From 197f717d6e939da13ffcc10485a3cfac2b0e43e1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aliaksandr Tsurko <ales@opentensor.dev>
Date: Wed, 20 Aug 2025 16:43:57 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 001/218] Parametrize currencies in swap interface

---
 common/src/currency.rs              |   4 +-
 common/src/lib.rs                   |  12 +-
 pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs   |  52 ++++++---
 pallets/swap-interface/src/order.rs |  15 +++
 pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs    | 168 ++++++++++++++++------------
 pallets/swap/src/pallet/mod.rs      |  16 ++-
 6 files changed, 168 insertions(+), 99 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 pallets/swap-interface/src/order.rs

diff --git a/common/src/currency.rs b/common/src/currency.rs
index 8233383e95..48826b1933 100644
--- a/common/src/currency.rs
+++ b/common/src/currency.rs
@@ -227,7 +227,9 @@ macro_rules! impl_approx {
     };
 }
 
-pub trait Currency: ToFixed + Into<u64> + From<u64> + Clone + Copy {
+pub trait Currency:
+    ToFixed + Into<u64> + From<u64> + Clone + Copy + Eq + Ord + PartialEq + PartialOrd + Display
+{
     const MAX: Self;
     const ZERO: Self;
 
diff --git a/common/src/lib.rs b/common/src/lib.rs
index a3882a88fc..dab0aeb40e 100644
--- a/common/src/lib.rs
+++ b/common/src/lib.rs
@@ -169,13 +169,17 @@ impl Default for ProxyType {
 }
 
 pub trait SubnetInfo<AccountId> {
-    fn tao_reserve(netuid: NetUid) -> TaoCurrency;
-    fn alpha_reserve(netuid: NetUid) -> AlphaCurrency;
     fn exists(netuid: NetUid) -> bool;
     fn mechanism(netuid: NetUid) -> u16;
     fn is_owner(account_id: &AccountId, netuid: NetUid) -> bool;
 }
 
+pub trait CurrencyReserve<C: Currency> {
+    fn reserve(netuid: NetUid) -> C;
+    fn increase_provided(netuid: NetUid, amount: C);
+    fn decrease_provided(netuid: NetUid, amount: C);
+}
+
 pub trait BalanceOps<AccountId> {
     fn tao_balance(account_id: &AccountId) -> TaoCurrency;
     fn alpha_balance(netuid: NetUid, coldkey: &AccountId, hotkey: &AccountId) -> AlphaCurrency;
@@ -196,10 +200,6 @@ pub trait BalanceOps<AccountId> {
         netuid: NetUid,
         alpha: AlphaCurrency,
     ) -> Result<AlphaCurrency, DispatchError>;
-    fn increase_provided_tao_reserve(netuid: NetUid, tao: TaoCurrency);
-    fn decrease_provided_tao_reserve(netuid: NetUid, tao: TaoCurrency);
-    fn increase_provided_alpha_reserve(netuid: NetUid, alpha: AlphaCurrency);
-    fn decrease_provided_alpha_reserve(netuid: NetUid, alpha: AlphaCurrency);
 }
 
 pub mod time {
diff --git a/pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs b/pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs
index a0b39e151f..00540ca378 100644
--- a/pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 
 use frame_support::pallet_prelude::*;
 use substrate_fixed::types::U96F32;
-use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
+use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, CurrencyReserve, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
+
+pub mod order;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum OrderType {
@@ -11,23 +13,33 @@ pub enum OrderType {
 }
 
 pub trait SwapHandler<AccountId> {
-    fn swap(
+    fn swap<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>(
         netuid: NetUid,
         order_t: OrderType,
-        amount: u64,
-        price_limit: u64,
+        amount: PaidIn,
+        price_limit: TaoCurrency,
         drop_fees: bool,
         should_rollback: bool,
-    ) -> Result<SwapResult, DispatchError>;
-    fn sim_swap(
+    ) -> Result<SwapResult<PaidIn, PaidOut>, DispatchError>
+    where
+        PaidIn: Currency,
+        PaidOut: Currency,
+        ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<PaidIn>,
+        ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<PaidOut>;
+    fn sim_swap<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>(
         netuid: NetUid,
         order_t: OrderType,
-        amount: u64,
-    ) -> Result<SwapResult, DispatchError>;
-    fn approx_fee_amount(netuid: NetUid, amount: u64) -> u64;
+        amount: PaidIn,
+    ) -> Result<SwapResult<PaidIn, PaidOut>, DispatchError>
+    where
+        PaidIn: Currency,
+        PaidOut: Currency,
+        ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<PaidIn>,
+        ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<PaidOut>;
+    fn approx_fee_amount<T: Currency>(netuid: NetUid, amount: T) -> T;
     fn current_alpha_price(netuid: NetUid) -> U96F32;
-    fn max_price() -> u64;
-    fn min_price() -> u64;
+    fn max_price<C: Currency>() -> C;
+    fn min_price<C: Currency>() -> C;
     fn adjust_protocol_liquidity(
         netuid: NetUid,
         tao_delta: TaoCurrency,
@@ -36,12 +48,16 @@ pub trait SwapHandler<AccountId> {
     fn is_user_liquidity_enabled(netuid: NetUid) -> bool;
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
-pub struct SwapResult {
-    pub amount_paid_in: u64,
-    pub amount_paid_out: u64,
-    pub fee_paid: u64,
+#[derive(Decode, Encode, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Debug, TypeInfo)]
+pub struct SwapResult<PaidIn, PaidOut>
+where
+    PaidIn: Currency,
+    PaidOut: Currency,
+{
+    pub amount_paid_in: PaidIn,
+    pub amount_paid_out: PaidOut,
+    pub fee_paid: PaidIn,
     // For calculation of new tao/alpha reserves
-    pub tao_reserve_delta: i64,
-    pub alpha_reserve_delta: i64,
+    pub tao_reserve_delta: i128,
+    pub alpha_reserve_delta: i128,
 }
diff --git a/pallets/swap-interface/src/order.rs b/pallets/swap-interface/src/order.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e96fcf45bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pallets/swap-interface/src/order.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+use core::marker::PhantomData;
+
+use subtensor_runtime_common::Currency;
+
+pub struct OrderType<PaidIn, PaidOut>
+where
+    PaidIn: Currency,
+    PaidOut: Currency,
+{
+    amount: PaidIn,
+    _paid_in: PhantomData<PaidIn>,
+    _paid_out: PhantomData<PaidOut>,
+}
+
+pub trait Order<PaidIn: Currency, PaidOut: Currency> {}
diff --git a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs
index deebabd673..99fa7bf577 100644
--- a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use sp_arithmetic::helpers_128bit;
 use sp_runtime::traits::AccountIdConversion;
 use substrate_fixed::types::{I64F64, U64F64, U96F32};
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{
-    AlphaCurrency, BalanceOps, Currency, NetUid, SubnetInfo, TaoCurrency,
+    AlphaCurrency, BalanceOps, Currency, CurrencyReserve, NetUid, SubnetInfo, TaoCurrency,
 };
 use subtensor_swap_interface::{SwapHandler, SwapResult};
 
@@ -292,8 +292,8 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                     let sqrt_price = AlphaSqrtPrice::<T>::get(netuid);
                     U96F32::saturating_from_num(sqrt_price.saturating_mul(sqrt_price))
                 } else {
-                    let tao_reserve = T::SubnetInfo::tao_reserve(netuid.into());
-                    let alpha_reserve = T::SubnetInfo::alpha_reserve(netuid.into());
+                    let tao_reserve = T::TaoReserve::reserve(netuid.into());
+                    let alpha_reserve = T::AlphaReserve::reserve(netuid.into());
                     if !alpha_reserve.is_zero() {
                         U96F32::saturating_from_num(tao_reserve)
                             .saturating_div(U96F32::saturating_from_num(alpha_reserve))
@@ -318,8 +318,8 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
 
         // Initialize the v3:
         // Reserves are re-purposed, nothing to set, just query values for liquidity and price calculation
-        let tao_reserve = <T as Config>::SubnetInfo::tao_reserve(netuid.into());
-        let alpha_reserve = <T as Config>::SubnetInfo::alpha_reserve(netuid.into());
+        let tao_reserve = T::TaoReserve::reserve(netuid.into());
+        let alpha_reserve = T::AlphaReserve::reserve(netuid.into());
 
         // Set price
         let price = U64F64::saturating_from_num(tao_reserve)
@@ -428,22 +428,31 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     /// 2. Skips reserve checks — it may return an `amount_paid_out` greater than the available reserve.
     ///
     /// Use simulation mode to preview the outcome of a swap without modifying the blockchain state.
-    pub fn do_swap(
+    pub fn do_swap<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>(
         netuid: NetUid,
         order_type: OrderType,
-        amount: u64,
+        amount: PaidIn,
         limit_sqrt_price: SqrtPrice,
         drop_fees: bool,
         simulate: bool,
-    ) -> Result<SwapResult, DispatchError> {
+    ) -> Result<SwapResult<PaidIn, PaidOut>, DispatchError>
+    where
+        PaidIn: Currency,
+        PaidOut: Currency,
+        ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<PaidIn>,
+        ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<PaidOut>,
+    {
         transactional::with_transaction(|| {
-            // Read alpha and tao reserves before transaction
-            let tao_reserve = T::SubnetInfo::tao_reserve(netuid.into());
-            let alpha_reserve = T::SubnetInfo::alpha_reserve(netuid.into());
+            let reserve = ReserveOut::reserve(netuid.into());
 
-            let mut result =
-                Self::swap_inner(netuid, order_type, amount, limit_sqrt_price, drop_fees)
-                    .map_err(Into::into);
+            let result = Self::swap_inner::<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>(
+                netuid,
+                order_type,
+                amount,
+                limit_sqrt_price,
+                drop_fees,
+            )
+            .map_err(Into::into);
 
             if simulate || result.is_err() {
                 // Simulation only
@@ -453,13 +462,10 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
 
                 // Check if reserves are overused
                 if let Ok(ref swap_result) = result {
-                    let checked_reserve = match order_type {
-                        OrderType::Buy => alpha_reserve.to_u64(),
-                        OrderType::Sell => tao_reserve.to_u64(),
-                    };
-
-                    if checked_reserve < swap_result.amount_paid_out {
-                        result = Err(Error::<T>::InsufficientLiquidity.into());
+                    if reserve < swap_result.amount_paid_out {
+                        return TransactionOutcome::Commit(Err(
+                            Error::<T>::InsufficientLiquidity.into()
+                        ));
                     }
                 }
 
@@ -468,25 +474,23 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         })
     }
 
-    fn swap_inner(
+    fn swap_inner<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>(
         netuid: NetUid,
         order_type: OrderType,
-        amount: u64,
+        amount: PaidIn,
         limit_sqrt_price: SqrtPrice,
         drop_fees: bool,
-    ) -> Result<SwapResult, Error<T>> {
-        match order_type {
-            OrderType::Buy => ensure!(
-                T::SubnetInfo::alpha_reserve(netuid.into()).to_u64()
-                    >= T::MinimumReserve::get().get(),
-                Error::<T>::ReservesTooLow
-            ),
-            OrderType::Sell => ensure!(
-                T::SubnetInfo::tao_reserve(netuid.into()).to_u64()
-                    >= T::MinimumReserve::get().get(),
-                Error::<T>::ReservesTooLow
-            ),
-        }
+    ) -> Result<SwapResult<PaidIn, PaidOut>, Error<T>>
+    where
+        PaidIn: Currency,
+        PaidOut: Currency,
+        ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<PaidIn>,
+        ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<PaidOut>,
+    {
+        ensure!(
+            ReserveOut::reserve(netuid).to_u64() >= T::MinimumReserve::get().get(),
+            Error::<T>::ReservesTooLow
+        );
 
         Self::maybe_initialize_v3(netuid)?;
 
@@ -512,7 +516,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         log::trace!("Amount Remaining: {amount_remaining}");
 
         // Swap one tick at a time until we reach one of the stop conditions
-        while amount_remaining > 0 {
+        while !amount_remaining.is_zero() {
             log::trace!("\nIteration: {iteration_counter}");
             log::trace!(
                 "\tCurrent Liquidity: {}",
@@ -523,7 +527,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             let mut swap_step = SwapStep::<T>::new(
                 netuid,
                 order_type,
-                amount_remaining,
+                amount_remaining.into(),
                 limit_sqrt_price,
                 drop_fees,
             );
@@ -532,16 +536,16 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
 
             in_acc = in_acc.saturating_add(swap_result.delta_in);
             fee_acc = fee_acc.saturating_add(swap_result.fee_paid);
-            amount_remaining = amount_remaining.saturating_sub(swap_result.amount_to_take);
+            amount_remaining = amount_remaining.saturating_sub(swap_result.amount_to_take.into());
             amount_paid_out = amount_paid_out.saturating_add(swap_result.delta_out);
 
             if swap_step.action == SwapStepAction::Stop {
-                amount_remaining = 0;
+                amount_remaining = PaidIn::ZERO;
             }
 
             // The swap step didn't exchange anything
             if swap_result.amount_to_take == 0 {
-                amount_remaining = 0;
+                amount_remaining = PaidIn::ZERO;
             }
 
             iteration_counter = iteration_counter.saturating_add(1);
@@ -556,14 +560,14 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         log::trace!("======== End Swap ========");
 
         let (tao_reserve_delta, alpha_reserve_delta) = match order_type {
-            OrderType::Buy => (in_acc as i64, (amount_paid_out as i64).neg()),
-            OrderType::Sell => ((amount_paid_out as i64).neg(), in_acc as i64),
+            OrderType::Buy => (in_acc as i128, (amount_paid_out as i128).neg()),
+            OrderType::Sell => ((amount_paid_out as i128).neg(), in_acc as i128),
         };
 
         Ok(SwapResult {
-            amount_paid_in: in_acc,
-            amount_paid_out,
-            fee_paid: fee_acc,
+            amount_paid_in: in_acc.into(),
+            amount_paid_out: amount_paid_out.into(),
+            fee_paid: fee_acc.into(),
             tao_reserve_delta,
             alpha_reserve_delta,
         })
@@ -712,8 +716,12 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         // No liquidity means that price should go to the limit
         if liquidity_curr == 0 {
             return match order_type {
-                OrderType::Sell => SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(Self::min_price()),
-                OrderType::Buy => SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(Self::max_price()),
+                OrderType::Sell => {
+                    SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(Self::min_price::<AlphaCurrency>().to_u64())
+                }
+                OrderType::Buy => {
+                    SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(Self::max_price::<TaoCurrency>().to_u64())
+                }
             };
         }
 
@@ -1215,20 +1223,26 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
 }
 
 impl<T: Config> SwapHandler<T::AccountId> for Pallet<T> {
-    fn swap(
+    fn swap<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>(
         netuid: NetUid,
         order_t: OrderType,
-        amount: u64,
-        price_limit: u64,
+        amount: PaidIn,
+        price_limit: TaoCurrency,
         drop_fees: bool,
         should_rollback: bool,
-    ) -> Result<SwapResult, DispatchError> {
-        let limit_sqrt_price = SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(price_limit)
+    ) -> Result<SwapResult<PaidIn, PaidOut>, DispatchError>
+    where
+        PaidIn: Currency,
+        PaidOut: Currency,
+        ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<PaidIn>,
+        ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<PaidOut>,
+    {
+        let limit_sqrt_price = SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(price_limit.to_u64())
             .safe_div(SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(1_000_000_000))
             .checked_sqrt(SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(0.0000000001))
             .ok_or(Error::<T>::PriceLimitExceeded)?;
 
-        Self::do_swap(
+        Self::do_swap::<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>(
             NetUid::from(netuid),
             order_t,
             amount,
@@ -1239,51 +1253,67 @@ impl<T: Config> SwapHandler<T::AccountId> for Pallet<T> {
         .map_err(Into::into)
     }
 
-    fn sim_swap(
+    fn sim_swap<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>(
         netuid: NetUid,
         order_t: OrderType,
-        amount: u64,
-    ) -> Result<SwapResult, DispatchError> {
+        amount: PaidIn,
+    ) -> Result<SwapResult<PaidIn, PaidOut>, DispatchError>
+    where
+        PaidIn: Currency,
+        PaidOut: Currency,
+        ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<PaidIn>,
+        ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<PaidOut>,
+    {
         match T::SubnetInfo::mechanism(netuid) {
             1 => {
                 let price_limit = match order_t {
-                    OrderType::Buy => Self::max_price(),
-                    OrderType::Sell => Self::min_price(),
-                };
+                    OrderType::Buy => Self::max_price::<TaoCurrency>(),
+                    OrderType::Sell => Self::min_price::<TaoCurrency>(),
+                }
+                .to_u64();
 
-                Self::swap(netuid, order_t, amount, price_limit, false, true)
+                Self::swap::<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>(
+                    netuid,
+                    order_t,
+                    amount,
+                    price_limit.into(),
+                    false,
+                    true,
+                )
             }
             _ => Ok(SwapResult {
                 amount_paid_in: amount,
-                amount_paid_out: amount,
-                fee_paid: 0,
+                amount_paid_out: amount.to_u64().into(),
+                fee_paid: 0.into(),
                 tao_reserve_delta: 0,
                 alpha_reserve_delta: 0,
             }),
         }
     }
 
-    fn approx_fee_amount(netuid: NetUid, amount: u64) -> u64 {
-        Self::calculate_fee_amount(netuid.into(), amount, false)
+    fn approx_fee_amount<C: Currency>(netuid: NetUid, amount: C) -> C {
+        Self::calculate_fee_amount(netuid, amount.to_u64(), false).into()
     }
 
     fn current_alpha_price(netuid: NetUid) -> U96F32 {
         Self::current_price(netuid.into())
     }
 
-    fn min_price() -> u64 {
+    fn min_price<C: Currency>() -> C {
         TickIndex::min_sqrt_price()
             .saturating_mul(TickIndex::min_sqrt_price())
             .saturating_mul(SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(1_000_000_000))
-            .saturating_to_num()
+            .saturating_to_num::<u64>()
+            .into()
     }
 
-    fn max_price() -> u64 {
+    fn max_price<C: Currency>() -> C {
         TickIndex::max_sqrt_price()
             .saturating_mul(TickIndex::max_sqrt_price())
             .saturating_mul(SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(1_000_000_000))
             .saturating_round()
-            .saturating_to_num()
+            .saturating_to_num::<u64>()
+            .into()
     }
 
     fn adjust_protocol_liquidity(
diff --git a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/mod.rs b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/mod.rs
index 894099de7f..a7f3520541 100644
--- a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/mod.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/mod.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use frame_support::{PalletId, pallet_prelude::*, traits::Get};
 use frame_system::pallet_prelude::*;
 use substrate_fixed::types::U64F64;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{
-    AlphaCurrency, BalanceOps, Currency, NetUid, SubnetInfo, TaoCurrency,
+    AlphaCurrency, BalanceOps, Currency, CurrencyReserve, NetUid, SubnetInfo, TaoCurrency,
 };
 
 use crate::{
@@ -39,6 +39,12 @@ mod pallet {
         /// [`SubnetInfo`](subtensor_swap_interface::SubnetInfo).
         type SubnetInfo: SubnetInfo<Self::AccountId>;
 
+        /// Tao reserves info.
+        type TaoReserve: CurrencyReserve<TaoCurrency>;
+
+        /// Alpha reserves info.
+        type AlphaReserve: CurrencyReserve<AlphaCurrency>;
+
         /// Implementor of
         /// [`BalanceOps`](subtensor_swap_interface::BalanceOps).
         type BalanceOps: BalanceOps<Self::AccountId>;
@@ -386,8 +392,8 @@ mod pallet {
             ensure!(alpha_provided == alpha, Error::<T>::InsufficientBalance);
 
             // Add provided liquidity to user-provided reserves
-            T::BalanceOps::increase_provided_tao_reserve(netuid.into(), tao_provided);
-            T::BalanceOps::increase_provided_alpha_reserve(netuid.into(), alpha_provided);
+            T::TaoReserve::increase_provided(netuid.into(), tao_provided);
+            T::AlphaReserve::increase_provided(netuid.into(), alpha_provided);
 
             // Emit an event
             Self::deposit_event(Event::LiquidityAdded {
@@ -442,8 +448,8 @@ mod pallet {
             )?;
 
             // Remove withdrawn liquidity from user-provided reserves
-            T::BalanceOps::decrease_provided_tao_reserve(netuid.into(), result.tao);
-            T::BalanceOps::decrease_provided_alpha_reserve(netuid.into(), result.alpha);
+            T::TaoReserve::decrease_provided(netuid.into(), result.tao);
+            T::AlphaReserve::decrease_provided(netuid.into(), result.alpha);
 
             // Emit an event
             Self::deposit_event(Event::LiquidityRemoved {

From f7726fc8885dcbfb13be0040c98f3a07a3c29b74 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aliaksandr Tsurko <ales@opentensor.dev>
Date: Wed, 27 Aug 2025 14:31:42 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 002/218] Abstract SwapStep

---
 pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs    |   4 +-
 pallets/swap-interface/src/order.rs  |  31 +-
 pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs     | 569 +++-----------------------
 pallets/swap/src/pallet/mod.rs       |   1 +
 pallets/swap/src/pallet/swap_step.rs | 576 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 5 files changed, 664 insertions(+), 517 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 pallets/swap/src/pallet/swap_step.rs

diff --git a/pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs b/pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs
index 00540ca378..5bb92c948d 100644
--- a/pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ use frame_support::pallet_prelude::*;
 use substrate_fixed::types::U96F32;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, CurrencyReserve, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
 
-pub mod order;
+pub use order::*;
+
+mod order;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum OrderType {
diff --git a/pallets/swap-interface/src/order.rs b/pallets/swap-interface/src/order.rs
index e96fcf45bd..44ec9513d1 100644
--- a/pallets/swap-interface/src/order.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap-interface/src/order.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,15 @@
 use core::marker::PhantomData;
 
-use subtensor_runtime_common::Currency;
+use substrate_fixed::types::U64F64;
+use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, TaoCurrency};
 
-pub struct OrderType<PaidIn, PaidOut>
+pub trait Order<PaidIn: Currency, PaidOut: Currency>: Clone {
+    fn amount(&self) -> PaidIn;
+    fn is_beyond_price_limit(&self, alpha_sqrt_price: U64F64, limit_sqrt_price: U64F64) -> bool;
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct BasicOrder<PaidIn, PaidOut>
 where
     PaidIn: Currency,
     PaidOut: Currency,
@@ -12,4 +19,22 @@ where
     _paid_out: PhantomData<PaidOut>,
 }
 
-pub trait Order<PaidIn: Currency, PaidOut: Currency> {}
+impl Order<TaoCurrency, AlphaCurrency> for BasicOrder<TaoCurrency, AlphaCurrency> {
+    fn amount(&self) -> TaoCurrency {
+        self.amount
+    }
+
+    fn is_beyond_price_limit(&self, alpha_sqrt_price: U64F64, limit_sqrt_price: U64F64) -> bool {
+        alpha_sqrt_price < limit_sqrt_price
+    }
+}
+
+impl Order<AlphaCurrency, TaoCurrency> for BasicOrder<AlphaCurrency, TaoCurrency> {
+    fn amount(&self) -> AlphaCurrency {
+        self.amount
+    }
+
+    fn is_beyond_price_limit(&self, alpha_sqrt_price: U64F64, limit_sqrt_price: U64F64) -> bool {
+        alpha_sqrt_price > limit_sqrt_price
+    }
+}
diff --git a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs
index 99fa7bf577..fe93c53ba2 100644
--- a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-use core::marker::PhantomData;
 use core::ops::Neg;
 
 use frame_support::storage::{TransactionOutcome, transactional};
@@ -10,9 +9,10 @@ use substrate_fixed::types::{I64F64, U64F64, U96F32};
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{
     AlphaCurrency, BalanceOps, Currency, CurrencyReserve, NetUid, SubnetInfo, TaoCurrency,
 };
-use subtensor_swap_interface::{SwapHandler, SwapResult};
+use subtensor_swap_interface::{Order as OrderT, SwapHandler, SwapResult};
 
 use super::pallet::*;
+use super::swap_step::{SwapStep, SwapStepAction};
 use crate::{
     OrderType, SqrtPrice,
     position::{Position, PositionId},
@@ -42,247 +42,6 @@ pub struct RemoveLiquidityResult {
     pub tick_high: TickIndex,
     pub liquidity: u64,
 }
-/// A struct representing a single swap step with all its parameters and state
-struct SwapStep<T: frame_system::Config> {
-    // Input parameters
-    netuid: NetUid,
-    order_type: OrderType,
-    drop_fees: bool,
-
-    // Computed values
-    current_liquidity: U64F64,
-    possible_delta_in: u64,
-
-    // Ticks and prices (current, limit, edge, target)
-    target_sqrt_price: SqrtPrice,
-    limit_sqrt_price: SqrtPrice,
-    current_sqrt_price: SqrtPrice,
-    edge_sqrt_price: SqrtPrice,
-    edge_tick: TickIndex,
-
-    // Result values
-    action: SwapStepAction,
-    delta_in: u64,
-    final_price: SqrtPrice,
-    fee: u64,
-
-    // Phantom data to use T
-    _phantom: PhantomData<T>,
-}
-
-impl<T: Config> SwapStep<T> {
-    /// Creates and initializes a new swap step
-    fn new(
-        netuid: NetUid,
-        order_type: OrderType,
-        amount_remaining: u64,
-        limit_sqrt_price: SqrtPrice,
-        drop_fees: bool,
-    ) -> Self {
-        // Calculate prices and ticks
-        let current_tick = CurrentTick::<T>::get(netuid);
-        let current_sqrt_price = Pallet::<T>::current_price_sqrt(netuid);
-        let edge_tick = Pallet::<T>::tick_edge(netuid, current_tick, order_type);
-        let edge_sqrt_price = edge_tick.as_sqrt_price_bounded();
-
-        let fee = Pallet::<T>::calculate_fee_amount(netuid, amount_remaining, drop_fees);
-        let possible_delta_in = amount_remaining.saturating_sub(fee);
-
-        // Target price and quantities
-        let current_liquidity = U64F64::saturating_from_num(CurrentLiquidity::<T>::get(netuid));
-        let target_sqrt_price = Pallet::<T>::sqrt_price_target(
-            order_type,
-            current_liquidity,
-            current_sqrt_price,
-            possible_delta_in,
-        );
-
-        Self {
-            netuid,
-            order_type,
-            drop_fees,
-            target_sqrt_price,
-            limit_sqrt_price,
-            current_sqrt_price,
-            edge_sqrt_price,
-            edge_tick,
-            possible_delta_in,
-            current_liquidity,
-            action: SwapStepAction::Stop,
-            delta_in: 0,
-            final_price: target_sqrt_price,
-            fee,
-            _phantom: PhantomData,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Execute the swap step and return the result
-    fn execute(&mut self) -> Result<SwapStepResult, Error<T>> {
-        self.determine_action();
-        self.process_swap()
-    }
-
-    /// Returns True if sq_price1 is closer to the current price than sq_price2
-    /// in terms of order direction.
-    ///    For buying:  sq_price1 <= sq_price2
-    ///    For selling: sq_price1 >= sq_price2
-    ///
-    fn price_is_closer(&self, sq_price1: &SqrtPrice, sq_price2: &SqrtPrice) -> bool {
-        match self.order_type {
-            OrderType::Buy => sq_price1 <= sq_price2,
-            OrderType::Sell => sq_price1 >= sq_price2,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Determine the appropriate action for this swap step
-    fn determine_action(&mut self) {
-        let mut recalculate_fee = false;
-
-        // Calculate the stopping price: The price at which we either reach the limit price,
-        // exchange the full amount, or reach the edge price.
-        if self.price_is_closer(&self.target_sqrt_price, &self.limit_sqrt_price)
-            && self.price_is_closer(&self.target_sqrt_price, &self.edge_sqrt_price)
-        {
-            // Case 1. target_quantity is the lowest
-            // The trade completely happens within one tick, no tick crossing happens.
-            self.action = SwapStepAction::Stop;
-            self.final_price = self.target_sqrt_price;
-            self.delta_in = self.possible_delta_in;
-        } else if self.price_is_closer(&self.limit_sqrt_price, &self.target_sqrt_price)
-            && self.price_is_closer(&self.limit_sqrt_price, &self.edge_sqrt_price)
-        {
-            // Case 2. lim_quantity is the lowest
-            // The trade also completely happens within one tick, no tick crossing happens.
-            self.action = SwapStepAction::Stop;
-            self.final_price = self.limit_sqrt_price;
-            self.delta_in = Self::delta_in(
-                self.order_type,
-                self.current_liquidity,
-                self.current_sqrt_price,
-                self.limit_sqrt_price,
-            );
-            recalculate_fee = true;
-        } else {
-            // Case 3. edge_quantity is the lowest
-            // Tick crossing is likely
-            self.action = SwapStepAction::Crossing;
-            self.delta_in = Self::delta_in(
-                self.order_type,
-                self.current_liquidity,
-                self.current_sqrt_price,
-                self.edge_sqrt_price,
-            );
-            self.final_price = self.edge_sqrt_price;
-            recalculate_fee = true;
-        }
-
-        log::trace!("\tAction           : {:?}", self.action);
-        log::trace!(
-            "\tCurrent Price    : {}",
-            self.current_sqrt_price
-                .saturating_mul(self.current_sqrt_price)
-        );
-        log::trace!(
-            "\tTarget Price     : {}",
-            self.target_sqrt_price
-                .saturating_mul(self.target_sqrt_price)
-        );
-        log::trace!(
-            "\tLimit Price      : {}",
-            self.limit_sqrt_price.saturating_mul(self.limit_sqrt_price)
-        );
-        log::trace!(
-            "\tEdge Price       : {}",
-            self.edge_sqrt_price.saturating_mul(self.edge_sqrt_price)
-        );
-        log::trace!("\tDelta In         : {}", self.delta_in);
-
-        // Because on step creation we calculate fee off the total amount, we might need to recalculate it
-        // in case if we hit the limit price or the edge price.
-        if recalculate_fee {
-            let u16_max = U64F64::saturating_from_num(u16::MAX);
-            let fee_rate = if self.drop_fees {
-                U64F64::saturating_from_num(0)
-            } else {
-                U64F64::saturating_from_num(FeeRate::<T>::get(self.netuid))
-            };
-            let delta_fixed = U64F64::saturating_from_num(self.delta_in);
-            self.fee = delta_fixed
-                .saturating_mul(fee_rate.safe_div(u16_max.saturating_sub(fee_rate)))
-                .saturating_to_num::<u64>();
-        }
-
-        // Now correct the action if we stopped exactly at the edge no matter what was the case above
-        // Because order type buy moves the price up and tick semi-open interval doesn't include its right
-        // point, we cross on buys and stop on sells.
-        let natural_reason_stop_price =
-            if self.price_is_closer(&self.limit_sqrt_price, &self.target_sqrt_price) {
-                self.limit_sqrt_price
-            } else {
-                self.target_sqrt_price
-            };
-        if natural_reason_stop_price == self.edge_sqrt_price {
-            self.action = match self.order_type {
-                OrderType::Buy => SwapStepAction::Crossing,
-                OrderType::Sell => SwapStepAction::Stop,
-            };
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Process a single step of a swap
-    fn process_swap(&self) -> Result<SwapStepResult, Error<T>> {
-        // Hold the fees
-        Pallet::<T>::add_fees(self.netuid, self.order_type, self.fee);
-        let delta_out = Pallet::<T>::convert_deltas(self.netuid, self.order_type, self.delta_in);
-        log::trace!("\tDelta Out        : {delta_out:?}");
-
-        if self.action == SwapStepAction::Crossing {
-            let mut tick = Ticks::<T>::get(self.netuid, self.edge_tick).unwrap_or_default();
-            tick.fees_out_tao = I64F64::saturating_from_num(FeeGlobalTao::<T>::get(self.netuid))
-                .saturating_sub(tick.fees_out_tao);
-            tick.fees_out_alpha =
-                I64F64::saturating_from_num(FeeGlobalAlpha::<T>::get(self.netuid))
-                    .saturating_sub(tick.fees_out_alpha);
-            Pallet::<T>::update_liquidity_at_crossing(self.netuid, self.order_type)?;
-            Ticks::<T>::insert(self.netuid, self.edge_tick, tick);
-        }
-
-        // Update current price
-        AlphaSqrtPrice::<T>::set(self.netuid, self.final_price);
-
-        // Update current tick
-        let new_current_tick = TickIndex::from_sqrt_price_bounded(self.final_price);
-        CurrentTick::<T>::set(self.netuid, new_current_tick);
-
-        Ok(SwapStepResult {
-            amount_to_take: self.delta_in.saturating_add(self.fee),
-            fee_paid: self.fee,
-            delta_in: self.delta_in,
-            delta_out,
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Get the input amount needed to reach the target price
-    fn delta_in(
-        order_type: OrderType,
-        liquidity_curr: U64F64,
-        sqrt_price_curr: SqrtPrice,
-        sqrt_price_target: SqrtPrice,
-    ) -> u64 {
-        let one = U64F64::saturating_from_num(1);
-
-        (match order_type {
-            OrderType::Sell => liquidity_curr.saturating_mul(
-                one.safe_div(sqrt_price_target.into())
-                    .saturating_sub(one.safe_div(sqrt_price_curr)),
-            ),
-            OrderType::Buy => {
-                liquidity_curr.saturating_mul(sqrt_price_target.saturating_sub(sqrt_price_curr))
-            }
-        })
-        .saturating_to_num::<u64>()
-    }
-}
 
 impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     pub fn current_price(netuid: NetUid) -> U96F32 {
@@ -306,10 +65,6 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn current_price_sqrt(netuid: NetUid) -> SqrtPrice {
-        AlphaSqrtPrice::<T>::get(netuid)
-    }
-
     // initializes V3 swap for a subnet if needed
     pub(super) fn maybe_initialize_v3(netuid: NetUid) -> Result<(), Error<T>> {
         if SwapV3Initialized::<T>::get(netuid) {
@@ -372,7 +127,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             let (tao_fees, alpha_fees) = position.collect_fees();
 
             // Adjust liquidity
-            let current_sqrt_price = Pallet::<T>::current_price_sqrt(netuid);
+            let current_sqrt_price = AlphaSqrtPrice::<T>::get(netuid);
             let maybe_token_amounts = position.to_token_amounts(current_sqrt_price);
             if let Ok((tao, alpha)) = maybe_token_amounts {
                 // Get updated reserves, calculate liquidity
@@ -428,10 +183,9 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     /// 2. Skips reserve checks — it may return an `amount_paid_out` greater than the available reserve.
     ///
     /// Use simulation mode to preview the outcome of a swap without modifying the blockchain state.
-    pub fn do_swap<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>(
+    pub fn do_swap<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut, Order>(
         netuid: NetUid,
-        order_type: OrderType,
-        amount: PaidIn,
+        order: Order,
         limit_sqrt_price: SqrtPrice,
         drop_fees: bool,
         simulate: bool,
@@ -441,14 +195,14 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         PaidOut: Currency,
         ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<PaidIn>,
         ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<PaidOut>,
+        Order: OrderT<PaidIn, PaidOut>,
     {
         transactional::with_transaction(|| {
             let reserve = ReserveOut::reserve(netuid.into());
 
-            let result = Self::swap_inner::<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>(
+            let result = Self::swap_inner::<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut, Order>(
                 netuid,
-                order_type,
-                amount,
+                order,
                 limit_sqrt_price,
                 drop_fees,
             )
@@ -474,10 +228,9 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         })
     }
 
-    fn swap_inner<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>(
+    fn swap_inner<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut, Order>(
         netuid: NetUid,
-        order_type: OrderType,
-        amount: PaidIn,
+        order: Order,
         limit_sqrt_price: SqrtPrice,
         drop_fees: bool,
     ) -> Result<SwapResult<PaidIn, PaidOut>, Error<T>>
@@ -486,6 +239,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         PaidOut: Currency,
         ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<PaidIn>,
         ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<PaidOut>,
+        Order: OrderT<PaidIn, PaidOut>,
     {
         ensure!(
             ReserveOut::reserve(netuid).to_u64() >= T::MinimumReserve::get().get(),
@@ -495,18 +249,12 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         Self::maybe_initialize_v3(netuid)?;
 
         // Because user specifies the limit price, check that it is in fact beoynd the current one
-        match order_type {
-            OrderType::Buy => ensure!(
-                AlphaSqrtPrice::<T>::get(netuid) < limit_sqrt_price,
-                Error::<T>::PriceLimitExceeded
-            ),
-            OrderType::Sell => ensure!(
-                AlphaSqrtPrice::<T>::get(netuid) > limit_sqrt_price,
-                Error::<T>::PriceLimitExceeded
-            ),
-        };
+        ensure!(
+            order.is_beyond_price_limit(AlphaSqrtPrice::<T>::get(netuid), limit_sqrt_price),
+            Error::<T>::PriceLimitExceeded
+        );
 
-        let mut amount_remaining = amount;
+        let mut amount_remaining = order.amount();
         let mut amount_paid_out: u64 = 0;
         let mut iteration_counter: u16 = 0;
         let mut in_acc: u64 = 0;
@@ -524,13 +272,8 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             );
 
             // Create and execute a swap step
-            let mut swap_step = SwapStep::<T>::new(
-                netuid,
-                order_type,
-                amount_remaining.into(),
-                limit_sqrt_price,
-                drop_fees,
-            );
+            let mut swap_step =
+                SwapStep::<T>::new(netuid, order, amount_remaining, limit_sqrt_price, drop_fees);
 
             let swap_result = swap_step.execute()?;
 
@@ -573,223 +316,29 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         })
     }
 
-    /// Get the tick at the current tick edge for the given direction (order type) If
-    /// order type is Buy, then edge tick is the high tick, otherwise it is the low
-    /// tick.
-    ///
-    /// If anything is wrong with tick math and it returns Err, we just abort the deal, i.e. return
-    /// the edge that is impossible to execute
-    fn tick_edge(netuid: NetUid, current_tick: TickIndex, order_type: OrderType) -> TickIndex {
-        match order_type {
-            OrderType::Buy => ActiveTickIndexManager::<T>::find_closest_higher(
-                netuid,
-                current_tick.next().unwrap_or(TickIndex::MAX),
-            )
-            .unwrap_or(TickIndex::MAX),
-            OrderType::Sell => {
-                let current_price = Pallet::<T>::current_price_sqrt(netuid);
-                let current_tick_price = current_tick.as_sqrt_price_bounded();
-                let is_active = ActiveTickIndexManager::<T>::tick_is_active(netuid, current_tick);
-
-                if is_active && current_price > current_tick_price {
-                    ActiveTickIndexManager::<T>::find_closest_lower(netuid, current_tick)
-                        .unwrap_or(TickIndex::MIN)
-                } else {
-                    ActiveTickIndexManager::<T>::find_closest_lower(
-                        netuid,
-                        current_tick.prev().unwrap_or(TickIndex::MIN),
-                    )
-                    .unwrap_or(TickIndex::MIN)
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
     /// Calculate fee amount
     ///
     /// Fee is provided by state ops as u16-normalized value.
-    fn calculate_fee_amount(netuid: NetUid, amount: u64, drop_fees: bool) -> u64 {
+    pub(crate) fn calculate_fee_amount<C: Currency>(
+        netuid: NetUid,
+        amount: C,
+        drop_fees: bool,
+    ) -> C {
         if drop_fees {
-            0
-        } else {
-            match T::SubnetInfo::mechanism(netuid) {
-                1 => {
-                    let fee_rate = U64F64::saturating_from_num(FeeRate::<T>::get(netuid))
-                        .safe_div(U64F64::saturating_from_num(u16::MAX));
-                    U64F64::saturating_from_num(amount)
-                        .saturating_mul(fee_rate)
-                        .saturating_to_num::<u64>()
-                }
-                _ => 0,
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Add fees to the global fee counters
-    fn add_fees(netuid: NetUid, order_type: OrderType, fee: u64) {
-        let liquidity_curr = Self::current_liquidity_safe(netuid);
-
-        if liquidity_curr == 0 {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        let fee_global_tao = FeeGlobalTao::<T>::get(netuid);
-        let fee_global_alpha = FeeGlobalAlpha::<T>::get(netuid);
-        let fee_fixed = U64F64::saturating_from_num(fee);
-
-        match order_type {
-            OrderType::Sell => {
-                FeeGlobalAlpha::<T>::set(
-                    netuid,
-                    fee_global_alpha.saturating_add(fee_fixed.safe_div(liquidity_curr)),
-                );
-            }
-            OrderType::Buy => {
-                FeeGlobalTao::<T>::set(
-                    netuid,
-                    fee_global_tao.saturating_add(fee_fixed.safe_div(liquidity_curr)),
-                );
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Convert input amount (delta_in) to output amount (delta_out)
-    ///
-    /// This is the core method of uniswap V3 that tells how much output token is given for an
-    /// amount of input token within one price tick.
-    pub(super) fn convert_deltas(netuid: NetUid, order_type: OrderType, delta_in: u64) -> u64 {
-        // Skip conversion if delta_in is zero
-        if delta_in == 0 {
-            return 0;
-        }
-
-        let liquidity_curr = SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(CurrentLiquidity::<T>::get(netuid));
-        let sqrt_price_curr = Pallet::<T>::current_price_sqrt(netuid);
-        let delta_fixed = SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(delta_in);
-
-        // Calculate result based on order type with proper fixed-point math
-        // Using safe math operations throughout to prevent overflows
-        let result = match order_type {
-            OrderType::Sell => {
-                // liquidity_curr / (liquidity_curr / sqrt_price_curr + delta_fixed);
-                let denom = liquidity_curr
-                    .safe_div(sqrt_price_curr)
-                    .saturating_add(delta_fixed);
-                let a = liquidity_curr.safe_div(denom);
-                // a * sqrt_price_curr;
-                let b = a.saturating_mul(sqrt_price_curr);
-
-                // delta_fixed * b;
-                delta_fixed.saturating_mul(b)
-            }
-            OrderType::Buy => {
-                // (liquidity_curr * sqrt_price_curr + delta_fixed) * sqrt_price_curr;
-                let a = liquidity_curr
-                    .saturating_mul(sqrt_price_curr)
-                    .saturating_add(delta_fixed)
-                    .saturating_mul(sqrt_price_curr);
-                // liquidity_curr / a;
-                let b = liquidity_curr.safe_div(a);
-                // b * delta_fixed;
-                b.saturating_mul(delta_fixed)
-            }
-        };
-
-        result.saturating_to_num::<u64>()
-    }
-
-    /// Get the target square root price based on the input amount
-    ///
-    /// This is the price that would be reached if
-    ///    - There are no liquidity positions other than protocol liquidity
-    ///    - Full delta_in amount is executed
-    ///
-    fn sqrt_price_target(
-        order_type: OrderType,
-        liquidity_curr: U64F64,
-        sqrt_price_curr: SqrtPrice,
-        delta_in: u64,
-    ) -> SqrtPrice {
-        let delta_fixed = U64F64::saturating_from_num(delta_in);
-        let one = U64F64::saturating_from_num(1);
-
-        // No liquidity means that price should go to the limit
-        if liquidity_curr == 0 {
-            return match order_type {
-                OrderType::Sell => {
-                    SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(Self::min_price::<AlphaCurrency>().to_u64())
-                }
-                OrderType::Buy => {
-                    SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(Self::max_price::<TaoCurrency>().to_u64())
-                }
-            };
-        }
-
-        match order_type {
-            OrderType::Sell => one.safe_div(
-                delta_fixed
-                    .safe_div(liquidity_curr)
-                    .saturating_add(one.safe_div(sqrt_price_curr)),
-            ),
-            OrderType::Buy => delta_fixed
-                .safe_div(liquidity_curr)
-                .saturating_add(sqrt_price_curr),
+            return C::ZERO;
         }
-    }
-
-    /// Update liquidity when crossing a tick
-    fn update_liquidity_at_crossing(netuid: NetUid, order_type: OrderType) -> Result<(), Error<T>> {
-        let mut liquidity_curr = CurrentLiquidity::<T>::get(netuid);
-        let current_tick_index = TickIndex::current_bounded::<T>(netuid);
 
