expect(wrapper.find('input').exists()).toBeTruthy()
-
     wrapper.unmount()
   })
 
   it('type', async () => {
-    const wrapper = shallowMount(Input, { props: { type: 'text' } })
+    const wrapper = createShallowWrapper({ type: 'text' })
     expect(wrapper.find('input').attributes('type')).toBe('text')
 
     await wrapper.setProps({ type: 'password' })
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ describe('input', () => {
   })
 
   it('size', async () => {
-    const wrapper = shallowMount(Input, { props: { size: 'small' } })
+    const wrapper = createShallowWrapper({ size: 'small' })
     expect(wrapper.find(getSizeClass('small')).exists()).toBeTruthy()
 
     await wrapper.setProps({ size: 'large' })
@@ -45,159 +45,99 @@ describe('input', () => {
   })
 
   it('placeholder', async () => {
-    const wrapper = shallowMount(Input, { props: { placeholder: '请输入内容' } })
+    const wrapper = createShallowWrapper({ placeholder: '请输入内容' })
     expect(wrapper.find('input').attributes('placeholder')).toBe('请输入内容')
   })
 
   it('disabled', async () => {
-    const wrapper = shallowMount(Input, { props: { disabled: true } })
-
-    // 检查是否应用了禁用样式类
-    const disabledClass = ns.m('disabled').substring(1) // 移除开头的点
+    const wrapper = createShallowWrapper({ disabled: true })
+    const disabledClass = ns.m('disabled').substring(1)
     expect(wrapper.find('input').classes()).toContain(disabledClass)
-
-    // 检查是否应用了禁用属性
     expect(wrapper.find('input').attributes('disabled')).toBe('')
   })
 
   it('readonly', async () => {
-    const wrapper = shallowMount(Input, { props: { readonly: true } })
-
-    // 检查是否应用了只读属性
+    const wrapper = createShallowWrapper({ readonly: true })
     expect(wrapper.find('input').attributes('readonly')).toBe('')
   })
 
   it('clearable', async () => {
-    const wrapper = shallowMount(Input, { props: { clearable: true, modelValue: 'test' } })
-
-    // 检查是否显示清空图标
+    const wrapper = createShallowWrapper({ clearable: true, modelValue: 'test' })
     expect(wrapper.find(ns.e('clear')).exists()).toBeTruthy()
   })
 
   it('prepend', async () => {
-    const wrapper = shallowMount(Input, { props: { prepend: 'http://' } })
-
-    // 检查是否显示前置内容
+    const wrapper = createShallowWrapper({ prepend: 'http://' })
     expect(wrapper.find(ns.e('prepend')).exists()).toBeTruthy()
     expect(wrapper.find(ns.e('prepend')).text()).toBe('http://')
   })
 
   it('append', async () => {
-    const wrapper = shallowMount(Input, { props: { append: '.com' } })
-
-    // 检查是否显示后置内容
+    const wrapper = createShallowWrapper({ append: '.com' })
     expect(wrapper.find(ns.e('append')).exists()).toBeTruthy()
     expect(wrapper.find(ns.e('append')).text()).toBe('.com')
   })
 
   it('emits input event when input value changes', async () => {
     const handleInput = vi.fn()
-    const wrapper = mount(Input, {
-      attrs: {
-        onInput: handleInput,
-      },
-    })
-
+    const wrapper = createWrapper({ onInput: handleInput })
     const input = wrapper.find('input')
     await input.setValue('test')
     expect(handleInput).toBeCalled()
-
     wrapper.unmount()
   })
 
   it('emits change event when input value changes and loses focus', async () => {
     const handleChange = vi.fn()
-    const wrapper = mount(Input, {
-      attrs: {
-        onChange: handleChange,
-      },
-    })
-
+    const wrapper = createWrapper({ onChange: handleChange })
     const input = wrapper.find('input')
     await input.setValue('test')
     await input.trigger('change')
     expect(handleChange).toBeCalled()
-
     wrapper.unmount()
   })
 
-  it('emits focus event when input is focused', async () => {
+  it('emits focus and blur events', async () => {
     const handleFocus = vi.fn()
-    const wrapper = mount(Input, {
-      attrs: {
-        onFocus: handleFocus,
-      },
-    })
-
-    const input = wrapper.find('input')
-    await input.trigger('focus')
-    expect(handleFocus).toBeCalled()
-
-    wrapper.unmount()
-  })
-
-  it('emits blur event when input loses focus', async () => {
     const handleBlur = vi.fn()
-    const wrapper = mount(Input, {
-      attrs: {
-        onBlur: handleBlur,
-      },
-    })
-
+    const wrapper = createWrapper({ onFocus: handleFocus, onBlur: handleBlur })
     const input = wrapper.find('input')
     await input.trigger('focus')
+    expect(handleFocus).toBeCalled()
     await input.trigger('blur')
     expect(handleBlur).toBeCalled()
-
     wrapper.unmount()
   })
 
   it('clears input value when clear icon is clicked', async () => {
     const handleClear = vi.fn()
-    const wrapper = mount(Input, {
-      props: {
-        clearable: true,
-        modelValue: 'test',
-      },
-      attrs: {
-        onClear: handleClear,
-      },
+    const wrapper = createWrapper({
+      clearable: true,
+      modelValue: 'test',
+      onClear: handleClear,
     })
-
     const clearIcon = wrapper.find(ns.e('clear'))
     await clearIcon.trigger('click')
     expect(handleClear).toBeCalled()
-
-    // 检查输入框值是否被清空
     expect(wrapper.find('input').element.value).toBe('')
-
     wrapper.unmount()
   })
 
   it('toggles password visibility when showPassword is true', async () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(Input, {
-      props: {
-        type: 'password',
-        showPassword: true,
-        modelValue: 'test',
-      },
+    const wrapper = createWrapper({
+      type: 'password',
+      showPassword: true,
+      modelValue: 'test',
     })
 
-    // 检查是否显示密码切换图标
     expect(wrapper.find(ns.e('password-hidden')).exists()).toBeTruthy()
 
-    // 点击密码切换图标
     const passwordIcon = wrapper.find(ns.e('password-hidden'))
     await passwordIcon.trigger('click')
-
-    // 检查密码是否变为可见
     expect(wrapper.find(ns.e('password-visible')).exists()).toBeTruthy()
 
-    // 再次点击密码切换图标
     const passwordIcon2 = wrapper.find(ns.e('password-visible'))
     await passwordIcon2.trigger('click')
-
-    // 检查密码是否变为隐藏
     expect(wrapper.find(ns.e('password-hidden')).exists()).toBeTruthy()
 
     wrapper.unmount()
diff --git a/packages/ccui/ui/popover/test/popover.test.ts b/packages/ccui/ui/popover/test/popover.test.ts
index ae98a486..40a510b2 100644
--- a/packages/ccui/ui/popover/test/popover.test.ts
+++ b/packages/ccui/ui/popover/test/popover.test.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,33 @@ import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
 import { nextTick } from 'vue'
 import { Popover } from '../index'
 
+// 测试辅助函数
+function createWrapper(props = {}, slots = {}) {
+  return mount(Popover, {
+    props: {
+      teleported: false,
+      ...props,
+    },
+    slots: {
+      default: '<button>Trigger</button>',
+      ...slots,
+    },
+  })
+}
+
+function createShallowWrapper(props = {}, slots = {}) {
+  return shallowMount(Popover, {
+    props: {
+      teleported: false,
+      ...props,
+    },
+    slots: {
+      default: '<button>Trigger</button>',
+      ...slots,
+    },
+  })
+}
+
 describe('popover', () => {
   let wrapper: any
 
