Merge branch 'main' into improvement/ABCMeta_subclasscheck

Author: dolfinus

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -4,17 +4,23 @@
 # It uses the same pattern rule for gitignore file
 # https://git-scm.com/docs/gitignore#_pattern_format
 
-# GitHub
+# Azure Pipelines
+.azure-pipelines/             @AA-Turner
+
+# GitHub & related scripts
 .github/**                    @ezio-melotti @hugovk @AA-Turner
+Tools/build/compute-changes.py @AA-Turner
+Tools/build/verify_ensurepip_wheels.py @AA-Turner
 
 # pre-commit
 .pre-commit-config.yaml       @hugovk
 .ruff.toml                    @hugovk @AlexWaygood @AA-Turner
 
-# Build system
-configure*                    @erlend-aasland @corona10
-Makefile.pre.in               @erlend-aasland
-Modules/Setup*                @erlend-aasland
+# Build system (autotools)
+configure*                    @erlend-aasland @corona10 @AA-Turner
+Makefile.pre.in               @erlend-aasland @AA-Turner
+Modules/Setup*                @erlend-aasland @AA-Turner
+Tools/build/regen-configure.sh @AA-Turner
 
 # argparse
 **/*argparse*                 @savannahostrowski
@@ -67,6 +73,7 @@ Doc/make.bat                  @AA-Turner @hugovk
 Doc/requirements.txt          @AA-Turner @hugovk
 Doc/_static/**                @AA-Turner @hugovk
 Doc/tools/**                  @AA-Turner @hugovk
+.readthedocs.yml              @AA-Turner
 
 # runtime state/lifecycle
 **/*pylifecycle*              @ericsnowcurrently @ZeroIntensity
@@ -155,6 +162,10 @@ Doc/c-api/module.rst          @ericsnowcurrently
 **/*importlib/resources/*     @jaraco @warsaw @FFY00
 **/*importlib/metadata/*       @jaraco @warsaw
 
+# Calendar
+Lib/calendar.py               @AA-Turner
+Lib/test/test_calendar.py     @AA-Turner
+
 # Dates and times
 **/*datetime*                 @pganssle @abalkin
 **/*str*time*                 @pganssle @abalkin
@@ -205,6 +216,11 @@ Lib/test/test_ast/            @eclips4 @tomasr8
 # multiprocessing
 **/*multiprocessing*          @gpshead
 
+# pydoc
+Lib/pydoc.py                  @AA-Turner
+Lib/pydoc_data/               @AA-Turner
+Lib/test/test_pydoc/          @AA-Turner
+
 # SQLite 3
 **/*sqlite*                   @berkerpeksag @erlend-aasland
 
@@ -217,6 +233,11 @@ Lib/test/test_ast/            @eclips4 @tomasr8
 **/*pdb*                      @gaogaotiantian
 **/*bdb*                      @gaogaotiantian
 
+# types
+Lib/test/test_types.py        @AA-Turner
+Lib/types.py                  @AA-Turner
+Modules/_typesmodule.c        @AA-Turner
+
 # Limited C API & stable ABI
 Tools/build/stable_abi.py     @encukou
 Misc/stable_abi.toml          @encukou
@@ -234,6 +255,11 @@ Doc/c-api/stable.rst          @encukou
 /Tools/msi/                   @python/windows-team
 /Tools/nuget/                 @python/windows-team
 
+# Zstandard
+Lib/compression/zstd/         @AA-Turner
+Lib/test/test_zstd.py         @AA-Turner
+Modules/_zstd/                @AA-Turner
+
 # Misc
 **/*itertools*                @rhettinger
 **/*collections*              @rhettinger
@@ -266,6 +292,9 @@ Doc/c-api/stable.rst          @encukou
 