-        // Find the appropriate tick based on order type
-        let tick = match order_type {
-            OrderType::Sell => {
-                // Self::find_closest_lower_active_tick(netuid, current_tick_index)
-                let current_price = Pallet::<T>::current_price_sqrt(netuid);
-                let current_tick_price = current_tick_index.as_sqrt_price_bounded();
-                let is_active =
-                    ActiveTickIndexManager::<T>::tick_is_active(netuid, current_tick_index);
-
-                let lower_tick = if is_active && current_price > current_tick_price {
-                    ActiveTickIndexManager::<T>::find_closest_lower(netuid, current_tick_index)
-                        .unwrap_or(TickIndex::MIN)
-                } else {
-                    ActiveTickIndexManager::<T>::find_closest_lower(
-                        netuid,
-                        current_tick_index.prev().unwrap_or(TickIndex::MIN),
-                    )
-                    .unwrap_or(TickIndex::MIN)
-                };
-                Ticks::<T>::get(netuid, lower_tick)
-            }
-            OrderType::Buy => {
-                // Self::find_closest_higher_active_tick(netuid, current_tick_index),
-                let upper_tick = ActiveTickIndexManager::<T>::find_closest_higher(
-                    netuid,
-                    current_tick_index.next().unwrap_or(TickIndex::MAX),
-                )
-                .unwrap_or(TickIndex::MAX);
-                Ticks::<T>::get(netuid, upper_tick)
+        match T::SubnetInfo::mechanism(netuid) {
+            1 => {
+                let fee_rate = U64F64::saturating_from_num(FeeRate::<T>::get(netuid))
+                    .safe_div(U64F64::saturating_from_num(u16::MAX));
+                U64F64::saturating_from_num(amount)
+                    .saturating_mul(fee_rate)
+                    .saturating_to_num::<u64>()
+                    .into()
             }
+            _ => C::ZERO,
         }
-        .ok_or(Error::<T>::InsufficientLiquidity)?;
-
-        let liquidity_update_abs_u64 = tick.liquidity_net_as_u64();
-
-        // Update liquidity based on the sign of liquidity_net and the order type
-        liquidity_curr = match (order_type, tick.liquidity_net >= 0) {
-            (OrderType::Sell, true) | (OrderType::Buy, false) => {
-                liquidity_curr.saturating_sub(liquidity_update_abs_u64)
-            }
-            (OrderType::Sell, false) | (OrderType::Buy, true) => {
-                liquidity_curr.saturating_add(liquidity_update_abs_u64)
-            }
-        };
-
-        CurrentLiquidity::<T>::set(netuid, liquidity_curr);
-
-        Ok(())
     }
 
     pub fn find_closest_lower_active_tick(netuid: NetUid, index: TickIndex) -> Option<Tick> {
@@ -803,7 +352,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     }
 
     /// Here we subtract minimum safe liquidity from current liquidity to stay in the safe range
-    fn current_liquidity_safe(netuid: NetUid) -> U64F64 {
+    pub(crate) fn current_liquidity_safe(netuid: NetUid) -> U64F64 {
         U64F64::saturating_from_num(
             CurrentLiquidity::<T>::get(netuid).saturating_sub(T::MinimumLiquidity::get()),
         )
@@ -914,7 +463,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         let position_id = PositionId::new::<T>();
         let position = Position::new(position_id, netuid, tick_low, tick_high, liquidity);
 
-        let current_price_sqrt = Pallet::<T>::current_price_sqrt(netuid);
+        let current_price_sqrt = AlphaSqrtPrice::<T>::get(netuid);
         let (tao, alpha) = position.to_token_amounts(current_price_sqrt)?;
 
         SwapV3Initialized::<T>::set(netuid, true);
@@ -993,7 +542,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         let mut delta_liquidity_abs = liquidity_delta.unsigned_abs();
 
         // Determine the effective price for token calculations
-        let current_price_sqrt = Pallet::<T>::current_price_sqrt(netuid);
+        let current_price_sqrt = AlphaSqrtPrice::<T>::get(netuid);
         let sqrt_pa: SqrtPrice = position
             .tick_low
             .try_to_sqrt_price()
@@ -1220,6 +769,23 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     pub fn protocol_account_id() -> T::AccountId {
         T::ProtocolId::get().into_account_truncating()
     }
+
+    pub(crate) fn min_price_inner<C: Currency>() -> C {
+        TickIndex::min_sqrt_price()
+            .saturating_mul(TickIndex::min_sqrt_price())
+            .saturating_mul(SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(1_000_000_000))
+            .saturating_to_num::<u64>()
+            .into()
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn max_price_inner<C: Currency>() -> C {
+        TickIndex::max_sqrt_price()
+            .saturating_mul(TickIndex::max_sqrt_price())
+            .saturating_mul(SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(1_000_000_000))
+            .saturating_round()
+            .saturating_to_num::<u64>()
+            .into()
+    }
 }
 
 impl<T: Config> SwapHandler<T::AccountId> for Pallet<T> {
@@ -1292,7 +858,7 @@ impl<T: Config> SwapHandler<T::AccountId> for Pallet<T> {
     }
 
     fn approx_fee_amount<C: Currency>(netuid: NetUid, amount: C) -> C {
-        Self::calculate_fee_amount(netuid, amount.to_u64(), false).into()
+        Self::calculate_fee_amount(netuid, amount, false)
     }
 
     fn current_alpha_price(netuid: NetUid) -> U96F32 {
@@ -1300,20 +866,11 @@ impl<T: Config> SwapHandler<T::AccountId> for Pallet<T> {
     }
 
     fn min_price<C: Currency>() -> C {
-        TickIndex::min_sqrt_price()
-            .saturating_mul(TickIndex::min_sqrt_price())
-            .saturating_mul(SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(1_000_000_000))
-            .saturating_to_num::<u64>()
-            .into()
+        Self::min_price()
     }
 
     fn max_price<C: Currency>() -> C {
-        TickIndex::max_sqrt_price()
-            .saturating_mul(TickIndex::max_sqrt_price())
-            .saturating_mul(SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(1_000_000_000))
-            .saturating_round()
-            .saturating_to_num::<u64>()
-            .into()
+        Self::max_price()
     }
 
     fn adjust_protocol_liquidity(
@@ -1328,17 +885,3 @@ impl<T: Config> SwapHandler<T::AccountId> for Pallet<T> {
         EnabledUserLiquidity::<T>::get(netuid)
     }
 }
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
-struct SwapStepResult {
-    amount_to_take: u64,
-    fee_paid: u64,
-    delta_in: u64,
-    delta_out: u64,
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
-pub enum SwapStepAction {
-    Crossing,
-    Stop,
-}
diff --git a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/mod.rs b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/mod.rs
index a7f3520541..c43aad4a8b 100644
--- a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/mod.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/mod.rs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ use crate::{
 pub use pallet::*;
 
 mod impls;
+mod swap_step;
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests;
 
diff --git a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/swap_step.rs b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/swap_step.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2cffc5aa60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/swap_step.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,576 @@
+use core::marker::PhantomData;
+
+use safe_math::*;
+use substrate_fixed::types::{I64F64, U64F64};
+use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
+use subtensor_swap_interface::Order as OrderT;
+
+use super::pallet::*;
+use crate::{
+    SqrtPrice,
+    tick::{ActiveTickIndexManager, TickIndex},
+};
+
+/// A struct representing a single swap step with all its parameters and state
+pub(crate) struct BasicSwapStep<T, PaidIn, PaidOut, Order>
+where
+    T: Config,
+    PaidIn: Currency,
+    PaidOut: Currency,
+    Order: OrderT<PaidIn, PaidOut>,
+{
+    // Input parameters
+    netuid: NetUid,
+    order: Order,
+    drop_fees: bool,
+
+    // Computed values
+    current_liquidity: U64F64,
+    possible_delta_in: PaidIn,
+
+    // Ticks and prices (current, limit, edge, target)
+    target_sqrt_price: SqrtPrice,
+    limit_sqrt_price: SqrtPrice,
+    current_sqrt_price: SqrtPrice,
+    edge_sqrt_price: SqrtPrice,
+    edge_tick: TickIndex,
+
+    // Result values
+    action: SwapStepAction,
+    delta_in: PaidIn,
+    final_price: SqrtPrice,
+    fee: PaidIn,
+
+    // Phantom data to use T
+    _phantom: PhantomData<T>,
+    _paid_in: PhantomData<PaidIn>,
+    _paid_out: PhantomData<PaidOut>,
+}
+
+impl<T, PaidIn, PaidOut, Order> BasicSwapStep<T, PaidIn, PaidOut, Order>
+where
+    T: Config,
+    PaidIn: Currency,
+    PaidOut: Currency,
+    Order: OrderT<PaidIn, PaidOut>,
+    Self: SwapStep<T, PaidIn, PaidOut, Order>,
+{
+    /// Creates and initializes a new swap step
+    fn new(
+        netuid: NetUid,
+        order: Order,
+        amount_remaining: PaidIn,
+        limit_sqrt_price: SqrtPrice,
+        drop_fees: bool,
+    ) -> Self {
+        // Calculate prices and ticks
+        let current_tick = CurrentTick::<T>::get(netuid);
+        let current_sqrt_price = AlphaSqrtPrice::<T>::get(netuid);
+        let edge_tick = Self::tick_edge(netuid, current_tick);
+        let edge_sqrt_price = edge_tick.as_sqrt_price_bounded();
+
+        let fee = Pallet::<T>::calculate_fee_amount(netuid, amount_remaining, drop_fees);
+        let possible_delta_in = amount_remaining.saturating_sub(fee);
+
+        // Target price and quantities
+        let current_liquidity = U64F64::saturating_from_num(CurrentLiquidity::<T>::get(netuid));
+        let target_sqrt_price =
+            Self::sqrt_price_target(current_liquidity, current_sqrt_price, possible_delta_in);
+
+        Self {
+            netuid,
+            order,
+            drop_fees,
+            target_sqrt_price,
+            limit_sqrt_price,
+            current_sqrt_price,
+            edge_sqrt_price,
+            edge_tick,
+            possible_delta_in,
+            current_liquidity,
+            action: SwapStepAction::Stop,
+            delta_in: PaidIn::ZERO,
+            final_price: target_sqrt_price,
+            fee,
+            _phantom: PhantomData,
+            _paid_in: PhantomData,
+            _paid_out: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Execute the swap step and return the result
+    pub(crate) fn execute(&mut self) -> Result<SwapStepResult<PaidIn, PaidOut>, Error<T>> {
+        self.determine_action();
+        self.process_swap()
+    }
+
+    /// Determine the appropriate action for this swap step
+    fn determine_action(&mut self) {
+        let mut recalculate_fee = false;
+
+        // Calculate the stopping price: The price at which we either reach the limit price,
+        // exchange the full amount, or reach the edge price.
+        if Self::price_is_closer(&self.target_sqrt_price, &self.limit_sqrt_price)
+            && Self::price_is_closer(&self.target_sqrt_price, &self.edge_sqrt_price)
+        {
+            // Case 1. target_quantity is the lowest
+            // The trade completely happens within one tick, no tick crossing happens.
+            self.action = SwapStepAction::Stop;
+            self.final_price = self.target_sqrt_price;
+            self.delta_in = self.possible_delta_in;
+        } else if Self::price_is_closer(&self.limit_sqrt_price, &self.target_sqrt_price)
+            && Self::price_is_closer(&self.limit_sqrt_price, &self.edge_sqrt_price)
+        {
+            // Case 2. lim_quantity is the lowest
+            // The trade also completely happens within one tick, no tick crossing happens.
+            self.action = SwapStepAction::Stop;
+            self.final_price = self.limit_sqrt_price;
+            self.delta_in = Self::delta_in(
+                self.current_liquidity,
+                self.current_sqrt_price,
+                self.limit_sqrt_price,
+            );
+            recalculate_fee = true;
+        } else {
+            // Case 3. edge_quantity is the lowest
+            // Tick crossing is likely
+            self.action = SwapStepAction::Crossing;
+            self.delta_in = Self::delta_in(
+                self.current_liquidity,
+                self.current_sqrt_price,
+                self.edge_sqrt_price,
+            );
+            self.final_price = self.edge_sqrt_price;
+            recalculate_fee = true;
+        }
+
+        log::trace!("\tAction           : {:?}", self.action);
+        log::trace!(
+            "\tCurrent Price    : {}",
+            self.current_sqrt_price
+                .saturating_mul(self.current_sqrt_price)
+        );
+        log::trace!(
+            "\tTarget Price     : {}",
+            self.target_sqrt_price
+                .saturating_mul(self.target_sqrt_price)
+        );
+        log::trace!(
+            "\tLimit Price      : {}",
+            self.limit_sqrt_price.saturating_mul(self.limit_sqrt_price)
+        );
+        log::trace!(
+            "\tEdge Price       : {}",
+            self.edge_sqrt_price.saturating_mul(self.edge_sqrt_price)
+        );
+        log::trace!("\tDelta In         : {}", self.delta_in);
+
+        // Because on step creation we calculate fee off the total amount, we might need to
+        // recalculate it in case if we hit the limit price or the edge price.
+        if recalculate_fee {
+            let u16_max = U64F64::saturating_from_num(u16::MAX);
+            let fee_rate = if self.drop_fees {
+                U64F64::saturating_from_num(0)
+            } else {
+                U64F64::saturating_from_num(FeeRate::<T>::get(self.netuid))
+            };
+            let delta_fixed = U64F64::saturating_from_num(self.delta_in);
+            self.fee = delta_fixed
+                .saturating_mul(fee_rate.safe_div(u16_max.saturating_sub(fee_rate)))
+                .saturating_to_num::<u64>()
+                .into();
+        }
+
+        // Now correct the action if we stopped exactly at the edge no matter what was the case
+        // above. Because order type buy moves the price up and tick semi-open interval doesn't
+        // include its right point, we cross on buys and stop on sells.
+        let natural_reason_stop_price =
+            if Self::price_is_closer(&self.limit_sqrt_price, &self.target_sqrt_price) {
+                self.limit_sqrt_price
+            } else {
+                self.target_sqrt_price
+            };
+        if natural_reason_stop_price == self.edge_sqrt_price {
+            self.action = Self::action_on_edge_sqrt_price();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Process a single step of a swap
+    fn process_swap(&self) -> Result<SwapStepResult<PaidIn, PaidOut>, Error<T>> {
+        // Hold the fees
+        Self::add_fees(
+            self.netuid,
+            Pallet::<T>::current_liquidity_safe(self.netuid),
+            self.fee,
+        );
+        let delta_out = Self::convert_deltas(self.netuid, self.delta_in);
+        // log::trace!("\tDelta Out        : {delta_out:?}");
+
+        if self.action == SwapStepAction::Crossing {
+            let mut tick = Ticks::<T>::get(self.netuid, self.edge_tick).unwrap_or_default();
+            tick.fees_out_tao = I64F64::saturating_from_num(FeeGlobalTao::<T>::get(self.netuid))
+                .saturating_sub(tick.fees_out_tao);
+            tick.fees_out_alpha =
+                I64F64::saturating_from_num(FeeGlobalAlpha::<T>::get(self.netuid))
+                    .saturating_sub(tick.fees_out_alpha);
+            Self::update_liquidity_at_crossing(self.netuid)?;
+            Ticks::<T>::insert(self.netuid, self.edge_tick, tick);
+        }
+
+        // Update current price
+        AlphaSqrtPrice::<T>::set(self.netuid, self.final_price);
+
+        // Update current tick
+        let new_current_tick = TickIndex::from_sqrt_price_bounded(self.final_price);
+        CurrentTick::<T>::set(self.netuid, new_current_tick);
+
+        Ok(SwapStepResult {
+            amount_to_take: self.delta_in.saturating_add(self.fee),
+            fee_paid: self.fee,
+            delta_in: self.delta_in,
+            delta_out,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T, Order> SwapStep<T, TaoCurrency, AlphaCurrency, Order>
+    for BasicSwapStep<T, TaoCurrency, AlphaCurrency, Order>
+where
+    T: Config,
+    Order: OrderT<TaoCurrency, AlphaCurrency>,
+{
+    fn delta_in(
+        liquidity_curr: U64F64,
+        sqrt_price_curr: SqrtPrice,
+        sqrt_price_target: SqrtPrice,
+    ) -> TaoCurrency {
+        liquidity_curr
+            .saturating_mul(sqrt_price_target.saturating_sub(sqrt_price_curr))
+            .saturating_to_num::<u64>()
+            .into()
+    }
+
+    fn tick_edge(netuid: NetUid, current_tick: TickIndex) -> TickIndex {
+        ActiveTickIndexManager::<T>::find_closest_higher(
+            netuid,
+            current_tick.next().unwrap_or(TickIndex::MAX),
+        )
+        .unwrap_or(TickIndex::MAX)
+    }
+
+    fn sqrt_price_target(
+        liquidity_curr: U64F64,
+        sqrt_price_curr: SqrtPrice,
+        delta_in: TaoCurrency,
+    ) -> SqrtPrice {
+        let delta_fixed = U64F64::saturating_from_num(delta_in);
+
+        // No liquidity means that price should go to the limit
+        if liquidity_curr == 0 {
+            return SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(
+                Pallet::<T>::max_price_inner::<TaoCurrency>().to_u64(),
+            );
+        }
+
+        delta_fixed
+            .safe_div(liquidity_curr)
+            .saturating_add(sqrt_price_curr)
+    }
+
+    fn price_is_closer(sq_price1: &SqrtPrice, sq_price2: &SqrtPrice) -> bool {
+        sq_price1 <= sq_price2
+    }
+
+    fn action_on_edge_sqrt_price() -> SwapStepAction {
+        SwapStepAction::Crossing
+    }
+
+    fn add_fees(netuid: NetUid, current_liquidity: U64F64, fee: TaoCurrency) {
+        if current_liquidity == 0 {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let fee_fixed = U64F64::saturating_from_num(fee.to_u64());
+
+        FeeGlobalTao::<T>::mutate(netuid, |value| {
+            *value = value.saturating_add(fee_fixed.safe_div(current_liquidity))
+        });
+    }
+
+    fn convert_deltas(netuid: NetUid, delta_in: TaoCurrency) -> AlphaCurrency {
+        // Skip conversion if delta_in is zero
+        if delta_in.is_zero() {
+            return AlphaCurrency::ZERO;
+        }
+
+        let liquidity_curr = SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(CurrentLiquidity::<T>::get(netuid));
+        let sqrt_price_curr = AlphaSqrtPrice::<T>::get(netuid);
+        let delta_fixed = SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(delta_in.to_u64());
+
+        // Calculate result based on order type with proper fixed-point math
+        // Using safe math operations throughout to prevent overflows
+        let result = {
+            // (liquidity_curr * sqrt_price_curr + delta_fixed) * sqrt_price_curr;
+            let a = liquidity_curr
+                .saturating_mul(sqrt_price_curr)
+                .saturating_add(delta_fixed)
+                .saturating_mul(sqrt_price_curr);
+            // liquidity_curr / a;
+            let b = liquidity_curr.safe_div(a);
+            // b * delta_fixed;
+            b.saturating_mul(delta_fixed)
+        };
+
+        result.saturating_to_num::<u64>().into()
+    }
+
+    fn update_liquidity_at_crossing(netuid: NetUid) -> Result<(), Error<T>> {
+        let mut liquidity_curr = CurrentLiquidity::<T>::get(netuid);
+        let current_tick_index = TickIndex::current_bounded::<T>(netuid);
+
+        // Find the appropriate tick based on order type
+        let tick = {
+            // Self::find_closest_higher_active_tick(netuid, current_tick_index),
+            let upper_tick = ActiveTickIndexManager::<T>::find_closest_higher(
+                netuid,
+                current_tick_index.next().unwrap_or(TickIndex::MAX),
+            )
+            .unwrap_or(TickIndex::MAX);
+            Ticks::<T>::get(netuid, upper_tick)
+        }
+        .ok_or(Error::<T>::InsufficientLiquidity)?;
+
+        let liquidity_update_abs_u64 = tick.liquidity_net_as_u64();
+
+        // Update liquidity based on the sign of liquidity_net and the order type
+        liquidity_curr = if tick.liquidity_net >= 0 {
+            liquidity_curr.saturating_add(liquidity_update_abs_u64)
+        } else {
+            liquidity_curr.saturating_sub(liquidity_update_abs_u64)
+        };
+
+        CurrentLiquidity::<T>::set(netuid, liquidity_curr);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T, Order> SwapStep<T, AlphaCurrency, TaoCurrency, Order>
+    for BasicSwapStep<T, AlphaCurrency, TaoCurrency, Order>
+where
+    T: Config,
+    Order: OrderT<AlphaCurrency, TaoCurrency>,
+{
+    fn delta_in(
+        liquidity_curr: U64F64,
+        sqrt_price_curr: SqrtPrice,
+        sqrt_price_target: SqrtPrice,
+    ) -> AlphaCurrency {
+        let one = U64F64::saturating_from_num(1);
+
+        liquidity_curr
+            .saturating_mul(
+                one.safe_div(sqrt_price_target.into())
+                    .saturating_sub(one.safe_div(sqrt_price_curr)),
+            )
+            .saturating_to_num::<u64>()
+            .into()
+    }
+
+    fn tick_edge(netuid: NetUid, current_tick: TickIndex) -> TickIndex {
+        let current_price: SqrtPrice = AlphaSqrtPrice::<T>::get(netuid);
+        let current_tick_price = current_tick.as_sqrt_price_bounded();
+        let is_active = ActiveTickIndexManager::<T>::tick_is_active(netuid, current_tick);
+
+        if is_active && current_price > current_tick_price {
+            return ActiveTickIndexManager::<T>::find_closest_lower(netuid, current_tick)
+                .unwrap_or(TickIndex::MIN);
+        }
+
+        ActiveTickIndexManager::<T>::find_closest_lower(
+            netuid,
+            current_tick.prev().unwrap_or(TickIndex::MIN),
+        )
+        .unwrap_or(TickIndex::MIN)
+    }
+
+    fn sqrt_price_target(
+        liquidity_curr: U64F64,
+        sqrt_price_curr: SqrtPrice,
+        delta_in: AlphaCurrency,
+    ) -> SqrtPrice {
+        let delta_fixed = U64F64::saturating_from_num(delta_in);
+        let one = U64F64::saturating_from_num(1);
+
+        // No liquidity means that price should go to the limit
+        if liquidity_curr == 0 {
+            return SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(
+                Pallet::<T>::min_price_inner::<AlphaCurrency>().to_u64(),
+            );
+        }
+
+        one.safe_div(
+            delta_fixed
+                .safe_div(liquidity_curr)
+                .saturating_add(one.safe_div(sqrt_price_curr)),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn price_is_closer(sq_price1: &SqrtPrice, sq_price2: &SqrtPrice) -> bool {
+        sq_price1 >= sq_price2
+    }
+
+    fn action_on_edge_sqrt_price() -> SwapStepAction {
+        SwapStepAction::Stop
+    }
+
+    fn add_fees(netuid: NetUid, current_liquidity: U64F64, fee: AlphaCurrency) {
+        if current_liquidity == 0 {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let fee_fixed = U64F64::saturating_from_num(fee.to_u64());
+
+        FeeGlobalAlpha::<T>::mutate(netuid, |value| {
+            *value = value.saturating_add(fee_fixed.safe_div(current_liquidity))
+        });
+    }
+
+    fn convert_deltas(netuid: NetUid, delta_in: AlphaCurrency) -> TaoCurrency {
+        // Skip conversion if delta_in is zero
+        if delta_in.is_zero() {
+            return TaoCurrency::ZERO;
+        }
+
+        let liquidity_curr = SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(CurrentLiquidity::<T>::get(netuid));
+        let sqrt_price_curr = AlphaSqrtPrice::<T>::get(netuid);
+        let delta_fixed = SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(delta_in.to_u64());
+
+        // Calculate result based on order type with proper fixed-point math
+        // Using safe math operations throughout to prevent overflows
+        let result = {
+            // liquidity_curr / (liquidity_curr / sqrt_price_curr + delta_fixed);
+            let denom = liquidity_curr
+                .safe_div(sqrt_price_curr)
+                .saturating_add(delta_fixed);
+            let a = liquidity_curr.safe_div(denom);
+            // a * sqrt_price_curr;
+            let b = a.saturating_mul(sqrt_price_curr);
+
+            // delta_fixed * b;
+            delta_fixed.saturating_mul(b)
+        };
+
+        result.saturating_to_num::<u64>().into()
+    }
+
+    fn update_liquidity_at_crossing(netuid: NetUid) -> Result<(), Error<T>> {
+        let mut liquidity_curr = CurrentLiquidity::<T>::get(netuid);
+        let current_tick_index = TickIndex::current_bounded::<T>(netuid);
+
+        // Find the appropriate tick based on order type
+        let tick = {
+            // Self::find_closest_lower_active_tick(netuid, current_tick_index)
+            let current_price = AlphaSqrtPrice::<T>::get(netuid);
+            let current_tick_price = current_tick_index.as_sqrt_price_bounded();
+            let is_active = ActiveTickIndexManager::<T>::tick_is_active(netuid, current_tick_index);
+
+            let lower_tick = if is_active && current_price > current_tick_price {
+                ActiveTickIndexManager::<T>::find_closest_lower(netuid, current_tick_index)
+                    .unwrap_or(TickIndex::MIN)
+            } else {
+                ActiveTickIndexManager::<T>::find_closest_lower(
+                    netuid,
+                    current_tick_index.prev().unwrap_or(TickIndex::MIN),
+                )
+                .unwrap_or(TickIndex::MIN)
+            };
+            Ticks::<T>::get(netuid, lower_tick)
+        }
+        .ok_or(Error::<T>::InsufficientLiquidity)?;
+
+        let liquidity_update_abs_u64 = tick.liquidity_net_as_u64();
+
+        // Update liquidity based on the sign of liquidity_net and the order type
+        liquidity_curr = if tick.liquidity_net >= 0 {
+            liquidity_curr.saturating_sub(liquidity_update_abs_u64)
+        } else {
+            liquidity_curr.saturating_add(liquidity_update_abs_u64)
+        };
+
+        CurrentLiquidity::<T>::set(netuid, liquidity_curr);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) trait SwapStep<T, PaidIn, PaidOut, Order>
+where
+    T: Config,
+    PaidIn: Currency,
+    PaidOut: Currency,
+    Order: OrderT<PaidIn, PaidOut>,
+{
+    /// Get the input amount needed to reach the target price
+    fn delta_in(
+        liquidity_curr: U64F64,
+        sqrt_price_curr: SqrtPrice,
+        sqrt_price_target: SqrtPrice,
+    ) -> PaidIn;
+
+    /// Get the tick at the current tick edge.
+    ///
+    /// If anything is wrong with tick math and it returns Err, we just abort the deal, i.e. return
+    /// the edge that is impossible to execute
+    fn tick_edge(netuid: NetUid, current_tick: TickIndex) -> TickIndex;
+
+    /// Get the target square root price based on the input amount
+    ///
+    /// This is the price that would be reached if
+    ///    - There are no liquidity positions other than protocol liquidity
+    ///    - Full delta_in amount is executed
+    fn sqrt_price_target(
+        liquidity_curr: U64F64,
+        sqrt_price_curr: SqrtPrice,
+        delta_in: PaidIn,
+    ) -> SqrtPrice;
+
+    /// Returns True if sq_price1 is closer to the current price than sq_price2
+    /// in terms of order direction.
+    ///    For buying:  sq_price1 <= sq_price2
+    ///    For selling: sq_price1 >= sq_price2
+    fn price_is_closer(sq_price1: &SqrtPrice, sq_price2: &SqrtPrice) -> bool;
+
+    /// Get swap step action on the edge sqrt price.
+    fn action_on_edge_sqrt_price() -> SwapStepAction;
+
+    /// Add fees to the global fee counters
+    fn add_fees(netuid: NetUid, current_liquidity: U64F64, fee: PaidIn);
+
+    /// Convert input amount (delta_in) to output amount (delta_out)
+    ///
+    /// This is the core method of uniswap V3 that tells how much output token is given for an
+    /// amount of input token within one price tick.
+    fn convert_deltas(netuid: NetUid, delta_in: PaidIn) -> PaidOut;
+
+    /// Update liquidity when crossing a tick
+    fn update_liquidity_at_crossing(netuid: NetUid) -> Result<(), Error<T>>;
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub(crate) struct SwapStepResult<PaidIn, PaidOut>
+where
+    PaidIn: Currency,
+    PaidOut: Currency,
+{
+    amount_to_take: PaidIn,
+    fee_paid: PaidIn,
+    delta_in: PaidIn,
+    delta_out: PaidOut,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum SwapStepAction {
+    Crossing,
+    Stop,
+}

From b3be47d09c0dd6ace27669f7e47af72940282d71 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aliaksandr Tsurko <ales@opentensor.dev>
Date: Tue, 2 Sep 2025 21:33:50 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 003/218] Integrate SwapStep into Swap implementation

---
 pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs    |  48 ++++++++-----
 pallets/swap-interface/src/order.rs  |   3 +-
 pallets/swap/src/lib.rs              |   1 -
 pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs     | 100 +++++++++++++++------------
 pallets/swap/src/pallet/swap_step.rs |  21 +++---
 5 files changed, 98 insertions(+), 75 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs b/pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs
index 5bb92c948d..4456c1a9f3 100644
--- a/pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #![cfg_attr(not(feature = "std"), no_std)]
+use core::ops::Neg;
 
 use frame_support::pallet_prelude::*;
 use substrate_fixed::types::U96F32;
@@ -8,17 +9,10 @@ pub use order::*;
 
 mod order;
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum OrderType {
-    Sell,
-    Buy,
-}
-
 pub trait SwapHandler<AccountId> {
-    fn swap<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>(
+    fn swap<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut, OrderT>(
         netuid: NetUid,
-        order_t: OrderType,
-        amount: PaidIn,
+        order: OrderT,
         price_limit: TaoCurrency,
         drop_fees: bool,
         should_rollback: bool,
@@ -27,17 +21,20 @@ pub trait SwapHandler<AccountId> {
         PaidIn: Currency,
         PaidOut: Currency,
         ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<PaidIn>,
-        ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<PaidOut>;
-    fn sim_swap<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>(
+        ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<PaidOut>,
+        OrderT: Order<PaidIn, PaidOut>;
+    fn sim_swap<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut, OrderT>(
         netuid: NetUid,
-        order_t: OrderType,
+        order: OrderT,
         amount: PaidIn,
     ) -> Result<SwapResult<PaidIn, PaidOut>, DispatchError>
     where
         PaidIn: Currency,
         PaidOut: Currency,
         ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<PaidIn>,
-        ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<PaidOut>;
+        ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<PaidOut>,
+        OrderT: Order<PaidIn, PaidOut>,
+        Self: DefaultPriceLimit<PaidIn, PaidOut>;
     fn approx_fee_amount<T: Currency>(netuid: NetUid, amount: T) -> T;
     fn current_alpha_price(netuid: NetUid) -> U96F32;
     fn max_price<C: Currency>() -> C;
@@ -50,6 +47,14 @@ pub trait SwapHandler<AccountId> {
     fn is_user_liquidity_enabled(netuid: NetUid) -> bool;
 }
 
+pub trait DefaultPriceLimit<PaidIn, PaidOut>
+where
+    PaidIn: Currency,
+    PaidOut: Currency,
+{
+    fn default_price_limit<C: Currency>() -> C;
+}
+
 #[derive(Decode, Encode, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Debug, TypeInfo)]
 pub struct SwapResult<PaidIn, PaidOut>
 where
@@ -59,7 +64,18 @@ where
     pub amount_paid_in: PaidIn,
     pub amount_paid_out: PaidOut,
     pub fee_paid: PaidIn,
-    // For calculation of new tao/alpha reserves
-    pub tao_reserve_delta: i128,
-    pub alpha_reserve_delta: i128,
+}
+
+impl<PaidIn, PaidOut> SwapResult<PaidIn, PaidOut>
+where
+    PaidIn: Currency,
+    PaidOut: Currency,
+{
+    pub fn paid_in_reserve_delta(&self) -> i128 {
+        self.amount_paid_in.to_u64() as i128
+    }
+
+    pub fn paid_out_reserve_delta(&self) -> i128 {
+        (self.amount_paid_out.to_u64() as i128).neg()
+    }
 }
diff --git a/pallets/swap-interface/src/order.rs b/pallets/swap-interface/src/order.rs
index 44ec9513d1..537e107de1 100644
--- a/pallets/swap-interface/src/order.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap-interface/src/order.rs
@@ -15,8 +15,7 @@ where
     PaidOut: Currency,
 {
     amount: PaidIn,
-    _paid_in: PhantomData<PaidIn>,
-    _paid_out: PhantomData<PaidOut>,
+    _phantom: PhantomData<(PaidIn, PaidOut)>,
 }
 
 impl Order<TaoCurrency, AlphaCurrency> for BasicOrder<TaoCurrency, AlphaCurrency> {
diff --git a/pallets/swap/src/lib.rs b/pallets/swap/src/lib.rs
index b9d05bd435..6257df852b 100644
--- a/pallets/swap/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #![cfg_attr(not(feature = "std"), no_std)]
 
 use substrate_fixed::types::U64F64;
-use subtensor_swap_interface::OrderType;
 
 pub mod pallet;
 pub mod position;
diff --git a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs
index fe93c53ba2..74f534d4e7 100644
--- a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs
@@ -9,12 +9,12 @@ use substrate_fixed::types::{I64F64, U64F64, U96F32};
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{
     AlphaCurrency, BalanceOps, Currency, CurrencyReserve, NetUid, SubnetInfo, TaoCurrency,
 };
-use subtensor_swap_interface::{Order as OrderT, SwapHandler, SwapResult};
+use subtensor_swap_interface::{DefaultPriceLimit, Order as OrderT, SwapHandler, SwapResult};
 
 use super::pallet::*;
-use super::swap_step::{SwapStep, SwapStepAction};
+use super::swap_step::{BasicSwapStep, SwapStep, SwapStepAction};
 use crate::{
-    OrderType, SqrtPrice,
+    SqrtPrice,
     position::{Position, PositionId},
     tick::{ActiveTickIndexManager, Tick, TickIndex},
 };
@@ -72,7 +72,8 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         }
 
         // Initialize the v3:
-        // Reserves are re-purposed, nothing to set, just query values for liquidity and price calculation
+        // Reserves are re-purposed, nothing to set, just query values for liquidity and price
+        // calculation
         let tao_reserve = T::TaoReserve::reserve(netuid.into());
         let alpha_reserve = T::AlphaReserve::reserve(netuid.into());
 
@@ -168,7 +169,8 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     /// - `order_type`: The type of the swap (e.g., Buy or Sell).
     /// - `amount`: The amount of tokens to swap.
     /// - `limit_sqrt_price`: A price limit (expressed as a square root) to bound the swap.
-    /// - `simulate`: If `true`, the function runs in simulation mode and does not persist any changes.
+    /// - `simulate`: If `true`, the function runs in simulation mode and does not persist any
+    /// changes.
     ///
     /// # Returns
     /// Returns a [`Result`] with a [`SwapResult`] on success, or a [`DispatchError`] on failure.
@@ -180,7 +182,8 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     /// # Simulation Mode
     /// When `simulate` is set to `true`, the function:
     /// 1. Executes all logic without persisting any state changes (i.e., performs a dry run).
-    /// 2. Skips reserve checks — it may return an `amount_paid_out` greater than the available reserve.
+    /// 2. Skips reserve checks — it may return an `amount_paid_out` greater than the available
+    ///       reserve.
     ///
     /// Use simulation mode to preview the outcome of a swap without modifying the blockchain state.
     pub fn do_swap<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut, Order>(
@@ -196,6 +199,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<PaidIn>,
         ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<PaidOut>,
         Order: OrderT<PaidIn, PaidOut>,
+        BasicSwapStep<T, PaidIn, PaidOut, Order>: SwapStep<T, PaidIn, PaidOut, Order>,
     {
         transactional::with_transaction(|| {
             let reserve = ReserveOut::reserve(netuid.into());
@@ -240,6 +244,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<PaidIn>,
         ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<PaidOut>,
         Order: OrderT<PaidIn, PaidOut>,
+        BasicSwapStep<T, PaidIn, PaidOut, Order>: SwapStep<T, PaidIn, PaidOut, Order>,
     {
         ensure!(
             ReserveOut::reserve(netuid).to_u64() >= T::MinimumReserve::get().get(),
@@ -255,10 +260,10 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         );
 
         let mut amount_remaining = order.amount();
-        let mut amount_paid_out: u64 = 0;
+        let mut amount_paid_out = PaidOut::ZERO;
         let mut iteration_counter: u16 = 0;
-        let mut in_acc: u64 = 0;
-        let mut fee_acc: u64 = 0;
+        let mut in_acc = PaidIn::ZERO;
+        let mut fee_acc = PaidIn::ZERO;
 
         log::trace!("======== Start Swap ========");
         log::trace!("Amount Remaining: {amount_remaining}");
@@ -272,22 +277,27 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             );
 
             // Create and execute a swap step
-            let mut swap_step =
-                SwapStep::<T>::new(netuid, order, amount_remaining, limit_sqrt_price, drop_fees);
+            let mut swap_step = BasicSwapStep::<T, PaidIn, PaidOut, Order>::new(
+                netuid,
+                order.clone(),
+                amount_remaining,
+                limit_sqrt_price,
+                drop_fees,
+            );
 
             let swap_result = swap_step.execute()?;
 
             in_acc = in_acc.saturating_add(swap_result.delta_in);
             fee_acc = fee_acc.saturating_add(swap_result.fee_paid);
-            amount_remaining = amount_remaining.saturating_sub(swap_result.amount_to_take.into());
+            amount_remaining = amount_remaining.saturating_sub(swap_result.amount_to_take);
             amount_paid_out = amount_paid_out.saturating_add(swap_result.delta_out);
 
-            if swap_step.action == SwapStepAction::Stop {
+            if swap_step.action() == SwapStepAction::Stop {
                 amount_remaining = PaidIn::ZERO;
             }
 
             // The swap step didn't exchange anything
-            if swap_result.amount_to_take == 0 {
+            if swap_result.amount_to_take.is_zero() {
                 amount_remaining = PaidIn::ZERO;
             }
 
@@ -302,17 +312,10 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         log::trace!("\nAmount Paid Out: {amount_paid_out}");
         log::trace!("======== End Swap ========");
 
-        let (tao_reserve_delta, alpha_reserve_delta) = match order_type {
-            OrderType::Buy => (in_acc as i128, (amount_paid_out as i128).neg()),
-            OrderType::Sell => ((amount_paid_out as i128).neg(), in_acc as i128),
-        };
-
         Ok(SwapResult {
-            amount_paid_in: in_acc.into(),
-            amount_paid_out: amount_paid_out.into(),
-            fee_paid: fee_acc.into(),
-            tao_reserve_delta,
-            alpha_reserve_delta,
+            amount_paid_in: in_acc,
+            amount_paid_out,
+            fee_paid: fee_acc,
         })
     }
 
@@ -788,11 +791,22 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     }
 }
 
+impl<T: Config> DefaultPriceLimit<TaoCurrency, AlphaCurrency> for Pallet<T> {
+    fn default_price_limit<C: Currency>() -> C {
+        Self::max_price_inner::<C>()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Config> DefaultPriceLimit<AlphaCurrency, TaoCurrency> for Pallet<T> {
+    fn default_price_limit<C: Currency>() -> C {
+        Self::min_price_inner::<C>()
+    }
+}
+
 impl<T: Config> SwapHandler<T::AccountId> for Pallet<T> {
-    fn swap<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>(
+    fn swap<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut, Order>(
         netuid: NetUid,
-        order_t: OrderType,
-        amount: PaidIn,
+        order: Order,
         price_limit: TaoCurrency,
         drop_fees: bool,
         should_rollback: bool,
@@ -802,16 +816,17 @@ impl<T: Config> SwapHandler<T::AccountId> for Pallet<T> {
         PaidOut: Currency,
         ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<PaidIn>,
         ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<PaidOut>,
+        Order: OrderT<PaidIn, PaidOut>,
+        BasicSwapStep<T, PaidIn, PaidOut, Order>: SwapStep<T, PaidIn, PaidOut, Order>,
     {
         let limit_sqrt_price = SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(price_limit.to_u64())
             .safe_div(SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(1_000_000_000))
             .checked_sqrt(SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(0.0000000001))
             .ok_or(Error::<T>::PriceLimitExceeded)?;
 
-        Self::do_swap::<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>(
+        Self::do_swap::<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut, Order>(
             NetUid::from(netuid),
-            order_t,
-            amount,
+            order,
             limit_sqrt_price,
             drop_fees,
             should_rollback,
@@ -819,9 +834,9 @@ impl<T: Config> SwapHandler<T::AccountId> for Pallet<T> {
         .map_err(Into::into)
     }
 
-    fn sim_swap<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>(
+    fn sim_swap<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut, Order>(
         netuid: NetUid,
-        order_t: OrderType,
+        order: Order,
         amount: PaidIn,
     ) -> Result<SwapResult<PaidIn, PaidOut>, DispatchError>
     where
@@ -829,20 +844,17 @@ impl<T: Config> SwapHandler<T::AccountId> for Pallet<T> {
         PaidOut: Currency,
         ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<PaidIn>,
         ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<PaidOut>,
+        Order: OrderT<PaidIn, PaidOut>,
+        Self: DefaultPriceLimit<PaidIn, PaidOut>,
     {
         match T::SubnetInfo::mechanism(netuid) {
             1 => {
-                let price_limit = match order_t {
-                    OrderType::Buy => Self::max_price::<TaoCurrency>(),
-                    OrderType::Sell => Self::min_price::<TaoCurrency>(),
-                }
-                .to_u64();
+                let price_limit = Self::default_price_limit::<TaoCurrency>();
 