@@ -28,27 +55,17 @@ describe('popover', () => {
 
   describe('基础功能', () => {
     it('正确渲染组件', () => {
-      wrapper = shallowMount(Popover, {
-        slots: {
-          default: '<button>Trigger</button>',
-        },
-      })
+      wrapper = createShallowWrapper()
       expect(wrapper.exists()).toBe(true)
       expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-popover').exists()).toBe(true)
       expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-popover__trigger').exists()).toBe(true)
     })
 
     it('显示内容与标题', async () => {
-      wrapper = mount(Popover, {
-        props: {
-          title: 'Title',
-          content: 'Popover content',
-          visible: true,
-          teleported: false, // 测试中禁用 teleport，以便在组件内部查找元素
-        },
-        slots: {
-          default: '<button>Trigger</button>',
-        },
+      wrapper = createWrapper({
+        title: 'Title',
+        content: 'Popover content',
+        visible: true,
       })
       await nextTick()
       expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-popover__popper').exists()).toBe(true)
@@ -57,148 +74,85 @@ describe('popover', () => {
     })
 
     it('支持插槽内容', async () => {
-      wrapper = mount(Popover, {
-        props: {
-          visible: true,
-          teleported: false, // 测试中禁用 teleport，以便在组件内部查找元素
-        },
-        slots: {
-          default: '<button>Trigger</button>',
+      wrapper = createWrapper(
+        { visible: true },
+        {
           title: '<div class="custom-title">Custom Title</div>',
           content: '<div class="custom-content">Custom content</div>',
         },
-      })
+      )
       await nextTick()
       expect(wrapper.find('.custom-title').exists()).toBe(true)
       expect(wrapper.find('.custom-content').exists()).toBe(true)
     })
 
     it('支持 HTML 内容', async () => {
-      wrapper = mount(Popover, {
-        props: {
-          content: '<strong>Bold</strong>',
-          rawContent: true,
-          visible: true,
-          teleported: false, // 测试中禁用 teleport，以便在组件内部查找元素
-        },
-        slots: {
-          default: '<button>Trigger</button>',
-        },
+      wrapper = createWrapper({
+        content: '<strong>Bold</strong>',
+        rawContent: true,
+        visible: true,
       })
       await nextTick()
       expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-popover__content strong').exists()).toBe(true)
     })
 
     it('支持设置宽度', async () => {
-      wrapper = mount(Popover, {
-        props: {
-          content: 'W',
-          width: '200px',
-          visible: true,
-          teleported: false, // 测试中禁用 teleport，以便在组件内部查找元素
-        },
-        slots: {
-          default: '<button>Trigger</button>',
-        },
+      wrapper = createWrapper({
+        content: 'W',
+        width: '200px',
+        visible: true,
       })
       await nextTick()
-      const popper = wrapper.find('.ccui-popover__popper')
-      expect(popper.element.style.width).toBe('200px')
+      expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-popover__popper').element.style.width).toBe('200px')
     })
   })
 
   describe('主题与样式', () => {
-    it('应用 light 主题', async () => {
-      wrapper = mount(Popover, {
-        props: {
-          content: 'Test',
-          effect: 'light',
-          visible: true,
-          teleported: false, // 测试中禁用 teleport，以便在组件内部查找元素
-        },
-        slots: {
-          default: '<button>Trigger</button>',
-        },
+    it.each([
+      ['light', 'ccui-popover__popper--light'],
+      ['dark', 'ccui-popover__popper--dark'],
+    ])('应用 %s 主题', async (effect, expectedClass) => {
+      wrapper = createWrapper({
+        content: 'Test',
+        effect: effect as any,
+        visible: true,
       })
       await nextTick()
-      expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-popover__popper--light').exists()).toBe(true)
-    })
-
-    it('应用 dark 主题', async () => {
-      wrapper = mount(Popover, {
-        props: {
-          content: 'Test',
-          effect: 'dark',
-          visible: true,
-          teleported: false, // 测试中禁用 teleport，以便在组件内部查找元素
-        },
-        slots: {
-          default: '<button>Trigger</button>',
-        },
-      })
-      await nextTick()
-      expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-popover__popper--dark').exists()).toBe(true)
+      expect(wrapper.find(`.${expectedClass}`).exists()).toBe(true)
     })
 
     it('应用位置样式', async () => {
       const placements = ['top', 'bottom', 'left', 'right']
+      wrapper = createWrapper({
+        content: 'Test',
+        placement: 'top',
+        visible: true,
+      })
+
       for (const placement of placements) {
-        wrapper = mount(Popover, {
-          props: {
-            content: 'Test',
-            placement: placement as any,
-            visible: true,
-            teleported: false, // 测试中禁用 teleport，以便在组件内部查找元素
-          },
-          slots: {
-            default: '<button>Trigger</button>',
-          },
-        })
+        await wrapper.setProps({ placement: placement as any })
         await nextTick()
         expect(wrapper.find(`.ccui-popover__popper--${placement}`).exists()).toBe(true)
-        wrapper.unmount()
       }
     })
 
-    it('显示箭头', async () => {
-      wrapper = mount(Popover, {
-        props: {
-          content: 'Test',
-          showArrow: true,
-          visible: true,
-          teleported: false, // 测试中禁用 teleport，以便在组件内部查找元素
-        },
-        slots: { default: '<button>Trigger</button>' },
+    it.each([
+      [true, true],
+      [false, false],
+    ])('箭头显示状态: showArrow=%s', async (showArrow, shouldExist) => {
+      wrapper = createWrapper({
+        content: 'Test',
+        showArrow,
+        visible: true,
       })
       await nextTick()
-      expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-popover__arrow').exists()).toBe(true)
-    })
-
-    it('隐藏箭头', async () => {
-      wrapper = mount(Popover, {
-        props: {
-          content: 'Test',
-          showArrow: false,
-          visible: true,
-          teleported: false, // 测试中禁用 teleport，以便在组件内部查找元素
-        },
-        slots: { default: '<button>Trigger</button>' },
-      })
-      await nextTick()
-      expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-popover__arrow').exists()).toBe(false)
+      expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-popover__arrow').exists()).toBe(shouldExist)
     })
   })
 
   describe('交互功能', () => {
     it('点击时切换显示状态', async () => {
-      wrapper = mount(Popover, {
-        props: {
-          content: 'Test',
-          trigger: 'click',
-          teleported: false, // 测试中禁用 teleport，以便在组件内部查找元素
-        },
-        slots: { default: '<button>Trigger</button>' },
-      })
+      wrapper = createWrapper({ content: 'Test', trigger: 'click' })
       const trigger = wrapper.find('.ccui-popover__trigger')
       await trigger.trigger('click')
       await nextTick()
@@ -209,10 +163,7 @@ describe('popover', () => {
     })
 
     it('悬停时显示与隐藏', async () => {
-      wrapper = mount(Popover, {
-        props: { content: 'Test', trigger: 'hover', hideAfter: 0, teleported: false },
-        slots: { default: '<button>Trigger</button>' },
-      })
+      wrapper = createWrapper({ content: 'Test', trigger: 'hover', hideAfter: 0 })
       const trigger = wrapper.find('.ccui-popover__trigger')
       await trigger.trigger('mouseenter')
       await nextTick()
@@ -223,10 +174,10 @@ describe('popover', () => {
     })
 