 **/*cjkcodecs*                @corona10
 
+# Patchcheck
+Tools/patchcheck/             @AA-Turner
+
 # macOS
 /Mac/                         @python/macos-team
 **/*osx_support*              @python/macos-team
@@ -277,9 +306,9 @@ Doc/c-api/stable.rst          @encukou
 **/*zipfile/_path/*           @jaraco
 
 # Argument Clinic
-/Tools/clinic/**              @erlend-aasland
-/Lib/test/test_clinic.py      @erlend-aasland
-Doc/howto/clinic.rst          @erlend-aasland
+/Tools/clinic/**              @erlend-aasland @AA-Turner
+/Lib/test/test_clinic.py      @erlend-aasland @AA-Turner
+Doc/howto/clinic.rst          @erlend-aasland @AA-Turner
 
 # Subinterpreters
 **/*interpreteridobject.*     @ericsnowcurrently
@@ -323,6 +352,7 @@ Lib/test/test_configparser.py @jaraco
 
 # Doc sections
 Doc/reference/                @willingc @AA-Turner
+Doc/whatsnew/                 @AA-Turner
 
 **/*weakref*                  @kumaraditya303
 
@@ -336,7 +366,7 @@ Modules/_xxtestfuzz/          @ammaraskar
 # t-strings
 **/*interpolationobject*      @lysnikolaou
 **/*templateobject*           @lysnikolaou
-**/*templatelib*              @lysnikolaou
+**/*templatelib*              @lysnikolaou @AA-Turner
 **/*tstring*                  @lysnikolaou
 
 # Remote debugging
@@ -346,3 +376,6 @@ Modules/_remote_debugging_module.c @pablogsal @ambv @1st1
 
 # gettext
 **/*gettext*                  @tomasr8
+
+# Internal Docs
+InternalDocs/                 @AA-Turner

.github/CONTRIBUTING.rst

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Contributing to Python
 Build Status
 ------------
 
-- `Buildbot status overview <https://buildbot.python.org/all/#/release_status>`_
+- `Buildbot status overview <https://buildbot.python.org/#/release_status>`_
 
 - `GitHub Actions status <https://github.com/python/cpython/actions/workflows/build.yml>`_
 

Android/android.py

@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ def unpack_deps(host, prefix_dir):
     os.chdir(prefix_dir)
     deps_url = "https://github.com/beeware/cpython-android-source-deps/releases/download"
     for name_ver in ["bzip2-1.0.8-3", "libffi-3.4.4-3", "openssl-3.0.15-4",
-                     "sqlite-3.49.1-0", "xz-5.4.6-1", "zstd-1.5.7-1"]:
+                     "sqlite-3.50.4-0", "xz-5.4.6-1", "zstd-1.5.7-1"]:
         filename = f"{name_ver}-{host}.tar.gz"
         download(f"{deps_url}/{name_ver}/{filename}")
         shutil.unpack_archive(filename)

Doc/c-api/long.rst

@@ -372,6 +372,10 @@ distinguished from a number.  Use :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to disambiguate.
    Set *\*value* to a signed C :c:expr:`int32_t` or :c:expr:`int64_t`
    representation of *obj*.
 
+   If *obj* is not an instance of :c:type:`PyLongObject`, first call its
+   :meth:`~object.__index__` method (if present) to convert it to a
+   :c:type:`PyLongObject`.
+
    If the *obj* value is out of range, raise an :exc:`OverflowError`.
 
    Set *\*value* and return ``0`` on success.