-                Self::swap::<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>(
+                Self::swap::<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut, Order>(
                     netuid,
-                    order_t,
-                    amount,
-                    price_limit.into(),
+                    order,
+                    price_limit,
                     false,
                     true,
                 )
@@ -851,8 +863,6 @@ impl<T: Config> SwapHandler<T::AccountId> for Pallet<T> {
                 amount_paid_in: amount,
                 amount_paid_out: amount.to_u64().into(),
                 fee_paid: 0.into(),
-                tao_reserve_delta: 0,
-                alpha_reserve_delta: 0,
             }),
         }
     }
@@ -866,11 +876,11 @@ impl<T: Config> SwapHandler<T::AccountId> for Pallet<T> {
     }
 
     fn min_price<C: Currency>() -> C {
-        Self::min_price()
+        Self::min_price_inner()
     }
 
     fn max_price<C: Currency>() -> C {
-        Self::max_price()
+        Self::max_price_inner()
     }
 
     fn adjust_protocol_liquidity(
diff --git a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/swap_step.rs b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/swap_step.rs
index 2cffc5aa60..6a7e0c9bc0 100644
--- a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/swap_step.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/swap_step.rs
@@ -41,10 +41,7 @@ where
     final_price: SqrtPrice,
     fee: PaidIn,
 
-    // Phantom data to use T
-    _phantom: PhantomData<T>,
-    _paid_in: PhantomData<PaidIn>,
-    _paid_out: PhantomData<PaidOut>,
+    _phantom: PhantomData<(T, PaidIn, PaidOut)>,
 }
 
 impl<T, PaidIn, PaidOut, Order> BasicSwapStep<T, PaidIn, PaidOut, Order>
@@ -56,7 +53,7 @@ where
     Self: SwapStep<T, PaidIn, PaidOut, Order>,
 {
     /// Creates and initializes a new swap step
-    fn new(
+    pub(crate) fn new(
         netuid: NetUid,
         order: Order,
         amount_remaining: PaidIn,
@@ -93,8 +90,6 @@ where
             final_price: target_sqrt_price,
             fee,
             _phantom: PhantomData,
-            _paid_in: PhantomData,
-            _paid_out: PhantomData,
         }
     }
 
@@ -231,6 +226,10 @@ where
             delta_out,
         })
     }
+
+    pub(crate) fn action(&self) -> SwapStepAction {
+        self.action
+    }
 }
 
 impl<T, Order> SwapStep<T, TaoCurrency, AlphaCurrency, Order>
@@ -563,10 +562,10 @@ where
     PaidIn: Currency,
     PaidOut: Currency,
 {
-    amount_to_take: PaidIn,
-    fee_paid: PaidIn,
-    delta_in: PaidIn,
-    delta_out: PaidOut,
+    pub(crate) amount_to_take: PaidIn,
+    pub(crate) fee_paid: PaidIn,
+    pub(crate) delta_in: PaidIn,
+    pub(crate) delta_out: PaidOut,
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]

From 2f7ea4b2ee2178f949f10ec0fbf8ed1297ad2624 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 9 Sep 2025 15:10:54 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 004/218] Add root claim infrastructure

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/block_step.rs |   6 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs                 | 105 +++++++
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs   |  41 +++
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/events.rs       |  30 ++
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs  | 311 +++++++++++++++++++
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/mod.rs         |   1 +
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/stake_utils.rs |  13 +
 7 files changed, 506 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/block_step.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/block_step.rs
index 6a96090b05..8fd1814961 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/block_step.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/block_step.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@ impl<T: Config + pallet_drand::Config> Pallet<T> {
     /// Executes the necessary operations for each block.
     pub fn block_step() -> Result<(), &'static str> {
         let block_number: u64 = Self::get_current_block_as_u64();
-        log::debug!("block_step for block: {block_number:?} ");
+        let last_block_hash: T::Hash = <frame_system::Pallet<T>>::parent_hash();
+
         // --- 1. Adjust difficulties.
         Self::adjust_registration_terms_for_networks();
         // --- 2. Get the current coinbase emission.
@@ -21,6 +22,9 @@ impl<T: Config + pallet_drand::Config> Pallet<T> {
         Self::run_coinbase(block_emission);
         // --- 4. Set pending children on the epoch; but only after the coinbase has been run.
         Self::try_set_pending_children(block_number);
+        // --- 5. Run auto-claim root divs.
+        Self::run_auto_claim_root_divs(last_block_hash);
+
         // Return ok.
         Ok(())
     }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
index 2a0d7e1de0..3bccc112c6 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
@@ -307,6 +307,62 @@ pub mod pallet {
     /// ==== Staking + Accounts ====
     /// ============================
 
+    #[derive(
+        Encode, Decode, Default, TypeInfo, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, DecodeWithMemTracking,
+    )]
+    /// Enum for the per-coldkey root claim setting.
+    pub enum RootClaimTypeEnum {
+        /// Swap any alpha emission for TAO.
+        #[default]
+        Swap,
+        /// Keep all alpha emission.
+        Keep,
+    }
+
+    /// Enum for the per-coldkey root claim frequency setting.
+    #[derive(Encode, Decode, Default, TypeInfo, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+    pub enum RootClaimFrequencyEnum {
+        /// Claim automatically.
+        #[default]
+        Auto,
+        /// Only claim manually; Never automatically.
+        Manual,
+    }
+
+    #[pallet::type_value]
+    /// Default minimum root claim amount.
+    /// This is the minimum amount of root claim that can be made.
+    /// Any amount less than this will not be claimed.
+    pub fn DefaultMinRootClaimAmount<T: Config>() -> u64 {
+        500_000
+    }
+
+    #[pallet::type_value]
+    /// Default root claim type.
+    /// This is the type of root claim that will be made.
+    /// This is set by the user. Either swap to TAO or keep as alpha.
+    pub fn DefaultRootClaimType<T: Config>() -> RootClaimTypeEnum {
+        RootClaimTypeEnum::default()
+    }
+
+    #[pallet::type_value]
+    /// Default root claim frequency.
+    /// This is the frequency of root claims for a coldkey.
+    /// This is set by the user. Either auto or manual.
+    pub fn DefaultRootClaimFrequency<T: Config>() -> RootClaimFrequencyEnum {
+        RootClaimFrequencyEnum::default()
+    }
+
+    #[pallet::type_value]
+    /// Default number of root claims per claim call.
+    /// Ideally this is calculated using the number of staking coldkey
+    /// and the block time.
+    pub fn DefaultNumRootClaim<T: Config>() -> u64 {
+        // TODO: replace with size of staking coldkeys / 7200
+        // i.e. once per day
+        15
+    }
+
     #[pallet::type_value]
     /// Default value for zero.
     pub fn DefaultZeroU64<T: Config>() -> u64 {
@@ -1769,6 +1825,55 @@ pub mod pallet {
         ValueQuery,
     >;
 
+    #[pallet::storage] // --- DMAP ( hot, netuid ) --> claimable_dividends | Root claimable dividends.
+    pub type RootClaimable<T: Config> = StorageDoubleMap<
+        _,
+        Blake2_128Concat,
+        T::AccountId,
+        Identity,
+        NetUid,
+        u64,
+        ValueQuery,
+        DefaultZeroU64<T>,
+    >;
+    #[pallet::storage] // --- NMAP ( hot, cold, netuid ) --> claimable_debt | Returns a keys debt for claimable divs.
+    pub type RootDebt<T: Config> = StorageNMap<
+        _,
+        (
+            NMapKey<Blake2_128Concat, T::AccountId>, // hot
+            NMapKey<Blake2_128Concat, T::AccountId>, // cold
+            NMapKey<Identity, NetUid>,               // subnet
+        ),
+        I96F32, // Shares
+        ValueQuery,
+    >;
+    #[pallet::storage] // -- MAP ( cold ) --> root_claim_type enum
+    pub type RootClaimType<T: Config> = StorageMap<
+        _,
+        Blake2_128Concat,
+        T::AccountId,
+        RootClaimTypeEnum,
+        ValueQuery,
+        DefaultRootClaimType<T>,
+    >;
+    #[pallet::storage] // -- MAP ( cold ) --> root_claim_frequency enum
+    pub type RootClaimFrequency<T: Config> = StorageMap<
+        _,
+        Blake2_128Concat,
+        T::AccountId,
+        RootClaimFrequencyEnum,
+        ValueQuery,
+        DefaultRootClaimFrequency<T>,
+    >;
+
+    #[pallet::storage] // --- MAP ( u64 ) --> coldkey | Maps coldkeys that have stake to an index
+    pub type StakingColdkeys<T: Config> = StorageMap<_, Identity, u64, T::AccountId, OptionQuery>;
+
+    #[pallet::storage] // --- Value --> num_staking_coldkeys
+    pub type NumStakingColdkeys<T: Config> = StorageValue<_, u64, ValueQuery, DefaultZeroU64<T>>;
+    #[pallet::storage] // --- Value --> num_root_claim | Number of coldkeys to claim each auto-claim.
+    pub type NumRootClaim<T: Config> = StorageValue<_, u64, ValueQuery, DefaultNumRootClaim<T>>;
+
     /// =============================
     /// ==== EVM related storage ====
     /// =============================
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
index e82fecb3e6..560c3a8d68 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
@@ -2075,5 +2075,46 @@ mod dispatches {
 
             Ok(())
         }
+
+        /// --- Claims the root emissions for a coldkey.
+        /// # Args:
+        /// * 'origin': (<T as frame_system::Config>Origin):
+        /// 	- The signature of the caller's coldkey.
+        ///
+        /// # Event:
+        /// * RootClaimed;
+        /// 	- On the successfully claiming the root emissions for a coldkey.
+        ///
+        /// # Raises:
+        ///
+        #[pallet::call_index(116)]
+        #[pallet::weight((Weight::from_parts(200_000, 0).saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(1, 2)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::Yes))]
+        pub fn claim_root(origin: OriginFor<T>) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
+            let coldkey: T::AccountId = ensure_signed(origin)?;
+
+            let weight = Self::do_root_claim(coldkey);
+            Ok((Some(weight), Pays::Yes).into())
+        }
+
+        /// --- Sets the root claim type for the coldkey.
+        /// # Args:
+        /// * 'origin': (<T as frame_system::Config>Origin):
+        /// 	- The signature of the caller's coldkey.
+        ///
+        /// # Event:
+        /// * RootClaimTypeSet;
+        /// 	- On the successfully setting the root claim type for the coldkey.
+        ///
+        #[pallet::call_index(117)]
+        #[pallet::weight((Weight::from_parts(45_000_000, 0).saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::Yes))]
+        pub fn set_root_claim_type(
+            origin: OriginFor<T>,
+            new_root_claim_type: RootClaimTypeEnum,
+        ) -> DispatchResult {
+            let coldkey: T::AccountId = ensure_signed(origin)?;
+
+            Self::change_root_claim_type(&coldkey, new_root_claim_type);
+            Ok(())
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/events.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/events.rs
index 2fab5ecdb4..e4a84d04a4 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/events.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/events.rs
@@ -413,5 +413,35 @@ mod events {
         /// - **netuid**: The network identifier.
         /// - **who**: The account ID of the user revealing the weights.
         TimelockedWeightsRevealed(NetUid, T::AccountId),
+
+        /// Root emissions have been claimed for a coldkey on all subnets and hotkeys.
+        /// Parameters:
+        /// (coldkey)
+        RootClaimed {
+            /// Claim coldkey
+            coldkey: T::AccountId,
+        },
+
+        /// Root claim type for a coldkey has been set.
+        /// Parameters:
+        /// (coldkey, u8)
+        RootClaimTypeSet {
+            /// Claim coldkey
+            coldkey: T::AccountId,
+
+            /// Claim type
+            root_claim_type: RootClaimTypeEnum,
+        },
+
+        /// Root claim frequency for a coldkey has been set.
+        /// Parameters:
+        /// (coldkey, u8)
+        RootClaimFrequencySet {
+            /// Claim coldkey
+            coldkey: T::AccountId,
+
+            /// Claim type
+            root_claim_type: RootClaimTypeEnum,
+        },
     }
 }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..853165b5b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
+use super::*;
+use frame_support::weights::Weight;
+use sp_core::Get;
+use substrate_fixed::types::{I96F32, I110F18};
+use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
+
+impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
+    pub fn block_hash_to_indices(block_hash: T::Hash, k: u64, n: u64) -> Vec<u64> {
+        let block_hash_bytes = block_hash.as_ref();
+        let mut indices: Vec<u64> = Vec::new();
+        // k < n
+        let start_index: u64 = u64::from_be_bytes(
+            block_hash_bytes
+                .get(0..8)
+                .unwrap_or(&[0; 8])
+                .try_into()
+                .unwrap_or([0; 8]),
+        );
+        let mut last_idx = start_index;
+        for i in 0..k {
+            let bh_idx: usize = ((i.saturating_mul(8)) % 32) as usize;
+            let idx_step = u64::from_be_bytes(
+                block_hash_bytes
+                    .get(bh_idx..(bh_idx.saturating_add(8)))
+                    .unwrap_or(&[0; 8])
+                    .try_into()
+                    .unwrap_or([0; 8]),
+            );
+            let idx = last_idx
+                .saturating_add(idx_step)
+                .checked_rem(n)
+                .unwrap_or(0);
+            indices.push(idx);
+            last_idx = idx;
+        }
+        indices
+    }
+
+    pub fn increase_root_claimable_for_hotkey_and_subnet(
+        hotkey: &T::AccountId,
+        netuid: NetUid,
+        amount: AlphaCurrency,
+    ) {
+        // Get total stake on this hotkey on root.
+        let total: I96F32 =
+            I96F32::saturating_from_num(Self::get_stake_for_hotkey_on_subnet(hotkey, netuid));
+
+        // Get increment
+        let increment: I96F32 = I96F32::saturating_from_num(amount)
+            .checked_div(total)
+            .unwrap_or(I96F32::saturating_from_num(0.0));
+
+        // Convert increment to u64, mapping negative values to 0
+        let increment_u64: u64 = if increment.is_negative() {
+            0
+        } else {
+            increment.saturating_to_num::<u64>()
+        };
+
+        // Increment claimable for this subnet.
+        RootClaimable::<T>::mutate(hotkey, netuid, |total| {
+            *total = total.saturating_add(increment_u64);
+        });
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_root_claimable_for_hotkey_coldkey(
+        hotkey: &T::AccountId,
+        coldkey: &T::AccountId,
+        netuid: NetUid,
+    ) -> I110F18 {
+        // Get this keys stake balance on root.
+        let root_stake: I110F18 = I110F18::saturating_from_num(
+            Self::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(hotkey, coldkey, NetUid::ROOT),
+        );
+
+        // Get the total claimable_rate for this hotkey and this network
+        let claimable_rate: I110F18 =
+            I110F18::saturating_from_num(RootClaimable::<T>::get(hotkey, netuid));
+
+        // Compute the proportion owed to this coldkey via balance.
+        let claimable: I110F18 = claimable_rate.saturating_mul(root_stake);
+
+        claimable
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_root_owed_for_hotkey_coldkey_float(
+        hotkey: &T::AccountId,
+        coldkey: &T::AccountId,
+        netuid: NetUid,
+    ) -> I110F18 {
+        let claimable = Self::get_root_claimable_for_hotkey_coldkey(hotkey, coldkey, netuid);
+
+        // Attain the claimable debt to avoid overclaiming.
+        let debt: I110F18 =
+            I110F18::saturating_from_num(RootDebt::<T>::get((hotkey, coldkey, netuid)));
+
+        // Substract the debt.
+        let owed: I110F18 = claimable.saturating_sub(debt);
+
+        owed
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_root_owed_for_hotkey_coldkey(
+        hotkey: &T::AccountId,
+        coldkey: &T::AccountId,
+        netuid: NetUid,
+    ) -> u64 {
+        let owed = Self::get_root_owed_for_hotkey_coldkey_float(hotkey, coldkey, netuid);
+
+        // Convert owed to u64, mapping negative values to 0
+        let owed_u64: u64 = if owed.is_negative() {
+            0
+        } else {
+            owed.saturating_to_num::<u64>()
+        };
+
+        owed_u64
+    }
+
+    pub fn root_claim_on_subnet(
+        hotkey: &T::AccountId,
+        coldkey: &T::AccountId,
+        netuid: NetUid,
+        root_claim_type: RootClaimTypeEnum,
+    ) {
+        // Substract the debt.
+        let owed: I110F18 = Self::get_root_owed_for_hotkey_coldkey_float(hotkey, coldkey, netuid);
+
+        if owed == 0 || owed < I110F18::saturating_from_num(DefaultMinRootClaimAmount::<T>::get()) {
+            return; // no-op
+        }
+
+        // Convert owed to u64, mapping negative values to 0
+        let owed_u64: u64 = if owed.is_negative() {
+            0
+        } else {
+            owed.saturating_to_num::<u64>()
+        };
+
+        if owed_u64 == 0 {
+            return; // no-op
+        }
+
+        match root_claim_type {
+            //  Increase stake on root
+            RootClaimTypeEnum::Swap => {
+                // Swap the alpha owed to TAO
+                let Ok(owed_tao) = Self::swap_alpha_for_tao(
+                    netuid,
+                    owed_u64.into(),
+                    T::SwapInterface::max_price().into(),
+                    false,
+                ) else {
+                    return; // no-op
+                };
+
+                Self::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+                    hotkey,
+                    coldkey,
+                    NetUid::ROOT,
+                    owed_tao.amount_paid_out.into(),
+                );
+            }
+            RootClaimTypeEnum::Keep => {
+                // Increase the stake with the alpha owned
+                Self::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+                    hotkey,
+                    coldkey,
+                    netuid,
+                    owed_u64.into(),
+                );
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Increase root debt by owed amount.
+        RootDebt::<T>::mutate((hotkey, coldkey, netuid), |debt| {
+            *debt = debt.saturating_add(owed.saturating_to_num::<I96F32>());
+        });
+    }
+
+    // TODO: weight
+    fn root_claim_on_subnet_weight(_root_claim_type: RootClaimTypeEnum) -> Weight {
+        Weight::default()
+    }
+    pub fn root_claim_all(hotkey: &T::AccountId, coldkey: &T::AccountId) -> Weight {
+        let mut weight = Weight::default();
+
+        weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads(1));
+        let root_claim_type = RootClaimType::<T>::get(coldkey);
+
+        // Iterate over all the subnets this hotkey has claimable for root.
+        RootClaimable::<T>::iter_prefix(hotkey).for_each(|(netuid, _)| {
+            weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads(1));
+            weight.saturating_accrue(Self::root_claim_on_subnet_weight(root_claim_type.clone()));
+
+            Self::root_claim_on_subnet(hotkey, coldkey, netuid, root_claim_type.clone());
+        });
+
+        weight
+    }
+
+    pub fn add_stake_adjust_debt_for_hotkey_and_coldkey(
+        hotkey: &T::AccountId,
+        coldkey: &T::AccountId,
+        amount: u64,
+    ) {
+        // Iterate over all the subnets this hotkey is staked on for root.
+        for (netuid, claimable_rate) in RootClaimable::<T>::iter_prefix(hotkey) {
+            // Get the total claimable_rate for this hotkey and this network
+            let claimable_rate_float = I110F18::saturating_from_num(claimable_rate);
+
+            // Get current staker-debt.
+            let debt: I110F18 =
+                I110F18::saturating_from_num(RootDebt::<T>::get((hotkey, coldkey, netuid)));
+
+            // Increase debt based on the claimable rate.
+            let new_debt: I110F18 = debt.saturating_add(
+                claimable_rate_float.saturating_mul(I110F18::saturating_from_num(amount)),
+            );
+
+            // Set the new debt.
+            RootDebt::<T>::insert(
+                (hotkey, coldkey, netuid),
+                new_debt.saturating_to_num::<I96F32>(),
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn remove_stake_adjust_debt_for_hotkey_and_coldkey(
+        hotkey: &T::AccountId,
+        coldkey: &T::AccountId,
+        amount: AlphaCurrency,
+    ) {
+        // Iterate over all the subnets this hotkey is staked on for root.
+        for (netuid, claimable_rate) in RootClaimable::<T>::iter_prefix(hotkey) {
+            if netuid == NetUid::ROOT.into() {
+                continue; // Skip the root netuid.
+            }
+
+            // Get the total claimable_rate for this hotkey and this network
+            let claimable_rate_float = I110F18::saturating_from_num(claimable_rate);
+
+            // Get current staker-debt.
+            let debt: I110F18 =
+                I110F18::saturating_from_num(RootDebt::<T>::get((hotkey, coldkey, netuid)));
+
+            // Decrease debt based on the claimable rate.
+            let new_debt: I110F18 = debt.saturating_sub(
+                claimable_rate_float.saturating_mul(I110F18::saturating_from_num(amount)),
+            );
+
+            // Set the new debt.
+            RootDebt::<T>::insert(
+                (hotkey, coldkey, netuid),
+                new_debt.saturating_to_num::<I96F32>(),
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn do_root_claim(coldkey: T::AccountId) -> Weight {
+        let mut weight = Weight::default();
+
+        let hotkeys = StakingHotkeys::<T>::get(&coldkey);
+        weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads(1));
+
+        hotkeys.iter().for_each(|hotkey| {
+            weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads(1));
+            weight.saturating_accrue(Self::root_claim_all(hotkey, &coldkey));
+        });
+
+        Self::deposit_event(Event::RootClaimed { coldkey });
+
+        weight
+    }
+
+    // TODO:
+    fn block_hash_to_indices_weight(_k: u64, _n: u64) -> Weight {
+        Weight::default()
+    }
+
+    pub fn run_auto_claim_root_divs(last_block_hash: T::Hash) -> Weight {
+        let mut weight: Weight = Weight::default();
+
+        let n = NumStakingColdkeys::<T>::get();
+        let k = NumRootClaim::<T>::get();
+        weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads(2));
+
+        let coldkeys_to_claim: Vec<u64> = Self::block_hash_to_indices(last_block_hash, k, n);
+        weight.saturating_accrue(Self::block_hash_to_indices_weight(k, n));
+
+        for i in coldkeys_to_claim.iter() {
+            weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads(1));
+            if let Ok(coldkey) = StakingColdkeys::<T>::try_get(i) {
+                weight.saturating_accrue(Self::do_root_claim(coldkey.clone()));
+            }
+
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        weight
+    }
+
+    pub fn change_root_claim_type(coldkey: &T::AccountId, new_type: RootClaimTypeEnum) {
+        RootClaimType::<T>::insert(coldkey.clone(), new_type.clone());
+
+        Self::deposit_event(Event::RootClaimTypeSet {
+            coldkey: coldkey.clone(),
+            root_claim_type: new_type,
+        });
+    }
+}
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/mod.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/mod.rs
index 570658631a..ad2b66189f 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/mod.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/mod.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 use super::*;
 pub mod account;
 pub mod add_stake;
+mod claim_root;
 pub mod decrease_take;
 pub mod helpers;
 pub mod increase_take;
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/stake_utils.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/stake_utils.rs
index 528289ec0e..3bc18094c9 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/stake_utils.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/stake_utils.rs
@@ -734,6 +734,12 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             Self::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(hotkey, coldkey, netuid, refund);
         }
 
+        // If this is a root-stake
+        if netuid == NetUid::ROOT {
+            // Adjust root debt for this hotkey and coldkey.
+            Self::remove_stake_adjust_debt_for_hotkey_and_coldkey(hotkey, coldkey, alpha);
+        }
+
         // Step 3: Update StakingHotkeys if the hotkey's total alpha, across all subnets, is zero
         // TODO const: fix.
         // if Self::get_stake(hotkey, coldkey) == 0 {
@@ -819,6 +825,13 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             Self::set_stake_operation_limit(hotkey, coldkey, netuid.into());
         }
 
+        // If this is a root-stake
+        if netuid == NetUid::ROOT {
+            // Adjust root debt for this hotkey and coldkey.
+            let alpha = swap_result.amount_paid_out.into();
+            Self::add_stake_adjust_debt_for_hotkey_and_coldkey(hotkey, coldkey, alpha);
+        }
+
         // Deposit and log the staking event.
         Self::deposit_event(Event::StakeAdded(
             coldkey.clone(),

From 48cac2fc0175ac4a83f89d44745922d8bc365e4f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aliaksandr Tsurko <ales@opentensor.dev>
Date: Thu, 11 Sep 2025 17:30:58 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 005/218] Resolve trait requirements

---
 pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs    | 23 +++++++++-
 pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs     | 68 ++++++++++++++++++++--------
 pallets/swap/src/pallet/swap_step.rs |  5 +-
 3 files changed, 71 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs b/pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs
index 4456c1a9f3..e54c5752f0 100644
--- a/pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@ pub trait SwapHandler<AccountId> {
         PaidOut: Currency,
         ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<PaidIn>,
         ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<PaidOut>,
-        OrderT: Order<PaidIn, PaidOut>;
+        OrderT: Order<PaidIn, PaidOut>,
+        Self: SwapEngine<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut, OrderT>;
     fn sim_swap<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut, OrderT>(
         netuid: NetUid,
         order: OrderT,
@@ -34,7 +35,8 @@ pub trait SwapHandler<AccountId> {
         ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<PaidIn>,
         ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<PaidOut>,
         OrderT: Order<PaidIn, PaidOut>,
-        Self: DefaultPriceLimit<PaidIn, PaidOut>;
+        Self: DefaultPriceLimit<PaidIn, PaidOut>
+            + SwapEngine<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut, OrderT>;
     fn approx_fee_amount<T: Currency>(netuid: NetUid, amount: T) -> T;
     fn current_alpha_price(netuid: NetUid) -> U96F32;
     fn max_price<C: Currency>() -> C;
@@ -55,6 +57,23 @@ where
     fn default_price_limit<C: Currency>() -> C;
 }
 
+pub trait SwapEngine<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut, OrderT>
+where
+    PaidIn: Currency,
+    PaidOut: Currency,
+    ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<PaidIn>,
+    ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<PaidOut>,
+    OrderT: Order<PaidIn, PaidOut>,
+{
+    fn swap(
+        netuid: NetUid,
+        order: OrderT,
+        price_limit: TaoCurrency,
+        drop_fees: bool,
+        should_rollback: bool,
+    ) -> Result<SwapResult<PaidIn, PaidOut>, DispatchError>;
+}
+
 #[derive(Decode, Encode, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Debug, TypeInfo)]
 pub struct SwapResult<PaidIn, PaidOut>
 where
diff --git a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs
index 74f534d4e7..c27ea9213b 100644
--- a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@ use substrate_fixed::types::{I64F64, U64F64, U96F32};
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{
     AlphaCurrency, BalanceOps, Currency, CurrencyReserve, NetUid, SubnetInfo, TaoCurrency,
 };
-use subtensor_swap_interface::{DefaultPriceLimit, Order as OrderT, SwapHandler, SwapResult};
+use subtensor_swap_interface::{
+    DefaultPriceLimit, Order as OrderT, SwapEngine, SwapHandler, SwapResult,
+};
 
 use super::pallet::*;
 use super::swap_step::{BasicSwapStep, SwapStep, SwapStepAction};
@@ -186,7 +188,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     ///       reserve.
     ///
     /// Use simulation mode to preview the outcome of a swap without modifying the blockchain state.
-    pub fn do_swap<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut, Order>(
+    pub(crate) fn do_swap<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut, Order>(
         netuid: NetUid,
         order: Order,
         limit_sqrt_price: SqrtPrice,
@@ -279,7 +281,6 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             // Create and execute a swap step
             let mut swap_step = BasicSwapStep::<T, PaidIn, PaidOut, Order>::new(
                 netuid,
-                order.clone(),
                 amount_remaining,
                 limit_sqrt_price,
                 drop_fees,
@@ -803,6 +804,39 @@ impl<T: Config> DefaultPriceLimit<AlphaCurrency, TaoCurrency> for Pallet<T> {
     }
 }
 
+impl<T: Config, PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut, Order>
+    SwapEngine<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut, Order> for Pallet<T>
+where
+    PaidIn: Currency,
+    PaidOut: Currency,
+    ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<PaidIn>,
+    ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<PaidOut>,
+    Order: OrderT<PaidIn, PaidOut>,
+    BasicSwapStep<T, PaidIn, PaidOut, Order>: SwapStep<T, PaidIn, PaidOut, Order>,
+{
+    fn swap(
+        netuid: NetUid,
+        order: Order,
+        price_limit: TaoCurrency,
+        drop_fees: bool,
+        should_rollback: bool,
+    ) -> Result<SwapResult<PaidIn, PaidOut>, DispatchError> {
+        let limit_sqrt_price = SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(price_limit.to_u64())
+            .safe_div(SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(1_000_000_000))
+            .checked_sqrt(SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(0.0000000001))
+            .ok_or(Error::<T>::PriceLimitExceeded)?;
+
+        Self::do_swap::<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut, Order>(
+            NetUid::from(netuid),
+            order,
+            limit_sqrt_price,
+            drop_fees,
+            should_rollback,
+        )
+        .map_err(Into::into)
+    }
+}
+
 impl<T: Config> SwapHandler<T::AccountId> for Pallet<T> {
     fn swap<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut, Order>(
         netuid: NetUid,
@@ -817,17 +851,12 @@ impl<T: Config> SwapHandler<T::AccountId> for Pallet<T> {
         ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<PaidIn>,
         ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<PaidOut>,
         Order: OrderT<PaidIn, PaidOut>,
-        BasicSwapStep<T, PaidIn, PaidOut, Order>: SwapStep<T, PaidIn, PaidOut, Order>,
+        Self: SwapEngine<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut, Order>,
     {
-        let limit_sqrt_price = SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(price_limit.to_u64())
-            .safe_div(SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(1_000_000_000))
-            .checked_sqrt(SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(0.0000000001))
-            .ok_or(Error::<T>::PriceLimitExceeded)?;
-
-        Self::do_swap::<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut, Order>(
+        <Self as SwapEngine<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut, Order>>::swap(
             NetUid::from(netuid),
             order,
-            limit_sqrt_price,
+            price_limit,
             drop_fees,
             should_rollback,
         )
@@ -845,19 +874,20 @@ impl<T: Config> SwapHandler<T::AccountId> for Pallet<T> {
         ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<PaidIn>,
         ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<PaidOut>,
         Order: OrderT<PaidIn, PaidOut>,
-        Self: DefaultPriceLimit<PaidIn, PaidOut>,
+        Self: DefaultPriceLimit<PaidIn, PaidOut>
+            + SwapEngine<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut, Order>,
     {
         match T::SubnetInfo::mechanism(netuid) {
             1 => {
                 let price_limit = Self::default_price_limit::<TaoCurrency>();
 
-                Self::swap::<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut, Order>(
-                    netuid,
-                    order,
-                    price_limit,
-                    false,
-                    true,
-                )
+                <Self as SwapHandler<T::AccountId>>::swap::<
+                    PaidIn,
+                    PaidOut,
+                    ReserveIn,
+                    ReserveOut,
+                    Order,
+                >(netuid, order, price_limit, false, true)
             }
             _ => Ok(SwapResult {
                 amount_paid_in: amount,
diff --git a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/swap_step.rs b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/swap_step.rs
index 6a7e0c9bc0..4a83c0dbeb 100644
--- a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/swap_step.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/swap_step.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ where
 {
     // Input parameters
     netuid: NetUid,
-    order: Order,
     drop_fees: bool,
 
     // Computed values
@@ -41,7 +40,7 @@ where
     final_price: SqrtPrice,
     fee: PaidIn,
 
-    _phantom: PhantomData<(T, PaidIn, PaidOut)>,
+    _phantom: PhantomData<(T, PaidIn, PaidOut, Order)>,
 }
 
 impl<T, PaidIn, PaidOut, Order> BasicSwapStep<T, PaidIn, PaidOut, Order>
@@ -55,7 +54,6 @@ where
     /// Creates and initializes a new swap step
     pub(crate) fn new(
         netuid: NetUid,
-        order: Order,
         amount_remaining: PaidIn,
         limit_sqrt_price: SqrtPrice,
         drop_fees: bool,
@@ -76,7 +74,6 @@ where
 
         Self {
             netuid,
-            order,
             drop_fees,
             target_sqrt_price,
             limit_sqrt_price,

From c579597d9d68f9f00a264ab773af39513d1dba57 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 12 Sep 2025 12:37:57 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 006/218] Alter coinbase.rs

---
 .../subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs    | 134 ++++++++++--------
 pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs                  |   5 +
 2 files changed, 82 insertions(+), 57 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs
index 21fc9bd603..c6a0484e07 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs
@@ -214,23 +214,32 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             // Get pending alpha as original alpha_out - root_alpha.
             let pending_alpha: U96F32 = alpha_out_i.saturating_sub(root_alpha);
             log::debug!("pending_alpha: {pending_alpha:?}");
-            // Sell root emission through the pool (do not pay fees)
+
             let subsidized: bool = *is_subsidized.get(netuid_i).unwrap_or(&false);
             if !subsidized {
-                let swap_result = Self::swap_alpha_for_tao(
-                    *netuid_i,
-                    tou64!(root_alpha).into(),
-                    T::SwapInterface::min_price().into(),
-                    true,
-                );
-                if let Ok(ok_result) = swap_result {
-                    let root_tao: u64 = ok_result.amount_paid_out;
-                    // Accumulate root divs for subnet.
-                    PendingRootDivs::<T>::mutate(*netuid_i, |total| {
-                        *total = total.saturating_add(root_tao.into());
-                    });
-                }
+                PendingRootAlphaDivs::<T>::mutate(*netuid_i, |total| {
+                    *total = total.saturating_add(tou64!(root_alpha).into());
+                });
             }
+
+        // // Sell root emission through the pool (do not pay fees)
+            // let subsidized: bool = *is_subsidized.get(netuid_i).unwrap_or(&false);
+            // if !subsidized {
+            //     let swap_result = Self::swap_alpha_for_tao(
+            //         *netuid_i,
+            //         tou64!(root_alpha).into(),
+            //         T::SwapInterface::min_price().into(),
+            //         true,
+            //     );
+            //     if let Ok(ok_result) = swap_result {
+            //         let root_tao: u64 = ok_result.amount_paid_out;
+            //         // Accumulate root divs for subnet.
+            //         PendingRootDivs::<T>::mutate(*netuid_i, |total| {
+            //             *total = total.saturating_add(root_tao.into());
+            //         });
+            //     }
+            // }
+
             // Accumulate alpha emission in pending.
             PendingAlphaSwapped::<T>::mutate(*netuid_i, |total| {
                 *total = total.saturating_add(tou64!(root_alpha).into());
@@ -266,8 +275,8 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                 PendingEmission::<T>::insert(netuid, AlphaCurrency::ZERO);
 
                 // Get and drain the subnet pending root divs.
-                let pending_tao = PendingRootDivs::<T>::get(netuid);
-                PendingRootDivs::<T>::insert(netuid, TaoCurrency::ZERO);
+                let pending_root_alpha = PendingRootAlphaDivs::<T>::get(netuid);
+                PendingRootAlphaDivs::<T>::insert(netuid, AlphaCurrency::ZERO);
 
                 // Get this amount as alpha that was swapped for pending root divs.
                 let pending_swapped = PendingAlphaSwapped::<T>::get(netuid);
@@ -281,7 +290,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                 Self::drain_pending_emission(
                     netuid,
                     pending_alpha,
-                    pending_tao,
+                    pending_root_alpha,
                     pending_swapped,
                     owner_cut,
                 );
@@ -327,7 +336,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
 
     pub fn calculate_dividend_distribution(
         pending_alpha: AlphaCurrency,
-        pending_tao: TaoCurrency,
+        pending_root_alpha: AlphaCurrency,
         tao_weight: U96F32,
         stake_map: BTreeMap<T::AccountId, (AlphaCurrency, AlphaCurrency)>,
         dividends: BTreeMap<T::AccountId, U96F32>,
@@ -338,7 +347,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         log::debug!("dividends: {dividends:?}");
         log::debug!("stake_map: {stake_map:?}");
         log::debug!("pending_alpha: {pending_alpha:?}");
-        log::debug!("pending_tao: {pending_tao:?}");
+        log::debug!("pending_root_alpha: {pending_root_alpha:?}");
         log::debug!("tao_weight: {tao_weight:?}");
 
         // Setup.
@@ -390,22 +399,22 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         log::debug!("total_root_divs: {total_root_divs:?}");
         log::debug!("total_alpha_divs: {total_alpha_divs:?}");
 
-        // Compute root divs as TAO. Here we take
-        let mut tao_dividends: BTreeMap<T::AccountId, U96F32> = BTreeMap::new();
+        // Compute root alpha divs. Here we take
+        let mut root_alpha_dividends: BTreeMap<T::AccountId, U96F32> = BTreeMap::new();
         for (hotkey, root_divs) in root_dividends {
             // Root proportion.
             let root_share: U96F32 = root_divs.checked_div(total_root_divs).unwrap_or(zero);
             log::debug!("hotkey: {hotkey:?}, root_share: {root_share:?}");
             // Root proportion in TAO
-            let root_tao: U96F32 = asfloat!(pending_tao).saturating_mul(root_share);
+            let root_tao: U96F32 = asfloat!(pending_root_alpha).saturating_mul(root_share);
             log::debug!("hotkey: {hotkey:?}, root_tao: {root_tao:?}");
             // Record root dividends as TAO.
-            tao_dividends
+            root_alpha_dividends
                 .entry(hotkey)
                 .and_modify(|e| *e = root_tao)
                 .or_insert(root_tao);
         }
-        log::debug!("tao_dividends: {tao_dividends:?}");
+        log::debug!("root_alpha_dividends: {root_alpha_dividends:?}");
 
         // Compute proportional alpha divs using the pending alpha and total alpha divs from the epoch.
         let mut prop_alpha_dividends: BTreeMap<T::AccountId, U96F32> = BTreeMap::new();
@@ -425,7 +434,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         }
         log::debug!("prop_alpha_dividends: {prop_alpha_dividends:?}");
 
-        (prop_alpha_dividends, tao_dividends)
+        (prop_alpha_dividends, root_alpha_dividends)
     }
 
     fn get_immune_owner_hotkeys(netuid: NetUid, coldkey: &T::AccountId) -> Vec<T::AccountId> {
@@ -474,7 +483,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         owner_cut: AlphaCurrency,
         incentives: BTreeMap<T::AccountId, AlphaCurrency>,
         alpha_dividends: BTreeMap<T::AccountId, U96F32>,
-        tao_dividends: BTreeMap<T::AccountId, U96F32>,
+        root_alpha_dividends: BTreeMap<T::AccountId, U96F32>,
     ) {
         // Distribute the owner cut.
         if let Ok(owner_coldkey) = SubnetOwner::<T>::try_get(netuid) {
@@ -550,38 +559,49 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             TotalHotkeyAlphaLastEpoch::<T>::insert(hotkey, netuid, total_hotkey_alpha);
         }
 
-        // Distribute root tao divs.
-        let _ = TaoDividendsPerSubnet::<T>::clear_prefix(netuid, u32::MAX, None);
-        for (hotkey, mut root_tao) in tao_dividends {
+        // Distribute root alpha divs.
+        // TODO: TaoDividendsPerSubnet -> AlphaDividendsPerSubnet
+//        let _ = TaoDividendsPerSubnet::<T>::clear_prefix(netuid, u32::MAX, None);
+        for (hotkey, mut root_alpha) in root_alpha_dividends {
             // Get take prop
-            let tao_take: U96F32 = Self::get_hotkey_take_float(&hotkey).saturating_mul(root_tao);
+            let alpha_take: U96F32 = Self::get_hotkey_take_float(&hotkey).saturating_mul(root_alpha);
             // Remove take prop from root_tao
-            root_tao = root_tao.saturating_sub(tao_take);
+            root_alpha = root_alpha.saturating_sub(alpha_take);
             // Give the validator their take.
-            log::debug!("hotkey: {hotkey:?} tao_take: {tao_take:?}");
-            let validator_stake = Self::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            log::debug!("hotkey: {hotkey:?} alpha_take: {alpha_take:?}");
+            let _validator_stake = Self::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
                 &hotkey,
                 &Owner::<T>::get(hotkey.clone()),
-                NetUid::ROOT,
-                tou64!(tao_take).into(),
+                netuid,
+                tou64!(alpha_take).into(),
             );
+
             // Give rest to nominators.
-            log::debug!("hotkey: {hotkey:?} root_tao: {root_tao:?}");
             Self::increase_stake_for_hotkey_on_subnet(
                 &hotkey,
-                NetUid::ROOT,
-                tou64!(root_tao).into(),
+                netuid,
+                tou64!(root_alpha).into(),
             );
-            // Record root dividends for this validator on this subnet.
-            TaoDividendsPerSubnet::<T>::mutate(netuid, hotkey.clone(), |divs| {
-                *divs = divs.saturating_add(tou64!(root_tao).into());
-            });
-            // Update the total TAO on the subnet with root tao dividends.
-            SubnetTAO::<T>::mutate(NetUid::ROOT, |total| {
-                *total = total
-                    .saturating_add(validator_stake.to_u64().into())
-                    .saturating_add(tou64!(root_tao).into());
-            });
+
+            Self::increase_root_claimable_for_hotkey_and_subnet(
+                &hotkey,
+                netuid,
+                tou64!(root_alpha).into(),
+            );
+
+            // TODO: TaoDividendsPerSubnet -> AlphaDividendsPerSubnet
+            // TODO: SubnetTAO -> SubnetAlphaIn ?? SubnetAlphaOut
+
+            // // Record root dividends for this validator on this subnet.
+            // TaoDividendsPerSubnet::<T>::mutate(netuid, hotkey.clone(), |divs| {
+            //     *divs = divs.saturating_add(tou64!(root_tao).into());
+            // });
+            // // Update the total TAO on the subnet with root tao dividends.
+            // SubnetTAO::<T>::mutate(NetUid::ROOT, |total| {
+            //     *total = total
+            //         .saturating_add(validator_stake.to_u64().into())
+            //         .saturating_add(tou64!(root_tao).into());
+            // });
         }
     }
 
@@ -602,7 +622,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
 
     pub fn calculate_dividend_and_incentive_distribution(
         netuid: NetUid,
-        pending_tao: TaoCurrency,
+        pending_root_alpha: AlphaCurrency,
         pending_validator_alpha: AlphaCurrency,
         hotkey_emission: Vec<(T::AccountId, AlphaCurrency, AlphaCurrency)>,
         tao_weight: U96F32,
@@ -618,26 +638,26 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
 
         let stake_map = Self::get_stake_map(netuid, dividends.keys().collect::<Vec<_>>());
 
-        let (alpha_dividends, tao_dividends) = Self::calculate_dividend_distribution(
+        let (alpha_dividends, root_alpha_dividends) = Self::calculate_dividend_distribution(
             pending_validator_alpha,
-            pending_tao,
+            pending_root_alpha,
             tao_weight,
             stake_map,
             dividends,
         );
 
-        (incentives, (alpha_dividends, tao_dividends))
+        (incentives, (alpha_dividends, root_alpha_dividends))
     }
 
     pub fn drain_pending_emission(
         netuid: NetUid,
         pending_alpha: AlphaCurrency,
-        pending_tao: TaoCurrency,
+        pending_root_alpha: AlphaCurrency,
         pending_swapped: AlphaCurrency,
         owner_cut: AlphaCurrency,
     ) {
         log::debug!(
-            "Draining pending alpha emission for netuid {netuid:?}, pending_alpha: {pending_alpha:?}, pending_tao: {pending_tao:?}, pending_swapped: {pending_swapped:?}, owner_cut: {owner_cut:?}"
+            "Draining pending alpha emission for netuid {netuid:?}, pending_alpha: {pending_alpha:?}, pending_root_alpha: {pending_root_alpha:?}, pending_swapped: {pending_swapped:?}, owner_cut: {owner_cut:?}"
         );
 
         let tao_weight = Self::get_tao_weight();
@@ -669,10 +689,10 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             pending_alpha
         };
 