     it('获得焦点时显示，失焦时隐藏', async () => {
-      wrapper = mount(Popover, {
-        props: { content: 'Test', trigger: 'focus', hideAfter: 0, teleported: false },
-        slots: { default: '<input type="text" />' },
-      })
+      wrapper = createWrapper(
+        { content: 'Test', trigger: 'focus', hideAfter: 0 },
+        { default: '<input type="text" />' },
+      )
       const trigger = wrapper.find('.ccui-popover__trigger')
       await trigger.trigger('focus')
       await nextTick()
@@ -239,10 +190,7 @@ describe('popover', () => {
 
   describe('禁用与延迟', () => {
     it('禁用时不显示', async () => {
-      wrapper = mount(Popover, {
-        props: { content: 'Test', disabled: true, trigger: 'hover', teleported: false },
-        slots: { default: '<button>Trigger</button>' },
-      })
+      wrapper = createWrapper({ content: 'Test', disabled: true, trigger: 'hover' })
       const trigger = wrapper.find('.ccui-popover__trigger')
       await trigger.trigger('mouseenter')
       await nextTick()
@@ -257,10 +205,7 @@ describe('popover', () => {
         vi.useRealTimers()
       })
       it('延迟显示', async () => {
-        wrapper = mount(Popover, {
-          props: { content: 'Test', trigger: 'hover', showAfter: 100, teleported: false },
-          slots: { default: '<button>Trigger</button>' },
-        })
+        wrapper = createWrapper({ content: 'Test', trigger: 'hover', showAfter: 100 })
         const trigger = wrapper.find('.ccui-popover__trigger')
         await trigger.trigger('mouseenter')
         await nextTick()
@@ -270,10 +215,7 @@ describe('popover', () => {
         expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-popover__popper').exists()).toBe(true)
       })
       it('延迟隐藏', async () => {
-        wrapper = mount(Popover, {
-          props: { content: 'Test', trigger: 'hover', hideAfter: 100, teleported: false },
-          slots: { default: '<button>Trigger</button>' },
-        })
+        wrapper = createWrapper({ content: 'Test', trigger: 'hover', hideAfter: 100 })
         const trigger = wrapper.find('.ccui-popover__trigger')
         await trigger.trigger('mouseenter')
         await nextTick()
@@ -294,17 +236,14 @@ describe('popover', () => {
       const show = vi.fn()
       const beforeHide = vi.fn()
       const hide = vi.fn()
-      wrapper = mount(Popover, {
-        props: {
-          'content': 'Test',
-          'trigger': 'hover',
-          'hideAfter': 0,
-          'onBefore-show': beforeShow,
-          'onShow': show,
-          'onBefore-hide': beforeHide,
-          'onHide': hide,
-        },
-        slots: { default: '<button>Trigger</button>' },
+      wrapper = createWrapper({
+        'content': 'Test',
+        'trigger': 'hover',
+        'hideAfter': 0,
+        'onBefore-show': beforeShow,
+        'onShow': show,
+        'onBefore-hide': beforeHide,
+        'onHide': hide,
       })
       const trigger = wrapper.find('.ccui-popover__trigger')
       await trigger.trigger('mouseenter')
@@ -318,10 +257,7 @@ describe('popover', () => {
     })
 
     it('aRIA 属性', async () => {
-      wrapper = mount(Popover, {
-        props: { content: 'Test', ariaLabel: 'Test popover', visible: true, teleported: false },
-        slots: { default: '<button>Trigger</button>' },
-      })
+      wrapper = createWrapper({ content: 'Test', ariaLabel: 'Test popover', visible: true })
       await nextTick()
       const trigger = wrapper.find('.ccui-popover__trigger')
       const popper = wrapper.find('.ccui-popover__popper')
@@ -383,10 +319,7 @@ describe('popover', () => {
 
   describe('新增功能测试', () => {
     it('右键菜单触发', async () => {
-      wrapper = mount(Popover, {
-        props: { content: 'Test', trigger: 'contextmenu', teleported: false },
-        slots: { default: '<button>Trigger</button>' },
-      })
+      wrapper = createWrapper({ content: 'Test', trigger: 'contextmenu' })
       const trigger = wrapper.find('.ccui-popover__trigger')
       await trigger.trigger('contextmenu')
       await nextTick()
@@ -416,10 +349,7 @@ describe('popover', () => {
 
     it('自动关闭功能', async () => {
       vi.useFakeTimers()
-      wrapper = mount(Popover, {
-        props: { content: 'Test', trigger: 'click', autoClose: 1000, teleported: false },
-        slots: { default: '<button>Trigger</button>' },
-      })
+      wrapper = createWrapper({ content: 'Test', trigger: 'click', autoClose: 1000 })
       const trigger = wrapper.find('.ccui-popover__trigger')
       await trigger.trigger('click')
       await nextTick()
@@ -432,10 +362,10 @@ describe('popover', () => {
     })
 
     it('键盘触发功能', async () => {
-      wrapper = mount(Popover, {
-        props: { content: 'Test', trigger: 'focus', triggerKeys: ['Enter', ' '], hideAfter: 0, teleported: false },
-        slots: { default: '<input type="text" />' },
-      })
+      wrapper = createWrapper(
+        { content: 'Test', trigger: 'focus', triggerKeys: ['Enter', ' '], hideAfter: 0 },
+        { default: '<input type="text" />' },
+      )
       const trigger = wrapper.find('.ccui-popover__trigger')
 
       // focus 事件会自动显示 popover
@@ -487,17 +417,13 @@ describe('popover', () => {
       const beforeLeave = vi.fn()
       const afterLeave = vi.fn()
 
-      wrapper = mount(Popover, {
-        props: {
-          'content': 'Test',
-          'trigger': 'click',
-          'teleported': false,
-          'onBefore-enter': beforeEnter,
-          'onAfter-enter': afterEnter,
-          'onBefore-leave': beforeLeave,
-          'onAfter-leave': afterLeave,
-        },
-        slots: { default: '<button>Trigger</button>' },
+      wrapper = createWrapper({
+        'content': 'Test',
+        'trigger': 'click',
+        'onBefore-enter': beforeEnter,
+        'onAfter-enter': afterEnter,
+        'onBefore-leave': beforeLeave,
+        'onAfter-leave': afterLeave,
       })
 
       const trigger = wrapper.find('.ccui-popover__trigger')
@@ -525,10 +451,7 @@ describe('popover', () => {
     })
 
     it('exposes methods', async () => {
-      wrapper = mount(Popover, {
-        props: { content: 'Test', visible: true, teleported: false },
-        slots: { default: '<button>Trigger</button>' },
-      })
+      wrapper = createWrapper({ content: 'Test', visible: true })
       await nextTick()
       expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-popover__popper').exists()).toBe(true)
 
@@ -537,10 +460,7 @@ describe('popover', () => {
       // 所以需要测试非受控模式
       wrapper.unmount()
 
-      wrapper = mount(Popover, {
-        props: { content: 'Test', teleported: false },
-        slots: { default: '<button>Trigger</button>' },
-      })
+      wrapper = createWrapper({ content: 'Test' })
 
       // 手动触发显示
       const trigger = wrapper.find('.ccui-popover__trigger')
diff --git a/packages/ccui/ui/rate/test/rate.test.ts b/packages/ccui/ui/rate/test/rate.test.ts
index d60d9797..27422839 100644
--- a/packages/ccui/ui/rate/test/rate.test.ts
+++ b/packages/ccui/ui/rate/test/rate.test.ts
@@ -7,78 +7,56 @@ const ns = useNamespace('rate', true)
 const baseClass = ns.b()
 const iconClass = ns.e('icon')
 