Doc/conf.py

@@ -567,14 +567,11 @@
     'image': '_static/og-image.png',
     'line_color': '#3776ab',
 }
-if 'builder_html' in tags:  # noqa: F821
-    ogp_custom_meta_tags = [
-        '<meta name="theme-color" content="#3776ab">',
-    ]
-    if 'create-social-cards' not in tags:  # noqa: F821
-        # Define a static preview image when not creating social cards
-        ogp_image = '_static/og-image.png'
-        ogp_custom_meta_tags += [
-            '<meta property="og:image:width" content="200">',
-            '<meta property="og:image:height" content="200">',
-        ]
+ogp_custom_meta_tags = ('<meta name="theme-color" content="#3776ab">',)
+if 'create-social-cards' not in tags:  # noqa: F821
+    # Define a static preview image when not creating social cards
+    ogp_image = '_static/og-image.png'
+    ogp_custom_meta_tags += (
+        '<meta property="og:image:width" content="200">',
+        '<meta property="og:image:height" content="200">',
+    )

Doc/extending/extending.rst

@@ -75,12 +75,37 @@ the module and a copyright notice if you like).
    See :ref:`arg-parsing-string-and-buffers` for a description of this macro.
 
 All user-visible symbols defined by :file:`Python.h` have a prefix of ``Py`` or
-``PY``, except those defined in standard header files. For convenience, and
-since they are used extensively by the Python interpreter, ``"Python.h"``
-includes a few standard header files: ``<stdio.h>``, ``<string.h>``,
-``<errno.h>``, and ``<stdlib.h>``.  If the latter header file does not exist on
-your system, it declares the functions :c:func:`malloc`, :c:func:`free` and
-:c:func:`realloc` directly.
+``PY``, except those defined in standard header files.
+
+.. tip::
+
+   For backward compatibility, :file:`Python.h` includes several standard header files.
+   C extensions should include the standard headers that they use,
+   and should not rely on these implicit includes.
+   If using the limited C API version 3.13 or newer, the implicit includes are:
+
+   * ``<assert.h>``
+   * ``<intrin.h>`` (on Windows)
+   * ``<inttypes.h>``
+   * ``<limits.h>``
+   * ``<math.h>``
+   * ``<stdarg.h>``
+   * ``<wchar.h>``
+   * ``<sys/types.h>`` (if present)
+
+   If :c:macro:`Py_LIMITED_API` is not defined, or is set to version 3.12 or older,
+   the headers below are also included:
+
+   * ``<ctype.h>``
+   * ``<unistd.h>`` (on POSIX)
+
+   If :c:macro:`Py_LIMITED_API` is not defined, or is set to version 3.10 or older,
+   the headers below are also included:
+
+   * ``<errno.h>``
+   * ``<stdio.h>``
+   * ``<stdlib.h>``
+   * ``<string.h>``
 
 The next thing we add to our module file is the C function that will be called
 when the Python expression ``spam.system(string)`` is evaluated (we'll see

Doc/glossary.rst

@@ -435,6 +435,11 @@ Glossary
       with :term:`abstract base classes <abstract base class>`.)  Instead, it
       typically employs :func:`hasattr` tests or :term:`EAFP` programming.
 
+   dunder
+      An informal short-hand for "double underscore", used when talking about a
+      :term:`special method`. For example, ``__init__`` is often pronounced
+      "dunder init".
+
    EAFP
       Easier to ask for forgiveness than permission.  This common Python coding
       style assumes the existence of valid keys or attributes and catches
@@ -462,6 +467,7 @@ Glossary
       core and with user code.
 
    f-string
+   f-strings
       String literals prefixed with ``f`` or ``F`` are commonly called
       "f-strings" which is short for
       :ref:`formatted string literals <f-strings>`.  See also :pep:`498`.
@@ -1323,6 +1329,7 @@ Glossary
       See also :term:`borrowed reference`.
 
    t-string
+   t-strings
       String literals prefixed with ``t`` or ``T`` are commonly called
       "t-strings" which is short for
       :ref:`template string literals <t-strings>`.
@@ -1472,6 +1479,11 @@ Glossary
       A computer defined entirely in software.  Python's virtual machine
       executes the :term:`bytecode` emitted by the bytecode compiler.
 