-        let (incentives, (alpha_dividends, tao_dividends)) =
+        let (incentives, (alpha_dividends, root_alpha_dividends)) =
             Self::calculate_dividend_and_incentive_distribution(
                 netuid,
-                pending_tao,
+                pending_root_alpha,
                 pending_validator_alpha,
                 hotkey_emission,
                 tao_weight,
@@ -683,7 +703,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             owner_cut,
             incentives,
             alpha_dividends,
-            tao_dividends,
+            root_alpha_dividends,
         );
     }
 
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
index 3bccc112c6..2718a98084 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
@@ -1332,6 +1332,11 @@ pub mod pallet {
     /// --- MAP ( netuid ) --> pending_root_emission
     pub type PendingRootDivs<T> =
         StorageMap<_, Identity, NetUid, TaoCurrency, ValueQuery, DefaultZeroTao<T>>;
+
+    /// --- MAP ( netuid ) --> pending_root_emission
+    #[pallet::storage]
+    pub type PendingRootAlphaDivs<T> =
+        StorageMap<_, Identity, NetUid, AlphaCurrency, ValueQuery, DefaultZeroAlpha<T>>;
     #[pallet::storage]
     /// --- MAP ( netuid ) --> pending_alpha_swapped
     pub type PendingAlphaSwapped<T> =

From 6c614fe542ef636c286f97a619e60c322af0020d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 12 Sep 2025 12:37:50 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 007/218] Alter tests

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs | 62 +++++++++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 37 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs
index 30cef8556f..ac9bc50522 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs
@@ -578,7 +578,7 @@ fn test_drain_base() {
         SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
             0.into(),
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
-            TaoCurrency::ZERO,
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         )
@@ -594,7 +594,7 @@ fn test_drain_base_with_subnet() {
         SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
             netuid,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
-            TaoCurrency::ZERO,
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         )
@@ -620,7 +620,7 @@ fn test_drain_base_with_subnet_with_single_staker_not_registered() {
         SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
             netuid,
             pending_alpha.into(),
-            TaoCurrency::ZERO,
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
@@ -650,7 +650,7 @@ fn test_drain_base_with_subnet_with_single_staker_registered() {
         SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
             netuid,
             pending_alpha,
-            TaoCurrency::ZERO,
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
@@ -695,7 +695,8 @@ fn test_drain_base_with_subnet_with_single_staker_registered_root_weight() {
         SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
             netuid,
             pending_alpha,
-            pending_tao,
+         //   pending_tao,
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
@@ -748,7 +749,7 @@ fn test_drain_base_with_subnet_with_two_stakers_registered() {
         SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
             netuid,
             pending_alpha,
-            TaoCurrency::ZERO,
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
@@ -814,7 +815,8 @@ fn test_drain_base_with_subnet_with_two_stakers_registered_and_root() {
         SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
             netuid,
             pending_alpha,
-            pending_tao,
+            //   pending_tao,
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
@@ -901,7 +903,8 @@ fn test_drain_base_with_subnet_with_two_stakers_registered_and_root_different_am
         SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
             netuid,
             pending_alpha,
-            pending_tao,
+            //   pending_tao,
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             0.into(),
             0.into(),
         );
@@ -1001,7 +1004,8 @@ fn test_drain_base_with_subnet_with_two_stakers_registered_and_root_different_am
         SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
             netuid,
             pending_alpha,
-            pending_tao,
+            //   pending_tao,
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
@@ -1084,7 +1088,7 @@ fn test_drain_alpha_childkey_parentkey() {
         SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
             netuid,
             pending_alpha,
-            TaoCurrency::ZERO,
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
@@ -1310,7 +1314,7 @@ fn test_get_root_children_drain() {
         SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
             alpha,
             pending_alpha,
-            TaoCurrency::ZERO,
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
@@ -1334,7 +1338,8 @@ fn test_get_root_children_drain() {
         SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
             alpha,
             pending_alpha,
-            pending_root1,
+            //   pending_root1,
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
@@ -1361,7 +1366,8 @@ fn test_get_root_children_drain() {
         SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
             alpha,
             pending_alpha,
-            pending_root2,
+            //   pending_root2,
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
@@ -1463,7 +1469,7 @@ fn test_get_root_children_drain_half_proportion() {
         SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
             alpha,
             pending_alpha,
-            TaoCurrency::ZERO,
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
@@ -1550,7 +1556,7 @@ fn test_get_root_children_drain_with_take() {
         SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
             alpha,
             pending_alpha,
-            TaoCurrency::ZERO,
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
@@ -1638,7 +1644,7 @@ fn test_get_root_children_drain_with_half_take() {
         SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
             alpha,
             pending_alpha,
-            TaoCurrency::ZERO,
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
@@ -2012,7 +2018,8 @@ fn test_calculate_dividend_distribution_totals() {
 
         let (alpha_dividends, tao_dividends) = SubtensorModule::calculate_dividend_distribution(
             pending_validator_alpha,
-            pending_tao,
+            //   pending_tao,
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             tao_weight,
             stake_map,
             dividends,
@@ -2055,7 +2062,8 @@ fn test_calculate_dividend_distribution_total_only_tao() {
 
         let (alpha_dividends, tao_dividends) = SubtensorModule::calculate_dividend_distribution(
             pending_validator_alpha,
-            pending_tao,
+            //   pending_tao,
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             tao_weight,
             stake_map,
             dividends,
@@ -2098,7 +2106,8 @@ fn test_calculate_dividend_distribution_total_no_tao_weight() {
 
         let (alpha_dividends, tao_dividends) = SubtensorModule::calculate_dividend_distribution(
             pending_validator_alpha,
-            pending_tao,
+            //   pending_tao,
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             tao_weight,
             stake_map,
             dividends,
@@ -2141,7 +2150,8 @@ fn test_calculate_dividend_distribution_total_only_alpha() {
 
         let (alpha_dividends, tao_dividends) = SubtensorModule::calculate_dividend_distribution(
             pending_validator_alpha,
-            pending_tao,
+            //   pending_tao,
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             tao_weight,
             stake_map,
             dividends,
@@ -2195,7 +2205,8 @@ fn test_calculate_dividend_and_incentive_distribution() {
         let (incentives, (alpha_dividends, tao_dividends)) =
             SubtensorModule::calculate_dividend_and_incentive_distribution(
                 netuid,
-                pending_tao,
+                //   pending_tao,
+                AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
                 pending_validator_alpha,
                 hotkey_emission,
                 tao_weight,
@@ -2245,7 +2256,8 @@ fn test_calculate_dividend_and_incentive_distribution_all_to_validators() {
         let (incentives, (alpha_dividends, tao_dividends)) =
             SubtensorModule::calculate_dividend_and_incentive_distribution(
                 netuid,
-                pending_tao,
+                //   pending_tao,
+                AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
                 pending_validator_alpha,
                 hotkey_emission,
                 tao_weight,
@@ -2428,7 +2440,7 @@ fn test_drain_pending_emission_no_miners_all_drained() {
         SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
             netuid,
             emission,
-            TaoCurrency::ZERO,
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
@@ -2500,7 +2512,7 @@ fn test_drain_pending_emission_zero_emission() {
         SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
             netuid,
             0.into(),
-            TaoCurrency::ZERO,
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
@@ -2784,7 +2796,7 @@ fn test_drain_alpha_childkey_parentkey_with_burn() {
         SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
             netuid,
             pending_alpha,
-            TaoCurrency::ZERO,
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );

From e04c8e958a19f19c6949943b0fc6bee1ce6f79f5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 12 Sep 2025 14:32:55 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 008/218] Remove comments

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs | 18 ------------------
 1 file changed, 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs
index c6a0484e07..f11e2e5589 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs
@@ -222,24 +222,6 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                 });
             }
 
-        // // Sell root emission through the pool (do not pay fees)
-            // let subsidized: bool = *is_subsidized.get(netuid_i).unwrap_or(&false);
-            // if !subsidized {
-            //     let swap_result = Self::swap_alpha_for_tao(
-            //         *netuid_i,
-            //         tou64!(root_alpha).into(),
-            //         T::SwapInterface::min_price().into(),
-            //         true,
-            //     );
-            //     if let Ok(ok_result) = swap_result {
-            //         let root_tao: u64 = ok_result.amount_paid_out;
-            //         // Accumulate root divs for subnet.
-            //         PendingRootDivs::<T>::mutate(*netuid_i, |total| {
-            //             *total = total.saturating_add(root_tao.into());
-            //         });
-            //     }
-            // }
-
             // Accumulate alpha emission in pending.
             PendingAlphaSwapped::<T>::mutate(*netuid_i, |total| {
                 *total = total.saturating_add(tou64!(root_alpha).into());

From f60799307a2bacfa3f03a2febe4a1f555476b4c8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 12 Sep 2025 14:37:56 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 009/218] Change TaoDividendsPerSubnet ->
 AlphaDividendsPerSubnet

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs | 12 +++++-------
 pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs                   |  2 ++
 2 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs
index f11e2e5589..d08ca543a9 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs
@@ -542,8 +542,6 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         }
 
         // Distribute root alpha divs.
-        // TODO: TaoDividendsPerSubnet -> AlphaDividendsPerSubnet
-//        let _ = TaoDividendsPerSubnet::<T>::clear_prefix(netuid, u32::MAX, None);
         for (hotkey, mut root_alpha) in root_alpha_dividends {
             // Get take prop
             let alpha_take: U96F32 = Self::get_hotkey_take_float(&hotkey).saturating_mul(root_alpha);
@@ -571,13 +569,13 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                 tou64!(root_alpha).into(),
             );
 
-            // TODO: TaoDividendsPerSubnet -> AlphaDividendsPerSubnet
+            // Record root dividends for this validator on this subnet.
+            AlphaDividendsPerSubnet::<T>::mutate(netuid, hotkey.clone(), |divs| {
+                *divs = divs.saturating_add(tou64!(root_alpha).into());
+            });
+
             // TODO: SubnetTAO -> SubnetAlphaIn ?? SubnetAlphaOut
 
-            // // Record root dividends for this validator on this subnet.
-            // TaoDividendsPerSubnet::<T>::mutate(netuid, hotkey.clone(), |divs| {
-            //     *divs = divs.saturating_add(tou64!(root_tao).into());
-            // });
             // // Update the total TAO on the subnet with root tao dividends.
             // SubnetTAO::<T>::mutate(NetUid::ROOT, |total| {
             //     *total = total
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
index 2718a98084..d1d93cdaed 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
@@ -1058,6 +1058,8 @@ pub mod pallet {
         ValueQuery,
         DefaultZeroAlpha<T>,
     >;
+
+    #[deprecated]
     #[pallet::storage] // --- DMAP ( netuid, hotkey ) --> u64 | Last total root dividend paid to this hotkey on this subnet.
     pub type TaoDividendsPerSubnet<T: Config> = StorageDoubleMap<
         _,

From 8877c407c9480b6eaa4ad3da117993a2266c9946 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Greg Zaitsev <gregz@opentensor.dev>
Date: Fri, 12 Sep 2025 12:22:25 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 010/218] Fix: PendingAlphaSwapped only needs to increase for
 non-subsidized subnets

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs | 9 +++++----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs
index d08ca543a9..456069985a 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs
@@ -220,12 +220,13 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                 PendingRootAlphaDivs::<T>::mutate(*netuid_i, |total| {
                     *total = total.saturating_add(tou64!(root_alpha).into());
                 });
+
+                // Accumulate alpha emission in pending.
+                PendingAlphaSwapped::<T>::mutate(*netuid_i, |total| {
+                    *total = total.saturating_add(tou64!(root_alpha).into());
+                });
             }
 
-            // Accumulate alpha emission in pending.
-            PendingAlphaSwapped::<T>::mutate(*netuid_i, |total| {
-                *total = total.saturating_add(tou64!(root_alpha).into());
-            });
             // Accumulate alpha emission in pending.
             PendingEmission::<T>::mutate(*netuid_i, |total| {
                 *total = total.saturating_add(tou64!(pending_alpha).into());

From 19f09f1e4267a2201355621bfdfa23777925e16d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 27 Aug 2025 20:27:53 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 011/218] Add pallet-contracts dependency

---
 Cargo.lock         | 54 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 Cargo.toml         |  1 +
 runtime/Cargo.toml |  7 ++++++
 3 files changed, 62 insertions(+)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index b2048237da..4c1bf9e187 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -6894,6 +6894,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "pallet-base-fee",
  "pallet-collective",
  "pallet-commitments",
+ "pallet-contracts",
  "pallet-crowdloan",
  "pallet-drand",
  "pallet-election-provider-multi-phase",
@@ -7549,6 +7550,58 @@ dependencies = [
  "w3f-bls",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "pallet-contracts"
+version = "40.1.0"
+source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk.git?tag=polkadot-stable2503-6#598feddb893f5ad3923a62e41a2f179b6e10c30c"
+dependencies = [
+ "environmental",
+ "frame-benchmarking",
+ "frame-support",
+ "frame-system",
+ "impl-trait-for-tuples",
+ "log",
+ "pallet-balances",
+ "pallet-contracts-proc-macro",
+ "pallet-contracts-uapi",
+ "parity-scale-codec",
+ "paste",
+ "rand 0.8.5",
+ "rand_pcg",
+ "scale-info",
+ "serde",
+ "smallvec",
+ "sp-api",
+ "sp-core",
+ "sp-io",
+ "sp-runtime",
+ "staging-xcm",
+ "staging-xcm-builder",
+ "wasm-instrument",
+ "wasmi",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "pallet-contracts-proc-macro"
+version = "23.0.3"
+source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk.git?tag=polkadot-stable2503-6#598feddb893f5ad3923a62e41a2f179b6e10c30c"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.104",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "pallet-contracts-uapi"
+version = "14.0.0"
+source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk.git?tag=polkadot-stable2503-6#598feddb893f5ad3923a62e41a2f179b6e10c30c"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 1.3.2",
+ "parity-scale-codec",
+ "paste",
+ "scale-info",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-crowdloan"
 version = "0.1.0"
@@ -13464,6 +13517,7 @@ checksum = "1c6a0d765f5807e98a091107bae0a56ea3799f66a5de47b2c84c94a39c09974e"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "hashbrown 0.14.5",
+ "serde",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 3415b8624d..070e03b5d6 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ pallet-transaction-payment = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk
 pallet-transaction-payment-rpc = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk.git", tag = "polkadot-stable2503-6", default-features = false }
 pallet-transaction-payment-rpc-runtime-api = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk.git", tag = "polkadot-stable2503-6", default-features = false }
 pallet-root-testing = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk.git", tag = "polkadot-stable2503-6", default-features = false }
+pallet-contracts = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk.git", tag = "polkadot-stable2503-6", default-features = false }
 
 # NPoS
 frame-election-provider-support = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk.git", tag = "polkadot-stable2503-6", default-features = false }
diff --git a/runtime/Cargo.toml b/runtime/Cargo.toml
index a23b8cb5b4..2e217e423f 100644
--- a/runtime/Cargo.toml
+++ b/runtime/Cargo.toml
@@ -97,6 +97,10 @@ pallet-commitments.workspace = true
 
 # for prod_or_fast! macro
 runtime-common.workspace = true
+
+# Smart contracts support
+pallet-contracts.workspace = true
+
 # NPoS
 frame-election-provider-support = { workspace = true }
 pallet-authority-discovery = { workspace = true }
@@ -267,6 +271,7 @@ std = [
 	"pallet-subtensor-swap/std",
 	"pallet-subtensor-swap-runtime-api/std",
 	"subtensor-swap-interface/std",
+	"pallet-contracts/std",
 ]
 runtime-benchmarks = [
 	"frame-benchmarking/runtime-benchmarks",
@@ -301,6 +306,7 @@ runtime-benchmarks = [
 	"pallet-nomination-pools/runtime-benchmarks",
 	"pallet-offences/runtime-benchmarks",
 	"sp-staking/runtime-benchmarks",
+	"pallet-contracts/runtime-benchmarks",
 
 	# EVM + Frontier
 	"pallet-ethereum/runtime-benchmarks",
@@ -342,6 +348,7 @@ try-runtime = [
 	"pallet-babe/try-runtime",
 	"pallet-session/try-runtime",
 	"pallet-staking/try-runtime",
+	"pallet-contracts/try-runtime",
 	"pallet-election-provider-multi-phase/try-runtime",
 	"frame-election-provider-support/try-runtime",
 	"pallet-authority-discovery/try-runtime",

From 7d65d8ff6ba0378526d67f5a4f22532b9924b337 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 27 Aug 2025 20:29:23 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 012/218] Integrate contracts pallet into runtime

---
 runtime/src/lib.rs | 134 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 132 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/runtime/src/lib.rs b/runtime/src/lib.rs
index d49d5147e9..0690d990b2 100644
--- a/runtime/src/lib.rs
+++ b/runtime/src/lib.rs
@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ use frame_support::{
     dispatch::{DispatchResult, DispatchResultWithPostInfo},
     genesis_builder_helper::{build_state, get_preset},
     pallet_prelude::Get,
-    traits::{Contains, InsideBoth, LinearStoragePrice, fungible::HoldConsideration},
+    traits::{Contains, InsideBoth, LinearStoragePrice, Nothing, fungible::HoldConsideration},
 };
-use frame_system::{EnsureNever, EnsureRoot, EnsureRootWithSuccess, RawOrigin};
+use frame_system::{EnsureNever, EnsureRoot, EnsureRootWithSuccess, EnsureSigned, RawOrigin};
 use pallet_commitments::{CanCommit, OnMetadataCommitment};
 use pallet_grandpa::{AuthorityId as GrandpaId, fg_primitives};
 use pallet_registry::CanRegisterIdentity;
@@ -1590,6 +1590,62 @@ impl pallet_crowdloan::Config for Runtime {
     type MaxContributors = MaxContributors;
 }
 
+// Contracts pallet configuration
+parameter_types! {
+    pub const ContractDepositPerItem: Balance = deposit(1, 0);
+    pub const ContractDepositPerByte: Balance = deposit(0, 1);
+    pub const ContractDefaultDepositLimit: Balance = deposit(1024, 1024 * 1024);
+    pub ContractSchedule: pallet_contracts::Schedule<Runtime> = {
+        let mut schedule = pallet_contracts::Schedule::<Runtime>::default();
+        schedule.limits.validator_runtime_memory = 1024 * 1024 * 1024; // 1 GB
+        schedule
+    };
+    pub const CodeHashLockupDepositPercent: Perbill = Perbill::from_percent(10);
+    pub const ContractMaxDelegateDependencies: u32 = 32;
+}
+
+impl pallet_contracts::Config for Runtime {
+    type Time = Timestamp;
+    type Randomness = RandomnessCollectiveFlip;
+    type Currency = Balances;
+    type RuntimeEvent = RuntimeEvent;
+    type RuntimeCall = RuntimeCall;
+    /// The safest default is to allow no calls at all.
+    ///
+    /// Runtimes should whitelist dispatchables that are allowed to be called from contracts
+    /// and make sure they are stable. Dispatchables exposed to contracts are not allowed to
+    /// change because that would break already deployed contracts. The `Call` structure itself
+    /// is not allowed to change the indices of existing pallets, too.
+    type CallFilter = Nothing;
+    type DepositPerItem = ContractDepositPerItem;
+    type DepositPerByte = ContractDepositPerByte;
+    type DefaultDepositLimit = ContractDefaultDepositLimit;
+    type CallStack = [pallet_contracts::Frame<Self>; 5];
+    type WeightPrice = pallet_transaction_payment::Pallet<Self>;
+    type WeightInfo = pallet_contracts::weights::SubstrateWeight<Self>;
+    type ChainExtension = ();
+    type Schedule = ContractSchedule;
+    type AddressGenerator = pallet_contracts::DefaultAddressGenerator;
+    type MaxCodeLen = ConstU32<{ 123 * 1024 }>;
+    type MaxStorageKeyLen = ConstU32<128>;
+    type UnsafeUnstableInterface = ConstBool<false>;
+    type MaxDebugBufferLen = ConstU32<{ 2 * 1024 * 1024 }>;
+    type RuntimeHoldReason = RuntimeHoldReason;
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "runtime-benchmarks"))]
+    type Migrations = ();
+    #[cfg(feature = "runtime-benchmarks")]
+    type Migrations = pallet_contracts::migration::codegen::BenchMigrations;
+    type MaxDelegateDependencies = ContractMaxDelegateDependencies;
+    type CodeHashLockupDepositPercent = CodeHashLockupDepositPercent;
+    type Debug = ();
+    type Environment = ();
+    type Xcm = ();
+    type MaxTransientStorageSize = ConstU32<{ 1024 * 1024 }>;
+    type UploadOrigin = EnsureSigned<AccountId>;
+    type InstantiateOrigin = EnsureSigned<AccountId>;
+    type ApiVersion = ();
+}
+
 // Create the runtime by composing the FRAME pallets that were previously configured.
 construct_runtime!(
     pub struct Runtime
@@ -1626,6 +1682,7 @@ construct_runtime!(
         Drand: pallet_drand = 26,
         Crowdloan: pallet_crowdloan = 27,
         Swap: pallet_subtensor_swap = 28,
+        Contracts: pallet_contracts = 29,
     }
 );
 
@@ -1739,6 +1796,8 @@ fn generate_genesis_json() -> Vec<u8> {
     json_str.as_bytes().to_vec()
 }
 
+type EventRecord = frame_system::EventRecord<RuntimeEvent, Hash>;
+
 impl_runtime_apis! {
     impl sp_api::Core<Block> for Runtime {
         fn version() -> RuntimeVersion {
@@ -2198,6 +2257,77 @@ impl_runtime_apis! {
         }
     }
 
+    impl pallet_contracts::ContractsApi<Block, AccountId, Balance, BlockNumber, Hash, EventRecord>
+        for Runtime
+    {
+        fn call(
+            origin: AccountId,
+            dest: AccountId,
+            value: Balance,
+            gas_limit: Option<Weight>,
+            storage_deposit_limit: Option<Balance>,
+            input_data: Vec<u8>,
+        ) -> pallet_contracts::ContractExecResult<Balance, EventRecord> {
+            let gas_limit = gas_limit.unwrap_or(BlockWeights::get().max_block);
+            Contracts::bare_call(
+                origin,
+                dest,
+                value,
+                gas_limit,
+                storage_deposit_limit,
+                input_data,
+                pallet_contracts::DebugInfo::Skip,
+                pallet_contracts::CollectEvents::Skip,
+                pallet_contracts::Determinism::Enforced,
+            )
+        }
+
+        fn instantiate(
+            origin: AccountId,
+            value: Balance,
+            gas_limit: Option<Weight>,
+            storage_deposit_limit: Option<Balance>,
+            code: pallet_contracts::Code<Hash>,
+            data: Vec<u8>,
+            salt: Vec<u8>,
+        ) -> pallet_contracts::ContractInstantiateResult<AccountId, Balance, EventRecord>
+        {
+            let gas_limit = gas_limit.unwrap_or(BlockWeights::get().max_block);
+            Contracts::bare_instantiate(
+                origin,
+                value,
+                gas_limit,
+                storage_deposit_limit,
+                code,
+                data,
+                salt,
+                pallet_contracts::DebugInfo::Skip,
+                pallet_contracts::CollectEvents::Skip,
+            )
+        }
+
+        fn upload_code(
+            origin: AccountId,
+            code: Vec<u8>,
+            storage_deposit_limit: Option<Balance>,
+            determinism: pallet_contracts::Determinism,
+        ) -> pallet_contracts::CodeUploadResult<Hash, Balance> {
+            Contracts::bare_upload_code(
+                origin,
+                code,
+                storage_deposit_limit,
+                determinism,
+            )
+        }
+
+        fn get_storage(
+            address: AccountId,
+            key: Vec<u8>,
+        ) -> pallet_contracts::GetStorageResult {
+            Contracts::get_storage(address, key)
+        }
+    }
+
     #[cfg(feature = "runtime-benchmarks")]
     impl frame_benchmarking::Benchmark<Block> for Runtime {
         fn benchmark_metadata(extra: bool) -> (

From d241271caacc9ff227c64a06b3b83f548cabe95a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 27 Aug 2025 20:29:48 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 013/218] Add contracts genesis config to localnet

---
 node/src/chain_spec/localnet.rs | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/node/src/chain_spec/localnet.rs b/node/src/chain_spec/localnet.rs
index 3f07431990..e2da0a7aa4 100644
--- a/node/src/chain_spec/localnet.rs
+++ b/node/src/chain_spec/localnet.rs
@@ -134,5 +134,6 @@ fn localnet_genesis(
         "evmChainId": {
             "chainId": 42,
         },
+        "contracts": {},
     })
 }

From 27c2510fec2a9d0e6a806e31c6fa54e9a0386fff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 28 Aug 2025 12:29:23 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 014/218] fix(chain-spec): remove empty contracts from localnet
 config

---
 node/src/chain_spec/localnet.rs | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/node/src/chain_spec/localnet.rs b/node/src/chain_spec/localnet.rs
index e2da0a7aa4..3f07431990 100644
--- a/node/src/chain_spec/localnet.rs
+++ b/node/src/chain_spec/localnet.rs
@@ -134,6 +134,5 @@ fn localnet_genesis(
         "evmChainId": {
             "chainId": 42,
         },
-        "contracts": {},
     })
 }

From ac2089ad56d7ddcc7e0c3c40ec343ccef70113d8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 2 Sep 2025 11:48:51 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 015/218] Configure contracts pallet with call filter and
 custom schedule

---
 runtime/src/lib.rs | 45 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------
 1 file changed, 30 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/runtime/src/lib.rs b/runtime/src/lib.rs
index 0690d990b2..5d6cbc01ce 100644
--- a/runtime/src/lib.rs
+++ b/runtime/src/lib.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use frame_support::{
     dispatch::{DispatchResult, DispatchResultWithPostInfo},
     genesis_builder_helper::{build_state, get_preset},
     pallet_prelude::Get,
-    traits::{Contains, InsideBoth, LinearStoragePrice, Nothing, fungible::HoldConsideration},
+    traits::{Contains, InsideBoth, LinearStoragePrice, fungible::HoldConsideration},
 };
 use frame_system::{EnsureNever, EnsureRoot, EnsureRootWithSuccess, EnsureSigned, RawOrigin};
 use pallet_commitments::{CanCommit, OnMetadataCommitment};
@@ -1591,32 +1591,47 @@ impl pallet_crowdloan::Config for Runtime {
 }
 
 // Contracts pallet configuration
+fn contract_schedule<T: pallet_contracts::Config>() -> pallet_contracts::Schedule<T> {
+    pallet_contracts::Schedule {
+        limits: pallet_contracts::Limits {
+            runtime_memory: 1024 * 1024 * 1024,
+            validator_runtime_memory: 1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 2,
+            ..Default::default()
+        },
+        ..Default::default()
+    }
+}
+
 parameter_types! {
     pub const ContractDepositPerItem: Balance = deposit(1, 0);
     pub const ContractDepositPerByte: Balance = deposit(0, 1);
     pub const ContractDefaultDepositLimit: Balance = deposit(1024, 1024 * 1024);
-    pub ContractSchedule: pallet_contracts::Schedule<Runtime> = {
-        let mut schedule = pallet_contracts::Schedule::<Runtime>::default();
-        schedule.limits.validator_runtime_memory = 1024 * 1024 * 1024; // 1 GB
-        schedule
-    };
-    pub const CodeHashLockupDepositPercent: Perbill = Perbill::from_percent(10);
+    pub ContractSchedule: pallet_contracts::Schedule<Runtime> = contract_schedule::<Runtime>();
+    pub const CodeHashLockupDepositPercent: Perbill = Perbill::from_percent(0);
     pub const ContractMaxDelegateDependencies: u32 = 32;
 }
 
+pub struct ContractCallFilter;
+
+/// Whitelist dispatchables that are allowed to be called from contracts
+impl Contains<RuntimeCall> for ContractCallFilter {
+    fn contains(call: &RuntimeCall) -> bool {
+        matches!(
+            call,
+            RuntimeCall::SubtensorModule(pallet_subtensor::Call::move_stake { .. })
+                | RuntimeCall::SubtensorModule(pallet_subtensor::Call::transfer_stake { .. })
+                | RuntimeCall::Proxy(pallet_proxy::Call::proxy { .. })
+        )
+    }
+}
+
 impl pallet_contracts::Config for Runtime {
     type Time = Timestamp;
     type Randomness = RandomnessCollectiveFlip;
     type Currency = Balances;
     type RuntimeEvent = RuntimeEvent;
     type RuntimeCall = RuntimeCall;
-    /// The safest default is to allow no calls at all.
-    ///
-    /// Runtimes should whitelist dispatchables that are allowed to be called from contracts
-    /// and make sure they are stable. Dispatchables exposed to contracts are not allowed to
-    /// change because that would break already deployed contracts. The `Call` structure itself
-    /// is not allowed to change the indices of existing pallets, too.
-    type CallFilter = Nothing;
+    type CallFilter = ContractCallFilter;
     type DepositPerItem = ContractDepositPerItem;
     type DepositPerByte = ContractDepositPerByte;
     type DefaultDepositLimit = ContractDefaultDepositLimit;
@@ -1626,7 +1641,7 @@ impl pallet_contracts::Config for Runtime {
     type ChainExtension = ();
     type Schedule = ContractSchedule;
     type AddressGenerator = pallet_contracts::DefaultAddressGenerator;
-    type MaxCodeLen = ConstU32<{ 123 * 1024 }>;
+    type MaxCodeLen = ConstU32<{ 128 * 1024 }>;
     type MaxStorageKeyLen = ConstU32<128>;
     type UnsafeUnstableInterface = ConstBool<false>;
     type MaxDebugBufferLen = ConstU32<{ 2 * 1024 * 1024 }>;

From 594c9300e374b0bdd8e7179b3f600fef8bf07e8e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 11 Sep 2025 17:18:23 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 016/218] feat(runtime): add Subtensor chain extension for
 contracts

---
 runtime/src/chain_extension.rs | 52 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 runtime/src/lib.rs             |  3 +-
 2 files changed, 54 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 runtime/src/chain_extension.rs

diff --git a/runtime/src/chain_extension.rs b/runtime/src/chain_extension.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..801bc83fab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/src/chain_extension.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+use codec::Encode;
+use pallet_contracts::chain_extension::{
+    ChainExtension, Environment, Ext, InitState, RetVal, SysConfig,
+};
+use sp_runtime::{AccountId32, DispatchError};
+use subtensor_runtime_common::NetUid;
+
+use crate::{Runtime, SubtensorModule};
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct SubtensorChainExtension;
+
+impl ChainExtension<Runtime> for SubtensorChainExtension {
+    fn call<E: Ext>(&mut self, env: Environment<E, InitState>) -> Result<RetVal, DispatchError>
+    where
+        E::T: SysConfig,
+    {
+        let func_id = env.func_id();
+
+        match func_id {
+            // Function ID 1001: get_stake_info_for_hotkey_coldkey_netuid
+            1001 => {
+                let mut env = env.buf_in_buf_out();
+
+                let input: (AccountId32, AccountId32, NetUid) = env
+                    .read_as()
+                    .map_err(|_| DispatchError::Other("Failed to decode input parameters"))?;
+
+                let (hotkey, coldkey, netuid) = input;
+
+                let stake_info = SubtensorModule::get_stake_info_for_hotkey_coldkey_netuid(
+                    hotkey, coldkey, netuid,
+                );
+
+                let encoded_result = stake_info.encode();
+
+                env.write(&encoded_result, false, None)
+                    .map_err(|_| DispatchError::Other("Failed to write output"))?;
+
+                Ok(RetVal::Converging(0))
+            }
+            _ => {
+                log::error!("Called an unregistered chain extension function: {func_id}",);
+                Err(DispatchError::Other("Unimplemented function ID"))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn enabled() -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+}
diff --git a/runtime/src/lib.rs b/runtime/src/lib.rs
index 5d6cbc01ce..20381f91c0 100644
--- a/runtime/src/lib.rs
+++ b/runtime/src/lib.rs
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/wasm_binary.rs"));
 
 use core::num::NonZeroU64;
 
+pub mod chain_extension;
 pub mod check_nonce;
 mod migrations;
 pub mod transaction_payment_wrapper;
@@ -1638,7 +1639,7 @@ impl pallet_contracts::Config for Runtime {
     type CallStack = [pallet_contracts::Frame<Self>; 5];
     type WeightPrice = pallet_transaction_payment::Pallet<Self>;
     type WeightInfo = pallet_contracts::weights::SubstrateWeight<Self>;
-    type ChainExtension = ();
+    type ChainExtension = chain_extension::SubtensorChainExtension;
     type Schedule = ContractSchedule;
     type AddressGenerator = pallet_contracts::DefaultAddressGenerator;
     type MaxCodeLen = ConstU32<{ 128 * 1024 }>;

From f13e1a00f78e2fba8317c34209db878b59d22566 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 15 Sep 2025 11:39:47 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 017/218] docs(runtime): clarify comment for smart contracts
 support

---
 runtime/Cargo.toml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/runtime/Cargo.toml b/runtime/Cargo.toml
index 2e217e423f..9a0f2cf150 100644
--- a/runtime/Cargo.toml
+++ b/runtime/Cargo.toml
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ pallet-commitments.workspace = true
 # for prod_or_fast! macro
 runtime-common.workspace = true
 
-# Smart contracts support
+# Wasm smart contracts support
 pallet-contracts.workspace = true
 
 # NPoS

From ceca15ebe925f0fe390508980828fe9875122ae4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 15 Sep 2025 11:40:11 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 018/218] refactor(runtime): rename ContractSchedule to
 ContractsSchedule

---
 runtime/src/lib.rs | 7 +++----
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/runtime/src/lib.rs b/runtime/src/lib.rs
index 20381f91c0..d5d916ca02 100644
--- a/runtime/src/lib.rs
+++ b/runtime/src/lib.rs
@@ -1591,8 +1591,7 @@ impl pallet_crowdloan::Config for Runtime {
     type MaxContributors = MaxContributors;
 }
 
-// Contracts pallet configuration
-fn contract_schedule<T: pallet_contracts::Config>() -> pallet_contracts::Schedule<T> {
+fn contracts_schedule<T: pallet_contracts::Config>() -> pallet_contracts::Schedule<T> {
     pallet_contracts::Schedule {
         limits: pallet_contracts::Limits {
             runtime_memory: 1024 * 1024 * 1024,
@@ -1607,7 +1606,7 @@ parameter_types! {
     pub const ContractDepositPerItem: Balance = deposit(1, 0);
     pub const ContractDepositPerByte: Balance = deposit(0, 1);
     pub const ContractDefaultDepositLimit: Balance = deposit(1024, 1024 * 1024);
-    pub ContractSchedule: pallet_contracts::Schedule<Runtime> = contract_schedule::<Runtime>();
+    pub ContractsSchedule: pallet_contracts::Schedule<Runtime> = contracts_schedule::<Runtime>();
     pub const CodeHashLockupDepositPercent: Perbill = Perbill::from_percent(0);
     pub const ContractMaxDelegateDependencies: u32 = 32;
 }
@@ -1640,7 +1639,7 @@ impl pallet_contracts::Config for Runtime {
     type WeightPrice = pallet_transaction_payment::Pallet<Self>;
     type WeightInfo = pallet_contracts::weights::SubstrateWeight<Self>;
     type ChainExtension = chain_extension::SubtensorChainExtension;
-    type Schedule = ContractSchedule;
+    type Schedule = ContractsSchedule;
     type AddressGenerator = pallet_contracts::DefaultAddressGenerator;
     type MaxCodeLen = ConstU32<{ 128 * 1024 }>;
     type MaxStorageKeyLen = ConstU32<128>;

From 587ee48cfe14deb11beee45ef529652a0560696a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 15 Sep 2025 12:36:17 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 019/218] docs: add smart contracts documentation

---
 README.md         |  5 ++--
 docs/contracts.md | 66 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 69 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 docs/contracts.md

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 5c3faaf033..957d157ffb 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -16,8 +16,9 @@
 This repository contains Bittensor's substrate-chain. Subtensor contains the trusted logic which:
 
 1. Runs Bittensor's [consensus mechanism](./docs/consensus.md);
-2. Advertises neuron information, IPs, etc., and
-3. Facilitates value transfer via TAO.
+2. Advertises neuron information, IPs, etc.;
+3. Facilitates value transfer via TAO; and
+4. Supports wasm smart contract functionality via `pallet-contracts` (see [contracts documentation](./docs/contracts.md)).
 
 ## System Requirements
 
diff --git a/docs/contracts.md b/docs/contracts.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..af3eacdf67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/contracts.md
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+# Smart Contracts on Subtensor
+
+## Overview
+
+Subtensor now supports smart contract functionality through the integration of `pallet-contracts`, enabling developers to deploy and execute WebAssembly (WASM) smart contracts on the network. Contracts are written in [ink!](https://use.ink/), a Rust-based embedded domain-specific language (eDSL) for writing smart contracts on Substrate-based chains.
+
+## Getting Started
+
+For general smart contract development on Subtensor, please refer to the official ink! documentation:
+- [ink! Documentation](https://use.ink/docs/v5/)
+- [ink! Getting Started Guide](https://use.ink/docs/v5/getting-started/setup)
+- [ink! Examples](https://github.com/use-ink/ink-examples/tree/v5.x.x)
+
+## Subtensor-Specific Features
+
+### Chain Extension
+
+Subtensor provides a custom chain extension that allows smart contracts to interact with Subtensor-specific functionality:
+
+#### Available Functions
+
+| Function ID | Name | Description | Parameters | Returns |
+|------------|------|-------------|------------|---------|
+| 1001 | `get_stake_info_for_hotkey_coldkey_netuid` | Query stake information | `(AccountId32, AccountId32, NetUid)` | Stake information |
+
+Example usage in your ink! contract:
+```rust
+#[ink::chain_extension(extension = 0)]
+pub trait SubtensorExtension {
+    type ErrorCode = SubtensorError;
+
+    #[ink(function = 1001)]
+    fn get_stake_info(
+        hotkey: AccountId,
+        coldkey: AccountId,
+        netuid: u16,
+    ) -> Result<Option<StakeInfo>, SubtensorError>;
+}
+```
+
+### Call Filter
+
+For security, contracts can only dispatch a limited set of runtime calls:
+
+**Whitelisted Calls:**
+- `SubtensorModule::move_stake` - Move stake between hotkeys
+- `SubtensorModule::transfer_stake` - Transfer stake between accounts
+- `Proxy::proxy` - Execute proxy calls
+
+All other runtime calls are restricted and cannot be dispatched from contracts.
+
+### Configuration Parameters
+
+| Parameter | Value | Description |
+|-----------|-------|-------------|
+| Maximum code size | 128 KB | Maximum size of contract WASM code |
+| Call stack depth | 5 frames | Maximum nested contract call depth |
+| Runtime memory | 1 GB | Memory available during contract execution |
+| Validator runtime memory | 2 GB | Memory available for validators |
+| Transient storage | 1 MB | Maximum transient storage size |
+
+
+## Additional Resources
+
+- [cargo-contract CLI Tool](https://github.com/paritytech/cargo-contract)
+- [Contracts UI](https://contracts-ui.substrate.io/)

From 1b6aec5fb945a3041413df6f7e2ca25366050471 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 15 Sep 2025 12:42:42 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 020/218] fix docs

---
 README.md | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 957d157ffb..2c74b9e8f1 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 This repository contains Bittensor's substrate-chain. Subtensor contains the trusted logic which:
 
 1. Runs Bittensor's [consensus mechanism](./docs/consensus.md);
-2. Advertises neuron information, IPs, etc.;
-3. Facilitates value transfer via TAO; and
+2. Advertises neuron information, IPs, etc., and
+3. Facilitates value transfer via TAO.
 4. Supports wasm smart contract functionality via `pallet-contracts` (see [contracts documentation](./docs/contracts.md)).
 