+// 测试辅助函数
+function createWrapper(props = {}, slots = {}) {
+  return mount(Rate, { props, slots })
+}
+
+function createShallowWrapper(props = {}) {
+  return shallowMount(Rate, { props })
+}
+
 describe('rate', () => {
   it('dom', async () => {
-    const wrapper = shallowMount(Rate)
-
+    const wrapper = createShallowWrapper()
     expect(wrapper.find(baseClass).exists()).toBeTruthy()
     wrapper.unmount()
   })
 
   it('props', async () => {
-    const wrapper = shallowMount(Rate, {
-      props: {
-        count: 10,
-      },
-    })
-
+    const wrapper = createShallowWrapper({ count: 10 })
     expect(wrapper.findAll(iconClass).length).toBe(10)
-
     wrapper.unmount()
   })
 
   it('event', async () => {
-    const wrapper = shallowMount(Rate, {
-      props: {
-        count: 10,
-      },
-    })
-
+    const wrapper = createShallowWrapper({ count: 10 })
     expect(wrapper.findAll(iconClass).length).toBe(10)
 
     const threeIcon = wrapper.findAll(iconClass)[2]
     await threeIcon.trigger('click')
-    // change 事件触发,icon 第三个 等于数字3
     expect(wrapper.emitted('change')?.[0]).toEqual([3])
     wrapper.unmount()
   })
 
   it('renders correct number of icons based on count prop', () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(Rate, {
-      props: {
-        count: 5,
-      },
-    })
-
+    const wrapper = createWrapper({ count: 5 })
     expect(wrapper.findAll(iconClass).length).toBe(5)
   })
 
   it('applies correct width to icons based on modelValue', async () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(Rate, {
-      props: {
-        modelValue: 3,
-      },
-    })
-
-    // 等待组件更新
+    const wrapper = createWrapper({ modelValue: 3 })
     await wrapper.vm.$nextTick()
 
     const icons = wrapper.findAll(iconClass)
-    // 前三个图标应该是100%宽度
     expect(icons[0].find(ns.m('active')).attributes('style')).toContain('width: 100%')
     expect(icons[1].find(ns.m('active')).attributes('style')).toContain('width: 100%')
     expect(icons[2].find(ns.m('active')).attributes('style')).toContain('width: 100%')
-    // 第四个图标应该是0%宽度
     expect(icons[3].find(ns.m('active')).attributes('style')).toContain('width: 0%')
   })
 
   it('emits change and update:modelValue events when clicked', async () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(Rate, {
-      props: {
-        count: 5,
-      },
-    })
-
+    const wrapper = createWrapper({ count: 5 })
     const thirdIcon = wrapper.findAll(iconClass)[2]
     await thirdIcon.trigger('click')
 
@@ -89,13 +67,7 @@ describe('rate', () => {
   })
 
   it('does not emit events when readOnly is true', async () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(Rate, {
-      props: {
-        readOnly: true,
-        count: 5,
-      },
-    })
-
+    const wrapper = createWrapper({ readOnly: true, count: 5 })
     const thirdIcon = wrapper.findAll(iconClass)[2]
     await thirdIcon.trigger('click')
 
@@ -104,27 +76,17 @@ describe('rate', () => {
   })
 
   it('applies custom color when provided', async () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(Rate, {
-      props: {
-        modelValue: 3,
-        color: '#ff0000',
-      },
-    })
-
-    // 等待组件更新
+    const wrapper = createWrapper({ modelValue: 3, color: '#ff0000' })
     await wrapper.vm.$nextTick()
 
     const activeIcon = wrapper.find(ns.m('active'))
-    // 检查是否包含颜色样式
     expect(activeIcon.attributes('style')).toContain('color: rgb(255, 0, 0)')
     expect(activeIcon.attributes('style')).toContain('#ff0000')
   })
 
   it('renders info slot when provided', () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(Rate, {
-      slots: {
-        info: '<div class="info-slot">Info Content</div>',
-      },
+    const wrapper = createWrapper({}, {
+      info: '<div class="info-slot">Info Content</div>',
     })
 
     expect(wrapper.find('.info-slot').exists()).toBe(true)
@@ -132,27 +94,16 @@ describe('rate', () => {
   })
 
   it('resets icon state on mouse leave', async () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(Rate, {
-      props: {
-        modelValue: 3,
-      },
-    })
-
-    // 等待组件更新
+    const wrapper = createWrapper({ modelValue: 3 })
     await wrapper.vm.$nextTick()
 
-    // 模拟鼠标移动到第5个图标
     const fifthIcon = wrapper.findAll(iconClass)[4]
     await fifthIcon.trigger('mousemove')
 
-    // 验证图标状态已更新
     const icons = wrapper.findAll(iconClass)
     expect(icons[4].find(ns.m('active')).attributes('style')).toContain('width: 100%')
 
-    // 模拟鼠标离开
     await wrapper.trigger('mouseleave')
-
-    // 验证图标状态重置为初始值
     expect(icons[4].find(ns.m('active')).attributes('style')).toContain('width: 0%')
   })
 })
diff --git a/packages/ccui/ui/slider/test/slider.test.ts b/packages/ccui/ui/slider/test/slider.test.ts
index 59e3a78e..43014e5b 100644
--- a/packages/ccui/ui/slider/test/slider.test.ts
+++ b/packages/ccui/ui/slider/test/slider.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { mount } from '@vue/test-utils'
-import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
 import { useNamespace } from '../../shared/hooks/use-namespace'
 import { Slider } from '../index'
 
@@ -12,8 +12,14 @@ const buttonClass = ns.e('button')
 describe('slider', () => {
   let wrapper: any
 
-  beforeEach(() => {
-    wrapper = null
+  // Helper function to create mock rect
+  const createMockRect = (width = 100, height = 32) => ({
+    left: 0,
+    width,
+    top: 0,
+    height,
+    right: width,
+    bottom: height,
   })
 
   it('dom', () => {
@@ -27,7 +33,7 @@ describe('slider', () => {
     wrapper.unmount()
   })
 
-  it('props - modelValue', async () => {
+  it('props - modelValue', () => {
     const modelValue = 50
     wrapper = mount(Slider, {
       props: {
@@ -83,11 +89,9 @@ describe('slider', () => {
       },
     })
 
-    // 需要触发悬停才能显示 tooltip
     const button = wrapper.find(ns.e('button'))
     await button.trigger('mouseenter')
 
-    // 使用 CTooltip 组件，检查 tooltip 是否存在
     const tooltipComponent = wrapper.findComponent({ name: 'CTooltip' })
     expect(tooltipComponent.exists()).toBe(true)
     expect(tooltipComponent.props('visible')).toBe(true)
@@ -102,7 +106,6 @@ describe('slider', () => {
       },
     })
 
-    // tooltip 组件不应该存在
     const tooltipComponent = wrapper.findComponent({ name: 'CTooltip' })
     expect(tooltipComponent.exists()).toBe(false)
     wrapper.unmount()
@@ -130,7 +133,6 @@ describe('slider', () => {
       },
     })
 
-    // InputNumber 组件内部有控制按钮
     expect(wrapper.find(ns.e('input-number')).exists()).toBe(true)
     wrapper.unmount()
   })
@@ -169,7 +171,6 @@ describe('slider', () => {
       },
     })
 