+   walrus operator
+      A light-hearted way to refer to the :ref:`assignment expression
+      <assignment-expressions>` operator ``:=`` because it looks a bit like a
+      walrus if you turn your head.
+
    Zen of Python
       Listing of Python design principles and philosophies that are helpful in
       understanding and using the language.  The listing can be found by typing

Doc/library/ast.rst

@@ -289,9 +289,9 @@ Literals
    * ``conversion`` is an integer:
 
      * -1: no formatting
-     * 115 (``ord('s')``): ``!s`` string formatting
-     * 114 (``ord('r')``): ``!r`` repr formatting
-     * 97 (``ord('a')``): ``!a`` ASCII formatting
+     * 97 (``ord('a')``): ``!a`` :func:`ASCII <ascii>` formatting
+     * 114 (``ord('r')``): ``!r`` :func:`repr` formatting
+     * 115 (``ord('s')``): ``!s`` :func:`string <str>` formatting
 
    * ``format_spec`` is a :class:`JoinedStr` node representing the formatting
      of the value, or ``None`` if no format was specified. Both
@@ -325,14 +325,18 @@ Literals
                                 Constant(value='.3')]))]))
 
 
-.. class:: TemplateStr(values)
+.. class:: TemplateStr(values, /)
 
-   A t-string, comprising a series of :class:`Interpolation` and :class:`Constant`
-   nodes.
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+   Node representing a template string literal, comprising a series of
+   :class:`Interpolation` and :class:`Constant` nodes.
+   These nodes may be any order, and do not need to be interleaved.
 
    .. doctest::
 
-        >>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('t"{name} finished {place:ordinal}"', mode='eval'), indent=4))
+        >>> expr = ast.parse('t"{name} finished {place:ordinal}"', mode='eval')
+        >>> print(ast.dump(expr, indent=4))
         Expression(
             body=TemplateStr(
                 values=[
@@ -349,28 +353,28 @@ Literals
                             values=[
                                 Constant(value='ordinal')]))]))
 
-   .. versionadded:: 3.14
-
+.. class:: Interpolation(value, str, conversion, format_spec=None)
 
-.. class:: Interpolation(value, str, conversion, format_spec)
+   .. versionadded:: 3.14
 
-   Node representing a single interpolation field in a t-string.
+   Node representing a single interpolation field in a template string literal.
 
    * ``value`` is any expression node (such as a literal, a variable, or a
      function call).
+     This has the same meaning as ``FormattedValue.value``.
    * ``str`` is a constant containing the text of the interpolation expression.
    * ``conversion`` is an integer:
 
      * -1: no conversion
-     * 115: ``!s`` string conversion
-     * 114: ``!r`` repr conversion
-     * 97: ``!a`` ascii conversion
+     * 97 (``ord('a')``): ``!a`` :func:`ASCII <ascii>` conversion
+     * 114 (``ord('r')``): ``!r`` :func:`repr` conversion
+     * 115 (``ord('s')``): ``!s`` :func:`string <str>` conversion
 
+     This has the same meaning as ``FormattedValue.conversion``.
    * ``format_spec`` is a :class:`JoinedStr` node representing the formatting
      of the value, or ``None`` if no format was specified. Both
      ``conversion`` and ``format_spec`` can be set at the same time.
-
-   .. versionadded:: 3.14
+     This has the same meaning as ``FormattedValue.format_spec``.
 
 
 .. class:: List(elts, ctx)

Doc/library/codecs.rst

@@ -1251,7 +1251,7 @@ particular, the following variants typically exist:
 +-----------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+
 | iso8859_3       | iso-8859-3, latin3, L3         | Esperanto, Maltese             |
 +-----------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+
-| iso8859_4       | iso-8859-4, latin4, L4         | Baltic languages               |
+| iso8859_4       | iso-8859-4, latin4, L4         | Northern Europe                |
 +-----------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+
 | iso8859_5       | iso-8859-5, cyrillic           | Belarusian, Bulgarian,         |
 |                 |                                | Macedonian, Russian, Serbian   |