 ## System Requirements

From e7605df7e98f26a16668cd8636ece4d9371608f0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 16 Sep 2025 12:39:51 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 021/218] Update tests

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs | 37 +++++++++++--------------
 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs
index ac9bc50522..7184dabf3c 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs
@@ -689,14 +689,13 @@ fn test_drain_base_with_subnet_with_single_staker_registered_root_weight() {
             netuid,
             stake_before,
         );
-        let pending_tao = TaoCurrency::from(1_000_000_000);
         let pending_alpha = AlphaCurrency::from(1_000_000_000);
+        let pending_root_alpha = AlphaCurrency::from(1_000_000_000);
         assert_eq!(SubnetTAO::<Test>::get(NetUid::ROOT), TaoCurrency::ZERO);
         SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
             netuid,
             pending_alpha,
-         //   pending_tao,
-            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
+            pending_root_alpha,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
@@ -713,11 +712,10 @@ fn test_drain_base_with_subnet_with_single_staker_registered_root_weight() {
             10,
         ); // Registered gets all alpha emission.
         close(
-            stake_before.to_u64() + pending_tao.to_u64(),
+            stake_before.to_u64(),
             root_after.into(),
             10,
-        ); // Registered gets all tao emission
-        assert_eq!(SubnetTAO::<Test>::get(NetUid::ROOT), pending_tao);
+        ); // Registered doesn't get tao immediately
     });
 }
 
@@ -854,7 +852,6 @@ fn test_drain_base_with_subnet_with_two_stakers_registered_and_root() {
             root_after2.into(),
             10,
         ); // Registered gets 1/2 tao emission
-        assert_eq!(SubnetTAO::<Test>::get(NetUid::ROOT), pending_tao);
     });
 }
 
@@ -2005,7 +2002,7 @@ fn test_calculate_dividend_distribution_totals() {
         let mut dividends: BTreeMap<U256, U96F32> = BTreeMap::new();
 
         let pending_validator_alpha = AlphaCurrency::from(183_123_567_452);
-        let pending_tao = TaoCurrency::from(837_120_949_872);
+        let pending_root_alpha = AlphaCurrency::from(837_120_949_872);
         let tao_weight: U96F32 = U96F32::saturating_from_num(0.18); // 18%
 
         let hotkeys = [U256::from(0), U256::from(1)];
@@ -2016,10 +2013,9 @@ fn test_calculate_dividend_distribution_totals() {
         dividends.insert(hotkeys[0], 77_783_738_u64.into());
         dividends.insert(hotkeys[1], 19_283_940_u64.into());
 
-        let (alpha_dividends, tao_dividends) = SubtensorModule::calculate_dividend_distribution(
+        let (alpha_dividends, root_alpha_dividends) = SubtensorModule::calculate_dividend_distribution(
             pending_validator_alpha,
-            //   pending_tao,
-            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
+            pending_root_alpha,
             tao_weight,
             stake_map,
             dividends,
@@ -2027,7 +2023,7 @@ fn test_calculate_dividend_distribution_totals() {
 
         // Verify the total of each dividends type is close to the inputs.
         let total_alpha_dividends = alpha_dividends.values().sum::<U96F32>();
-        let total_tao_dividends = tao_dividends.values().sum::<U96F32>();
+        let total_root_alpha_dividends = root_alpha_dividends.values().sum::<U96F32>();
 
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(
             total_alpha_dividends.saturating_to_num::<u64>(),
@@ -2035,8 +2031,8 @@ fn test_calculate_dividend_distribution_totals() {
             epsilon = 1_000
         );
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-            total_tao_dividends.saturating_to_num::<u64>(),
-            pending_tao.to_u64(),
+            total_root_alpha_dividends.saturating_to_num::<u64>(),
+            pending_root_alpha.to_u64(),
             epsilon = 1_000
         );
     });
@@ -2049,7 +2045,7 @@ fn test_calculate_dividend_distribution_total_only_tao() {
         let mut dividends: BTreeMap<U256, U96F32> = BTreeMap::new();
 
         let pending_validator_alpha = AlphaCurrency::ZERO;
-        let pending_tao = TaoCurrency::from(837_120_949_872);
+        let pending_root_alpha = AlphaCurrency::from(837_120_949_872);
         let tao_weight: U96F32 = U96F32::saturating_from_num(0.18); // 18%
 
         let hotkeys = [U256::from(0), U256::from(1)];
@@ -2060,10 +2056,9 @@ fn test_calculate_dividend_distribution_total_only_tao() {
         dividends.insert(hotkeys[0], 77_783_738_u64.into());
         dividends.insert(hotkeys[1], 19_283_940_u64.into());
 
-        let (alpha_dividends, tao_dividends) = SubtensorModule::calculate_dividend_distribution(
+        let (alpha_dividends, root_alpha_dividends) = SubtensorModule::calculate_dividend_distribution(
             pending_validator_alpha,
-            //   pending_tao,
-            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
+            pending_root_alpha,
             tao_weight,
             stake_map,
             dividends,
@@ -2071,7 +2066,7 @@ fn test_calculate_dividend_distribution_total_only_tao() {
 
         // Verify the total of each dividends type is close to the inputs.
         let total_alpha_dividends = alpha_dividends.values().sum::<U96F32>();
-        let total_tao_dividends = tao_dividends.values().sum::<U96F32>();
+        let total_root_alpha_dividends = root_alpha_dividends.values().sum::<U96F32>();
 
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(
             total_alpha_dividends.saturating_to_num::<u64>(),
@@ -2079,8 +2074,8 @@ fn test_calculate_dividend_distribution_total_only_tao() {
             epsilon = 1_000
         );
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-            total_tao_dividends.saturating_to_num::<u64>(),
-            pending_tao.to_u64(),
+            total_root_alpha_dividends.saturating_to_num::<u64>(),
+            pending_root_alpha.to_u64(),
             epsilon = 1_000
         );
     });

From c48a9c45760a1502b20d60673e5a97ff558bc5cb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 16 Sep 2025 12:40:05 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 022/218] Update coinbase.rs

---
 .../subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs    | 29 +++++++------------
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs
index 456069985a..699133270a 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs
@@ -388,14 +388,14 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             // Root proportion.
             let root_share: U96F32 = root_divs.checked_div(total_root_divs).unwrap_or(zero);
             log::debug!("hotkey: {hotkey:?}, root_share: {root_share:?}");
-            // Root proportion in TAO
-            let root_tao: U96F32 = asfloat!(pending_root_alpha).saturating_mul(root_share);
-            log::debug!("hotkey: {hotkey:?}, root_tao: {root_tao:?}");
+            // Root proportion in alpha
+            let root_alpha: U96F32 = asfloat!(pending_root_alpha).saturating_mul(root_share);
+            log::debug!("hotkey: {hotkey:?}, root_alpha: {root_alpha:?}");
             // Record root dividends as TAO.
             root_alpha_dividends
                 .entry(hotkey)
-                .and_modify(|e| *e = root_tao)
-                .or_insert(root_tao);
+                .and_modify(|e| *e = root_alpha)
+                .or_insert(root_alpha);
         }
         log::debug!("root_alpha_dividends: {root_alpha_dividends:?}");
 
@@ -558,11 +558,11 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             );
 
             // Give rest to nominators.
-            Self::increase_stake_for_hotkey_on_subnet(
-                &hotkey,
-                netuid,
-                tou64!(root_alpha).into(),
-            );
+            // Self::increase_stake_for_hotkey_on_subnet(
+            //     &hotkey,
+            //     netuid,
+            //     tou64!(root_alpha).into(),
+            // );
 
             Self::increase_root_claimable_for_hotkey_and_subnet(
                 &hotkey,
@@ -574,15 +574,6 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             AlphaDividendsPerSubnet::<T>::mutate(netuid, hotkey.clone(), |divs| {
                 *divs = divs.saturating_add(tou64!(root_alpha).into());
             });
-
-            // TODO: SubnetTAO -> SubnetAlphaIn ?? SubnetAlphaOut
-
-            // // Update the total TAO on the subnet with root tao dividends.
-            // SubnetTAO::<T>::mutate(NetUid::ROOT, |total| {
-            //     *total = total
-            //         .saturating_add(validator_stake.to_u64().into())
-            //         .saturating_add(tou64!(root_tao).into());
-            // });
         }
     }
 

From 9fa484a1f42c601e8bf4cd3616d8882181cff179 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 16 Sep 2025 13:04:40 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 023/218] Cargo fmt

---
 .../subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs    |  3 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs       | 36 +++++++++----------
 2 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs
index 699133270a..12d793ee3e 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs
@@ -545,7 +545,8 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         // Distribute root alpha divs.
         for (hotkey, mut root_alpha) in root_alpha_dividends {
             // Get take prop
-            let alpha_take: U96F32 = Self::get_hotkey_take_float(&hotkey).saturating_mul(root_alpha);
+            let alpha_take: U96F32 =
+                Self::get_hotkey_take_float(&hotkey).saturating_mul(root_alpha);
             // Remove take prop from root_tao
             root_alpha = root_alpha.saturating_sub(alpha_take);
             // Give the validator their take.
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs
index 7184dabf3c..b44de66f02 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs
@@ -711,11 +711,7 @@ fn test_drain_base_with_subnet_with_single_staker_registered_root_weight() {
             stake_after.into(),
             10,
         ); // Registered gets all alpha emission.
-        close(
-            stake_before.to_u64(),
-            root_after.into(),
-            10,
-        ); // Registered doesn't get tao immediately
+        close(stake_before.to_u64(), root_after.into(), 10); // Registered doesn't get tao immediately
     });
 }
 
@@ -2013,13 +2009,14 @@ fn test_calculate_dividend_distribution_totals() {
         dividends.insert(hotkeys[0], 77_783_738_u64.into());
         dividends.insert(hotkeys[1], 19_283_940_u64.into());
 
-        let (alpha_dividends, root_alpha_dividends) = SubtensorModule::calculate_dividend_distribution(
-            pending_validator_alpha,
-            pending_root_alpha,
-            tao_weight,
-            stake_map,
-            dividends,
-        );
+        let (alpha_dividends, root_alpha_dividends) =
+            SubtensorModule::calculate_dividend_distribution(
+                pending_validator_alpha,
+                pending_root_alpha,
+                tao_weight,
+                stake_map,
+                dividends,
+            );
 
         // Verify the total of each dividends type is close to the inputs.
         let total_alpha_dividends = alpha_dividends.values().sum::<U96F32>();
@@ -2056,13 +2053,14 @@ fn test_calculate_dividend_distribution_total_only_tao() {
         dividends.insert(hotkeys[0], 77_783_738_u64.into());
         dividends.insert(hotkeys[1], 19_283_940_u64.into());
 
-        let (alpha_dividends, root_alpha_dividends) = SubtensorModule::calculate_dividend_distribution(
-            pending_validator_alpha,
-            pending_root_alpha,
-            tao_weight,
-            stake_map,
-            dividends,
-        );
+        let (alpha_dividends, root_alpha_dividends) =
+            SubtensorModule::calculate_dividend_distribution(
+                pending_validator_alpha,
+                pending_root_alpha,
+                tao_weight,
+                stake_map,
+                dividends,
+            );
 
         // Verify the total of each dividends type is close to the inputs.
         let total_alpha_dividends = alpha_dividends.values().sum::<U96F32>();

From 7f5dba49c0a4e35178a434ca1ab48b062e041ff8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 16 Sep 2025 13:04:46 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 024/218] Remove TaoDividendsPerSubnet

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs                        | 13 -------------
 pallets/subtensor/src/rpc_info/metagraph.rs         |  6 ++++--
 pallets/subtensor/src/rpc_info/stake_info.rs        |  6 ++++--
 pallets/subtensor/src/swap/swap_hotkey.rs           | 10 +---------
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs             |  8 --------
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_hotkey.rs          |  9 ---------
 .../subtensor/src/tests/swap_hotkey_with_subnet.rs  |  9 ---------
 7 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 52 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
index d1d93cdaed..3d6c83a72e 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
@@ -1059,19 +1059,6 @@ pub mod pallet {
         DefaultZeroAlpha<T>,
     >;
 
-    #[deprecated]
-    #[pallet::storage] // --- DMAP ( netuid, hotkey ) --> u64 | Last total root dividend paid to this hotkey on this subnet.
-    pub type TaoDividendsPerSubnet<T: Config> = StorageDoubleMap<
-        _,
-        Identity,
-        NetUid,
-        Blake2_128Concat,
-        T::AccountId,
-        TaoCurrency,
-        ValueQuery,
-        DefaultZeroTao<T>,
-    >;
-
     /// ==================
     /// ==== Coinbase ====
     /// ==================
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/rpc_info/metagraph.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/rpc_info/metagraph.rs
index 7f9dc46bee..b14a37014a 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/rpc_info/metagraph.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/rpc_info/metagraph.rs
@@ -635,7 +635,8 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         let mut tao_dividends_per_hotkey: Vec<(T::AccountId, Compact<TaoCurrency>)> = vec![];
         let mut alpha_dividends_per_hotkey: Vec<(T::AccountId, Compact<AlphaCurrency>)> = vec![];
         for hotkey in hotkeys.clone() {
-            let tao_divs = TaoDividendsPerSubnet::<T>::get(netuid, hotkey.clone());
+            // Tao dividends were removed
+            let tao_divs = TaoCurrency::ZERO;
             let alpha_divs = AlphaDividendsPerSubnet::<T>::get(netuid, hotkey.clone());
             tao_dividends_per_hotkey.push((hotkey.clone(), tao_divs.into()));
             alpha_dividends_per_hotkey.push((hotkey.clone(), alpha_divs.into()));
@@ -1336,7 +1337,8 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                 let mut tao_dividends_per_hotkey: Vec<(T::AccountId, Compact<TaoCurrency>)> =
                     vec![];
                 for hotkey in hotkeys.clone() {
-                    let tao_divs = TaoDividendsPerSubnet::<T>::get(netuid, hotkey.clone());
+                    // Tao dividends were removed
+                    let tao_divs = TaoCurrency::ZERO;
                     tao_dividends_per_hotkey.push((hotkey.clone(), tao_divs.into()));
                 }
                 SelectiveMetagraph {
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/rpc_info/stake_info.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/rpc_info/stake_info.rs
index 84e9e6d6b7..cbe51cbb85 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/rpc_info/stake_info.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/rpc_info/stake_info.rs
@@ -43,7 +43,8 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                         continue;
                     }
                     let emission = AlphaDividendsPerSubnet::<T>::get(*netuid_i, &hotkey_i);
-                    let tao_emission = TaoDividendsPerSubnet::<T>::get(*netuid_i, &hotkey_i);
+                    // Tao dividends were removed
+                    let tao_emission = TaoCurrency::ZERO;
                     let is_registered: bool =
                         Self::is_hotkey_registered_on_network(*netuid_i, hotkey_i);
                     stake_info_for_coldkey.push(StakeInfo {
@@ -101,7 +102,8 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             netuid,
         );
         let emission = AlphaDividendsPerSubnet::<T>::get(netuid, &hotkey_account);
-        let tao_emission = TaoDividendsPerSubnet::<T>::get(netuid, &hotkey_account);
+        // Tao dividends were removed
+        let tao_emission = TaoCurrency::ZERO;
         let is_registered: bool = Self::is_hotkey_registered_on_network(netuid, &hotkey_account);
 
         Some(StakeInfo {
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/swap/swap_hotkey.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/swap/swap_hotkey.rs
index 0454b1dd16..78d73e3cba 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/swap/swap_hotkey.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/swap/swap_hotkey.rs
@@ -552,15 +552,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(2, 2));
 
         // 8.3 Swap TaoDividendsPerSubnet
-        let old_hotkey_tao_dividends = TaoDividendsPerSubnet::<T>::get(netuid, old_hotkey);
-        let new_hotkey_tao_dividends = TaoDividendsPerSubnet::<T>::get(netuid, new_hotkey);
-        TaoDividendsPerSubnet::<T>::remove(netuid, old_hotkey);
-        TaoDividendsPerSubnet::<T>::insert(
-            netuid,
-            new_hotkey,
-            old_hotkey_tao_dividends.saturating_add(new_hotkey_tao_dividends),
-        );
-        weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(2, 2));
+        // Tao dividends were removed
 
         // 9. Swap Alpha
         // Alpha( hotkey, coldkey, netuid ) -> alpha
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs
index b44de66f02..2ae513f2c7 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs
@@ -1370,20 +1370,12 @@ fn test_get_root_children_drain() {
             AlphaDividendsPerSubnet::<Test>::get(alpha, alice),
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO
         );
-        assert_eq!(
-            TaoDividendsPerSubnet::<Test>::get(alpha, alice),
-            TaoCurrency::ZERO
-        );
         // Bob makes it all.
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(
             AlphaDividendsPerSubnet::<Test>::get(alpha, bob),
             pending_alpha,
             epsilon = 1.into()
         );
-        assert_eq!(
-            TaoDividendsPerSubnet::<Test>::get(alpha, bob),
-            pending_root2
-        );
         // The pending root dividends should be present in root subnet.
         assert_eq!(
             SubnetTAO::<Test>::get(NetUid::ROOT),
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_hotkey.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_hotkey.rs
index dae5a3f176..dff3607893 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_hotkey.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_hotkey.rs
@@ -897,7 +897,6 @@ fn test_swap_stake_success() {
         TotalHotkeyShares::<Test>::insert(old_hotkey, netuid, shares);
         Alpha::<Test>::insert((old_hotkey, coldkey, netuid), U64F64::from_num(amount));
         AlphaDividendsPerSubnet::<Test>::insert(netuid, old_hotkey, AlphaCurrency::from(amount));
-        TaoDividendsPerSubnet::<Test>::insert(netuid, old_hotkey, TaoCurrency::from(amount));
 
         // Perform the swap
         SubtensorModule::perform_hotkey_swap_on_all_subnets(
@@ -948,14 +947,6 @@ fn test_swap_stake_success() {
             AlphaDividendsPerSubnet::<Test>::get(netuid, new_hotkey),
             amount.into()
         );
-        assert_eq!(
-            TaoDividendsPerSubnet::<Test>::get(netuid, old_hotkey),
-            TaoCurrency::ZERO
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            TaoDividendsPerSubnet::<Test>::get(netuid, new_hotkey),
-            amount.into()
-        );
     });
 }
 
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_hotkey_with_subnet.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_hotkey_with_subnet.rs
index 349c28903a..9362a5794e 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_hotkey_with_subnet.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_hotkey_with_subnet.rs
@@ -950,7 +950,6 @@ fn test_swap_stake_success() {
         TotalHotkeyShares::<Test>::insert(old_hotkey, netuid, U64F64::from_num(shares));
         Alpha::<Test>::insert((old_hotkey, coldkey, netuid), U64F64::from_num(amount));
         AlphaDividendsPerSubnet::<Test>::insert(netuid, old_hotkey, AlphaCurrency::from(amount));
-        TaoDividendsPerSubnet::<Test>::insert(netuid, old_hotkey, TaoCurrency::from(amount));
 
         // Perform the swap
         System::set_block_number(System::block_number() + HotkeySwapOnSubnetInterval::get());
@@ -1002,14 +1001,6 @@ fn test_swap_stake_success() {
             AlphaDividendsPerSubnet::<Test>::get(netuid, new_hotkey),
             AlphaCurrency::from(amount)
         );
-        assert_eq!(
-            TaoDividendsPerSubnet::<Test>::get(netuid, old_hotkey),
-            TaoCurrency::ZERO
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            TaoDividendsPerSubnet::<Test>::get(netuid, new_hotkey),
-            amount.into()
-        );
     });
 }
 

From 28e2f743cf640fb2db727a33470d30d3a2f8cda9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 16 Sep 2025 13:15:44 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 025/218] Remove PendingAlphaSwapped

---
 .../subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs    | 26 ++++------------
 pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs                  |  4 ---
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs       | 30 ++-----------------
 3 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 53 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs
index 12d793ee3e..83903f921a 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs
@@ -220,11 +220,6 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                 PendingRootAlphaDivs::<T>::mutate(*netuid_i, |total| {
                     *total = total.saturating_add(tou64!(root_alpha).into());
                 });
-
-                // Accumulate alpha emission in pending.
-                PendingAlphaSwapped::<T>::mutate(*netuid_i, |total| {
-                    *total = total.saturating_add(tou64!(root_alpha).into());
-                });
             }
 
             // Accumulate alpha emission in pending.
@@ -261,22 +256,12 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                 let pending_root_alpha = PendingRootAlphaDivs::<T>::get(netuid);
                 PendingRootAlphaDivs::<T>::insert(netuid, AlphaCurrency::ZERO);
 
-                // Get this amount as alpha that was swapped for pending root divs.
-                let pending_swapped = PendingAlphaSwapped::<T>::get(netuid);
-                PendingAlphaSwapped::<T>::insert(netuid, AlphaCurrency::ZERO);
-
                 // Get owner cut and drain.
                 let owner_cut = PendingOwnerCut::<T>::get(netuid);
                 PendingOwnerCut::<T>::insert(netuid, AlphaCurrency::ZERO);
 
                 // Drain pending root divs, alpha emission, and owner cut.
-                Self::drain_pending_emission(
-                    netuid,
-                    pending_alpha,
-                    pending_root_alpha,
-                    pending_swapped,
-                    owner_cut,
-                );
+                Self::drain_pending_emission(netuid, pending_alpha, pending_root_alpha, owner_cut);
             } else {
                 // Increment
                 BlocksSinceLastStep::<T>::mutate(netuid, |total| *total = total.saturating_add(1));
@@ -626,18 +611,17 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         netuid: NetUid,
         pending_alpha: AlphaCurrency,
         pending_root_alpha: AlphaCurrency,
-        pending_swapped: AlphaCurrency,
         owner_cut: AlphaCurrency,
     ) {
         log::debug!(
-            "Draining pending alpha emission for netuid {netuid:?}, pending_alpha: {pending_alpha:?}, pending_root_alpha: {pending_root_alpha:?}, pending_swapped: {pending_swapped:?}, owner_cut: {owner_cut:?}"
+            "Draining pending alpha emission for netuid {netuid:?}, pending_alpha: {pending_alpha:?}, pending_root_alpha: {pending_root_alpha:?}, owner_cut: {owner_cut:?}"
         );
 
         let tao_weight = Self::get_tao_weight();
 
         // Run the epoch.
         let hotkey_emission: Vec<(T::AccountId, AlphaCurrency, AlphaCurrency)> =
-            Self::epoch(netuid, pending_alpha.saturating_add(pending_swapped));
+            Self::epoch(netuid, pending_alpha.saturating_add(pending_root_alpha));
         log::debug!("hotkey_emission: {hotkey_emission:?}");
 
         // Compute the pending validator alpha.
@@ -654,9 +638,9 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
 
         let pending_validator_alpha = if !incentive_sum.is_zero() {
             pending_alpha
-                .saturating_add(pending_swapped)
+                .saturating_add(pending_root_alpha)
                 .saturating_div(2.into())
-                .saturating_sub(pending_swapped)
+                .saturating_sub(pending_root_alpha)
         } else {
             // If the incentive is 0, then Validators get 100% of the alpha.
             pending_alpha
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
index 3d6c83a72e..de5dfc74f4 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
@@ -1327,10 +1327,6 @@ pub mod pallet {
     pub type PendingRootAlphaDivs<T> =
         StorageMap<_, Identity, NetUid, AlphaCurrency, ValueQuery, DefaultZeroAlpha<T>>;
     #[pallet::storage]
-    /// --- MAP ( netuid ) --> pending_alpha_swapped
-    pub type PendingAlphaSwapped<T> =
-        StorageMap<_, Identity, NetUid, AlphaCurrency, ValueQuery, DefaultZeroAlpha<T>>;
-    #[pallet::storage]
     /// --- MAP ( netuid ) --> pending_owner_cut
     pub type PendingOwnerCut<T> =
         StorageMap<_, Identity, NetUid, AlphaCurrency, ValueQuery, DefaultZeroAlpha<T>>;
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs
index 2ae513f2c7..104a06dccd 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs
@@ -538,26 +538,20 @@ fn test_owner_cut_base() {
 
 // SKIP_WASM_BUILD=1 RUST_LOG=debug cargo test --package pallet-subtensor --lib -- tests::coinbase::test_pending_swapped --exact --show-output --nocapture
 #[test]
-fn test_pending_swapped() {
+fn test_pending_emission() {
     new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
         let netuid = NetUid::from(1);
         let emission: u64 = 1_000_000;
         add_network(netuid, 1, 0);
         mock::setup_reserves(netuid, 1_000_000.into(), 1.into());
         SubtensorModule::run_coinbase(U96F32::from_num(0));
-        assert_eq!(PendingAlphaSwapped::<Test>::get(netuid), 0.into()); // Zero tao weight and no root.
         SubnetTAO::<Test>::insert(NetUid::ROOT, TaoCurrency::from(1_000_000_000)); // Add root weight.
         SubtensorModule::run_coinbase(U96F32::from_num(0));
-        assert_eq!(PendingAlphaSwapped::<Test>::get(netuid), 0.into()); // Zero tao weight with 1 root.
         SubtensorModule::set_tempo(netuid, 10000); // Large number (dont drain)
         SubtensorModule::set_tao_weight(u64::MAX); // Set TAO weight to 1.0
         SubtensorModule::run_coinbase(U96F32::from_num(0));
         // 1 TAO / ( 1 + 3 ) = 0.25 * 1 / 2 = 125000000
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-            u64::from(PendingAlphaSwapped::<Test>::get(netuid)),
-            125000000,
-            epsilon = 1
-        );
+
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(
             u64::from(PendingEmission::<Test>::get(netuid)),
             1_000_000_000 - 125000000,
@@ -580,7 +574,6 @@ fn test_drain_base() {
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
-            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         )
     });
 }
@@ -596,7 +589,6 @@ fn test_drain_base_with_subnet() {
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
-            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         )
     });
 }
@@ -622,7 +614,6 @@ fn test_drain_base_with_subnet_with_single_staker_not_registered() {
             pending_alpha.into(),
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
-            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
         let stake_after =
             SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid);
@@ -652,7 +643,6 @@ fn test_drain_base_with_subnet_with_single_staker_registered() {
             pending_alpha,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
-            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
         let stake_after =
             SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid);
@@ -697,7 +687,6 @@ fn test_drain_base_with_subnet_with_single_staker_registered_root_weight() {
             pending_alpha,
             pending_root_alpha,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
-            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
         let stake_after =
             SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid);
@@ -745,7 +734,6 @@ fn test_drain_base_with_subnet_with_two_stakers_registered() {
             pending_alpha,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
-            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
         let stake_after1 =
             SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(&hotkey1, &coldkey, netuid);
@@ -812,7 +800,6 @@ fn test_drain_base_with_subnet_with_two_stakers_registered_and_root() {
             //   pending_tao,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
-            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
         let stake_after1 =
             SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(&hotkey1, &coldkey, netuid);
@@ -899,7 +886,6 @@ fn test_drain_base_with_subnet_with_two_stakers_registered_and_root_different_am
             //   pending_tao,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             0.into(),
-            0.into(),
         );
         let stake_after1 =
             SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(&hotkey1, &coldkey, netuid);
@@ -1000,7 +986,6 @@ fn test_drain_base_with_subnet_with_two_stakers_registered_and_root_different_am
             //   pending_tao,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
-            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
         let stake_after1 =
             SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(&hotkey1, &coldkey, netuid);
@@ -1083,7 +1068,6 @@ fn test_drain_alpha_childkey_parentkey() {
             pending_alpha,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
-            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
         let parent_stake_after = SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_on_subnet(&parent, netuid);
         let child_stake_after = SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_on_subnet(&child, netuid);
@@ -1309,7 +1293,6 @@ fn test_get_root_children_drain() {
             pending_alpha,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
-            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
 
         // Alice and Bob both made half of the dividends.
@@ -1334,7 +1317,6 @@ fn test_get_root_children_drain() {
             //   pending_root1,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
-            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
 
         // Alice and Bob both made half of the dividends.
@@ -1359,8 +1341,6 @@ fn test_get_root_children_drain() {
         SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
             alpha,
             pending_alpha,
-            //   pending_root2,
-            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
@@ -1456,7 +1436,6 @@ fn test_get_root_children_drain_half_proportion() {
             pending_alpha,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
-            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
 
         // Alice and Bob make the same amount.
@@ -1543,7 +1522,6 @@ fn test_get_root_children_drain_with_take() {
             pending_alpha,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
-            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
 
         // Bob makes it all.
@@ -1631,7 +1609,6 @@ fn test_get_root_children_drain_with_half_take() {
             pending_alpha,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
-            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
 
         // Alice and Bob make the same amount.
@@ -2427,7 +2404,6 @@ fn test_drain_pending_emission_no_miners_all_drained() {
             emission,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
-            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
 
         // Get the new stake of the hotkey.
@@ -2499,7 +2475,6 @@ fn test_drain_pending_emission_zero_emission() {
             0.into(),
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
-            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
 
         // Get the new stake of the hotkey.
@@ -2783,7 +2758,6 @@ fn test_drain_alpha_childkey_parentkey_with_burn() {
             pending_alpha,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
-            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
         let parent_stake_after = SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_on_subnet(&parent, netuid);
         let child_stake_after = SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_on_subnet(&child, netuid);

From eb3223705b1823f1db9f5e6f9572d0d757e3348d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 16 Sep 2025 14:47:53 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 026/218] Rename RootDebt -> RootClaimed

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs                 |  8 ++-
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs  | 64 +++++++++-----------
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/stake_utils.rs |  8 +--
 3 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 44 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
index de5dfc74f4..948abc0d0b 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
@@ -1826,15 +1826,17 @@ pub mod pallet {
         ValueQuery,
         DefaultZeroU64<T>,
     >;
-    #[pallet::storage] // --- NMAP ( hot, cold, netuid ) --> claimable_debt | Returns a keys debt for claimable divs.
-    pub type RootDebt<T: Config> = StorageNMap<
+
+    // Already claimed root alpha.
+    #[pallet::storage]
+    pub type RootClaimed<T: Config> = StorageNMap<
         _,
         (
             NMapKey<Blake2_128Concat, T::AccountId>, // hot
             NMapKey<Blake2_128Concat, T::AccountId>, // cold
             NMapKey<Identity, NetUid>,               // subnet
         ),
-        I96F32, // Shares
+        u128,
         ValueQuery,
     >;
     #[pallet::storage] // -- MAP ( cold ) --> root_claim_type enum
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
index 853165b5b9..aa37557342 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
@@ -90,12 +90,12 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     ) -> I110F18 {
         let claimable = Self::get_root_claimable_for_hotkey_coldkey(hotkey, coldkey, netuid);
 
-        // Attain the claimable debt to avoid overclaiming.
-        let debt: I110F18 =
-            I110F18::saturating_from_num(RootDebt::<T>::get((hotkey, coldkey, netuid)));
+        // Attain the root claimed to avoid overclaiming.
+        let root_claimed: I110F18 =
+            I110F18::saturating_from_num(RootClaimed::<T>::get((hotkey, coldkey, netuid)));
 
-        // Substract the debt.
-        let owed: I110F18 = claimable.saturating_sub(debt);
+        // Substract the already claimed alpha.
+        let owed: I110F18 = claimable.saturating_sub(root_claimed);
 
         owed
     }
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         netuid: NetUid,
         root_claim_type: RootClaimTypeEnum,
     ) {
-        // Substract the debt.
+        // Substract the root claimed.
         let owed: I110F18 = Self::get_root_owed_for_hotkey_coldkey_float(hotkey, coldkey, netuid);
 
         if owed == 0 || owed < I110F18::saturating_from_num(DefaultMinRootClaimAmount::<T>::get()) {
@@ -172,9 +172,9 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             }
         };
 
-        // Increase root debt by owed amount.
-        RootDebt::<T>::mutate((hotkey, coldkey, netuid), |debt| {
-            *debt = debt.saturating_add(owed.saturating_to_num::<I96F32>());
+        // Increase root claimed by owed amount.
+        RootClaimed::<T>::mutate((hotkey, coldkey, netuid), |root_claimed| {
+            *root_claimed = root_claimed.saturating_add(owed_u64.into());
         });
     }
 
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         weight
     }
 
-    pub fn add_stake_adjust_debt_for_hotkey_and_coldkey(
+    pub fn add_stake_adjust_root_claimed_for_hotkey_and_coldkey(
         hotkey: &T::AccountId,
         coldkey: &T::AccountId,
         amount: u64,
@@ -207,26 +207,21 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         // Iterate over all the subnets this hotkey is staked on for root.
         for (netuid, claimable_rate) in RootClaimable::<T>::iter_prefix(hotkey) {
             // Get the total claimable_rate for this hotkey and this network
-            let claimable_rate_float = I110F18::saturating_from_num(claimable_rate);
+            let claimable_rate_u128: u128 = claimable_rate.into();
 
-            // Get current staker-debt.
-            let debt: I110F18 =
-                I110F18::saturating_from_num(RootDebt::<T>::get((hotkey, coldkey, netuid)));
+            // Get current staker root claimed value.
+            let root_claimed: u128 = RootClaimed::<T>::get((hotkey, coldkey, netuid));
 
-            // Increase debt based on the claimable rate.
-            let new_debt: I110F18 = debt.saturating_add(
-                claimable_rate_float.saturating_mul(I110F18::saturating_from_num(amount)),
-            );
+            // Increase root claimed based on the claimable rate.
+            let new_root_claimed =
+                root_claimed.saturating_add(claimable_rate_u128.saturating_mul(amount.into()));
 
-            // Set the new debt.
-            RootDebt::<T>::insert(
-                (hotkey, coldkey, netuid),
-                new_debt.saturating_to_num::<I96F32>(),
-            );
+            // Set the new root claimed value.
+            RootClaimed::<T>::insert((hotkey, coldkey, netuid), new_root_claimed);
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn remove_stake_adjust_debt_for_hotkey_and_coldkey(
+    pub fn remove_stake_adjust_root_claimed_for_hotkey_and_coldkey(
         hotkey: &T::AccountId,
         coldkey: &T::AccountId,
         amount: AlphaCurrency,
@@ -238,22 +233,17 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             }
 
             // Get the total claimable_rate for this hotkey and this network
-            let claimable_rate_float = I110F18::saturating_from_num(claimable_rate);
+            let claimable_rate_u128: u128 = claimable_rate.into();
 
-            // Get current staker-debt.
-            let debt: I110F18 =
-                I110F18::saturating_from_num(RootDebt::<T>::get((hotkey, coldkey, netuid)));
+            // Get current staker root claimed value.
+            let root_claimed: u128 = RootClaimed::<T>::get((hotkey, coldkey, netuid));
 
-            // Decrease debt based on the claimable rate.
-            let new_debt: I110F18 = debt.saturating_sub(
-                claimable_rate_float.saturating_mul(I110F18::saturating_from_num(amount)),
-            );
+            // Decrease root claimed based on the claimable rate.
+            let new_root_claimed = root_claimed
+                .saturating_sub(claimable_rate_u128.saturating_mul(u64::from(amount).into()));
 
-            // Set the new debt.
-            RootDebt::<T>::insert(
-                (hotkey, coldkey, netuid),
-                new_debt.saturating_to_num::<I96F32>(),
-            );
+            // Set the new root_claimed value.
+            RootClaimed::<T>::insert((hotkey, coldkey, netuid), new_root_claimed);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/stake_utils.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/stake_utils.rs
index 3bc18094c9..e38e46fea6 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/stake_utils.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/stake_utils.rs
@@ -736,8 +736,8 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
 
         // If this is a root-stake
         if netuid == NetUid::ROOT {
-            // Adjust root debt for this hotkey and coldkey.
-            Self::remove_stake_adjust_debt_for_hotkey_and_coldkey(hotkey, coldkey, alpha);
+            // Adjust root claimed value for this hotkey and coldkey.
+            Self::remove_stake_adjust_root_claimed_for_hotkey_and_coldkey(hotkey, coldkey, alpha);
         }
 
         // Step 3: Update StakingHotkeys if the hotkey's total alpha, across all subnets, is zero
@@ -827,9 +827,9 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
 
         // If this is a root-stake
         if netuid == NetUid::ROOT {
-            // Adjust root debt for this hotkey and coldkey.
+            // Adjust root claimed for this hotkey and coldkey.
             let alpha = swap_result.amount_paid_out.into();
-            Self::add_stake_adjust_debt_for_hotkey_and_coldkey(hotkey, coldkey, alpha);
+            Self::add_stake_adjust_root_claimed_for_hotkey_and_coldkey(hotkey, coldkey, alpha);
         }
 
         // Deposit and log the staking event.

From 2e613b09e9f71419c8082896cabe6804bab9b7bc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 17 Sep 2025 14:55:18 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 027/218] Fix RootClaimable map

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs                | 10 ++++--
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs | 36 ++++++++-------------
 2 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
index 948abc0d0b..ba48e25544 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
@@ -893,6 +893,12 @@ pub mod pallet {
     pub fn DefaultMovingPrice<T: Config>() -> I96F32 {
         I96F32::saturating_from_num(0.0)
     }
+
+    #[pallet::type_value]
+    /// Default subnet root claimable
+    pub fn DefaultRootClaimable<T: Config>() -> I96F32 {
+        I96F32::saturating_from_num(0.0)
+    }
     #[pallet::type_value]
     /// Default value for Share Pool variables
     pub fn DefaultSharePoolZero<T: Config>() -> U64F64 {
@@ -1822,9 +1828,9 @@ pub mod pallet {
         T::AccountId,
         Identity,
         NetUid,
-        u64,
+        I96F32,
         ValueQuery,
-        DefaultZeroU64<T>,
+        DefaultRootClaimable<T>,
     >;
 
     // Already claimed root alpha.
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
index aa37557342..23d378fe80 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use super::*;
 use frame_support::weights::Weight;
 use sp_core::Get;
-use substrate_fixed::types::{I96F32, I110F18};
+use substrate_fixed::types::I96F32;
 use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
 
 impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
@@ -50,16 +50,9 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             .checked_div(total)
             .unwrap_or(I96F32::saturating_from_num(0.0));
 
-        // Convert increment to u64, mapping negative values to 0
-        let increment_u64: u64 = if increment.is_negative() {
-            0
-        } else {
-            increment.saturating_to_num::<u64>()
-        };
-
         // Increment claimable for this subnet.
         RootClaimable::<T>::mutate(hotkey, netuid, |total| {
-            *total = total.saturating_add(increment_u64);
+            *total = total.saturating_add(increment);
         });
     }
 
@@ -67,18 +60,17 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         hotkey: &T::AccountId,
         coldkey: &T::AccountId,
         netuid: NetUid,
-    ) -> I110F18 {
+    ) -> I96F32 {
         // Get this keys stake balance on root.
-        let root_stake: I110F18 = I110F18::saturating_from_num(
+        let root_stake: I96F32 = I96F32::saturating_from_num(
             Self::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(hotkey, coldkey, NetUid::ROOT),
         );
 
         // Get the total claimable_rate for this hotkey and this network
-        let claimable_rate: I110F18 =
-            I110F18::saturating_from_num(RootClaimable::<T>::get(hotkey, netuid));
+        let claimable_rate: I96F32 = RootClaimable::<T>::get(hotkey, netuid);
 
         // Compute the proportion owed to this coldkey via balance.
-        let claimable: I110F18 = claimable_rate.saturating_mul(root_stake);
+        let claimable: I96F32 = claimable_rate.saturating_mul(root_stake);
 
         claimable
     }
@@ -87,15 +79,15 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         hotkey: &T::AccountId,
         coldkey: &T::AccountId,
         netuid: NetUid,
-    ) -> I110F18 {
+    ) -> I96F32 {
         let claimable = Self::get_root_claimable_for_hotkey_coldkey(hotkey, coldkey, netuid);
 
         // Attain the root claimed to avoid overclaiming.
-        let root_claimed: I110F18 =
-            I110F18::saturating_from_num(RootClaimed::<T>::get((hotkey, coldkey, netuid)));
+        let root_claimed: I96F32 =
+            I96F32::saturating_from_num(RootClaimed::<T>::get((hotkey, coldkey, netuid)));
 
         // Substract the already claimed alpha.
-        let owed: I110F18 = claimable.saturating_sub(root_claimed);
+        let owed: I96F32 = claimable.saturating_sub(root_claimed);
 
         owed
     }
@@ -124,9 +116,9 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         root_claim_type: RootClaimTypeEnum,
     ) {
         // Substract the root claimed.
-        let owed: I110F18 = Self::get_root_owed_for_hotkey_coldkey_float(hotkey, coldkey, netuid);
+        let owed: I96F32 = Self::get_root_owed_for_hotkey_coldkey_float(hotkey, coldkey, netuid);
 
-        if owed == 0 || owed < I110F18::saturating_from_num(DefaultMinRootClaimAmount::<T>::get()) {
+        if owed == 0 || owed < I96F32::saturating_from_num(DefaultMinRootClaimAmount::<T>::get()) {
             return; // no-op
         }
 
@@ -207,7 +199,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         // Iterate over all the subnets this hotkey is staked on for root.
         for (netuid, claimable_rate) in RootClaimable::<T>::iter_prefix(hotkey) {
             // Get the total claimable_rate for this hotkey and this network
-            let claimable_rate_u128: u128 = claimable_rate.into();
+            let claimable_rate_u128: u128 = claimable_rate.saturating_to_num();
 
             // Get current staker root claimed value.
             let root_claimed: u128 = RootClaimed::<T>::get((hotkey, coldkey, netuid));
@@ -233,7 +225,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             }
 
             // Get the total claimable_rate for this hotkey and this network
-            let claimable_rate_u128: u128 = claimable_rate.into();
+            let claimable_rate_u128: u128 = claimable_rate.saturating_to_num();
 
             // Get current staker root claimed value.
             let root_claimed: u128 = RootClaimed::<T>::get((hotkey, coldkey, netuid));

From b125673f205befe3bf08c2f49debbd7cdd94d13f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 17 Sep 2025 14:55:25 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 028/218] Add root claim tests.

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs | 72 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mod.rs        |  1 +
 2 files changed, 73 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c3a1143ee2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+use crate::TotalHotkeyAlpha;
+use crate::tests::mock::{RuntimeOrigin, SubtensorModule, Test, add_dynamic_network, new_test_ext};
+use crate::{RootClaimType, RootClaimTypeEnum, SubnetAlphaIn, SubnetTAO, pallet};
+use frame_support::assert_ok;
+use sp_core::U256;
+use substrate_fixed::types::U96F32;
+use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
+use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
+
+#[test]
+fn test_set_root_claim_type() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let coldkey = U256::from(1);
+
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::set_root_claim_type(
+            RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),
+            RootClaimTypeEnum::Keep
+        ),);
+
+        assert_eq!(RootClaimType::<Test>::get(coldkey), RootClaimTypeEnum::Keep);
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_claim_root() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let coldkey = U256::from(1001);
+        let hotkey = U256::from(1002);
+        let netuid = add_dynamic_network(&hotkey, &coldkey);
+
+        let tao_reserve = TaoCurrency::from(50_000_000_000);
+        let alpha_in = AlphaCurrency::from(100_000_000_000);
+        SubnetTAO::<Test>::insert(netuid, tao_reserve);
+        SubnetAlphaIn::<Test>::insert(netuid, alpha_in);
+        let current_price =
+            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
+        assert_eq!(current_price, U96F32::from_num(0.5));
+
+        let stake = 1_000_000u64;
+        TotalHotkeyAlpha::<Test>::insert(hotkey, netuid, AlphaCurrency::from(stake));
+        SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &coldkey,
+            NetUid::ROOT,
+            stake.into(),
+        );
+
+        let claimable_amount = 1_000_000u64;
+        SubtensorModule::increase_root_claimable_for_hotkey_and_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            netuid,
+            claimable_amount.into(),
+        );
+
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::set_root_claim_type(
+            RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),
+            RootClaimTypeEnum::Keep
+        ),);
+
+        assert_eq!(RootClaimType::<Test>::get(coldkey), RootClaimTypeEnum::Keep);
+
+        let new_stake =
+            SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid);
+        assert_eq!(new_stake, 0u64.into());
+
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),));
+
+        let new_stake =
+            SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid);
+        assert_eq!(new_stake, (stake * 2).into());
+    });
+}
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mod.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mod.rs
index b743d7c1ff..15b7027e77 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mod.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mod.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 mod batch_tx;
 mod children;
+mod claim_root;
 mod coinbase;
 mod consensus;
 mod delegate_info;

From 0151f490ce243719a52ac33c35e8c901595a31b2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 17 Sep 2025 17:30:11 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 029/218] Add basic test with drain_emissions

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs |  7 ++
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs   | 99 +++++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 89 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
index 23d378fe80..2e19193e90 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
@@ -50,6 +50,13 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             .checked_div(total)
             .unwrap_or(I96F32::saturating_from_num(0.0));
 
+        log::debug!(
+            "Increasing root claimable by {} with {} divided by {}",
+            increment,
+            amount,
+            total
+        );
+
         // Increment claimable for this subnet.
         RootClaimable::<T>::mutate(hotkey, netuid, |total| {
             *total = total.saturating_add(increment);
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
index c3a1143ee2..db9d00d300 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
-use crate::TotalHotkeyAlpha;
-use crate::tests::mock::{RuntimeOrigin, SubtensorModule, Test, add_dynamic_network, new_test_ext};
+use crate::tests::mock::{
+    RuntimeOrigin, SubtensorModule, Test, add_dynamic_network, new_test_ext,
+};
 use crate::{RootClaimType, RootClaimTypeEnum, SubnetAlphaIn, SubnetTAO, pallet};
+use crate::{RootClaimable, TotalHotkeyAlpha};
+use approx::assert_abs_diff_eq;
 use frame_support::assert_ok;
 use sp_core::U256;
-use substrate_fixed::types::U96F32;
-use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
+use substrate_fixed::types::{I96F32, U96F32};
+use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
 use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
 
 #[test]
@@ -22,11 +25,14 @@ fn test_set_root_claim_type() {
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn test_claim_root() {
+fn test_claim_root_with_drain_emissions() {
     new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
-        let coldkey = U256::from(1001);
+        let owner_coldkey = U256::from(1001);
         let hotkey = U256::from(1002);
-        let netuid = add_dynamic_network(&hotkey, &coldkey);
+        let coldkey = U256::from(1003);
+        let netuid = add_dynamic_network(&hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+        let initial_balance = 10_000_000u64;
+        SubtensorModule::add_balance_to_coldkey_account(&coldkey, initial_balance.into());
 
         let tao_reserve = TaoCurrency::from(50_000_000_000);
         let alpha_in = AlphaCurrency::from(100_000_000_000);
@@ -36,6 +42,8 @@ fn test_claim_root() {
             <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
         assert_eq!(current_price, U96F32::from_num(0.5));
 
+        SubtensorModule::set_tao_weight(u64::MAX); // Set TAO weight to 1.0
+
         let stake = 1_000_000u64;
         TotalHotkeyAlpha::<Test>::insert(hotkey, netuid, AlphaCurrency::from(stake));
         SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
@@ -45,28 +53,85 @@ fn test_claim_root() {
             stake.into(),
         );
 
-        let claimable_amount = 1_000_000u64;
-        SubtensorModule::increase_root_claimable_for_hotkey_and_subnet(
-            &hotkey,
+        let pending_root_alpha = AlphaCurrency::from(1_000_000);
+        SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
             netuid,
-            claimable_amount.into(),
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
+            pending_root_alpha,
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
+        );
+
+        let claimable = RootClaimable::<Test>::get(hotkey, netuid);
+
+        let validator_take_percent = 18u64;
+        let calculated_rate = (I96F32::from(stake) * I96F32::from(100u64 - validator_take_percent))
+            / I96F32::from(100u64)
+            / I96F32::from(u64::from(TotalHotkeyAlpha::<Test>::get(hotkey, netuid)));
+
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+            (claimable * I96F32::from(1000u64)).saturating_to_num::<u64>(),
+            (calculated_rate * I96F32::from(1000u64)).saturating_to_num::<u64>(),
+            epsilon = 10u64,
         );
 
         assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::set_root_claim_type(
             RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),
             RootClaimTypeEnum::Keep
         ),);
-
         assert_eq!(RootClaimType::<Test>::get(coldkey), RootClaimTypeEnum::Keep);
 
-        let new_stake =
-            SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid);
-        assert_eq!(new_stake, 0u64.into());
-
         assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),));
 
+        log::debug!("RootClaimable = {}", claimable);
         let new_stake =
             SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid);
-        assert_eq!(new_stake, (stake * 2).into());
+
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+            u64::from(new_stake),
+            (I96F32::from(stake) * claimable).saturating_to_num::<u64>(),
+            epsilon = 10u64,
+        );
+    });
+}
+
+/*
+Test 1 - Adding Stake Disproportionally
+
+1. Beginning of the epoch 1: Alice stakes 1 TAO to root, Bob stakes 1 TAO to root, and both say "I want airdrop"
+2. For simplicity let's say `root_alpha = 0.1` in every block. So at the end of the epoch 1 we have 36 root alpha to share between Alice and Bob. Each is entitled to 18 Alpha.
+3. Beginning of the epoch 2: Alice stakes 1 TAO more, Bob stakes 2 TAO more. State is now:
+
+```
+alpha_to_airdrop: 36
+rewards_per_tao: 18
+
+Alice's stake: 2
+Bob's stake: 3
+debt_alice: 18
+debt_bob: 36
+```
+
+4. As epoch 2 goes, we keep adding 0.1 root Alpha in every block, so it will be still +36 Alpha, but new Alpha is shared differently between Alice and Bob: Alice gets 2/5 of the new Alpha and Bob gets 3/5 of the new Alpha.
+
+5. End of epoch 2: Alice is entitled to 18 + 14.4 = 32.4 Alpha, Bob is entitled to 18 + 21.6 = 39.6 Alpha. State update is following:
+
+```
+alpha_to_airdrop: 72
+rewards_per_tao: 18 + 36/5 = 25.2
+```
+
+6. Alice and Bob want to claim their Alpha:
+
+```
+alpha_alice = 2 * 25.2 - 18 = 32.4
+alpha_bob = 3 * 25.2 - 36 = 39.6
+```
+
+*/
+
+#[test]
+fn test_adding_stake_disproportionally() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+
     });
 }

From 83b2b364271ce3d4b73f47fb9e80914770fac62d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 17 Sep 2025 19:03:21 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 030/218] Update tests.