-    // tooltip 组件应该存在但不显示内容
     const tooltipComponent = wrapper.findComponent({ name: 'CTooltip' })
     expect(tooltipComponent.exists()).toBe(true)
     expect(tooltipComponent.props('content')).toBe('')
@@ -187,7 +188,6 @@ describe('slider', () => {
       },
     })
 
-    // 需要触发悬停才能显示 tooltip
     const button = wrapper.find(ns.e('button'))
     await button.trigger('mouseenter')
 
@@ -207,14 +207,12 @@ describe('slider', () => {
       },
     })
 
-    // 需要触发悬停才能显示 tooltip
     const button = wrapper.find(ns.e('button'))
     await button.trigger('mouseenter')
 
     const tooltipComponent = wrapper.findComponent({ name: 'CTooltip' })
     expect(tooltipComponent.exists()).toBe(true)
     expect(tooltipComponent.props('visible')).toBe(true)
-    // placement 应该使用用户设置的值
     expect(tooltipComponent.props('placement')).toBe('bottom')
     wrapper.unmount()
   })
@@ -248,7 +246,7 @@ describe('slider', () => {
     })
 
     expect(wrapper.find(ns.e('stops')).exists()).toBe(true)
-    expect(wrapper.findAll(ns.e('stop')).length).toBe(11) // 0-100 with step 10
+    expect(wrapper.findAll(ns.e('stop')).length).toBe(11)
     wrapper.unmount()
   })
 
@@ -270,20 +268,8 @@ describe('slider', () => {
       },
     })
 
-    // 模拟点击滑块
     const sliderWrapper = wrapper.find(wrapperClass)
-
-    // 模拟 getBoundingClientRect
-    const mockRect = {
-      left: 0,
-      width: 100,
-      top: 0,
-      height: 32,
-      right: 100,
-      bottom: 32,
-    }
-
-    vi.spyOn(sliderWrapper.element, 'getBoundingClientRect').mockReturnValue(mockRect)
+    vi.spyOn(sliderWrapper.element, 'getBoundingClientRect').mockReturnValue(createMockRect())
 
     await sliderWrapper.trigger('click', { clientX: 50 })
 
@@ -336,18 +322,7 @@ describe('slider', () => {
     })
 
     const button = wrapper.find(buttonClass)
-
-    // Mock getBoundingClientRect
-    const mockRect = {
-      left: 0,
-      width: 100,
-      top: 0,
-      height: 32,
-      right: 100,
-      bottom: 32,
-    }
-
-    vi.spyOn(wrapper.vm.sliderRef, 'getBoundingClientRect').mockReturnValue(mockRect)
+    vi.spyOn(wrapper.vm.sliderRef, 'getBoundingClientRect').mockReturnValue(createMockRect())
 
     await button.trigger('mousedown', { clientX: 50 })
     expect(wrapper.vm.isDragging).toBe(true)
@@ -451,7 +426,6 @@ describe('slider', () => {
       },
     })
 
-    // 使用 InputNumber 组件的事件
     const inputNumber = wrapper.findComponent({ name: 'CInputNumber' })
     await inputNumber.vm.$emit('update:modelValue', 75)
 
@@ -460,7 +434,7 @@ describe('slider', () => {
     wrapper.unmount()
   })
 
-  it('input change with invalid value', async () => {
+  it('input change with invalid value', () => {
     wrapper = mount(Slider, {
       props: {
         showInput: true,
@@ -470,7 +444,6 @@ describe('slider', () => {
       },
     })
 
-    // InputNumber 组件内部处理无效值
     const inputNumber = wrapper.findComponent({ name: 'CInputNumber' })
     expect(inputNumber.exists()).toBe(true)
     wrapper.unmount()
@@ -486,12 +459,10 @@ describe('slider', () => {
       },
     })
 
-    // 使用 InputNumber 组件的事件，测试边界值处理
     const inputNumber = wrapper.findComponent({ name: 'CInputNumber' })
     await inputNumber.vm.$emit('update:modelValue', 150)
 
     expect(wrapper.emitted('update:modelValue')).toBeTruthy()
-    // Should clamp to max value
     const emittedValues = wrapper.emitted('update:modelValue') as any[]
     expect(emittedValues[emittedValues.length - 1][0]).toBe(100)
     wrapper.unmount()
@@ -507,18 +478,16 @@ describe('slider', () => {
       },
     })
 
-    // 使用 InputNumber 组件的事件，测试边界值处理
     const inputNumber = wrapper.findComponent({ name: 'CInputNumber' })
     await inputNumber.vm.$emit('update:modelValue', -10)
 
     expect(wrapper.emitted('update:modelValue')).toBeTruthy()
-    // Should clamp to min value
     const emittedValues = wrapper.emitted('update:modelValue') as any[]
     expect(emittedValues[emittedValues.length - 1][0]).toBe(0)
     wrapper.unmount()
   })
 
-  it('event - input increase button', async () => {
+  it('event - input increase button', () => {
     wrapper = mount(Slider, {
       props: {
         showInput: true,
@@ -529,13 +498,12 @@ describe('slider', () => {
       },
     })
 
-    // InputNumber 组件内部处理增减按钮
     const inputNumber = wrapper.findComponent({ name: 'CInputNumber' })
     expect(inputNumber.exists()).toBe(true)
     wrapper.unmount()
   })
 
-  it('event - input decrease button', async () => {
+  it('event - input decrease button', () => {
     wrapper = mount(Slider, {
       props: {
         showInput: true,
@@ -546,13 +514,12 @@ describe('slider', () => {
       },
     })
 
-    // InputNumber 组件内部处理增减按钮
     const inputNumber = wrapper.findComponent({ name: 'CInputNumber' })
     expect(inputNumber.exists()).toBe(true)
     wrapper.unmount()
   })
 
-  it('event - input buttons disabled at boundaries', async () => {
+  it('event - input buttons disabled at boundaries', () => {
     wrapper = mount(Slider, {
       props: {
         showInput: true,
@@ -563,7 +530,6 @@ describe('slider', () => {
       },
     })
 
-    // InputNumber 组件内部处理边界禁用逻辑
     const inputNumber = wrapper.findComponent({ name: 'CInputNumber' })
     expect(inputNumber.exists()).toBe(true)
     wrapper.unmount()
@@ -690,7 +656,6 @@ describe('slider', () => {
       },
     })
 
-    // InputNumber 组件处理输入
     const inputNumber = wrapper.findComponent({ name: 'CInputNumber' })
     expect(inputNumber.exists()).toBe(true)
     wrapper.unmount()
@@ -705,7 +670,6 @@ describe('slider', () => {
       },
     })
 
-    // InputNumber 组件处理输入
     const inputNumber = wrapper.findComponent({ name: 'CInputNumber' })
     expect(inputNumber.exists()).toBe(true)
     wrapper.unmount()
diff --git a/packages/ccui/ui/timeline/test/timeline.test.ts b/packages/ccui/ui/timeline/test/timeline.test.ts
index 63b8aa34..8e0130ef 100644
--- a/packages/ccui/ui/timeline/test/timeline.test.ts
+++ b/packages/ccui/ui/timeline/test/timeline.test.ts
@@ -3,21 +3,37 @@ import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
 import { h, markRaw } from 'vue'
 import { Timeline, TimelineItem } from '../index'
 
