[3.13] gh-123853: Update locale.windows_locale (GH-123901) (GH-148877)

Update the table of Windows language code identifiers (LCIDs) to
protocol version 16.0 (2024-04-23).
(cherry picked from commit bfe6f9f)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

Author: miss-islington