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Adding some figures
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_tutorials/compressible_flow/ActuatorDisk_VariableLoad/ActuatorDisk_VariableLoad.md

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## Goals
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Upon completing this tutorial, the user will be able to simulate the presence of a propeller using an actuator disk boundary condition, including also the swirl effects. The specific geometry chosen for the tutorial is composed by an actuator disk and a semi-infinite spinner (grid file and propeller data courtesy of Mauro Minervino, Centro Italiano Ricerche Aerospaziali (CIRA)).
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Upon completing this tutorial, the user will be able to simulate the presence of a propeller using an actuator disk boundary condition, considering a variable load distribution and including also the swirl effects. The specific geometry chosen for the tutorial is composed by an actuator disk and a semi-infinite spinner (grid file and propeller data courtesy of Mauro Minervino, Centro Italiano Ricerche Aerospaziali (CIRA)).
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This tutorial is referred only to the actuator disk model `VARIABLE_LOAD` implemented in the V7.0.7.
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### Background
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This test case is for an actuator disk with a semi-infinite spinner. The actuator disk is a boundary condition used to simulate the effects of rotary wings in a simple way.
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In aeronautics it is a crucial topic for the airframe integration. Nowadays, with the research on the Distributed Electric Propulsion (DEP), a good actuator disk model is getting importance in order to simulate the effects of the propellers on the airframe by fast CFD analysis.
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In aeronautics it is a crucial topic for the airframe integration. Nowadays, a good actuator disk model is getting importance in order to simulate the effects of the propellers on the airframe by fast CFD analysis.
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However, the disadvantage of using an actuator disk model is that the unsteady effects are neglected.
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The actuator disk model used in this tutorial has been implemented referring to a propeller, so the input data file is suitable for a propeller, but not for a wind turbine. However, the model itself, can also be suitable for any rotary wing device.
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The actuator disk model used in this tutorial has been implemented referring to a propeller, so the input data file is suitable for a propeller, but not for a wind turbine. However, the model itself, can also be suitable for any rotary wing device. Note that the model has been tested only for propellers.
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Without going into details the mathematical model considered is the following:
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**State 1**:
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- 1 data imposed:
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- static pressure <img src="https://render.githubusercontent.com/render/math?math=p_1=p_2%2B\Delta p">
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- 4 data extrapolated from upstream:
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- entropy <img src="https://render.githubusercontent.com/render/math?math=s_1">
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- acoustic Riemann invariant <img src="https://render.githubusercontent.com/render/math?math=R_1^{%2B}">
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- tangential velocity <img src="https://render.githubusercontent.com/render/math?math=\underline{V}_{t1}">
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**State 2**
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- 4 data imposed:
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- static pressure jump <img src="https://render.githubusercontent.com/render/math?math=\Delta p">
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- continuity <img src="https://render.githubusercontent.com/render/math?math=\left(\rho V_n\right)_2=\left(\rho V_n\right)_1">
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- *swirl* <img src="https://render.githubusercontent.com/render/math?math=\Delta\left(\rho V_t\right)">
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- 1 data extrapolated from downstream:
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- acoustic Riemann invariant <img src="https://render.githubusercontent.com/render/math?math=R_2^-">
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Where **State 1** and **State 2** are respectively the upstream and downstream surfaces of the actuator disk.
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The hypothesis that we will consider are: compressible and axial flow (the angle of attack of the actuator disk axis is small).
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### Problem Setup
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Figure (2): Mesh of the domain in the *x-y* plane.
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![Grid Disk](../../../tutorials_files/compressible_flow/ActuatorDisk_VariableLoad/images/GridDisk.png)
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Figure (3): Close-up view of the mesh of the actuator disk in the *y-z* plane.
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Figure (3): Close-up view of the mesh of the actuator disk in the *y-z* plane at *x=0*.
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![Grid Disk](../../../tutorials_files/compressible_flow/ActuatorDisk_VariableLoad/images/GridSpinner.png)
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Figure (4): Close-up view of the mesh of the spinner in the *y-x* plane.
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### Configuration File Options
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Only the actuator disk boundary condition options are highlighted here:
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```
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% -------------------- BOUNDARY CONDITION DEFINITION --------------------------%
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% -------------------- ACTUATOR DISK BOUNDARY CONDITION --------------------------%
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%
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ACTDISK_DOUBLE_SURFACE = YES
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%
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*It is possible to append other propellers data at the end of the input file. Note that the order and the format of the options should not be changed.*
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The visualization of the tabular input for this case is shown in the following figure:
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![dct input](../../../tutorials_files/compressible_flow/ActuatorDisk_VariableLoad/images/dct_input.png)
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Figure (5): Thrust coefficient distribution along the non-dimensional radius.
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![dcp input](../../../tutorials_files/compressible_flow/ActuatorDisk_VariableLoad/images/dcp_input.png)
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Figure (6): Power coefficient distribution along the non-dimensional radius.
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### Optimal Propeller Script
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As already anticipated, the [OptimalPropeller.py](https://github.com/su2code/SU2/tree/master/SU2_PY/OptimalPropeller.py) script can be used to automatically generate the propeller input data file.
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Some results for this test case are shown below.
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![Mach Number](../../../tutorials_files/compressible_flow/ActuatorDisk_VariableLoad/images/MachNumber.png)
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Figure (4): Mach number contour in the *x-z* plane.
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Figure (7): Mach number contour in the *x-z* plane.
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![Pressure Coefficient](../../../tutorials_files/compressible_flow/ActuatorDisk_VariableLoad/images/ContourCp.png)
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Figure (5): Pressure coefficient contour in the *x-z* plane.
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Figure (8): Pressure coefficient contour in the *x-z* plane.
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![Momentum X](../../../tutorials_files/compressible_flow/ActuatorDisk_VariableLoad/images/MomentumX.png)
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Figure (6): Momentum in normal direction along *x* for different stations.
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Figure (9): Momentum in normal direction along *x* for different stations.
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![Pressure Coefficient X](../../../tutorials_files/compressible_flow/ActuatorDisk_VariableLoad/images/PressureCoeff.png)
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Figure (7): Pressure coefficient along *x* for different stations.
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Figure (9): Pressure coefficient along *x* for different stations.
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![Tangential Velocity X](../../../tutorials_files/compressible_flow/ActuatorDisk_VariableLoad/images/Vt_x.png)
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Figure (8): Tangential velocity component along *x* for different stations.
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Figure (10): Tangential velocity component along *x* for different stations.
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![Pressure Jump](../../../tutorials_files/compressible_flow/ActuatorDisk_VariableLoad/images/pJump.png)
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Figure (9): Pressure coefficient along *z* just upstream (State 1) and downstream (State 2) the actuator disk.
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Figure (11): Pressure coefficient along *z* just upstream (State 1) and downstream (State 2) the actuator disk.
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![Tangential Velocity Jump](../../../tutorials_files/compressible_flow/ActuatorDisk_VariableLoad/images/Vt.png)
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Figure (9): Tangential velocity component along *z* just upstream (State 1) and downstream (State 2) the actuator disk.
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Figure (12): Tangential velocity component along *z* just upstream (State 1) and downstream (State 2) the actuator disk.
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