+// 测试辅助函数
+function createTimelineWrapper(slots = {}) {
+  return mount(Timeline, { slots })
+}
+
+function createItemWrapper(props = {}, slots = {}) {
+  return mount(TimelineItem, {
+    props: {
+      timestamp: '2018/4/12',
+      ...props,
+    },
+    slots: {
+      default: 'Test content',
+      ...slots,
+    },
+  })
+}
+
 describe('timeline', () => {
   it('should render', () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(Timeline)
+    const wrapper = createTimelineWrapper()
     expect(wrapper.exists()).toBe(true)
     expect(wrapper.classes()).toContain('ccui-timeline')
   })
 
   it('should render timeline items', () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(Timeline, {
-      slots: {
-        default: () => [
-          h(TimelineItem, { timestamp: '2018/4/12' }, () => 'Test content 1'),
-          h(TimelineItem, { timestamp: '2018/4/3' }, () => 'Test content 2'),
-        ],
-      },
+    const wrapper = createTimelineWrapper({
+      default: () => [
+        h(TimelineItem, { timestamp: '2018/4/12' }, () => 'Test content 1'),
+        h(TimelineItem, { timestamp: '2018/4/3' }, () => 'Test content 2'),
+      ],
     })
 
     expect(wrapper.element.tagName).toBe('UL')
@@ -29,15 +45,7 @@ describe('timeline', () => {
 
 describe('timelineItem', () => {
   it('should render with timestamp', () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(TimelineItem, {
-      props: {
-        timestamp: '2018/4/12',
-      },
-      slots: {
-        default: 'Test content',
-      },
-    })
-
+    const wrapper = createItemWrapper()
     expect(wrapper.exists()).toBe(true)
     expect(wrapper.classes()).toContain('ccui-timeline-item')
     expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-timeline-item__timestamp').text()).toBe('2018/4/12')
@@ -45,115 +53,49 @@ describe('timelineItem', () => {
   })
 
   it('should hide timestamp when hideTimestamp is true', () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(TimelineItem, {
-      props: {
-        timestamp: '2018/4/12',
-        hideTimestamp: true,
-      },
-      slots: {
-        default: 'Test content',
-      },
-    })
-
+    const wrapper = createItemWrapper({ hideTimestamp: true })
     expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-timeline-item__timestamp').exists()).toBe(false)
   })
 
-  it('should render with different types', () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(TimelineItem, {
-      props: {
-        timestamp: '2018/4/12',
-        type: 'primary',
-      },
-      slots: {
-        default: 'Test content',
-      },
-    })
-
-    expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-timeline-item__node--primary').exists()).toBe(true)
+  it.each([
+    ['primary', '.ccui-timeline-item__node--primary'],
+    ['success', '.ccui-timeline-item__node--success'],
+    ['warning', '.ccui-timeline-item__node--warning'],
+    ['danger', '.ccui-timeline-item__node--danger'],
+    ['info', '.ccui-timeline-item__node--info'],
+  ])('should render with type %s', (type, expectedClass) => {
+    const wrapper = createItemWrapper({ type })
+    expect(wrapper.find(expectedClass).exists()).toBe(true)
   })
 
   it('should render with custom color', () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(TimelineItem, {
-      props: {
-        timestamp: '2018/4/12',
-        color: '#ff0000',
-      },
-      slots: {
-        default: 'Test content',
-      },
-    })
-
+    const wrapper = createItemWrapper({ color: '#ff0000' })
     const node = wrapper.find('.ccui-timeline-item__node')
     expect(node.attributes('style')).toContain('background-color: rgb(255, 0, 0)')
   })
 
   it('should render with large size', () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(TimelineItem, {
-      props: {
-        timestamp: '2018/4/12',
-        size: 'large',
-      },
-      slots: {
-        default: 'Test content',
-      },
-    })
-
+    const wrapper = createItemWrapper({ size: 'large' })
     expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-timeline-item__node--large').exists()).toBe(true)
   })
 
   it('should render with hollow style', () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(TimelineItem, {
-      props: {
-        timestamp: '2018/4/12',
-        hollow: true,
-      },
-      slots: {
-        default: 'Test content',
-      },
-    })
-
+    const wrapper = createItemWrapper({ hollow: true })
     expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-timeline-item__node.is-hollow').exists()).toBe(true)
   })
 
   it('should render timestamp at top when placement is top', () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(TimelineItem, {
-      props: {
-        timestamp: '2018/4/12',
-        placement: 'top',
-      },
-      slots: {
-        default: 'Test content',
-      },
-    })
-
+    const wrapper = createItemWrapper({ placement: 'top' })
     expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-timeline-item__timestamp.is-top').exists()).toBe(true)
   })
 
   it('should render with center alignment', () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(TimelineItem, {
-      props: {
-        timestamp: '2018/4/12',
-        center: true,
-      },
-      slots: {
-        default: 'Test content',
-      },
-    })
-
+    const wrapper = createItemWrapper({ center: true })
     expect(wrapper.classes()).toContain('ccui-timeline-item__center')
   })
 
   it('should render with string icon', () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(TimelineItem, {
-      props: {
-        timestamp: '2018/4/12',
-        icon: 'icon-class-name',
-      },
-      slots: {
-        default: 'Test content',
-      },
-    })
-
+    const wrapper = createItemWrapper({ icon: 'icon-class-name' })
     expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-timeline-item__icon').exists()).toBe(true)
     expect(wrapper.find('.icon-class-name').exists()).toBe(true)
   })
@@ -166,31 +108,15 @@ describe('timelineItem', () => {
       },
     })
 
-    const wrapper = mount(TimelineItem, {
-      props: {
-        timestamp: '2018/4/12',
-        icon: IconComponent,
-      },
-      slots: {
-        default: 'Test content',
-      },
-    })
-
+    const wrapper = createItemWrapper({ icon: IconComponent })
     expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-timeline-item__icon').exists()).toBe(true)
     expect(wrapper.find('.test-icon').exists()).toBe(true)
   })
 
   it('should render with custom dot slot', () => {
-    const wrapper = mount(TimelineItem, {
-      props: {
-        timestamp: '2018/4/12',
-      },
-      slots: {
-        default: 'Test content',
-        dot: '<div class="custom-dot">Custom</div>',
-      },
+    const wrapper = createItemWrapper({}, {
+      dot: '<div class="custom-dot">Custom</div>',
     })
-
     expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-timeline-item__dot').exists()).toBe(true)
     expect(wrapper.find('.custom-dot').exists()).toBe(true)
   })
diff --git a/packages/ccui/ui/tooltip/test/tooltip.test.ts b/packages/ccui/ui/tooltip/test/tooltip.test.ts
index 1a57b432..4bb770f7 100644
--- a/packages/ccui/ui/tooltip/test/tooltip.test.ts
+++ b/packages/ccui/ui/tooltip/test/tooltip.test.ts
@@ -3,11 +3,37 @@ import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
 import { nextTick } from 'vue'
 import { Tooltip } from '../index'
 
+// 测试辅助函数
+function createWrapper(props = {}, slots = {}) {
+  return mount(Tooltip, {
+    props: {
+      teleported: false,
+      ...props,
+    },
+    slots: {
+      default: '<button>Trigger</button>',
+      ...slots,
+    },
+  })
+}
+
+function createShallowWrapper(props = {}, slots = {}) {
+  return shallowMount(Tooltip, {
+    props: {
+      teleported: false,
+      ...props,
+    },
+    slots: {
+      default: '<button>Trigger</button>',
+      ...slots,
+    },
+  })
+}
+
 describe('tooltip', () => {
   let wrapper: any
 
   beforeEach(() => {
-    // 模拟 DOM 环境
     Object.defineProperty(window, 'innerWidth', {
       writable: true,
       configurable: true,
@@ -28,280 +54,131 @@ describe('tooltip', () => {
   })
 
   describe('基础功能', () => {
-    it('应该正确渲染组件', () => {
-      wrapper = shallowMount(Tooltip, {
-        props: {
-          content: 'Test tooltip',
-        },
-        slots: {
-          default: '<button>Trigger</button>',
-        },
-      })
-
+    it('正确渲染组件', () => {
+      wrapper = createShallowWrapper()
       expect(wrapper.exists()).toBe(true)
       expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-tooltip').exists()).toBe(true)
       expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-tooltip__trigger').exists()).toBe(true)
     })
 