---
 .../subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs    |  7 ---
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs     | 58 ++++++++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 45 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs
index 83903f921a..0c721d6abb 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs
@@ -543,13 +543,6 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                 tou64!(alpha_take).into(),
             );
 
-            // Give rest to nominators.
-            // Self::increase_stake_for_hotkey_on_subnet(
-            //     &hotkey,
-            //     netuid,
-            //     tou64!(root_alpha).into(),
-            // );
-
             Self::increase_root_claimable_for_hotkey_and_subnet(
                 &hotkey,
                 netuid,
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
index db9d00d300..aca9d05b3f 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-use crate::tests::mock::{
-    RuntimeOrigin, SubtensorModule, Test, add_dynamic_network, new_test_ext,
-};
+use crate::tests::mock::{RuntimeOrigin, SubtensorModule, Test, add_dynamic_network, new_test_ext};
 use crate::{RootClaimType, RootClaimTypeEnum, SubnetAlphaIn, SubnetTAO, pallet};
 use crate::{RootClaimable, TotalHotkeyAlpha};
 use approx::assert_abs_diff_eq;
@@ -44,16 +42,32 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_drain_emissions() {
 
         SubtensorModule::set_tao_weight(u64::MAX); // Set TAO weight to 1.0
 
-        let stake = 1_000_000u64;
-        TotalHotkeyAlpha::<Test>::insert(hotkey, netuid, AlphaCurrency::from(stake));
+        let stake = 2_000_000u64;
+        let initial_total_hotkey_alpha = 1_000_000u64;
+
         SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
             &hotkey,
             &coldkey,
             NetUid::ROOT,
             stake.into(),
         );
+        SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &owner_coldkey,
+            netuid,
+            initial_total_hotkey_alpha.into(),
+        );
+
+        let old_validator_stake = SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &owner_coldkey,
+            netuid,
+        );
+        assert_eq!(old_validator_stake, initial_total_hotkey_alpha.into());
 
-        let pending_root_alpha = AlphaCurrency::from(1_000_000);
+        // Distribute pending root alpha
+
+        let pending_root_alpha = AlphaCurrency::from(10_000_000);
         SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
             netuid,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
@@ -61,11 +75,29 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_drain_emissions() {
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
 
-        let claimable = RootClaimable::<Test>::get(hotkey, netuid);
+        // Check new validator stake
+        let validator_take_percent = I96F32::from(18u64) / I96F32::from(100u64);
 
-        let validator_take_percent = 18u64;
-        let calculated_rate = (I96F32::from(stake) * I96F32::from(100u64 - validator_take_percent))
-            / I96F32::from(100u64)
+        let new_validator_stake = SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &owner_coldkey,
+            netuid,
+        );
+        let calculated_validator_stake = I96F32::from(u64::from(pending_root_alpha))
+            * I96F32::from(initial_total_hotkey_alpha)
+            * validator_take_percent
+            / I96F32::from(u64::from(initial_total_hotkey_alpha))
+            + I96F32::from(initial_total_hotkey_alpha);
+
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+            u64::from(new_validator_stake),
+            calculated_validator_stake.saturating_to_num::<u64>(),
+            epsilon = 100u64,
+        );
+
+        let claimable = RootClaimable::<Test>::get(hotkey, netuid);
+        let calculated_rate = (I96F32::from(u64::from(pending_root_alpha))
+            * (I96F32::from(1u64) - validator_take_percent))
             / I96F32::from(u64::from(TotalHotkeyAlpha::<Test>::get(hotkey, netuid)));
 
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(
@@ -74,6 +106,8 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_drain_emissions() {
             epsilon = 10u64,
         );
 
+        // Claim root alpha
+
         assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::set_root_claim_type(
             RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),
             RootClaimTypeEnum::Keep
@@ -131,7 +165,5 @@ alpha_bob = 3 * 25.2 - 36 = 39.6
 
 #[test]
 fn test_adding_stake_disproportionally() {
-    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
-
-    });
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {});
 }

From c8ca999d9b9a3d6ac0f9a0e0caae5ff734024e30 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 18 Sep 2025 08:52:22 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 031/218] feat(runtime): update code hash lockup deposit
 percent to 30

---
 runtime/src/lib.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/runtime/src/lib.rs b/runtime/src/lib.rs
index d5d916ca02..30de93dc94 100644
--- a/runtime/src/lib.rs
+++ b/runtime/src/lib.rs
@@ -1607,7 +1607,7 @@ parameter_types! {
     pub const ContractDepositPerByte: Balance = deposit(0, 1);
     pub const ContractDefaultDepositLimit: Balance = deposit(1024, 1024 * 1024);
     pub ContractsSchedule: pallet_contracts::Schedule<Runtime> = contracts_schedule::<Runtime>();
-    pub const CodeHashLockupDepositPercent: Perbill = Perbill::from_percent(0);
+    pub const CodeHashLockupDepositPercent: Perbill = Perbill::from_percent(30);
     pub const ContractMaxDelegateDependencies: u32 = 32;
 }
 

From af8692872dfa50247ca7d8b77e5c1bf0f36d583b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 18 Sep 2025 10:18:44 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 032/218] feat(runtime): customize contract storage deposit
 calculation

Implement custom deposit calculation for contract storage with 15% of existential deposit per key and 6% per byte
---
 runtime/src/lib.rs | 21 ++++++++++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/runtime/src/lib.rs b/runtime/src/lib.rs
index 30de93dc94..a631af2880 100644
--- a/runtime/src/lib.rs
+++ b/runtime/src/lib.rs
@@ -1602,10 +1602,25 @@ fn contracts_schedule<T: pallet_contracts::Config>() -> pallet_contracts::Schedu
     }
 }
 
+const CONTRACT_STORAGE_KEY_PERCENT: Balance = 15;
+const CONTRACT_STORAGE_BYTE_PERCENT: Balance = 6;
+
+/// Contracts deposits charged at 15% of the existential deposit per key, 6% per byte.
+pub const fn contract_deposit(items: u32, bytes: u32) -> Balance {
+    let key_fee =
+        (EXISTENTIAL_DEPOSIT as Balance).saturating_mul(CONTRACT_STORAGE_KEY_PERCENT) / 100;
+    let byte_fee =
+        (EXISTENTIAL_DEPOSIT as Balance).saturating_mul(CONTRACT_STORAGE_BYTE_PERCENT) / 100;
+
+    (items as Balance)
+        .saturating_mul(key_fee)
+        .saturating_add((bytes as Balance).saturating_mul(byte_fee))
+}
+
 parameter_types! {
-    pub const ContractDepositPerItem: Balance = deposit(1, 0);
-    pub const ContractDepositPerByte: Balance = deposit(0, 1);
-    pub const ContractDefaultDepositLimit: Balance = deposit(1024, 1024 * 1024);
+    pub const ContractDepositPerItem: Balance = contract_deposit(1, 0);
+    pub const ContractDepositPerByte: Balance = contract_deposit(0, 1);
+    pub const ContractDefaultDepositLimit: Balance = contract_deposit(1024, 1024 * 1024);
     pub ContractsSchedule: pallet_contracts::Schedule<Runtime> = contracts_schedule::<Runtime>();
     pub const CodeHashLockupDepositPercent: Perbill = Perbill::from_percent(30);
     pub const ContractMaxDelegateDependencies: u32 = 32;

From c569dac116e33f338bf09a83e346f6c0a0958cf9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 18 Sep 2025 11:51:27 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 033/218] feat(runtime): expand contract call whitelist for
 staking operations

---
 runtime/src/lib.rs | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 24 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/runtime/src/lib.rs b/runtime/src/lib.rs
index a631af2880..d5604e485a 100644
--- a/runtime/src/lib.rs
+++ b/runtime/src/lib.rs
@@ -1631,12 +1631,30 @@ pub struct ContractCallFilter;
 /// Whitelist dispatchables that are allowed to be called from contracts
 impl Contains<RuntimeCall> for ContractCallFilter {
     fn contains(call: &RuntimeCall) -> bool {
-        matches!(
-            call,
-            RuntimeCall::SubtensorModule(pallet_subtensor::Call::move_stake { .. })
-                | RuntimeCall::SubtensorModule(pallet_subtensor::Call::transfer_stake { .. })
-                | RuntimeCall::Proxy(pallet_proxy::Call::proxy { .. })
-        )
+        match call {
+            RuntimeCall::SubtensorModule(inner) => matches!(
+                inner,
+                pallet_subtensor::Call::add_stake { .. }
+                    | pallet_subtensor::Call::remove_stake { .. }
+                    | pallet_subtensor::Call::unstake_all { .. }
+                    | pallet_subtensor::Call::unstake_all_alpha { .. }
+                    | pallet_subtensor::Call::move_stake { .. }
+                    | pallet_subtensor::Call::transfer_stake { .. }
+                    | pallet_subtensor::Call::swap_stake { .. }
+                    | pallet_subtensor::Call::add_stake_limit { .. }
+                    | pallet_subtensor::Call::remove_stake_limit { .. }
+                    | pallet_subtensor::Call::swap_stake_limit { .. }
+                    | pallet_subtensor::Call::remove_stake_full_limit { .. }
+                    | pallet_subtensor::Call::set_coldkey_auto_stake_hotkey { .. }
+            ),
+            RuntimeCall::Proxy(inner) => matches!(
+                inner,
+                pallet_proxy::Call::proxy { .. }
+                    | pallet_proxy::Call::add_proxy { .. }
+                    | pallet_proxy::Call::create_pure { .. }
+            ),
+            _ => false,
+        }
     }
 }
 

From ef563d356249b89bc2c1e6ad53d0850d1e5cd749 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 18 Sep 2025 11:51:40 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 034/218] docs: document expanded contract call whitelist

---
 docs/contracts.md | 14 +++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/docs/contracts.md b/docs/contracts.md
index af3eacdf67..61f01a6c97 100644
--- a/docs/contracts.md
+++ b/docs/contracts.md
@@ -43,9 +43,21 @@ pub trait SubtensorExtension {
 For security, contracts can only dispatch a limited set of runtime calls:
 
 **Whitelisted Calls:**
+- `SubtensorModule::add_stake` - Delegate stake from a coldkey to a hotkey
+- `SubtensorModule::remove_stake` - Withdraw stake from a hotkey back to the caller
+- `SubtensorModule::unstake_all` - Unstake all funds associated with a hotkey
+- `SubtensorModule::unstake_all_alpha` - Unstake all alpha stake from a hotkey
 - `SubtensorModule::move_stake` - Move stake between hotkeys
-- `SubtensorModule::transfer_stake` - Transfer stake between accounts
+- `SubtensorModule::transfer_stake` - Transfer stake between coldkeys (optionally across subnets)
+- `SubtensorModule::swap_stake` - Swap stake allocations between subnets
+- `SubtensorModule::add_stake_limit` - Delegate stake with a price limit
+- `SubtensorModule::remove_stake_limit` - Withdraw staked funds with a price limit
+- `SubtensorModule::swap_stake_limit` - Swap stake between subnets with a price limit
+- `SubtensorModule::remove_stake_full_limit` - Fully withdraw stake subject to a price limit
+- `SubtensorModule::set_coldkey_auto_stake_hotkey` - Configure the automatic stake destination for a coldkey
 - `Proxy::proxy` - Execute proxy calls
+- `Proxy::add_proxy` - Add a proxy relationship
+- `Proxy::create_pure` - Create a pure proxy account
 
 All other runtime calls are restricted and cannot be dispatched from contracts.
 

From c482f2f51c22099cc755b71baf0985191fba5279 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 18 Sep 2025 14:21:20 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 035/218] Update tests

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs | 75 +++++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 55 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
index aca9d05b3f..047b6d14f0 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 use crate::tests::mock::{RuntimeOrigin, SubtensorModule, Test, add_dynamic_network, new_test_ext};
-use crate::{RootClaimType, RootClaimTypeEnum, SubnetAlphaIn, SubnetTAO, pallet};
+use crate::{RootClaimType, RootClaimTypeEnum, RootClaimed};
 use crate::{RootClaimable, TotalHotkeyAlpha};
 use approx::assert_abs_diff_eq;
 use frame_support::assert_ok;
 use sp_core::U256;
-use substrate_fixed::types::{I96F32, U96F32};
-use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
+use substrate_fixed::types::I96F32;
+use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, NetUid};
 
 #[test]
 fn test_set_root_claim_type() {
@@ -29,28 +28,18 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_drain_emissions() {
         let hotkey = U256::from(1002);
         let coldkey = U256::from(1003);
         let netuid = add_dynamic_network(&hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
-        let initial_balance = 10_000_000u64;
-        SubtensorModule::add_balance_to_coldkey_account(&coldkey, initial_balance.into());
-
-        let tao_reserve = TaoCurrency::from(50_000_000_000);
-        let alpha_in = AlphaCurrency::from(100_000_000_000);
-        SubnetTAO::<Test>::insert(netuid, tao_reserve);
-        SubnetAlphaIn::<Test>::insert(netuid, alpha_in);
-        let current_price =
-            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
-        assert_eq!(current_price, U96F32::from_num(0.5));
 
         SubtensorModule::set_tao_weight(u64::MAX); // Set TAO weight to 1.0
 
-        let stake = 2_000_000u64;
-        let initial_total_hotkey_alpha = 1_000_000u64;
-
+        let root_stake = 2_000_000u64;
         SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
             &hotkey,
             &coldkey,
             NetUid::ROOT,
-            stake.into(),
+            root_stake.into(),
         );
+
+        let initial_total_hotkey_alpha = 20_000_000u64;
         SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
             &hotkey,
             &owner_coldkey,
@@ -95,6 +84,8 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_drain_emissions() {
             epsilon = 100u64,
         );
 
+        // Check claimable
+
         let claimable = RootClaimable::<Test>::get(hotkey, netuid);
         let calculated_rate = (I96F32::from(u64::from(pending_root_alpha))
             * (I96F32::from(1u64) - validator_take_percent))
@@ -116,15 +107,59 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_drain_emissions() {
 
         assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),));
 
-        log::debug!("RootClaimable = {}", claimable);
         let new_stake =
             SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid);
 
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(
             u64::from(new_stake),
-            (I96F32::from(stake) * claimable).saturating_to_num::<u64>(),
+            (I96F32::from(root_stake) * claimable).saturating_to_num::<u64>(),
             epsilon = 10u64,
         );
+
+        // Check root claimed value saved
+
+        let claimed = RootClaimed::<Test>::get((&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid));
+        assert_eq!(u128::from(u64::from(new_stake)), claimed);
+
+        // Distribute pending root alpha (round 2)
+
+        SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
+            netuid,
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
+            pending_root_alpha,
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
+        );
+
+        // Check claimable (round 2)
+
+        let claimable2 = RootClaimable::<Test>::get(hotkey, netuid);
+        let calculated_rate = (I96F32::from(u64::from(pending_root_alpha))
+            * (I96F32::from(1u64) - validator_take_percent))
+            / I96F32::from(u64::from(TotalHotkeyAlpha::<Test>::get(hotkey, netuid)));
+
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+            (claimable2 * I96F32::from(1000u64)).saturating_to_num::<u64>(),
+            ((calculated_rate + claimable) * I96F32::from(1000u64)).saturating_to_num::<u64>(),
+            epsilon = 10u64,
+        );
+
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),));
+
+        let new_stake2 =
+            SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid);
+        let calculated_new_stake2 =
+            (I96F32::from(u64::from(root_stake)) * claimable2).saturating_to_num::<u64>();
+
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+            u64::from(new_stake2),
+            calculated_new_stake2,
+            epsilon = 10u64,
+        );
+
+        // Check root claimed value saved (round 2)
+
+        let claimed = RootClaimed::<Test>::get((&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid));
+        assert_eq!(u128::from(u64::from(new_stake2)), claimed);
     });
 }
 

From f8b18245b1610c65f5370abf75144f85e5ca4a02 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aliaksandr Tsurko <ales@opentensor.dev>
Date: Mon, 15 Sep 2025 16:59:35 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 036/218] Simplify swap interface type parameters

---
 pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs    |  66 +++-----
 pallets/swap-interface/src/order.rs  |  42 +++--
 pallets/swap/src/mock.rs             |  35 ++--
 pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs     | 116 ++++++-------
 pallets/swap/src/pallet/swap_step.rs | 106 ++++++------
 pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs     | 234 ++++++++++++++-------------
 6 files changed, 293 insertions(+), 306 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs b/pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs
index e54c5752f0..6ae257820c 100644
--- a/pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs
@@ -10,33 +10,27 @@ pub use order::*;
 mod order;
 
 pub trait SwapHandler<AccountId> {
-    fn swap<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut, OrderT>(
+    fn swap<OrderT, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>(
         netuid: NetUid,
         order: OrderT,
         price_limit: TaoCurrency,
         drop_fees: bool,
         should_rollback: bool,
-    ) -> Result<SwapResult<PaidIn, PaidOut>, DispatchError>
+    ) -> Result<SwapResult<OrderT>, DispatchError>
     where
-        PaidIn: Currency,
-        PaidOut: Currency,
-        ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<PaidIn>,
-        ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<PaidOut>,
-        OrderT: Order<PaidIn, PaidOut>,
-        Self: SwapEngine<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut, OrderT>;
-    fn sim_swap<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut, OrderT>(
+        OrderT: Order,
+        ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<OrderT::PaidIn>,
+        ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<OrderT::PaidOut>,
+        Self: SwapEngine<OrderT, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>;
+    fn sim_swap<OrderT, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>(
         netuid: NetUid,
         order: OrderT,
-        amount: PaidIn,
-    ) -> Result<SwapResult<PaidIn, PaidOut>, DispatchError>
+    ) -> Result<SwapResult<OrderT>, DispatchError>
     where
-        PaidIn: Currency,
-        PaidOut: Currency,
-        ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<PaidIn>,
-        ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<PaidOut>,
-        OrderT: Order<PaidIn, PaidOut>,
-        Self: DefaultPriceLimit<PaidIn, PaidOut>
-            + SwapEngine<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut, OrderT>;
+        OrderT: Order,
+        ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<OrderT::PaidIn>,
+        ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<OrderT::PaidOut>,
+        Self: DefaultPriceLimit<OrderT> + SwapEngine<OrderT, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>;
     fn approx_fee_amount<T: Currency>(netuid: NetUid, amount: T) -> T;
     fn current_alpha_price(netuid: NetUid) -> U96F32;
     fn max_price<C: Currency>() -> C;
@@ -49,21 +43,15 @@ pub trait SwapHandler<AccountId> {
     fn is_user_liquidity_enabled(netuid: NetUid) -> bool;
 }
 
-pub trait DefaultPriceLimit<PaidIn, PaidOut>
-where
-    PaidIn: Currency,
-    PaidOut: Currency,
-{
+pub trait DefaultPriceLimit<OrderT: Order> {
     fn default_price_limit<C: Currency>() -> C;
 }
 
-pub trait SwapEngine<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut, OrderT>
+pub trait SwapEngine<OrderT, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>
 where
-    PaidIn: Currency,
-    PaidOut: Currency,
-    ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<PaidIn>,
-    ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<PaidOut>,
-    OrderT: Order<PaidIn, PaidOut>,
+    OrderT: Order,
+    ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<OrderT::PaidIn>,
+    ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<OrderT::PaidOut>,
 {
     fn swap(
         netuid: NetUid,
@@ -71,25 +59,17 @@ where
         price_limit: TaoCurrency,
         drop_fees: bool,
         should_rollback: bool,
-    ) -> Result<SwapResult<PaidIn, PaidOut>, DispatchError>;
+    ) -> Result<SwapResult<OrderT>, DispatchError>;
 }
 
 #[derive(Decode, Encode, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Debug, TypeInfo)]
-pub struct SwapResult<PaidIn, PaidOut>
-where
-    PaidIn: Currency,
-    PaidOut: Currency,
-{
-    pub amount_paid_in: PaidIn,
-    pub amount_paid_out: PaidOut,
-    pub fee_paid: PaidIn,
+pub struct SwapResult<OrderT: Order> {
+    pub amount_paid_in: OrderT::PaidIn,
+    pub amount_paid_out: OrderT::PaidOut,
+    pub fee_paid: OrderT::PaidIn,
 }
 
-impl<PaidIn, PaidOut> SwapResult<PaidIn, PaidOut>
-where
-    PaidIn: Currency,
-    PaidOut: Currency,
-{
+impl<OrderT: Order> SwapResult<OrderT> {
     pub fn paid_in_reserve_delta(&self) -> i128 {
         self.amount_paid_in.to_u64() as i128
     }
diff --git a/pallets/swap-interface/src/order.rs b/pallets/swap-interface/src/order.rs
index 537e107de1..a1bbb0dcb1 100644
--- a/pallets/swap-interface/src/order.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap-interface/src/order.rs
@@ -1,24 +1,28 @@
-use core::marker::PhantomData;
-
 use substrate_fixed::types::U64F64;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, TaoCurrency};
 
-pub trait Order<PaidIn: Currency, PaidOut: Currency>: Clone {
-    fn amount(&self) -> PaidIn;
+pub trait Order: Clone {
+    type PaidIn: Currency;
+    type PaidOut: Currency;
+
+    fn with_amount(amount: Self::PaidIn) -> Self;
+    fn amount(&self) -> Self::PaidIn;
     fn is_beyond_price_limit(&self, alpha_sqrt_price: U64F64, limit_sqrt_price: U64F64) -> bool;
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct BasicOrder<PaidIn, PaidOut>
-where
-    PaidIn: Currency,
-    PaidOut: Currency,
-{
-    amount: PaidIn,
-    _phantom: PhantomData<(PaidIn, PaidOut)>,
+pub struct AlphaForTao {
+    amount: TaoCurrency,
 }
 
-impl Order<TaoCurrency, AlphaCurrency> for BasicOrder<TaoCurrency, AlphaCurrency> {
+impl Order for AlphaForTao {
+    type PaidIn = TaoCurrency;
+    type PaidOut = AlphaCurrency;
+
+    fn with_amount(amount: TaoCurrency) -> Self {
+        Self { amount }
+    }
+
     fn amount(&self) -> TaoCurrency {
         self.amount
     }
@@ -28,7 +32,19 @@ impl Order<TaoCurrency, AlphaCurrency> for BasicOrder<TaoCurrency, AlphaCurrency
     }
 }
 
-impl Order<AlphaCurrency, TaoCurrency> for BasicOrder<AlphaCurrency, TaoCurrency> {
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct TaoForAlpha {
+    amount: AlphaCurrency,
+}
+
+impl Order for TaoForAlpha {
+    type PaidIn = AlphaCurrency;
+    type PaidOut = TaoCurrency;
+
+    fn with_amount(amount: AlphaCurrency) -> Self {
+        Self { amount }
+    }
+
     fn amount(&self) -> AlphaCurrency {
         self.amount
     }
diff --git a/pallets/swap/src/mock.rs b/pallets/swap/src/mock.rs
index 78a8f925c8..d92fb837b5 100644
--- a/pallets/swap/src/mock.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap/src/mock.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ use sp_runtime::{
     BuildStorage,
     traits::{BlakeTwo256, IdentityLookup},
 };
-use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, BalanceOps, NetUid, SubnetInfo, TaoCurrency};
+use subtensor_runtime_common::{
+    AlphaCurrency, BalanceOps, CurrencyReserve, NetUid, SubnetInfo, TaoCurrency,
+};
 
 use crate::pallet::EnabledUserLiquidity;
 
@@ -83,11 +85,10 @@ parameter_types! {
     pub const MinimumReserves: NonZeroU64 = NonZeroU64::new(1).unwrap();
 }
 
-// Mock implementor of SubnetInfo trait
-pub struct MockLiquidityProvider;
+pub(crate) struct TaoReserve;
 
-impl SubnetInfo<AccountId> for MockLiquidityProvider {
-    fn tao_reserve(netuid: NetUid) -> TaoCurrency {
+impl CurrencyReserve<TaoCurrency> for TaoReserve {
+    fn reserve(netuid: NetUid) -> TaoCurrency {
         match netuid.into() {
             123u16 => 10_000,
             WRAPPING_FEES_NETUID => 100_000_000_000,
@@ -96,7 +97,14 @@ impl SubnetInfo<AccountId> for MockLiquidityProvider {
         .into()
     }
 
-    fn alpha_reserve(netuid: NetUid) -> AlphaCurrency {
+    fn increase_provided(netuid: NetUid, amount: TaoCurrency) {}
+    fn decrease_provided(netuid: NetUid, amount: TaoCurrency) {}
+}
+
+pub(crate) struct AlphaReserve;
+
+impl CurrencyReserve<AlphaCurrency> for AlphaReserve {
+    fn reserve(netuid: NetUid) -> AlphaCurrency {
         match netuid.into() {
             123u16 => 10_000.into(),
             WRAPPING_FEES_NETUID => 400_000_000_000.into(),
@@ -104,6 +112,14 @@ impl SubnetInfo<AccountId> for MockLiquidityProvider {
         }
     }
 
+    fn increase_provided(netuid: NetUid, amount: AlphaCurrency) {}
+    fn decrease_provided(netuid: NetUid, amount: AlphaCurrency) {}
+}
+
+// Mock implementor of SubnetInfo trait
+pub struct MockLiquidityProvider;
+
+impl SubnetInfo<AccountId> for MockLiquidityProvider {
     fn exists(netuid: NetUid) -> bool {
         netuid != NON_EXISTENT_NETUID.into()
     }
@@ -172,16 +188,13 @@ impl BalanceOps<AccountId> for MockBalanceOps {
     ) -> Result<AlphaCurrency, DispatchError> {
         Ok(alpha)
     }
-
-    fn increase_provided_tao_reserve(_netuid: NetUid, _tao: TaoCurrency) {}
-    fn decrease_provided_tao_reserve(_netuid: NetUid, _tao: TaoCurrency) {}
-    fn increase_provided_alpha_reserve(_netuid: NetUid, _alpha: AlphaCurrency) {}
-    fn decrease_provided_alpha_reserve(_netuid: NetUid, _alpha: AlphaCurrency) {}
 }
 
 impl crate::pallet::Config for Test {
     type RuntimeEvent = RuntimeEvent;
     type SubnetInfo = MockLiquidityProvider;
+    type TaoReserve = TaoReserve;
+    type AlphaReserve = AlphaReserve;
     type BalanceOps = MockBalanceOps;
     type ProtocolId = SwapProtocolId;
     type MaxFeeRate = MaxFeeRate;
diff --git a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs
index c27ea9213b..c1ec795c1b 100644
--- a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ use subtensor_runtime_common::{
     AlphaCurrency, BalanceOps, Currency, CurrencyReserve, NetUid, SubnetInfo, TaoCurrency,
 };
 use subtensor_swap_interface::{
-    DefaultPriceLimit, Order as OrderT, SwapEngine, SwapHandler, SwapResult,
+    AlphaForTao, DefaultPriceLimit, Order as OrderT, SwapEngine, SwapHandler, SwapResult,
+    TaoForAlpha,
 };
 
 use super::pallet::*;
@@ -188,25 +189,23 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     ///       reserve.
     ///
     /// Use simulation mode to preview the outcome of a swap without modifying the blockchain state.
-    pub(crate) fn do_swap<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut, Order>(
+    pub(crate) fn do_swap<Order, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>(
         netuid: NetUid,
         order: Order,
         limit_sqrt_price: SqrtPrice,
         drop_fees: bool,
         simulate: bool,
-    ) -> Result<SwapResult<PaidIn, PaidOut>, DispatchError>
+    ) -> Result<SwapResult<Order>, DispatchError>
     where
-        PaidIn: Currency,
-        PaidOut: Currency,
-        ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<PaidIn>,
-        ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<PaidOut>,
-        Order: OrderT<PaidIn, PaidOut>,
-        BasicSwapStep<T, PaidIn, PaidOut, Order>: SwapStep<T, PaidIn, PaidOut, Order>,
+        Order: OrderT,
+        ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<Order::PaidIn>,
+        ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<Order::PaidOut>,
+        BasicSwapStep<T, Order>: SwapStep<T, Order>,
     {
         transactional::with_transaction(|| {
             let reserve = ReserveOut::reserve(netuid.into());
 
-            let result = Self::swap_inner::<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut, Order>(
+            let result = Self::swap_inner::<Order, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>(
                 netuid,
                 order,
                 limit_sqrt_price,
@@ -234,19 +233,17 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         })
     }
 
-    fn swap_inner<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut, Order>(
+    fn swap_inner<Order, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>(
         netuid: NetUid,
         order: Order,
         limit_sqrt_price: SqrtPrice,
         drop_fees: bool,
-    ) -> Result<SwapResult<PaidIn, PaidOut>, Error<T>>
+    ) -> Result<SwapResult<Order>, Error<T>>
     where
-        PaidIn: Currency,
-        PaidOut: Currency,
-        ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<PaidIn>,
-        ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<PaidOut>,
-        Order: OrderT<PaidIn, PaidOut>,
-        BasicSwapStep<T, PaidIn, PaidOut, Order>: SwapStep<T, PaidIn, PaidOut, Order>,
+        Order: OrderT,
+        ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<Order::PaidIn>,
+        ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<Order::PaidOut>,
+        BasicSwapStep<T, Order>: SwapStep<T, Order>,
     {
         ensure!(
             ReserveOut::reserve(netuid).to_u64() >= T::MinimumReserve::get().get(),
@@ -262,10 +259,10 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         );
 
         let mut amount_remaining = order.amount();
-        let mut amount_paid_out = PaidOut::ZERO;
+        let mut amount_paid_out = Order::PaidOut::ZERO;
         let mut iteration_counter: u16 = 0;
-        let mut in_acc = PaidIn::ZERO;
-        let mut fee_acc = PaidIn::ZERO;
+        let mut in_acc = Order::PaidIn::ZERO;
+        let mut fee_acc = Order::PaidIn::ZERO;
 
         log::trace!("======== Start Swap ========");
         log::trace!("Amount Remaining: {amount_remaining}");
@@ -279,7 +276,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             );
 
             // Create and execute a swap step
-            let mut swap_step = BasicSwapStep::<T, PaidIn, PaidOut, Order>::new(
+            let mut swap_step = BasicSwapStep::<T, Order>::new(
                 netuid,
                 amount_remaining,
                 limit_sqrt_price,
@@ -294,12 +291,12 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             amount_paid_out = amount_paid_out.saturating_add(swap_result.delta_out);
 
             if swap_step.action() == SwapStepAction::Stop {
-                amount_remaining = PaidIn::ZERO;
+                amount_remaining = Order::PaidIn::ZERO;
             }
 
             // The swap step didn't exchange anything
             if swap_result.amount_to_take.is_zero() {
-                amount_remaining = PaidIn::ZERO;
+                amount_remaining = Order::PaidIn::ZERO;
             }
 
             iteration_counter = iteration_counter.saturating_add(1);
@@ -792,27 +789,24 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T: Config> DefaultPriceLimit<TaoCurrency, AlphaCurrency> for Pallet<T> {
+impl<T: Config> DefaultPriceLimit<AlphaForTao> for Pallet<T> {
     fn default_price_limit<C: Currency>() -> C {
         Self::max_price_inner::<C>()
     }
 }
 
-impl<T: Config> DefaultPriceLimit<AlphaCurrency, TaoCurrency> for Pallet<T> {
+impl<T: Config> DefaultPriceLimit<TaoForAlpha> for Pallet<T> {
     fn default_price_limit<C: Currency>() -> C {
         Self::min_price_inner::<C>()
     }
 }
 
-impl<T: Config, PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut, Order>
-    SwapEngine<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut, Order> for Pallet<T>
+impl<T: Config, Order, ReserveIn, ReserveOut> SwapEngine<Order, ReserveIn, ReserveOut> for Pallet<T>
 where
-    PaidIn: Currency,
-    PaidOut: Currency,
-    ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<PaidIn>,
-    ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<PaidOut>,
-    Order: OrderT<PaidIn, PaidOut>,
-    BasicSwapStep<T, PaidIn, PaidOut, Order>: SwapStep<T, PaidIn, PaidOut, Order>,
+    Order: OrderT,
+    ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<Order::PaidIn>,
+    ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<Order::PaidOut>,
+    BasicSwapStep<T, Order>: SwapStep<T, Order>,
 {
     fn swap(
         netuid: NetUid,
@@ -820,13 +814,13 @@ where
         price_limit: TaoCurrency,
         drop_fees: bool,
         should_rollback: bool,
-    ) -> Result<SwapResult<PaidIn, PaidOut>, DispatchError> {
+    ) -> Result<SwapResult<Order>, DispatchError> {
         let limit_sqrt_price = SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(price_limit.to_u64())
             .safe_div(SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(1_000_000_000))
             .checked_sqrt(SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(0.0000000001))
             .ok_or(Error::<T>::PriceLimitExceeded)?;
 
-        Self::do_swap::<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut, Order>(
+        Self::do_swap::<Order, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>(
             NetUid::from(netuid),
             order,
             limit_sqrt_price,
@@ -838,22 +832,20 @@ where
 }
 
 impl<T: Config> SwapHandler<T::AccountId> for Pallet<T> {
-    fn swap<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut, Order>(
+    fn swap<Order, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>(
         netuid: NetUid,
         order: Order,
         price_limit: TaoCurrency,
         drop_fees: bool,
         should_rollback: bool,
-    ) -> Result<SwapResult<PaidIn, PaidOut>, DispatchError>
+    ) -> Result<SwapResult<Order>, DispatchError>
     where
-        PaidIn: Currency,
-        PaidOut: Currency,
-        ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<PaidIn>,
-        ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<PaidOut>,
-        Order: OrderT<PaidIn, PaidOut>,
-        Self: SwapEngine<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut, Order>,
+        Order: OrderT,
+        ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<Order::PaidIn>,
+        ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<Order::PaidOut>,
+        Self: SwapEngine<Order, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>,
     {
-        <Self as SwapEngine<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut, Order>>::swap(
+        <Self as SwapEngine<Order, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>>::swap(
             NetUid::from(netuid),
             order,
             price_limit,
@@ -863,35 +855,31 @@ impl<T: Config> SwapHandler<T::AccountId> for Pallet<T> {
         .map_err(Into::into)
     }
 
-    fn sim_swap<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut, Order>(
+    fn sim_swap<Order, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>(
         netuid: NetUid,
         order: Order,
-        amount: PaidIn,
-    ) -> Result<SwapResult<PaidIn, PaidOut>, DispatchError>
+    ) -> Result<SwapResult<Order>, DispatchError>
     where
-        PaidIn: Currency,
-        PaidOut: Currency,
-        ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<PaidIn>,
-        ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<PaidOut>,
-        Order: OrderT<PaidIn, PaidOut>,
-        Self: DefaultPriceLimit<PaidIn, PaidOut>
-            + SwapEngine<PaidIn, PaidOut, ReserveIn, ReserveOut, Order>,
+        Order: OrderT,
+        ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<Order::PaidIn>,
+        ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<Order::PaidOut>,
+        Self: DefaultPriceLimit<Order> + SwapEngine<Order, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>,
     {
         match T::SubnetInfo::mechanism(netuid) {
             1 => {
                 let price_limit = Self::default_price_limit::<TaoCurrency>();
 
-                <Self as SwapHandler<T::AccountId>>::swap::<
-                    PaidIn,
-                    PaidOut,
-                    ReserveIn,
-                    ReserveOut,
-                    Order,
-                >(netuid, order, price_limit, false, true)
+                <Self as SwapHandler<T::AccountId>>::swap::<Order, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>(
+                    netuid,
+                    order,
+                    price_limit,
+                    false,
+                    true,
+                )
             }
             _ => Ok(SwapResult {
-                amount_paid_in: amount,
-                amount_paid_out: amount.to_u64().into(),
+                amount_paid_in: order.amount(),
+                amount_paid_out: order.amount().to_u64().into(),
                 fee_paid: 0.into(),
             }),
         }
diff --git a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/swap_step.rs b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/swap_step.rs
index 4a83c0dbeb..deffb0d59b 100644
--- a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/swap_step.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/swap_step.rs
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ use core::marker::PhantomData;
 
 use safe_math::*;
 use substrate_fixed::types::{I64F64, U64F64};
-use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::Order as OrderT;
+use subtensor_runtime_common::{Currency, NetUid};
+use subtensor_swap_interface::{AlphaForTao, Order as OrderT, TaoForAlpha};
 
 use super::pallet::*;
 use crate::{
@@ -12,12 +12,10 @@ use crate::{
 };
 
 /// A struct representing a single swap step with all its parameters and state
-pub(crate) struct BasicSwapStep<T, PaidIn, PaidOut, Order>
+pub(crate) struct BasicSwapStep<T, Order>
 where
     T: Config,
-    PaidIn: Currency,
-    PaidOut: Currency,
-    Order: OrderT<PaidIn, PaidOut>,
+    Order: OrderT,
 {
     // Input parameters
     netuid: NetUid,
@@ -25,7 +23,7 @@ where
 
     // Computed values
     current_liquidity: U64F64,
-    possible_delta_in: PaidIn,
+    possible_delta_in: Order::PaidIn,
 
     // Ticks and prices (current, limit, edge, target)
     target_sqrt_price: SqrtPrice,
@@ -36,25 +34,23 @@ where
 
     // Result values
     action: SwapStepAction,
-    delta_in: PaidIn,
+    delta_in: Order::PaidIn,
     final_price: SqrtPrice,
-    fee: PaidIn,
+    fee: Order::PaidIn,
 
-    _phantom: PhantomData<(T, PaidIn, PaidOut, Order)>,
+    _phantom: PhantomData<(T, Order)>,
 }
 
-impl<T, PaidIn, PaidOut, Order> BasicSwapStep<T, PaidIn, PaidOut, Order>
+impl<T, Order> BasicSwapStep<T, Order>
 where
     T: Config,
-    PaidIn: Currency,
-    PaidOut: Currency,
-    Order: OrderT<PaidIn, PaidOut>,
-    Self: SwapStep<T, PaidIn, PaidOut, Order>,
+    Order: OrderT,
+    Self: SwapStep<T, Order>,
 {
     /// Creates and initializes a new swap step
     pub(crate) fn new(
         netuid: NetUid,
-        amount_remaining: PaidIn,
+        amount_remaining: Order::PaidIn,
         limit_sqrt_price: SqrtPrice,
         drop_fees: bool,
     ) -> Self {
@@ -83,7 +79,7 @@ where
             possible_delta_in,
             current_liquidity,
             action: SwapStepAction::Stop,
-            delta_in: PaidIn::ZERO,
+            delta_in: Order::PaidIn::ZERO,
             final_price: target_sqrt_price,
             fee,
             _phantom: PhantomData,
@@ -91,7 +87,7 @@ where
     }
 
     /// Execute the swap step and return the result
-    pub(crate) fn execute(&mut self) -> Result<SwapStepResult<PaidIn, PaidOut>, Error<T>> {
+    pub(crate) fn execute(&mut self) -> Result<SwapStepResult<Order>, Error<T>> {
         self.determine_action();
         self.process_swap()
     }
@@ -188,7 +184,7 @@ where
     }
 