-    it('应该正确显示内容', async () => {
-      wrapper = mount(Tooltip, {
-        props: {
-          content: 'Test tooltip content',
-          visible: true,
-        },
-        slots: {
-          default: '<button>Trigger</button>',
-        },
+    it('显示内容', async () => {
+      wrapper = createWrapper({
+        content: 'Test tooltip content',
+        visible: true,
       })
-
       await nextTick()
       expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-tooltip__popper').exists()).toBe(true)
       expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-tooltip__content').text()).toBe('Test tooltip content')
     })
 
-    it('应该支持插槽内容', async () => {
-      wrapper = mount(Tooltip, {
-        props: {
-          visible: true,
-        },
-        slots: {
-          default: '<button>Trigger</button>',
-          content: '<div class="custom-content">Custom content</div>',
-        },
-      })
-
+    it('支持插槽内容', async () => {
+      wrapper = createWrapper(
+        { visible: true },
+        { content: '<div class="custom-content">Custom content</div>' },
+      )
       await nextTick()
       expect(wrapper.find('.custom-content').exists()).toBe(true)
       expect(wrapper.find('.custom-content').text()).toBe('Custom content')
     })
 
-    it('应该支持 HTML 内容', async () => {
-      wrapper = mount(Tooltip, {
-        props: {
-          content: '<strong>Bold text</strong>',
-          rawContent: true,
-          visible: true,
-        },
-        slots: {
-          default: '<button>Trigger</button>',
-        },
+    it('支持 HTML 内容', async () => {
+      wrapper = createWrapper({
+        content: '<strong>Bold text</strong>',
+        rawContent: true,
+        visible: true,
       })
-
       await nextTick()
       expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-tooltip__content strong').exists()).toBe(true)
     })
   })
 
-  describe('主题和样式', () => {
-    it('应该正确应用 dark 主题', async () => {
-      wrapper = mount(Tooltip, {
-        props: {
-          content: 'Test',
-          effect: 'dark',
-          visible: true,
-        },
-        slots: {
-          default: '<button>Trigger</button>',
-        },
-      })
-
-      await nextTick()
-      expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-tooltip__popper--dark').exists()).toBe(true)
-    })
-
-    it('应该正确应用 light 主题', async () => {
-      wrapper = mount(Tooltip, {
-        props: {
-          content: 'Test',
-          effect: 'light',
-          visible: true,
-        },
-        slots: {
-          default: '<button>Trigger</button>',
-        },
+  describe('主题与样式', () => {
+    it.each([
+      ['dark', 'ccui-tooltip__popper--dark'],
+      ['light', 'ccui-tooltip__popper--light'],
+    ])('应用 %s 主题', async (effect, expectedClass) => {
+      wrapper = createWrapper({
+        content: 'Test',
+        effect: effect as any,
+        visible: true,
       })
-
       await nextTick()
-      expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-tooltip__popper--light').exists()).toBe(true)
+      expect(wrapper.find(`.${expectedClass}`).exists()).toBe(true)
     })
 
-    it('应该正确应用位置样式', async () => {
+    it('应用位置样式', async () => {
       const placements = ['top', 'bottom', 'left', 'right']
+      wrapper = createWrapper({
+        content: 'Test',
+        placement: 'top',
+        visible: true,
+      })
 
       for (const placement of placements) {
-        wrapper = mount(Tooltip, {
-          props: {
-            content: 'Test',
-            placement: placement as any,
-            visible: true,
-          },
-          slots: {
-            default: '<button>Trigger</button>',
-          },
-        })
-
+        await wrapper.setProps({ placement: placement as any })
         await nextTick()
         expect(wrapper.find(`.ccui-tooltip__popper--${placement}`).exists()).toBe(true)
-        wrapper.unmount()
       }
     })
 
-    it('应该显示箭头', async () => {
-      wrapper = mount(Tooltip, {
-        props: {
-          content: 'Test',
-          showArrow: true,
-          visible: true,
-        },
-        slots: {
-          default: '<button>Trigger</button>',
-        },
+    it.each([
+      [true, true],
+      [false, false],
+    ])('箭头显示状态: showArrow=%s', async (showArrow, shouldExist) => {
+      wrapper = createWrapper({
+        content: 'Test',
+        showArrow,
+        visible: true,
       })
-
       await nextTick()
-      expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-tooltip__arrow').exists()).toBe(true)
-    })
-
-    it('应该隐藏箭头', async () => {
-      wrapper = mount(Tooltip, {
-        props: {
-          content: 'Test',
-          showArrow: false,
-          visible: true,
-        },
-        slots: {
-          default: '<button>Trigger</button>',
-        },
-      })
-
-      await nextTick()
-      expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-tooltip__arrow').exists()).toBe(false)
+      expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-tooltip__arrow').exists()).toBe(shouldExist)
     })
   })
 
   describe('交互功能', () => {
-    it('应该在鼠标悬停时显示', async () => {
-      wrapper = mount(Tooltip, {
-        props: {
-          content: 'Test',
-          trigger: 'hover',
-        },
-        slots: {
-          default: '<button>Trigger</button>',
-        },
-      })
-
+    it('悬停时显示与隐藏', async () => {
+      wrapper = createWrapper({ content: 'Test', trigger: 'hover', hideAfter: 0 })
       const trigger = wrapper.find('.ccui-tooltip__trigger')
       await trigger.trigger('mouseenter')
       await nextTick()
-
       expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-tooltip__popper').exists()).toBe(true)
-    })
-
-    it('应该在鼠标离开时隐藏', async () => {
-      wrapper = mount(Tooltip, {
-        props: {
-          content: 'Test',
-          trigger: 'hover',
-          hideAfter: 0,
-        },
-        slots: {
-          default: '<button>Trigger</button>',
-        },
-      })
-
-      const trigger = wrapper.find('.ccui-tooltip__trigger')
-      await trigger.trigger('mouseenter')
-      await nextTick()
-
       await trigger.trigger('mouseleave')
       await nextTick()
-
       expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-tooltip__popper').exists()).toBe(false)
     })
 
-    it('应该在点击时切换显示状态', async () => {
-      wrapper = mount(Tooltip, {
-        props: {
-          content: 'Test',
-          trigger: 'click',
-        },
-        slots: {
-          default: '<button>Trigger</button>',
-        },
-      })
-
+    it('点击时切换显示状态', async () => {
+      wrapper = createWrapper({ content: 'Test', trigger: 'click' })
       const trigger = wrapper.find('.ccui-tooltip__trigger')
-
-      // 第一次点击显示
       await trigger.trigger('click')
       await nextTick()
       expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-tooltip__popper').exists()).toBe(true)
-
-      // 第二次点击隐藏
       await trigger.trigger('click')
       await nextTick()
       expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-tooltip__popper').exists()).toBe(false)
     })
 
-    it('应该在获得焦点时显示', async () => {
-      wrapper = mount(Tooltip, {
-        props: {
-          content: 'Test',
-          trigger: 'focus',
-        },
-        slots: {
-          default: '<input type="text" />',
-        },
-      })
-
+    it('获得焦点时显示，失焦时隐藏', async () => {
+      wrapper = createWrapper(
+        { content: 'Test', trigger: 'focus', hideAfter: 0 },
+        { default: '<input type="text" />' },
+      )
       const trigger = wrapper.find('.ccui-tooltip__trigger')
       await trigger.trigger('focus')
       await nextTick()
-
       expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-tooltip__popper').exists()).toBe(true)
-    })
-
-    it('应该在失去焦点时隐藏', async () => {
-      wrapper = mount(Tooltip, {
-        props: {
-          content: 'Test',
-          trigger: 'focus',
-          hideAfter: 0,
-        },
-        slots: {
-          default: '<input type="text" />',
-        },
-      })
-
-      const trigger = wrapper.find('.ccui-tooltip__trigger')
-      await trigger.trigger('focus')
-      await nextTick()
-
       await trigger.trigger('blur')
       await nextTick()
-
       expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-tooltip__popper').exists()).toBe(false)
     })
   })
 
   describe('禁用状态', () => {
-    it('禁用时不应该显示', async () => {
-      wrapper = mount(Tooltip, {
-        props: {
-          content: 'Test',
-          disabled: true,
-          trigger: 'hover',
-        },
-        slots: {
-          default: '<button>Trigger</button>',
-        },
-      })
-
+    it('禁用时不显示', async () => {
+      wrapper = createWrapper({ content: 'Test', disabled: true, trigger: 'hover' })
       const trigger = wrapper.find('.ccui-tooltip__trigger')
       await trigger.trigger('mouseenter')
       await nextTick()
-
       expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-tooltip__popper').exists()).toBe(false)
     })
   })
@@ -315,170 +192,65 @@ describe('tooltip', () => {
       vi.useRealTimers()
     })
 
-    it('应该支持延迟显示', async () => {
-      wrapper = mount(Tooltip, {
-        props: {
-          content: 'Test',
-          trigger: 'hover',
-          showAfter: 100,
-        },
-        slots: {
-          default: '<button>Trigger</button>',
-        },
-      })
-
+    it('延迟显示', async () => {
+      wrapper = createWrapper({ content: 'Test', trigger: 'hover', showAfter: 100 })
       const trigger = wrapper.find('.ccui-tooltip__trigger')
       await trigger.trigger('mouseenter')
       await nextTick()
-
-      // 延迟前不应该显示
       expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-tooltip__popper').exists()).toBe(false)
-
-      // 等待延迟时间
       vi.advanceTimersByTime(100)
       await nextTick()
-
       expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-tooltip__popper').exists()).toBe(true)
     })
 
-    it('应该支持延迟隐藏', async () => {
-      wrapper = mount(Tooltip, {
-        props: {
-          content: 'Test',
-          trigger: 'hover',
-          hideAfter: 100,
-        },
-        slots: {
-          default: '<button>Trigger</button>',
-        },
-      })
-
+    it('延迟隐藏', async () => {
+      wrapper = createWrapper({ content: 'Test', trigger: 'hover', hideAfter: 100 })
       const trigger = wrapper.find('.ccui-tooltip__trigger')
       await trigger.trigger('mouseenter')
       await nextTick()
-
-      // 先显示
       expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-tooltip__popper').exists()).toBe(true)
-
       await trigger.trigger('mouseleave')
       await nextTick()
-
-      // 延迟前仍然显示
       expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-tooltip__popper').exists()).toBe(true)
-
-      // 等待延迟时间
       vi.advanceTimersByTime(100)
       await nextTick()
-
       expect(wrapper.find('.ccui-tooltip__popper').exists()).toBe(false)
     })
   })
 
   describe('事件触发', () => {
-    it('应该触发 before-show 事件', async () => {
+    it('触发事件', async () => {
       const beforeShow = vi.fn()
-      wrapper = mount(Tooltip, {
-        props: {
-          'content': 'Test',
-          'trigger': 'hover',
-          'onBefore-show': beforeShow,
-        },
-        slots: {
-          default: '<button>Trigger</button>',
-        },
-      })
-
-      const trigger = wrapper.find('.ccui-tooltip__trigger')
-      await trigger.trigger('mouseenter')
-      await nextTick()
-
-      expect(beforeShow).toHaveBeenCalled()
-    })
-
-    it('应该触发 show 事件', async () => {
       const show = vi.fn()
-      wrapper = mount(Tooltip, {
-        props: {
-          content: 'Test',
-          trigger: 'hover',
-          onShow: show,
-        },
-        slots: {
-          default: '<button>Trigger</button>',
-        },
-      })
-
-      const trigger = wrapper.find('.ccui-tooltip__trigger')
-      await trigger.trigger('mouseenter')
-      await nextTick()
-
-      expect(show).toHaveBeenCalled()
-    })
-
-    it('应该触发 before-hide 事件', async () => {
       const beforeHide = vi.fn()
-      wrapper = mount(Tooltip, {
-        props: {
-          'content': 'Test',
-          'trigger': 'hover',
-          'hideAfter': 0,
-          'onBefore-hide': beforeHide,
-        },
-        slots: {
-          default: '<button>Trigger</button>',
-        },
-      })
-
-      const trigger = wrapper.find('.ccui-tooltip__trigger')
-      await trigger.trigger('mouseenter')
-      await nextTick()
-      await trigger.trigger('mouseleave')
-      await nextTick()
-
-      expect(beforeHide).toHaveBeenCalled()
-    })
-
-    it('应该触发 hide 事件', async () => {
       const hide = vi.fn()
-      wrapper = mount(Tooltip, {
-        props: {
-          content: 'Test',
-          trigger: 'hover',
-          hideAfter: 0,
-          onHide: hide,
-        },
-        slots: {
-          default: '<button>Trigger</button>',
-        },
+      wrapper = createWrapper({
+        'content': 'Test',
+        'trigger': 'hover',
+        'hideAfter': 0,
+        'onBefore-show': beforeShow,
+        'onShow': show,
+        'onBefore-hide': beforeHide,
+        'onHide': hide,
       })
-
       const trigger = wrapper.find('.ccui-tooltip__trigger')
       await trigger.trigger('mouseenter')
       await nextTick()
+      expect(beforeShow).toHaveBeenCalled()
+      expect(show).toHaveBeenCalled()
       await trigger.trigger('mouseleave')
       await nextTick()
-
+      expect(beforeHide).toHaveBeenCalled()
       expect(hide).toHaveBeenCalled()
     })
   })
 
   describe('可访问性', () => {
-    it('应该设置正确的 ARIA 属性', async () => {
-      wrapper = mount(Tooltip, {
-        props: {
-          content: 'Test',
-          ariaLabel: 'Test tooltip',
-          visible: true,
-        },
-        slots: {
-          default: '<button>Trigger</button>',
-        },
-      })
-
+    it('aRIA 属性', async () => {
+      wrapper = createWrapper({ content: 'Test', ariaLabel: 'Test tooltip', visible: true })
       await nextTick()
       const trigger = wrapper.find('.ccui-tooltip__trigger')
       const popper = wrapper.find('.ccui-tooltip__popper')
-
       expect(trigger.attributes('aria-label')).toBe('Test tooltip')
       expect(trigger.attributes('aria-describedby')).toBe('ccui-tooltip__popper')
       expect(popper.attributes('role')).toBe('tooltip')