     /// Process a single step of a swap
-    fn process_swap(&self) -> Result<SwapStepResult<PaidIn, PaidOut>, Error<T>> {
+    fn process_swap(&self) -> Result<SwapStepResult<Order>, Error<T>> {
         // Hold the fees
         Self::add_fees(
             self.netuid,
@@ -229,17 +225,12 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<T, Order> SwapStep<T, TaoCurrency, AlphaCurrency, Order>
-    for BasicSwapStep<T, TaoCurrency, AlphaCurrency, Order>
-where
-    T: Config,
-    Order: OrderT<TaoCurrency, AlphaCurrency>,
-{
+impl<T: Config> SwapStep<T, AlphaForTao> for BasicSwapStep<T, AlphaForTao> {
     fn delta_in(
         liquidity_curr: U64F64,
         sqrt_price_curr: SqrtPrice,
         sqrt_price_target: SqrtPrice,
-    ) -> TaoCurrency {
+    ) -> <AlphaForTao as OrderT>::PaidIn {
         liquidity_curr
             .saturating_mul(sqrt_price_target.saturating_sub(sqrt_price_curr))
             .saturating_to_num::<u64>()
@@ -257,14 +248,14 @@ where
     fn sqrt_price_target(
         liquidity_curr: U64F64,
         sqrt_price_curr: SqrtPrice,
-        delta_in: TaoCurrency,
+        delta_in: <AlphaForTao as OrderT>::PaidIn,
     ) -> SqrtPrice {
         let delta_fixed = U64F64::saturating_from_num(delta_in);
 
         // No liquidity means that price should go to the limit
         if liquidity_curr == 0 {
             return SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(
-                Pallet::<T>::max_price_inner::<TaoCurrency>().to_u64(),
+                Pallet::<T>::max_price_inner::<<AlphaForTao as OrderT>::PaidIn>().to_u64(),
             );
         }
 
@@ -281,7 +272,7 @@ where
         SwapStepAction::Crossing
     }
 
-    fn add_fees(netuid: NetUid, current_liquidity: U64F64, fee: TaoCurrency) {
+    fn add_fees(netuid: NetUid, current_liquidity: U64F64, fee: <AlphaForTao as OrderT>::PaidIn) {
         if current_liquidity == 0 {
             return;
         }
@@ -293,10 +284,13 @@ where
         });
     }
 
-    fn convert_deltas(netuid: NetUid, delta_in: TaoCurrency) -> AlphaCurrency {
+    fn convert_deltas(
+        netuid: NetUid,
+        delta_in: <AlphaForTao as OrderT>::PaidIn,
+    ) -> <AlphaForTao as OrderT>::PaidOut {
         // Skip conversion if delta_in is zero
         if delta_in.is_zero() {
-            return AlphaCurrency::ZERO;
+            return <AlphaForTao as OrderT>::PaidOut::ZERO;
         }
 
         let liquidity_curr = SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(CurrentLiquidity::<T>::get(netuid));
@@ -351,17 +345,12 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<T, Order> SwapStep<T, AlphaCurrency, TaoCurrency, Order>
-    for BasicSwapStep<T, AlphaCurrency, TaoCurrency, Order>
-where
-    T: Config,
-    Order: OrderT<AlphaCurrency, TaoCurrency>,
-{
+impl<T: Config> SwapStep<T, TaoForAlpha> for BasicSwapStep<T, TaoForAlpha> {
     fn delta_in(
         liquidity_curr: U64F64,
         sqrt_price_curr: SqrtPrice,
         sqrt_price_target: SqrtPrice,
-    ) -> AlphaCurrency {
+    ) -> <TaoForAlpha as OrderT>::PaidIn {
         let one = U64F64::saturating_from_num(1);
 
         liquidity_curr
@@ -393,7 +382,7 @@ where
     fn sqrt_price_target(
         liquidity_curr: U64F64,
         sqrt_price_curr: SqrtPrice,
-        delta_in: AlphaCurrency,
+        delta_in: <TaoForAlpha as OrderT>::PaidIn,
     ) -> SqrtPrice {
         let delta_fixed = U64F64::saturating_from_num(delta_in);
         let one = U64F64::saturating_from_num(1);
@@ -401,7 +390,7 @@ where
         // No liquidity means that price should go to the limit
         if liquidity_curr == 0 {
             return SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(
-                Pallet::<T>::min_price_inner::<AlphaCurrency>().to_u64(),
+                Pallet::<T>::min_price_inner::<<TaoForAlpha as OrderT>::PaidIn>().to_u64(),
             );
         }
 
@@ -420,7 +409,7 @@ where
         SwapStepAction::Stop
     }
 
-    fn add_fees(netuid: NetUid, current_liquidity: U64F64, fee: AlphaCurrency) {
+    fn add_fees(netuid: NetUid, current_liquidity: U64F64, fee: <TaoForAlpha as OrderT>::PaidIn) {
         if current_liquidity == 0 {
             return;
         }
@@ -432,10 +421,13 @@ where
         });
     }
 
-    fn convert_deltas(netuid: NetUid, delta_in: AlphaCurrency) -> TaoCurrency {
+    fn convert_deltas(
+        netuid: NetUid,
+        delta_in: <TaoForAlpha as OrderT>::PaidIn,
+    ) -> <TaoForAlpha as OrderT>::PaidOut {
         // Skip conversion if delta_in is zero
         if delta_in.is_zero() {
-            return TaoCurrency::ZERO;
+            return <TaoForAlpha as OrderT>::PaidOut::ZERO;
         }
 
         let liquidity_curr = SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(CurrentLiquidity::<T>::get(netuid));
@@ -500,19 +492,17 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-pub(crate) trait SwapStep<T, PaidIn, PaidOut, Order>
+pub(crate) trait SwapStep<T, Order>
 where
     T: Config,
-    PaidIn: Currency,
-    PaidOut: Currency,
-    Order: OrderT<PaidIn, PaidOut>,
+    Order: OrderT,
 {
     /// Get the input amount needed to reach the target price
     fn delta_in(
         liquidity_curr: U64F64,
         sqrt_price_curr: SqrtPrice,
         sqrt_price_target: SqrtPrice,
-    ) -> PaidIn;
+    ) -> Order::PaidIn;
 
     /// Get the tick at the current tick edge.
     ///
@@ -528,7 +518,7 @@ where
     fn sqrt_price_target(
         liquidity_curr: U64F64,
         sqrt_price_curr: SqrtPrice,
-        delta_in: PaidIn,
+        delta_in: Order::PaidIn,
     ) -> SqrtPrice;
 
     /// Returns True if sq_price1 is closer to the current price than sq_price2
@@ -541,28 +531,24 @@ where
     fn action_on_edge_sqrt_price() -> SwapStepAction;
 
     /// Add fees to the global fee counters
-    fn add_fees(netuid: NetUid, current_liquidity: U64F64, fee: PaidIn);
+    fn add_fees(netuid: NetUid, current_liquidity: U64F64, fee: Order::PaidIn);
 
     /// Convert input amount (delta_in) to output amount (delta_out)
     ///
     /// This is the core method of uniswap V3 that tells how much output token is given for an
     /// amount of input token within one price tick.
-    fn convert_deltas(netuid: NetUid, delta_in: PaidIn) -> PaidOut;
+    fn convert_deltas(netuid: NetUid, delta_in: Order::PaidIn) -> Order::PaidOut;
 
     /// Update liquidity when crossing a tick
     fn update_liquidity_at_crossing(netuid: NetUid) -> Result<(), Error<T>>;
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
-pub(crate) struct SwapStepResult<PaidIn, PaidOut>
-where
-    PaidIn: Currency,
-    PaidOut: Currency,
-{
-    pub(crate) amount_to_take: PaidIn,
-    pub(crate) fee_paid: PaidIn,
-    pub(crate) delta_in: PaidIn,
-    pub(crate) delta_out: PaidOut,
+pub(crate) struct SwapStepResult<Order: OrderT> {
+    pub(crate) amount_to_take: Order::PaidIn,
+    pub(crate) fee_paid: Order::PaidIn,
+    pub(crate) delta_in: Order::PaidIn,
+    pub(crate) delta_out: Order::PaidOut,
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
diff --git a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs
index 4c3a890c9b..848ecc5f21 100644
--- a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs
@@ -7,10 +7,11 @@ use frame_support::{assert_err, assert_noop, assert_ok};
 use sp_arithmetic::helpers_128bit;
 use sp_runtime::DispatchError;
 use substrate_fixed::types::U96F32;
-use subtensor_runtime_common::NetUid;
+use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
+use subtensor_swap_interface::BasicOrder;
 
 use super::*;
-use crate::{OrderType, SqrtPrice, mock::*};
+use crate::{SqrtPrice, mock::*};
 
 // this function is used to convert price (NON-SQRT price!) to TickIndex. it's only utility for
 // testing, all the implementation logic is based on sqrt prices
@@ -153,8 +154,8 @@ fn test_swap_initialization() {
         let netuid = NetUid::from(1);
 
         // Get reserves from the mock provider
-        let tao = MockLiquidityProvider::tao_reserve(netuid.into());
-        let alpha = MockLiquidityProvider::alpha_reserve(netuid.into());
+        let tao = TaoReserve::reserve(netuid.into());
+        let alpha = AlphaReserve::reserve(netuid.into());
 
         assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::maybe_initialize_v3(netuid));
 
@@ -630,10 +631,11 @@ fn test_modify_position_basic() {
 
             // Swap to create fees on the position
             let sqrt_limit_price = SqrtPrice::from_num((limit_price).sqrt());
-            Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(
+            let order =
+                BasicOrder::<TaoCurrency, AlphaCurrency>::with_amount((liquidity / 10).into());
+            Pallet::<Test>::do_swap::<_, _, TaoReserve, AlphaReserve, _>(
                 netuid,
-                OrderType::Buy,
-                liquidity / 10,
+                order,
                 sqrt_limit_price,
                 false,
                 false,
@@ -721,134 +723,136 @@ fn test_modify_position_basic() {
 fn test_swap_basic() {
     new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
         // Current price is 0.25
-        // Test case is (order_type, liquidity, limit_price, output_amount)
+        // Test case is (order, limit_price, output_amount)
         [
-            (OrderType::Buy, 1_000u64, 1000.0_f64, 3990_u64),
-            (OrderType::Sell, 1_000u64, 0.0001_f64, 250_u64),
-            (OrderType::Buy, 500_000_000, 1000.0, 2_000_000_000),
+            (
+                BasicOrder::<TaoCurrency, AlphaCurrency>::with_amount(1000),
+                1000.0_f64,
+                3990_u64,
+            ),
+            (
+                BasicOrder::<AlphaCurrency, TaoCurrency>::with_amount(1000),
+                0.0001_f64,
+                250_u64,
+            ),
+            (
+                BasicOrder::<TaoCurrency, AlphaCurrency>::with_amount(500_000_000),
+                1000.0,
+                2_000_000_000,
+            ),
         ]
         .into_iter()
         .enumerate()
-        .map(|(n, v)| (NetUid::from(n as u16 + 1), v.0, v.1, v.2, v.3))
-        .for_each(
-            |(netuid, order_type, liquidity, limit_price, output_amount)| {
-                // Consumed liquidity ticks
-                let tick_low = TickIndex::MIN;
-                let tick_high = TickIndex::MAX;
+        .map(|(n, v)| (NetUid::from(n as u16 + 1), v.0, v.1, v.2))
+        .for_each(|(netuid, order, limit_price, output_amount)| {
+            // Consumed liquidity ticks
+            let tick_low = TickIndex::MIN;
+            let tick_high = TickIndex::MAX;
 
-                // Setup swap
-                assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::maybe_initialize_v3(netuid));
+            // Setup swap
+            assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::maybe_initialize_v3(netuid));
 
-                // Get tick infos before the swap
-                let tick_low_info_before = Ticks::<Test>::get(netuid, tick_low).unwrap_or_default();
-                let tick_high_info_before =
-                    Ticks::<Test>::get(netuid, tick_high).unwrap_or_default();
-                let liquidity_before = CurrentLiquidity::<Test>::get(netuid);
+            // Get tick infos before the swap
+            let tick_low_info_before = Ticks::<Test>::get(netuid, tick_low).unwrap_or_default();
+            let tick_high_info_before = Ticks::<Test>::get(netuid, tick_high).unwrap_or_default();
+            let liquidity_before = CurrentLiquidity::<Test>::get(netuid);
 
-                // Get current price
-                let current_price = Pallet::<Test>::current_price(netuid);
+            // Get current price
+            let current_price = Pallet::<Test>::current_price(netuid);
 
-                // Swap
-                let sqrt_limit_price = SqrtPrice::from_num((limit_price).sqrt());
-                let swap_result = Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(
-                    netuid,
-                    order_type,
-                    liquidity,
-                    sqrt_limit_price,
-                    false,
-                    false,
-                )
-                .unwrap();
-                assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-                    swap_result.amount_paid_out,
-                    output_amount,
-                    epsilon = output_amount / 100
-                );
+            // Swap
+            let sqrt_limit_price = SqrtPrice::from_num((limit_price).sqrt());
+            let swap_result =
+                Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(netuid, order, sqrt_limit_price, false, false).unwrap();
+            assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+                swap_result.amount_paid_out,
+                output_amount,
+                epsilon = output_amount / 100
+            );
 
-                let (tao_delta_expected, alpha_delta_expected) = match order_type {
-                    OrderType::Buy => (liquidity as i64, -(output_amount as i64)),
-                    OrderType::Sell => (-(output_amount as i64), liquidity as i64),
-                };
+            let (tao_delta_expected, alpha_delta_expected) = match order_type {
+                OrderType::Buy => (liquidity as i64, -(output_amount as i64)),
+                OrderType::Sell => (-(output_amount as i64), liquidity as i64),
+            };
 
-                assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-                    swap_result.alpha_reserve_delta,
-                    alpha_delta_expected,
-                    epsilon = alpha_delta_expected.abs() / 10
-                );
-                assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-                    swap_result.tao_reserve_delta,
-                    tao_delta_expected,
-                    epsilon = tao_delta_expected.abs() / 10
-                );
+            assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+                swap_result.alpha_reserve_delta,
+                alpha_delta_expected,
+                epsilon = alpha_delta_expected.abs() / 10
+            );
+            assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+                swap_result.tao_reserve_delta,
+                tao_delta_expected,
+                epsilon = tao_delta_expected.abs() / 10
+            );
 
-                // Check that low and high ticks' fees were updated properly, and liquidity values were not updated
-                let tick_low_info = Ticks::<Test>::get(netuid, tick_low).unwrap();
-                let tick_high_info = Ticks::<Test>::get(netuid, tick_high).unwrap();
-                let expected_liquidity_net_low = tick_low_info_before.liquidity_net;
-                let expected_liquidity_gross_low = tick_low_info_before.liquidity_gross;
-                let expected_liquidity_net_high = tick_high_info_before.liquidity_net;
-                let expected_liquidity_gross_high = tick_high_info_before.liquidity_gross;
-                assert_eq!(tick_low_info.liquidity_net, expected_liquidity_net_low,);
-                assert_eq!(tick_low_info.liquidity_gross, expected_liquidity_gross_low,);
-                assert_eq!(tick_high_info.liquidity_net, expected_liquidity_net_high,);
-                assert_eq!(
-                    tick_high_info.liquidity_gross,
-                    expected_liquidity_gross_high,
-                );
+            // Check that low and high ticks' fees were updated properly, and liquidity values were not updated
+            let tick_low_info = Ticks::<Test>::get(netuid, tick_low).unwrap();
+            let tick_high_info = Ticks::<Test>::get(netuid, tick_high).unwrap();
+            let expected_liquidity_net_low = tick_low_info_before.liquidity_net;
+            let expected_liquidity_gross_low = tick_low_info_before.liquidity_gross;
+            let expected_liquidity_net_high = tick_high_info_before.liquidity_net;
+            let expected_liquidity_gross_high = tick_high_info_before.liquidity_gross;
+            assert_eq!(tick_low_info.liquidity_net, expected_liquidity_net_low,);
+            assert_eq!(tick_low_info.liquidity_gross, expected_liquidity_gross_low,);
+            assert_eq!(tick_high_info.liquidity_net, expected_liquidity_net_high,);
+            assert_eq!(
+                tick_high_info.liquidity_gross,
+                expected_liquidity_gross_high,
+            );
 
-                // Expected fee amount
-                let fee_rate = FeeRate::<Test>::get(netuid) as f64 / u16::MAX as f64;
-                let expected_fee = (liquidity as f64 * fee_rate) as u64;
+            // Expected fee amount
+            let fee_rate = FeeRate::<Test>::get(netuid) as f64 / u16::MAX as f64;
+            let expected_fee = (liquidity as f64 * fee_rate) as u64;
 
-                // Global fees should be updated
-                let actual_global_fee = ((match order_type {
-                    OrderType::Buy => FeeGlobalTao::<Test>::get(netuid),
-                    OrderType::Sell => FeeGlobalAlpha::<Test>::get(netuid),
-                })
-                .to_num::<f64>()
-                    * (liquidity_before as f64)) as u64;
+            // Global fees should be updated
+            let actual_global_fee = ((match order_type {
+                OrderType::Buy => FeeGlobalTao::<Test>::get(netuid),
+                OrderType::Sell => FeeGlobalAlpha::<Test>::get(netuid),
+            })
+            .to_num::<f64>()
+                * (liquidity_before as f64)) as u64;
 
-                assert!((swap_result.fee_paid as i64 - expected_fee as i64).abs() <= 1);
-                assert!((actual_global_fee as i64 - expected_fee as i64).abs() <= 1);
+            assert!((swap_result.fee_paid as i64 - expected_fee as i64).abs() <= 1);
+            assert!((actual_global_fee as i64 - expected_fee as i64).abs() <= 1);
 
-                // Tick fees should be updated
+            // Tick fees should be updated
 
-                // Liquidity position should not be updated
-                let protocol_id = Pallet::<Test>::protocol_account_id();
-                let positions = Positions::<Test>::iter_prefix_values((netuid, protocol_id))
-                    .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-                let position = positions.first().unwrap();
+            // Liquidity position should not be updated
+            let protocol_id = Pallet::<Test>::protocol_account_id();
+            let positions =
+                Positions::<Test>::iter_prefix_values((netuid, protocol_id)).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+            let position = positions.first().unwrap();
 
-                assert_eq!(
-                    position.liquidity,
-                    helpers_128bit::sqrt(
-                        MockLiquidityProvider::tao_reserve(netuid.into()).to_u64() as u128
-                            * MockLiquidityProvider::alpha_reserve(netuid.into()).to_u64() as u128
-                    ) as u64
-                );
-                assert_eq!(position.tick_low, tick_low);
-                assert_eq!(position.tick_high, tick_high);
-                assert_eq!(position.fees_alpha, 0);
-                assert_eq!(position.fees_tao, 0);
+            assert_eq!(
+                position.liquidity,
+                helpers_128bit::sqrt(
+                    MockLiquidityProvider::tao_reserve(netuid.into()).to_u64() as u128
+                        * MockLiquidityProvider::alpha_reserve(netuid.into()).to_u64() as u128
+                ) as u64
+            );
+            assert_eq!(position.tick_low, tick_low);
+            assert_eq!(position.tick_high, tick_high);
+            assert_eq!(position.fees_alpha, 0);
+            assert_eq!(position.fees_tao, 0);
 
-                // Current liquidity is not updated
-                assert_eq!(CurrentLiquidity::<Test>::get(netuid), liquidity_before);
+            // Current liquidity is not updated
+            assert_eq!(CurrentLiquidity::<Test>::get(netuid), liquidity_before);
 
-                // Assert that price movement is in correct direction
-                let sqrt_current_price_after = Pallet::<Test>::current_price_sqrt(netuid);
-                let current_price_after = Pallet::<Test>::current_price(netuid);
-                match order_type {
-                    OrderType::Buy => assert!(current_price_after >= current_price),
-                    OrderType::Sell => assert!(current_price_after <= current_price),
-                }
+            // Assert that price movement is in correct direction
+            let sqrt_current_price_after = Pallet::<Test>::current_price_sqrt(netuid);
+            let current_price_after = Pallet::<Test>::current_price(netuid);
+            match order_type {
+                OrderType::Buy => assert!(current_price_after >= current_price),
+                OrderType::Sell => assert!(current_price_after <= current_price),
+            }
 
-                // Assert that current tick is updated
-                let current_tick = CurrentTick::<Test>::get(netuid);
-                let expected_current_tick =
-                    TickIndex::from_sqrt_price_bounded(sqrt_current_price_after);
-                assert_eq!(current_tick, expected_current_tick);
-            },
-        );
+            // Assert that current tick is updated
+            let current_tick = CurrentTick::<Test>::get(netuid);
+            let expected_current_tick =
+                TickIndex::from_sqrt_price_bounded(sqrt_current_price_after);
+            assert_eq!(current_tick, expected_current_tick);
+        });
     });
 }
 

From 55c1b1d92a827fee0174ab06ce98f05118576663 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 18 Sep 2025 17:50:09 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 037/218] Simplify tests

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs |  7 ---
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs   | 55 ++++++++++-----------
 2 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 36 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
index 2e19193e90..23d378fe80 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
@@ -50,13 +50,6 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             .checked_div(total)
             .unwrap_or(I96F32::saturating_from_num(0.0));
 
-        log::debug!(
-            "Increasing root claimable by {} with {} divided by {}",
-            increment,
-            amount,
-            total
-        );
-
         // Increment claimable for this subnet.
         RootClaimable::<T>::mutate(hotkey, netuid, |total| {
             *total = total.saturating_add(increment);
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
index 047b6d14f0..4836268962 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
@@ -56,45 +56,41 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_drain_emissions() {
 
         // Distribute pending root alpha
 
-        let pending_root_alpha = AlphaCurrency::from(10_000_000);
+        let pending_root_alpha = 10_000_000u64;
         SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
             netuid,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
-            pending_root_alpha,
+            pending_root_alpha.into(),
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
 
         // Check new validator stake
-        let validator_take_percent = I96F32::from(18u64) / I96F32::from(100u64);
+        let validator_take_percent = 0.18f64;
 
         let new_validator_stake = SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
             &hotkey,
             &owner_coldkey,
             netuid,
         );
-        let calculated_validator_stake = I96F32::from(u64::from(pending_root_alpha))
-            * I96F32::from(initial_total_hotkey_alpha)
-            * validator_take_percent
-            / I96F32::from(u64::from(initial_total_hotkey_alpha))
-            + I96F32::from(initial_total_hotkey_alpha);
+        let calculated_validator_stake = (pending_root_alpha as f64) * validator_take_percent
+            + (initial_total_hotkey_alpha as f64);
 
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(
             u64::from(new_validator_stake),
-            calculated_validator_stake.saturating_to_num::<u64>(),
+            calculated_validator_stake as u64,
             epsilon = 100u64,
         );
 
         // Check claimable
 
         let claimable = RootClaimable::<Test>::get(hotkey, netuid);
-        let calculated_rate = (I96F32::from(u64::from(pending_root_alpha))
-            * (I96F32::from(1u64) - validator_take_percent))
-            / I96F32::from(u64::from(TotalHotkeyAlpha::<Test>::get(hotkey, netuid)));
+        let calculated_rate = (pending_root_alpha as f64) * (1f64 - validator_take_percent)
+            / (u64::from(TotalHotkeyAlpha::<Test>::get(hotkey, netuid)) as f64);
 
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-            (claimable * I96F32::from(1000u64)).saturating_to_num::<u64>(),
-            (calculated_rate * I96F32::from(1000u64)).saturating_to_num::<u64>(),
-            epsilon = 10u64,
+            claimable.saturating_to_num::<f64>(),
+            calculated_rate,
+            epsilon = 0.001f64,
         );
 
         // Claim root alpha
@@ -107,11 +103,12 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_drain_emissions() {
 
         assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),));
 
-        let new_stake =
-            SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid);
+        let new_stake: u64 =
+            SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid)
+                .into();
 
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-            u64::from(new_stake),
+            new_stake,
             (I96F32::from(root_stake) * claimable).saturating_to_num::<u64>(),
             epsilon = 10u64,
         );
@@ -119,36 +116,36 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_drain_emissions() {
         // Check root claimed value saved
 
         let claimed = RootClaimed::<Test>::get((&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid));
-        assert_eq!(u128::from(u64::from(new_stake)), claimed);
+        assert_eq!(u128::from(new_stake), claimed);
 
         // Distribute pending root alpha (round 2)
 
         SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
             netuid,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
-            pending_root_alpha,
+            pending_root_alpha.into(),
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
 
         // Check claimable (round 2)
 
         let claimable2 = RootClaimable::<Test>::get(hotkey, netuid);
-        let calculated_rate = (I96F32::from(u64::from(pending_root_alpha))
-            * (I96F32::from(1u64) - validator_take_percent))
-            / I96F32::from(u64::from(TotalHotkeyAlpha::<Test>::get(hotkey, netuid)));
+        let calculated_rate = (pending_root_alpha as f64) * (1f64 - validator_take_percent)
+            / (u64::from(TotalHotkeyAlpha::<Test>::get(hotkey, netuid)) as f64);
 
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-            (claimable2 * I96F32::from(1000u64)).saturating_to_num::<u64>(),
-            ((calculated_rate + claimable) * I96F32::from(1000u64)).saturating_to_num::<u64>(),
-            epsilon = 10u64,
+            claimable2.saturating_to_num::<f64>(),
+            calculated_rate + claimable.saturating_to_num::<f64>(),
+            epsilon = 0.001f64,
         );
 
         assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),));
 
-        let new_stake2 =
-            SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid);
+        let new_stake2: u64 =
+            SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid)
+                .into();
         let calculated_new_stake2 =
-            (I96F32::from(u64::from(root_stake)) * claimable2).saturating_to_num::<u64>();
+            (I96F32::from(root_stake) * claimable2).saturating_to_num::<u64>();
 
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(
             u64::from(new_stake2),

From f34603bdb88501f997b5e209b38fe389bcf484cc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aliaksandr Tsurko <ales@opentensor.dev>
Date: Thu, 18 Sep 2025 17:57:37 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 038/218] Restore swap tests

---
 pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs | 862 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 742 insertions(+), 120 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs
index 848ecc5f21..dc7f08baa8 100644
--- a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs
@@ -7,11 +7,10 @@ use frame_support::{assert_err, assert_noop, assert_ok};
 use sp_arithmetic::helpers_128bit;
 use sp_runtime::DispatchError;
 use substrate_fixed::types::U96F32;
-use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::BasicOrder;
+use subtensor_runtime_common::NetUid;
 
 use super::*;
-use crate::{SqrtPrice, mock::*};
+use crate::{OrderType, SqrtPrice, mock::*};
 
 // this function is used to convert price (NON-SQRT price!) to TickIndex. it's only utility for
 // testing, all the implementation logic is based on sqrt prices
@@ -142,7 +141,7 @@ mod dispatchables {
                     NON_EXISTENT_NETUID.into(),
                     true
                 ),
-                Error::<Test>::SubNetworkDoesNotExist
+                Error::<Test>::MechanismDoesNotExist
             );
         });
     }
@@ -154,8 +153,8 @@ fn test_swap_initialization() {
         let netuid = NetUid::from(1);
 
         // Get reserves from the mock provider
-        let tao = TaoReserve::reserve(netuid.into());
-        let alpha = AlphaReserve::reserve(netuid.into());
+        let tao = MockLiquidityProvider::tao_reserve(netuid.into());
+        let alpha = MockLiquidityProvider::alpha_reserve(netuid.into());
 
         assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::maybe_initialize_v3(netuid));
 
@@ -343,6 +342,40 @@ fn test_add_liquidity_basic() {
     });
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn test_add_liquidity_max_limit_enforced() {
+    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
+        let netuid = NetUid::from(1);
+        let liquidity = 2_000_000_000_u64;
+        assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::maybe_initialize_v3(netuid));
+
+        let limit = MaxPositions::get() as usize;
+
+        for _ in 0..limit {
+            Pallet::<Test>::do_add_liquidity(
+                netuid,
+                &OK_COLDKEY_ACCOUNT_ID,
+                &OK_HOTKEY_ACCOUNT_ID,
+                TickIndex::MIN,
+                TickIndex::MAX,
+                liquidity,
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+        }
+
+        let test_result = Pallet::<Test>::do_add_liquidity(
+            netuid,
+            &OK_COLDKEY_ACCOUNT_ID,
+            &OK_HOTKEY_ACCOUNT_ID,
+            TickIndex::MIN,
+            TickIndex::MAX,
+            liquidity,
+        );
+
+        assert_err!(test_result, Error::<Test>::MaxPositionsExceeded);
+    });
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn test_add_liquidity_out_of_bounds() {
     new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
@@ -631,11 +664,10 @@ fn test_modify_position_basic() {
 
             // Swap to create fees on the position
             let sqrt_limit_price = SqrtPrice::from_num((limit_price).sqrt());
-            let order =
-                BasicOrder::<TaoCurrency, AlphaCurrency>::with_amount((liquidity / 10).into());
-            Pallet::<Test>::do_swap::<_, _, TaoReserve, AlphaReserve, _>(
+            Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(
                 netuid,
-                order,
+                OrderType::Buy,
+                liquidity / 10,
                 sqrt_limit_price,
                 false,
                 false,
@@ -723,136 +755,134 @@ fn test_modify_position_basic() {
 fn test_swap_basic() {
     new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
         // Current price is 0.25
-        // Test case is (order, limit_price, output_amount)
+        // Test case is (order_type, liquidity, limit_price, output_amount)
         [
-            (
-                BasicOrder::<TaoCurrency, AlphaCurrency>::with_amount(1000),
-                1000.0_f64,
-                3990_u64,
-            ),
-            (
-                BasicOrder::<AlphaCurrency, TaoCurrency>::with_amount(1000),
-                0.0001_f64,
-                250_u64,
-            ),
-            (
-                BasicOrder::<TaoCurrency, AlphaCurrency>::with_amount(500_000_000),
-                1000.0,
-                2_000_000_000,
-            ),
+            (OrderType::Buy, 1_000u64, 1000.0_f64, 3990_u64),
+            (OrderType::Sell, 1_000u64, 0.0001_f64, 250_u64),
+            (OrderType::Buy, 500_000_000, 1000.0, 2_000_000_000),
         ]
         .into_iter()
         .enumerate()
-        .map(|(n, v)| (NetUid::from(n as u16 + 1), v.0, v.1, v.2))
-        .for_each(|(netuid, order, limit_price, output_amount)| {
-            // Consumed liquidity ticks
-            let tick_low = TickIndex::MIN;
-            let tick_high = TickIndex::MAX;
+        .map(|(n, v)| (NetUid::from(n as u16 + 1), v.0, v.1, v.2, v.3))
+        .for_each(
+            |(netuid, order_type, liquidity, limit_price, output_amount)| {
+                // Consumed liquidity ticks
+                let tick_low = TickIndex::MIN;
+                let tick_high = TickIndex::MAX;
 
-            // Setup swap
-            assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::maybe_initialize_v3(netuid));
+                // Setup swap
+                assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::maybe_initialize_v3(netuid));
 
-            // Get tick infos before the swap
-            let tick_low_info_before = Ticks::<Test>::get(netuid, tick_low).unwrap_or_default();
-            let tick_high_info_before = Ticks::<Test>::get(netuid, tick_high).unwrap_or_default();
-            let liquidity_before = CurrentLiquidity::<Test>::get(netuid);
+                // Get tick infos before the swap
+                let tick_low_info_before = Ticks::<Test>::get(netuid, tick_low).unwrap_or_default();
+                let tick_high_info_before =
+                    Ticks::<Test>::get(netuid, tick_high).unwrap_or_default();
+                let liquidity_before = CurrentLiquidity::<Test>::get(netuid);
 
-            // Get current price
-            let current_price = Pallet::<Test>::current_price(netuid);
+                // Get current price
+                let current_price = Pallet::<Test>::current_price(netuid);
 
-            // Swap
-            let sqrt_limit_price = SqrtPrice::from_num((limit_price).sqrt());
-            let swap_result =
-                Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(netuid, order, sqrt_limit_price, false, false).unwrap();
-            assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-                swap_result.amount_paid_out,
-                output_amount,
-                epsilon = output_amount / 100
-            );
+                // Swap
+                let sqrt_limit_price = SqrtPrice::from_num((limit_price).sqrt());
+                let swap_result = Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(
+                    netuid,
+                    order_type,
+                    liquidity,
+                    sqrt_limit_price,
+                    false,
+                    false,
+                )
+                .unwrap();
+                assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+                    swap_result.amount_paid_out,
+                    output_amount,
+                    epsilon = output_amount / 100
+                );
 
-            let (tao_delta_expected, alpha_delta_expected) = match order_type {
-                OrderType::Buy => (liquidity as i64, -(output_amount as i64)),
-                OrderType::Sell => (-(output_amount as i64), liquidity as i64),
-            };
+                let (tao_delta_expected, alpha_delta_expected) = match order_type {
+                    OrderType::Buy => (liquidity as i64, -(output_amount as i64)),
+                    OrderType::Sell => (-(output_amount as i64), liquidity as i64),
+                };
 
-            assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-                swap_result.alpha_reserve_delta,
-                alpha_delta_expected,
-                epsilon = alpha_delta_expected.abs() / 10
-            );
-            assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-                swap_result.tao_reserve_delta,
-                tao_delta_expected,
-                epsilon = tao_delta_expected.abs() / 10
-            );
+                assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+                    swap_result.alpha_reserve_delta,
+                    alpha_delta_expected,
+                    epsilon = alpha_delta_expected.abs() / 10
+                );
+                assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+                    swap_result.tao_reserve_delta,
+                    tao_delta_expected,
+                    epsilon = tao_delta_expected.abs() / 10
+                );
 
-            // Check that low and high ticks' fees were updated properly, and liquidity values were not updated
-            let tick_low_info = Ticks::<Test>::get(netuid, tick_low).unwrap();
-            let tick_high_info = Ticks::<Test>::get(netuid, tick_high).unwrap();
-            let expected_liquidity_net_low = tick_low_info_before.liquidity_net;
-            let expected_liquidity_gross_low = tick_low_info_before.liquidity_gross;
-            let expected_liquidity_net_high = tick_high_info_before.liquidity_net;
-            let expected_liquidity_gross_high = tick_high_info_before.liquidity_gross;
-            assert_eq!(tick_low_info.liquidity_net, expected_liquidity_net_low,);
-            assert_eq!(tick_low_info.liquidity_gross, expected_liquidity_gross_low,);
-            assert_eq!(tick_high_info.liquidity_net, expected_liquidity_net_high,);
-            assert_eq!(
-                tick_high_info.liquidity_gross,
-                expected_liquidity_gross_high,
-            );
+                // Check that low and high ticks' fees were updated properly, and liquidity values were not updated
+                let tick_low_info = Ticks::<Test>::get(netuid, tick_low).unwrap();
+                let tick_high_info = Ticks::<Test>::get(netuid, tick_high).unwrap();
+                let expected_liquidity_net_low = tick_low_info_before.liquidity_net;
+                let expected_liquidity_gross_low = tick_low_info_before.liquidity_gross;
+                let expected_liquidity_net_high = tick_high_info_before.liquidity_net;
+                let expected_liquidity_gross_high = tick_high_info_before.liquidity_gross;
+                assert_eq!(tick_low_info.liquidity_net, expected_liquidity_net_low,);
+                assert_eq!(tick_low_info.liquidity_gross, expected_liquidity_gross_low,);
+                assert_eq!(tick_high_info.liquidity_net, expected_liquidity_net_high,);
+                assert_eq!(
+                    tick_high_info.liquidity_gross,
+                    expected_liquidity_gross_high,
+                );
 
-            // Expected fee amount
-            let fee_rate = FeeRate::<Test>::get(netuid) as f64 / u16::MAX as f64;
-            let expected_fee = (liquidity as f64 * fee_rate) as u64;
+                // Expected fee amount
+                let fee_rate = FeeRate::<Test>::get(netuid) as f64 / u16::MAX as f64;
+                let expected_fee = (liquidity as f64 * fee_rate) as u64;
 
-            // Global fees should be updated
-            let actual_global_fee = ((match order_type {
-                OrderType::Buy => FeeGlobalTao::<Test>::get(netuid),
-                OrderType::Sell => FeeGlobalAlpha::<Test>::get(netuid),
-            })
-            .to_num::<f64>()
-                * (liquidity_before as f64)) as u64;
+                // Global fees should be updated
+                let actual_global_fee = ((match order_type {
+                    OrderType::Buy => FeeGlobalTao::<Test>::get(netuid),
+                    OrderType::Sell => FeeGlobalAlpha::<Test>::get(netuid),
+                })
+                .to_num::<f64>()
+                    * (liquidity_before as f64)) as u64;
 
-            assert!((swap_result.fee_paid as i64 - expected_fee as i64).abs() <= 1);
-            assert!((actual_global_fee as i64 - expected_fee as i64).abs() <= 1);
+                assert!((swap_result.fee_paid as i64 - expected_fee as i64).abs() <= 1);
+                assert!((actual_global_fee as i64 - expected_fee as i64).abs() <= 1);
 
-            // Tick fees should be updated
+                // Tick fees should be updated
 
-            // Liquidity position should not be updated
-            let protocol_id = Pallet::<Test>::protocol_account_id();
-            let positions =
-                Positions::<Test>::iter_prefix_values((netuid, protocol_id)).collect::<Vec<_>>();
-            let position = positions.first().unwrap();
+                // Liquidity position should not be updated
+                let protocol_id = Pallet::<Test>::protocol_account_id();
+                let positions = Positions::<Test>::iter_prefix_values((netuid, protocol_id))
+                    .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+                let position = positions.first().unwrap();
 
-            assert_eq!(
-                position.liquidity,
-                helpers_128bit::sqrt(
-                    MockLiquidityProvider::tao_reserve(netuid.into()).to_u64() as u128
-                        * MockLiquidityProvider::alpha_reserve(netuid.into()).to_u64() as u128
-                ) as u64
-            );
-            assert_eq!(position.tick_low, tick_low);
-            assert_eq!(position.tick_high, tick_high);
-            assert_eq!(position.fees_alpha, 0);
-            assert_eq!(position.fees_tao, 0);
+                assert_eq!(
+                    position.liquidity,
+                    helpers_128bit::sqrt(
+                        MockLiquidityProvider::tao_reserve(netuid.into()).to_u64() as u128
+                            * MockLiquidityProvider::alpha_reserve(netuid.into()).to_u64() as u128
+                    ) as u64
+                );
+                assert_eq!(position.tick_low, tick_low);
+                assert_eq!(position.tick_high, tick_high);
+                assert_eq!(position.fees_alpha, 0);
+                assert_eq!(position.fees_tao, 0);
 
-            // Current liquidity is not updated
-            assert_eq!(CurrentLiquidity::<Test>::get(netuid), liquidity_before);
+                // Current liquidity is not updated
+                assert_eq!(CurrentLiquidity::<Test>::get(netuid), liquidity_before);
 
-            // Assert that price movement is in correct direction
-            let sqrt_current_price_after = Pallet::<Test>::current_price_sqrt(netuid);
-            let current_price_after = Pallet::<Test>::current_price(netuid);
-            match order_type {
-                OrderType::Buy => assert!(current_price_after >= current_price),
-                OrderType::Sell => assert!(current_price_after <= current_price),
-            }
+                // Assert that price movement is in correct direction
+                let sqrt_current_price_after = Pallet::<Test>::current_price_sqrt(netuid);
+                let current_price_after = Pallet::<Test>::current_price(netuid);
+                match order_type {
+                    OrderType::Buy => assert!(current_price_after >= current_price),
+                    OrderType::Sell => assert!(current_price_after <= current_price),
+                }
 
-            // Assert that current tick is updated
-            let current_tick = CurrentTick::<Test>::get(netuid);
-            let expected_current_tick =
-                TickIndex::from_sqrt_price_bounded(sqrt_current_price_after);
-            assert_eq!(current_tick, expected_current_tick);
-        });
+                // Assert that current tick is updated
+                let current_tick = CurrentTick::<Test>::get(netuid);
+                let expected_current_tick =
+                    TickIndex::from_sqrt_price_bounded(sqrt_current_price_after);
+                assert_eq!(current_tick, expected_current_tick);
+            },
+        );
     });
 }
 
@@ -1914,3 +1944,595 @@ fn test_less_price_movement() {
         });
     });
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn test_swap_subtoken_disabled() {
+    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
+        let netuid = NetUid::from(SUBTOKEN_DISABLED_NETUID); // Use a netuid not used elsewhere
+        let price_low = 0.1;
+        let price_high = 0.2;
+        let tick_low = price_to_tick(price_low);
+        let tick_high = price_to_tick(price_high);
+        let liquidity = 1_000_000_u64;
+
+        assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::maybe_initialize_v3(netuid));
+
+        assert_noop!(
+            Pallet::<Test>::add_liquidity(
+                RuntimeOrigin::signed(OK_COLDKEY_ACCOUNT_ID),
+                OK_HOTKEY_ACCOUNT_ID,
+                netuid,
+                tick_low,
+                tick_high,
+                liquidity,
+            ),
+            Error::<Test>::SubtokenDisabled
+        );
+
+        assert_noop!(
+            Pallet::<Test>::modify_position(
+                RuntimeOrigin::signed(OK_COLDKEY_ACCOUNT_ID),
+                OK_HOTKEY_ACCOUNT_ID,
+                netuid,
+                PositionId::from(0),
+                liquidity as i64,
+            ),
+            Error::<Test>::SubtokenDisabled
+        );
+    });
+}
+
+/// V3 path: protocol + user positions exist, fees accrued, everything must be removed.
+#[test]
+fn test_liquidate_v3_removes_positions_ticks_and_state() {
+    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
+        let netuid = NetUid::from(1);
+
+        // Initialize V3 (creates protocol position, ticks, price, liquidity)
+        assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::maybe_initialize_v3(netuid));
+        assert!(SwapV3Initialized::<Test>::get(netuid));
+
+        // Enable user LP (mock usually enables for 0..=100, but be explicit and consistent)
+        assert_ok!(Swap::toggle_user_liquidity(
+            RuntimeOrigin::root(),
+            netuid.into(),
+            true
+        ));
+
+        // Add a user position across the full range to ensure ticks/bitmap are populated.
+        let min_price = tick_to_price(TickIndex::MIN);
+        let max_price = tick_to_price(TickIndex::MAX);
+        let tick_low = price_to_tick(min_price);
+        let tick_high = price_to_tick(max_price);
+        let liquidity = 2_000_000_000_u64;
+
+        let (_pos_id, _tao, _alpha) = Pallet::<Test>::do_add_liquidity(
+            netuid,
+            &OK_COLDKEY_ACCOUNT_ID,
+            &OK_HOTKEY_ACCOUNT_ID,
+            tick_low,
+            tick_high,
+            liquidity,
+        )
+        .expect("add liquidity");
+
+        // Accrue some global fees so we can verify fee storage is cleared later.
+        let sqrt_limit_price = SqrtPrice::from_num(1_000_000.0);
+        assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(
+            netuid,
+            OrderType::Buy,
+            1_000_000,
+            sqrt_limit_price,
+            false,
+            false
+        ));
+
+        // Sanity: protocol & user positions exist, ticks exist, liquidity > 0
+        let protocol_id = Pallet::<Test>::protocol_account_id();
+        let prot_positions =
+            Positions::<Test>::iter_prefix_values((netuid, protocol_id)).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        assert!(!prot_positions.is_empty());
+
+        let user_positions = Positions::<Test>::iter_prefix_values((netuid, OK_COLDKEY_ACCOUNT_ID))
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        assert_eq!(user_positions.len(), 1);
+
+        assert!(Ticks::<Test>::get(netuid, TickIndex::MIN).is_some());
+        assert!(Ticks::<Test>::get(netuid, TickIndex::MAX).is_some());
+        assert!(CurrentLiquidity::<Test>::get(netuid) > 0);
+
+        // There should be some bitmap words (active ticks) after adding a position.
+        let had_bitmap_words = TickIndexBitmapWords::<Test>::iter_prefix((netuid,))
+            .next()
+            .is_some();
+        assert!(had_bitmap_words);
+
+        // ACT: Liquidate & reset swap state
+        assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::do_dissolve_all_liquidity_providers(netuid));
+
+        // ASSERT: positions cleared (both user and protocol)
+        assert_eq!(
+            Pallet::<Test>::count_positions(netuid, &OK_COLDKEY_ACCOUNT_ID),
+            0
+        );
+        let prot_positions_after =
+            Positions::<Test>::iter_prefix_values((netuid, protocol_id)).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        assert!(prot_positions_after.is_empty());
+        let user_positions_after =
+            Positions::<Test>::iter_prefix_values((netuid, OK_COLDKEY_ACCOUNT_ID))
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        assert!(user_positions_after.is_empty());
+
+        // ASSERT: ticks cleared
+        assert!(Ticks::<Test>::iter_prefix(netuid).next().is_none());
+        assert!(Ticks::<Test>::get(netuid, TickIndex::MIN).is_none());
+        assert!(Ticks::<Test>::get(netuid, TickIndex::MAX).is_none());
+
+        // ASSERT: fee globals cleared
+        assert!(!FeeGlobalTao::<Test>::contains_key(netuid));
+        assert!(!FeeGlobalAlpha::<Test>::contains_key(netuid));
+
+        // ASSERT: price/tick/liquidity flags cleared
+        assert!(!AlphaSqrtPrice::<Test>::contains_key(netuid));
+        assert!(!CurrentTick::<Test>::contains_key(netuid));
+        assert!(!CurrentLiquidity::<Test>::contains_key(netuid));
+        assert!(!SwapV3Initialized::<Test>::contains_key(netuid));
+
+        // ASSERT: active tick bitmap cleared
+        assert!(
+            TickIndexBitmapWords::<Test>::iter_prefix((netuid,))
+                .next()
+                .is_none()
+        );
+
+        // ASSERT: knobs removed on dereg
+        assert!(!FeeRate::<Test>::contains_key(netuid));
+        assert!(!EnabledUserLiquidity::<Test>::contains_key(netuid));
+    });
+}
+
+/// V3 path with user liquidity disabled at teardown: must still remove all positions and clear state.
+#[test]
+fn test_liquidate_v3_with_user_liquidity_disabled() {
+    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
+        // Pick a netuid the mock treats as "disabled" by default (per your comment >100),
+        // then explicitly walk through enable -> add -> disable -> liquidate.
+        let netuid = NetUid::from(101);
+
+        assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::maybe_initialize_v3(netuid));
+        assert!(SwapV3Initialized::<Test>::get(netuid));
+
+        // Enable temporarily to add a user position
+        assert_ok!(Swap::toggle_user_liquidity(
+            RuntimeOrigin::root(),
+            netuid.into(),
+            true
+        ));
+
+        let min_price = tick_to_price(TickIndex::MIN);
+        let max_price = tick_to_price(TickIndex::MAX);
+        let tick_low = price_to_tick(min_price);
+        let tick_high = price_to_tick(max_price);
+        let liquidity = 1_000_000_000_u64;
+
+        let (_pos_id, _tao, _alpha) = Pallet::<Test>::do_add_liquidity(
+            netuid,
+            &OK_COLDKEY_ACCOUNT_ID,
+            &OK_HOTKEY_ACCOUNT_ID,
+            tick_low,
+            tick_high,
+            liquidity,
+        )
+        .expect("add liquidity");
+
+        // Disable user LP *before* liquidation to validate that removal ignores this flag.
+        assert_ok!(Swap::toggle_user_liquidity(
+            RuntimeOrigin::root(),
+            netuid.into(),
+            false
+        ));
+
+        // ACT
+        assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::do_dissolve_all_liquidity_providers(netuid));
+
+        // ASSERT: positions & ticks gone, state reset
+        assert_eq!(
+            Pallet::<Test>::count_positions(netuid, &OK_COLDKEY_ACCOUNT_ID),
+            0
+        );
+        assert!(
+            Positions::<Test>::iter_prefix_values((netuid, OK_COLDKEY_ACCOUNT_ID))
+                .next()
+                .is_none()
+        );
+        assert!(Ticks::<Test>::iter_prefix(netuid).next().is_none());
+        assert!(
+            TickIndexBitmapWords::<Test>::iter_prefix((netuid,))
+                .next()
+                .is_none()
+        );
+        assert!(!SwapV3Initialized::<Test>::contains_key(netuid));
+        assert!(!AlphaSqrtPrice::<Test>::contains_key(netuid));
+        assert!(!CurrentTick::<Test>::contains_key(netuid));
+        assert!(!CurrentLiquidity::<Test>::contains_key(netuid));
+        assert!(!FeeGlobalTao::<Test>::contains_key(netuid));
+        assert!(!FeeGlobalAlpha::<Test>::contains_key(netuid));
+
+        // `EnabledUserLiquidity` is removed by liquidation.
+        assert!(!EnabledUserLiquidity::<Test>::contains_key(netuid));
+    });
+}
+
+/// Non‑V3 path: V3 not initialized (no positions); function must still clear any residual storages and succeed.
+#[test]
+fn test_liquidate_non_v3_uninitialized_ok_and_clears() {
+    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
+        let netuid = NetUid::from(202);
+
+        // Sanity: V3 is not initialized
+        assert!(!SwapV3Initialized::<Test>::get(netuid));
+        assert!(
+            Positions::<Test>::iter_prefix_values((netuid, OK_COLDKEY_ACCOUNT_ID))
+                .next()
+                .is_none()
+        );
+
+        // ACT
+        assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::do_dissolve_all_liquidity_providers(netuid));
+
+        // ASSERT: Defensive clears leave no residues and do not panic
+        assert!(
+            Positions::<Test>::iter_prefix_values((netuid, OK_COLDKEY_ACCOUNT_ID))
+                .next()
+                .is_none()
+        );
+        assert!(Ticks::<Test>::iter_prefix(netuid).next().is_none());
+        assert!(
+            TickIndexBitmapWords::<Test>::iter_prefix((netuid,))
+                .next()
+                .is_none()
+        );
+
+        // All single-key maps should not have the key after liquidation
+        assert!(!FeeGlobalTao::<Test>::contains_key(netuid));
+        assert!(!FeeGlobalAlpha::<Test>::contains_key(netuid));
+        assert!(!CurrentLiquidity::<Test>::contains_key(netuid));
+        assert!(!CurrentTick::<Test>::contains_key(netuid));
+        assert!(!AlphaSqrtPrice::<Test>::contains_key(netuid));
+        assert!(!SwapV3Initialized::<Test>::contains_key(netuid));
+        assert!(!FeeRate::<Test>::contains_key(netuid));
+        assert!(!EnabledUserLiquidity::<Test>::contains_key(netuid));
+    });
+}
+
+/// Idempotency: calling liquidation twice is safe (both V3 and non‑V3 flavors).
+#[test]
+fn test_liquidate_idempotent() {
+    // V3 flavor
+    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
+        let netuid = NetUid::from(7);
+        assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::maybe_initialize_v3(netuid));
+
+        // Add a small user position
+        assert_ok!(Swap::toggle_user_liquidity(
+            RuntimeOrigin::root(),
+            netuid.into(),
+            true
+        ));
+        let tick_low = price_to_tick(0.2);
+        let tick_high = price_to_tick(0.3);
+        assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::do_add_liquidity(
+            netuid,
+            &OK_COLDKEY_ACCOUNT_ID,
+            &OK_HOTKEY_ACCOUNT_ID,
+            tick_low,
+            tick_high,
+            123_456_789
+        ));
+
+        // 1st liquidation
+        assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::do_dissolve_all_liquidity_providers(netuid));
+        // 2nd liquidation (no state left) — must still succeed
+        assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::do_dissolve_all_liquidity_providers(netuid));
+
+        // State remains empty
+        assert!(
+            Positions::<Test>::iter_prefix_values((netuid, OK_COLDKEY_ACCOUNT_ID))
+                .next()
+                .is_none()
+        );
+        assert!(Ticks::<Test>::iter_prefix(netuid).next().is_none());
+        assert!(
+            TickIndexBitmapWords::<Test>::iter_prefix((netuid,))
+                .next()
+                .is_none()
+        );
+        assert!(!SwapV3Initialized::<Test>::contains_key(netuid));
+    });
+
+    // Non‑V3 flavor
+    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
+        let netuid = NetUid::from(8);
+
+        // Never initialize V3
+        assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::do_dissolve_all_liquidity_providers(netuid));
+        assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::do_dissolve_all_liquidity_providers(netuid));
+
+        assert!(
+            Positions::<Test>::iter_prefix_values((netuid, OK_COLDKEY_ACCOUNT_ID))
+                .next()
+                .is_none()
+        );
+        assert!(Ticks::<Test>::iter_prefix(netuid).next().is_none());
+        assert!(
+            TickIndexBitmapWords::<Test>::iter_prefix((netuid,))
+                .next()
+                .is_none()
+        );
+        assert!(!SwapV3Initialized::<Test>::contains_key(netuid));
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn liquidate_v3_refunds_user_funds_and_clears_state() {
+    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
+        let netuid = NetUid::from(1);
+
+        // Enable V3 path & initialize price/ticks (also creates a protocol position).
+        assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::toggle_user_liquidity(
+            RuntimeOrigin::root(),
+            netuid,
+            true
+        ));
+        assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::maybe_initialize_v3(netuid));
+
+        // Use distinct cold/hot to demonstrate alpha refund goes to (owner, owner).
+        let cold = OK_COLDKEY_ACCOUNT_ID;
+        let hot = OK_HOTKEY_ACCOUNT_ID;
+
+        // Tight in‑range band around current tick.
+        let ct = CurrentTick::<Test>::get(netuid);
+        let tick_low = ct.saturating_sub(10);
+        let tick_high = ct.saturating_add(10);
+        let liquidity: u64 = 1_000_000;
+
+        // Snapshot balances BEFORE.
+        let tao_before = <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::tao_balance(&cold);
+        let alpha_before_hot =
+            <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::alpha_balance(netuid.into(), &cold, &hot);
+        let alpha_before_owner =
+            <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::alpha_balance(netuid.into(), &cold, &cold);
+        let alpha_before_total = alpha_before_hot + alpha_before_owner;
+
+        // Create the user position (storage & v3 state only; no balances moved yet).
+        let (_pos_id, need_tao, need_alpha) =
+            Pallet::<Test>::do_add_liquidity(netuid, &cold, &hot, tick_low, tick_high, liquidity)
+                .expect("add liquidity");
+
+        // Mirror extrinsic bookkeeping: withdraw funds & bump provided‑reserve counters.
+        let tao_taken = <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::decrease_balance(&cold, need_tao.into())
+            .expect("decrease TAO");
+        let alpha_taken = <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::decrease_stake(
+            &cold,
+            &hot,
+            netuid.into(),
+            need_alpha.into(),
+        )
+        .expect("decrease ALPHA");
+        <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::increase_provided_tao_reserve(netuid.into(), tao_taken);
+        <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::increase_provided_alpha_reserve(netuid.into(), alpha_taken);
+
+        // Liquidate everything on the subnet.
+        assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::do_dissolve_all_liquidity_providers(netuid));
+
+        // Expect balances restored to BEFORE snapshots (no swaps ran -> zero fees).
+        // TAO: we withdrew 'need_tao' above and liquidation refunded it, so we should be back to 'tao_before'.
+        let tao_after = <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::tao_balance(&cold);
+        assert_eq!(tao_after, tao_before, "TAO principal must be refunded");
+
+        // ALPHA: refund is credited to (coldkey=cold, hotkey=cold). Compare totals across both ledgers.
+        let alpha_after_hot =
+            <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::alpha_balance(netuid.into(), &cold, &hot);
+        let alpha_after_owner =
+            <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::alpha_balance(netuid.into(), &cold, &cold);
+        let alpha_after_total = alpha_after_hot + alpha_after_owner;
+        assert_eq!(
+            alpha_after_total, alpha_before_total,
+            "ALPHA principal must be refunded to the account (may be credited to (owner, owner))"
+        );
+
+        // User position(s) are gone and all V3 state cleared.
+        assert_eq!(Pallet::<Test>::count_positions(netuid, &cold), 0);
+        assert!(Ticks::<Test>::iter_prefix(netuid).next().is_none());
+        assert!(!SwapV3Initialized::<Test>::contains_key(netuid));
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn refund_alpha_single_provider_exact() {
+    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
+        let netuid = NetUid::from(11);
+        let cold = OK_COLDKEY_ACCOUNT_ID;
+        let hot = OK_HOTKEY_ACCOUNT_ID;
+
+        assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::maybe_initialize_v3(netuid));
+
+        // --- Create an alpha‑only position (range entirely above current tick → TAO = 0, ALPHA > 0).
+        let ct = CurrentTick::<Test>::get(netuid);
+        let tick_low = ct.next().expect("current tick should not be MAX in tests");
+        let tick_high = TickIndex::MAX;
+
+        let liquidity = 1_000_000_u64;
+        let (_pos_id, tao_needed, alpha_needed) =
+            Pallet::<Test>::do_add_liquidity(netuid, &cold, &hot, tick_low, tick_high, liquidity)
+                .expect("add alpha-only liquidity");
+        assert_eq!(tao_needed, 0, "alpha-only position must not require TAO");
+        assert!(alpha_needed > 0, "alpha-only position must require ALPHA");
+
+        // --- Snapshot BEFORE we withdraw funds (baseline for conservation).
+        let alpha_before_hot =
+            <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::alpha_balance(netuid.into(), &cold, &hot);
+        let alpha_before_owner =
+            <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::alpha_balance(netuid.into(), &cold, &cold);
+        let alpha_before_total = alpha_before_hot + alpha_before_owner;
+
+        // --- Mimic extrinsic bookkeeping: withdraw α and record provided reserve.
+        let alpha_taken = <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::decrease_stake(
+            &cold,
+            &hot,
+            netuid.into(),
+            alpha_needed.into(),
+        )
+        .expect("decrease ALPHA");
+        <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::increase_provided_alpha_reserve(netuid.into(), alpha_taken);
+
+        // --- Act: dissolve (calls refund_alpha inside).
+        assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::do_dissolve_all_liquidity_providers(netuid));
+
+        // --- Assert: refunded back to the owner (may credit to (cold,cold)).
+        let alpha_after_hot =
+            <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::alpha_balance(netuid.into(), &cold, &hot);
+        let alpha_after_owner =
+            <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::alpha_balance(netuid.into(), &cold, &cold);
+        let alpha_after_total = alpha_after_hot + alpha_after_owner;
+        assert_eq!(
+            alpha_after_total, alpha_before_total,
+            "ALPHA principal must be conserved to the owner"
+        );
+
+        // --- State is cleared.
+        assert!(Ticks::<Test>::iter_prefix(netuid).next().is_none());
+        assert_eq!(Pallet::<Test>::count_positions(netuid, &cold), 0);
+        assert!(!SwapV3Initialized::<Test>::contains_key(netuid));
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn refund_alpha_multiple_providers_proportional_to_principal() {
+    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
+        let netuid = NetUid::from(12);
+        let c1 = OK_COLDKEY_ACCOUNT_ID;
+        let h1 = OK_HOTKEY_ACCOUNT_ID;
+        let c2 = OK_COLDKEY_ACCOUNT_ID_2;
+        let h2 = OK_HOTKEY_ACCOUNT_ID_2;
+
+        assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::maybe_initialize_v3(netuid));
+
+        // Use the same "above current tick" trick for alpha‑only positions.
+        let ct = CurrentTick::<Test>::get(netuid);
+        let tick_low = ct.next().expect("current tick should not be MAX in tests");
+        let tick_high = TickIndex::MAX;
+
+        // Provider #1 (smaller α)
+        let liq1 = 700_000_u64;
+        let (_p1, t1, a1) =
+            Pallet::<Test>::do_add_liquidity(netuid, &c1, &h1, tick_low, tick_high, liq1)
+                .expect("add alpha-only liquidity #1");
+        assert_eq!(t1, 0);
+        assert!(a1 > 0);
+
+        // Provider #2 (larger α)
+        let liq2 = 2_100_000_u64;
+        let (_p2, t2, a2) =
+            Pallet::<Test>::do_add_liquidity(netuid, &c2, &h2, tick_low, tick_high, liq2)
+                .expect("add alpha-only liquidity #2");
+        assert_eq!(t2, 0);
+        assert!(a2 > 0);
+
+        // Baselines BEFORE withdrawing
+        let a1_before_hot = <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::alpha_balance(netuid.into(), &c1, &h1);
+        let a1_before_owner = <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::alpha_balance(netuid.into(), &c1, &c1);
+        let a1_before = a1_before_hot + a1_before_owner;
+
+        let a2_before_hot = <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::alpha_balance(netuid.into(), &c2, &h2);
+        let a2_before_owner = <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::alpha_balance(netuid.into(), &c2, &c2);
+        let a2_before = a2_before_hot + a2_before_owner;
+
+        // Withdraw α and account reserves for each provider.
+        let a1_taken =
+            <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::decrease_stake(&c1, &h1, netuid.into(), a1.into())
+                .expect("decrease α #1");
+        <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::increase_provided_alpha_reserve(netuid.into(), a1_taken);
+
+        let a2_taken =
+            <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::decrease_stake(&c2, &h2, netuid.into(), a2.into())
+                .expect("decrease α #2");
+        <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::increase_provided_alpha_reserve(netuid.into(), a2_taken);
+
+        // Act
+        assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::do_dissolve_all_liquidity_providers(netuid));
+
+        // Each owner is restored to their exact baseline.
+        let a1_after_hot = <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::alpha_balance(netuid.into(), &c1, &h1);
+        let a1_after_owner = <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::alpha_balance(netuid.into(), &c1, &c1);
+        let a1_after = a1_after_hot + a1_after_owner;
+        assert_eq!(
+            a1_after, a1_before,
+            "owner #1 must receive their α principal back"
+        );
+
+        let a2_after_hot = <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::alpha_balance(netuid.into(), &c2, &h2);
+        let a2_after_owner = <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::alpha_balance(netuid.into(), &c2, &c2);
+        let a2_after = a2_after_hot + a2_after_owner;
+        assert_eq!(
+            a2_after, a2_before,
+            "owner #2 must receive their α principal back"
+        );
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn refund_alpha_same_cold_multiple_hotkeys_conserved_to_owner() {
+    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
+        let netuid = NetUid::from(13);
+        let cold = OK_COLDKEY_ACCOUNT_ID;
+        let hot1 = OK_HOTKEY_ACCOUNT_ID;
+        let hot2 = OK_HOTKEY_ACCOUNT_ID_2;
+
+        assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::maybe_initialize_v3(netuid));
+
+        // Two alpha‑only positions on different hotkeys of the same owner.
+        let ct = CurrentTick::<Test>::get(netuid);
+        let tick_low = ct.next().expect("current tick should not be MAX in tests");
+        let tick_high = TickIndex::MAX;
+
+        let (_p1, _t1, a1) =
+            Pallet::<Test>::do_add_liquidity(netuid, &cold, &hot1, tick_low, tick_high, 900_000)
+                .expect("add alpha-only pos (hot1)");
+        let (_p2, _t2, a2) =
+            Pallet::<Test>::do_add_liquidity(netuid, &cold, &hot2, tick_low, tick_high, 1_500_000)
+                .expect("add alpha-only pos (hot2)");
+        assert!(a1 > 0 && a2 > 0);
+
+        // Baseline BEFORE: sum over (cold,hot1) + (cold,hot2) + (cold,cold).
+        let before_hot1 = <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::alpha_balance(netuid.into(), &cold, &hot1);
+        let before_hot2 = <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::alpha_balance(netuid.into(), &cold, &hot2);
+        let before_owner = <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::alpha_balance(netuid.into(), &cold, &cold);
+        let before_total = before_hot1 + before_hot2 + before_owner;
+
+        // Withdraw α from both hotkeys; track provided‑reserve.
+        let t1 =
+            <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::decrease_stake(&cold, &hot1, netuid.into(), a1.into())
+                .expect("decr α #hot1");
+        <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::increase_provided_alpha_reserve(netuid.into(), t1);
+
+        let t2 =
+            <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::decrease_stake(&cold, &hot2, netuid.into(), a2.into())
+                .expect("decr α #hot2");
+        <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::increase_provided_alpha_reserve(netuid.into(), t2);
+
+        // Act
+        assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::do_dissolve_all_liquidity_providers(netuid));
+
+        // The total α "owned" by the coldkey is conserved (credit may land on (cold,cold)).
+        let after_hot1 = <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::alpha_balance(netuid.into(), &cold, &hot1);
+        let after_hot2 = <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::alpha_balance(netuid.into(), &cold, &hot2);
+        let after_owner = <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::alpha_balance(netuid.into(), &cold, &cold);
+        let after_total = after_hot1 + after_hot2 + after_owner;
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            after_total, before_total,
+            "owner’s α must be conserved across hot ledgers + (owner,owner)"
+        );
+    });
+}

From 7fae3a07722d14074e8c011f6c0e6c01abae3813 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aliaksandr Tsurko <ales@opentensor.dev>
Date: Thu, 18 Sep 2025 19:49:43 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 039/218] Simplify swap interface generic requirements

---
 pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs    | 51 ++++++++-------
 pallets/swap-interface/src/order.rs  | 52 ++++++++++++---
 pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs     | 68 ++++++++------------
 pallets/swap/src/pallet/swap_step.rs | 96 +++++++++++++++-------------
 pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs     | 13 ++--
 5 files changed, 152 insertions(+), 128 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs b/pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs
index 9f00c4f578..eac342ce6c 100644
--- a/pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs
@@ -3,34 +3,30 @@ use core::ops::Neg;
 
 use frame_support::pallet_prelude::*;
 use substrate_fixed::types::U96F32;
-use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, CurrencyReserve, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
+use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
 
 pub use order::*;
 
 mod order;
 
 pub trait SwapHandler<AccountId> {
-    fn swap<OrderT, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>(
+    fn swap<OrderT>(
         netuid: NetUid,
         order: OrderT,
         price_limit: TaoCurrency,
         drop_fees: bool,
         should_rollback: bool,
-    ) -> Result<SwapResult<OrderT>, DispatchError>
+    ) -> Result<SwapResult<OrderT::PaidIn, OrderT::PaidOut>, DispatchError>
     where
         OrderT: Order,
-        ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<OrderT::PaidIn>,
-        ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<OrderT::PaidOut>,
-        Self: SwapEngine<OrderT, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>;
-    fn sim_swap<OrderT, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>(
+        Self: SwapEngine<OrderT>;
+    fn sim_swap<OrderT>(
         netuid: NetUid,
         order: OrderT,
-    ) -> Result<SwapResult<OrderT>, DispatchError>
+    ) -> Result<SwapResult<OrderT::PaidIn, OrderT::PaidOut>, DispatchError>
     where
         OrderT: Order,
-        ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<OrderT::PaidIn>,
-        ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<OrderT::PaidOut>,
-        Self: DefaultPriceLimit<OrderT> + SwapEngine<OrderT, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>;
+        Self: DefaultPriceLimit<OrderT::PaidIn, OrderT::PaidOut> + SwapEngine<OrderT>;
     fn approx_fee_amount<T: Currency>(netuid: NetUid, amount: T) -> T;
     fn current_alpha_price(netuid: NetUid) -> U96F32;
     fn max_price<C: Currency>() -> C;
@@ -45,33 +41,40 @@ pub trait SwapHandler<AccountId> {
     fn toggle_user_liquidity(netuid: NetUid, enabled: bool);
 }
 
-pub trait DefaultPriceLimit<OrderT: Order> {
+pub trait DefaultPriceLimit<PaidIn, PaidOut>
+where
+    PaidIn: Currency,
+    PaidOut: Currency,
+{
     fn default_price_limit<C: Currency>() -> C;
 }
 
-pub trait SwapEngine<OrderT, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>
-where
-    OrderT: Order,
-    ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<OrderT::PaidIn>,
-    ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<OrderT::PaidOut>,
-{
+pub trait SwapEngine<OrderT: Order> {
     fn swap(
         netuid: NetUid,
         order: OrderT,
         price_limit: TaoCurrency,
         drop_fees: bool,
         should_rollback: bool,
-    ) -> Result<SwapResult<OrderT>, DispatchError>;
+    ) -> Result<SwapResult<OrderT::PaidIn, OrderT::PaidOut>, DispatchError>;
 }
 
 #[derive(Decode, Encode, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Debug, TypeInfo)]
-pub struct SwapResult<OrderT: Order> {
-    pub amount_paid_in: OrderT::PaidIn,
-    pub amount_paid_out: OrderT::PaidOut,
-    pub fee_paid: OrderT::PaidIn,
+pub struct SwapResult<PaidIn, PaidOut>
+where
+    PaidIn: Currency,
+    PaidOut: Currency,
+{
+    pub amount_paid_in: PaidIn,
+    pub amount_paid_out: PaidOut,
+    pub fee_paid: PaidIn,
 }
 
-impl<OrderT: Order> SwapResult<OrderT> {
+impl<PaidIn, PaidOut> SwapResult<PaidIn, PaidOut>
+where
+    PaidIn: Currency,
+    PaidOut: Currency,
+{
     pub fn paid_in_reserve_delta(&self) -> i128 {
         self.amount_paid_in.to_u64() as i128
     }
diff --git a/pallets/swap-interface/src/order.rs b/pallets/swap-interface/src/order.rs
index a1bbb0dcb1..72a1dafbae 100644
--- a/pallets/swap-interface/src/order.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap-interface/src/order.rs
@@ -1,26 +1,44 @@
+use core::marker::PhantomData;
+
 use substrate_fixed::types::U64F64;
-use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, TaoCurrency};
+use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, CurrencyReserve, TaoCurrency};
 
 pub trait Order: Clone {
     type PaidIn: Currency;
     type PaidOut: Currency;
+    type ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<Self::PaidIn>;
+    type ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<Self::PaidOut>;
 
-    fn with_amount(amount: Self::PaidIn) -> Self;
+    fn with_amount(amount: impl Into<Self::PaidIn>) -> Self;
     fn amount(&self) -> Self::PaidIn;
     fn is_beyond_price_limit(&self, alpha_sqrt_price: U64F64, limit_sqrt_price: U64F64) -> bool;
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct AlphaForTao {
+pub struct AlphaForTao<ReserveIn, ReserveOut>
+where
+    ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<TaoCurrency>,
+    ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<AlphaCurrency>,
+{
     amount: TaoCurrency,
+    _phantom: PhantomData<(ReserveIn, ReserveOut)>,
 }
 
-impl Order for AlphaForTao {
+impl<ReserveIn, ReserveOut> Order for AlphaForTao<ReserveIn, ReserveOut>
+where
+    ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<TaoCurrency> + Clone,
+    ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<AlphaCurrency> + Clone,
+{
     type PaidIn = TaoCurrency;
     type PaidOut = AlphaCurrency;
+    type ReserveIn = ReserveIn;
+    type ReserveOut = ReserveOut;
 
-    fn with_amount(amount: TaoCurrency) -> Self {
-        Self { amount }
+    fn with_amount(amount: impl Into<Self::PaidIn>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            amount: amount.into(),
+            _phantom: PhantomData,
+        }
     }
 
     fn amount(&self) -> TaoCurrency {
@@ -33,16 +51,30 @@ impl Order for AlphaForTao {
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct TaoForAlpha {
+pub struct TaoForAlpha<ReserveIn, ReserveOut>
+where
+    ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<AlphaCurrency>,
+    ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<TaoCurrency>,
+{
     amount: AlphaCurrency,
+    _phantom: PhantomData<(ReserveIn, ReserveOut)>,
 }
 
-impl Order for TaoForAlpha {
+impl<ReserveIn, ReserveOut> Order for TaoForAlpha<ReserveIn, ReserveOut>
+where
+    ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<AlphaCurrency> + Clone,
+    ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<TaoCurrency> + Clone,
+{
     type PaidIn = AlphaCurrency;
     type PaidOut = TaoCurrency;
+    type ReserveIn = ReserveIn;
+    type ReserveOut = ReserveOut;
 
-    fn with_amount(amount: AlphaCurrency) -> Self {
-        Self { amount }
+    fn with_amount(amount: impl Into<Self::PaidIn>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            amount: amount.into(),
+            _phantom: PhantomData,
+        }
     }
 
     fn amount(&self) -> AlphaCurrency {
diff --git a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs
index 10738ceb7f..88b2d53c14 100644
--- a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs
@@ -10,8 +10,7 @@ use subtensor_runtime_common::{
     AlphaCurrency, BalanceOps, Currency, CurrencyReserve, NetUid, SubnetInfo, TaoCurrency,
 };
 use subtensor_swap_interface::{
-    AlphaForTao, DefaultPriceLimit, Order as OrderT, SwapEngine, SwapHandler, SwapResult,
-    TaoForAlpha,
+    DefaultPriceLimit, Order as OrderT, SwapEngine, SwapHandler, SwapResult,
 };
 
 use super::pallet::*;
@@ -189,29 +188,22 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     ///       reserve.
     ///
     /// Use simulation mode to preview the outcome of a swap without modifying the blockchain state.
-    pub(crate) fn do_swap<Order, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>(
+    pub(crate) fn do_swap<Order>(
         netuid: NetUid,
         order: Order,
         limit_sqrt_price: SqrtPrice,
         drop_fees: bool,
         simulate: bool,
-    ) -> Result<SwapResult<Order>, DispatchError>
+    ) -> Result<SwapResult<Order::PaidIn, Order::PaidOut>, DispatchError>
     where
         Order: OrderT,
-        ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<Order::PaidIn>,
-        ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<Order::PaidOut>,
-        BasicSwapStep<T, Order>: SwapStep<T, Order>,
+        BasicSwapStep<T, Order::PaidIn, Order::PaidOut>: SwapStep<T, Order::PaidIn, Order::PaidOut>,
     {
         transactional::with_transaction(|| {
-            let reserve = ReserveOut::reserve(netuid.into());
+            let reserve = Order::ReserveOut::reserve(netuid.into());
 
-            let result = Self::swap_inner::<Order, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>(
-                netuid,
-                order,
-                limit_sqrt_price,
-                drop_fees,
-            )
-            .map_err(Into::into);
+            let result = Self::swap_inner::<Order>(netuid, order, limit_sqrt_price, drop_fees)
+                .map_err(Into::into);
 
             if simulate || result.is_err() {
                 // Simulation only
@@ -233,20 +225,18 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         })
     }
 
-    fn swap_inner<Order, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>(
+    fn swap_inner<Order>(
         netuid: NetUid,
         order: Order,
         limit_sqrt_price: SqrtPrice,
         drop_fees: bool,
-    ) -> Result<SwapResult<Order>, Error<T>>
+    ) -> Result<SwapResult<Order::PaidIn, Order::PaidOut>, Error<T>>
     where
         Order: OrderT,
-        ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<Order::PaidIn>,
-        ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<Order::PaidOut>,
-        BasicSwapStep<T, Order>: SwapStep<T, Order>,
+        BasicSwapStep<T, Order::PaidIn, Order::PaidOut>: SwapStep<T, Order::PaidIn, Order::PaidOut>,
     {
         ensure!(
-            ReserveOut::reserve(netuid).to_u64() >= T::MinimumReserve::get().get(),
+            Order::ReserveOut::reserve(netuid).to_u64() >= T::MinimumReserve::get().get(),
             Error::<T>::ReservesTooLow
         );
 
@@ -276,7 +266,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             );
 
             // Create and execute a swap step
-            let mut swap_step = BasicSwapStep::<T, Order>::new(
+            let mut swap_step = BasicSwapStep::<T, Order::PaidIn, Order::PaidOut>::new(
                 netuid,
                 amount_remaining,
                 limit_sqrt_price,
@@ -887,24 +877,22 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T: Config> DefaultPriceLimit<AlphaForTao> for Pallet<T> {
+impl<T: Config> DefaultPriceLimit<TaoCurrency, AlphaCurrency> for Pallet<T> {
     fn default_price_limit<C: Currency>() -> C {
         Self::max_price_inner::<C>()
     }
 }
 
-impl<T: Config> DefaultPriceLimit<TaoForAlpha> for Pallet<T> {
+impl<T: Config> DefaultPriceLimit<AlphaCurrency, TaoCurrency> for Pallet<T> {
     fn default_price_limit<C: Currency>() -> C {
         Self::min_price_inner::<C>()
     }
 }
 
-impl<T: Config, Order, ReserveIn, ReserveOut> SwapEngine<Order, ReserveIn, ReserveOut> for Pallet<T>
+impl<T: Config, Order> SwapEngine<Order> for Pallet<T>
 where
     Order: OrderT,
-    ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<Order::PaidIn>,
-    ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<Order::PaidOut>,
-    BasicSwapStep<T, Order>: SwapStep<T, Order>,
+    BasicSwapStep<T, Order::PaidIn, Order::PaidOut>: SwapStep<T, Order::PaidIn, Order::PaidOut>,
 {
     fn swap(
         netuid: NetUid,
@@ -912,13 +900,13 @@ where
         price_limit: TaoCurrency,
         drop_fees: bool,
         should_rollback: bool,
-    ) -> Result<SwapResult<Order>, DispatchError> {
+    ) -> Result<SwapResult<Order::PaidIn, Order::PaidOut>, DispatchError> {
         let limit_sqrt_price = SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(price_limit.to_u64())
             .safe_div(SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(1_000_000_000))
             .checked_sqrt(SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(0.0000000001))
             .ok_or(Error::<T>::PriceLimitExceeded)?;
 
-        Self::do_swap::<Order, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>(
+        Self::do_swap::<Order>(
             NetUid::from(netuid),
             order,
             limit_sqrt_price,
@@ -930,20 +918,18 @@ where
 }
 
 impl<T: Config> SwapHandler<T::AccountId> for Pallet<T> {
-    fn swap<Order, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>(
+    fn swap<Order>(
         netuid: NetUid,
         order: Order,
         price_limit: TaoCurrency,
         drop_fees: bool,
         should_rollback: bool,
-    ) -> Result<SwapResult<Order>, DispatchError>
+    ) -> Result<SwapResult<Order::PaidIn, Order::PaidOut>, DispatchError>
     where
         Order: OrderT,
-        ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<Order::PaidIn>,
-        ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<Order::PaidOut>,
-        Self: SwapEngine<Order, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>,
+        Self: SwapEngine<Order>,
     {
-        <Self as SwapEngine<Order, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>>::swap(
+        <Self as SwapEngine<Order>>::swap(
             NetUid::from(netuid),
             order,
             price_limit,
@@ -953,21 +939,19 @@ impl<T: Config> SwapHandler<T::AccountId> for Pallet<T> {
         .map_err(Into::into)
     }
 
-    fn sim_swap<Order, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>(
+    fn sim_swap<Order>(
         netuid: NetUid,
         order: Order,
-    ) -> Result<SwapResult<Order>, DispatchError>
+    ) -> Result<SwapResult<Order::PaidIn, Order::PaidOut>, DispatchError>
     where
         Order: OrderT,
-        ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<Order::PaidIn>,
-        ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<Order::PaidOut>,
-        Self: DefaultPriceLimit<Order> + SwapEngine<Order, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>,
+        Self: DefaultPriceLimit<Order::PaidIn, Order::PaidOut> + SwapEngine<Order>,
     {
         match T::SubnetInfo::mechanism(netuid) {
             1 => {
                 let price_limit = Self::default_price_limit::<TaoCurrency>();
 
-                <Self as SwapHandler<T::AccountId>>::swap::<Order, ReserveIn, ReserveOut>(
+                <Self as SwapHandler<T::AccountId>>::swap::<Order>(
                     netuid,
                     order,
                     price_limit,
diff --git a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/swap_step.rs b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/swap_step.rs
index deffb0d59b..6791835b1a 100644
--- a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/swap_step.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/swap_step.rs
@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@ use core::marker::PhantomData;
 
 use safe_math::*;
 use substrate_fixed::types::{I64F64, U64F64};
-use subtensor_runtime_common::{Currency, NetUid};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::{AlphaForTao, Order as OrderT, TaoForAlpha};
+use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
 
 use super::pallet::*;
 use crate::{
@@ -12,10 +11,11 @@ use crate::{
 };
 
 /// A struct representing a single swap step with all its parameters and state
-pub(crate) struct BasicSwapStep<T, Order>
+pub(crate) struct BasicSwapStep<T, PaidIn, PaidOut>
 where
     T: Config,
-    Order: OrderT,
+    PaidIn: Currency,
+    PaidOut: Currency,
 {
     // Input parameters
     netuid: NetUid,
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ where
 
     // Computed values
     current_liquidity: U64F64,
-    possible_delta_in: Order::PaidIn,
+    possible_delta_in: PaidIn,
 
     // Ticks and prices (current, limit, edge, target)
     target_sqrt_price: SqrtPrice,
@@ -34,23 +34,24 @@ where
 
     // Result values
     action: SwapStepAction,
-    delta_in: Order::PaidIn,
+    delta_in: PaidIn,
     final_price: SqrtPrice,
-    fee: Order::PaidIn,
+    fee: PaidIn,
 
-    _phantom: PhantomData<(T, Order)>,
+    _phantom: PhantomData<(T, PaidIn, PaidOut)>,
 }
 
-impl<T, Order> BasicSwapStep<T, Order>
+impl<T, PaidIn, PaidOut> BasicSwapStep<T, PaidIn, PaidOut>
 where
     T: Config,
-    Order: OrderT,
-    Self: SwapStep<T, Order>,
+    PaidIn: Currency,
+    PaidOut: Currency,
+    Self: SwapStep<T, PaidIn, PaidOut>,
 {
     /// Creates and initializes a new swap step
     pub(crate) fn new(
         netuid: NetUid,
-        amount_remaining: Order::PaidIn,
+        amount_remaining: PaidIn,
         limit_sqrt_price: SqrtPrice,
         drop_fees: bool,
     ) -> Self {
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ where
             possible_delta_in,
             current_liquidity,
             action: SwapStepAction::Stop,
-            delta_in: Order::PaidIn::ZERO,
+            delta_in: PaidIn::ZERO,
             final_price: target_sqrt_price,
             fee,
             _phantom: PhantomData,
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ where
     }
 
     /// Execute the swap step and return the result
-    pub(crate) fn execute(&mut self) -> Result<SwapStepResult<Order>, Error<T>> {
+    pub(crate) fn execute(&mut self) -> Result<SwapStepResult<PaidIn, PaidOut>, Error<T>> {
         self.determine_action();
         self.process_swap()
     }
@@ -184,7 +185,7 @@ where
     }
 
     /// Process a single step of a swap
-    fn process_swap(&self) -> Result<SwapStepResult<Order>, Error<T>> {
+    fn process_swap(&self) -> Result<SwapStepResult<PaidIn, PaidOut>, Error<T>> {
         // Hold the fees
         Self::add_fees(
             self.netuid,
@@ -225,12 +226,14 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<T: Config> SwapStep<T, AlphaForTao> for BasicSwapStep<T, AlphaForTao> {
+impl<T: Config> SwapStep<T, TaoCurrency, AlphaCurrency>
+    for BasicSwapStep<T, TaoCurrency, AlphaCurrency>
+{
     fn delta_in(
         liquidity_curr: U64F64,
         sqrt_price_curr: SqrtPrice,
         sqrt_price_target: SqrtPrice,
-    ) -> <AlphaForTao as OrderT>::PaidIn {
+    ) -> TaoCurrency {
         liquidity_curr
             .saturating_mul(sqrt_price_target.saturating_sub(sqrt_price_curr))
             .saturating_to_num::<u64>()
@@ -248,14 +251,14 @@ impl<T: Config> SwapStep<T, AlphaForTao> for BasicSwapStep<T, AlphaForTao> {
     fn sqrt_price_target(
         liquidity_curr: U64F64,
         sqrt_price_curr: SqrtPrice,
-        delta_in: <AlphaForTao as OrderT>::PaidIn,
+        delta_in: TaoCurrency,
     ) -> SqrtPrice {
         let delta_fixed = U64F64::saturating_from_num(delta_in);
 
         // No liquidity means that price should go to the limit
         if liquidity_curr == 0 {
             return SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(
-                Pallet::<T>::max_price_inner::<<AlphaForTao as OrderT>::PaidIn>().to_u64(),
+                Pallet::<T>::max_price_inner::<TaoCurrency>().to_u64(),
             );
         }
 
@@ -272,7 +275,7 @@ impl<T: Config> SwapStep<T, AlphaForTao> for BasicSwapStep<T, AlphaForTao> {
         SwapStepAction::Crossing
     }
 
-    fn add_fees(netuid: NetUid, current_liquidity: U64F64, fee: <AlphaForTao as OrderT>::PaidIn) {
+    fn add_fees(netuid: NetUid, current_liquidity: U64F64, fee: TaoCurrency) {
         if current_liquidity == 0 {
             return;
         }
@@ -284,13 +287,10 @@ impl<T: Config> SwapStep<T, AlphaForTao> for BasicSwapStep<T, AlphaForTao> {
         });
     }
 
-    fn convert_deltas(
-        netuid: NetUid,
-        delta_in: <AlphaForTao as OrderT>::PaidIn,
-    ) -> <AlphaForTao as OrderT>::PaidOut {
+    fn convert_deltas(netuid: NetUid, delta_in: TaoCurrency) -> AlphaCurrency {
         // Skip conversion if delta_in is zero
         if delta_in.is_zero() {
-            return <AlphaForTao as OrderT>::PaidOut::ZERO;
+            return AlphaCurrency::ZERO;
         }
 
         let liquidity_curr = SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(CurrentLiquidity::<T>::get(netuid));
@@ -345,12 +345,14 @@ impl<T: Config> SwapStep<T, AlphaForTao> for BasicSwapStep<T, AlphaForTao> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T: Config> SwapStep<T, TaoForAlpha> for BasicSwapStep<T, TaoForAlpha> {
+impl<T: Config> SwapStep<T, AlphaCurrency, TaoCurrency>
+    for BasicSwapStep<T, AlphaCurrency, TaoCurrency>
+{
     fn delta_in(
         liquidity_curr: U64F64,
         sqrt_price_curr: SqrtPrice,
         sqrt_price_target: SqrtPrice,
-    ) -> <TaoForAlpha as OrderT>::PaidIn {
+    ) -> AlphaCurrency {
         let one = U64F64::saturating_from_num(1);
 
         liquidity_curr
@@ -382,7 +384,7 @@ impl<T: Config> SwapStep<T, TaoForAlpha> for BasicSwapStep<T, TaoForAlpha> {
     fn sqrt_price_target(
         liquidity_curr: U64F64,
         sqrt_price_curr: SqrtPrice,
-        delta_in: <TaoForAlpha as OrderT>::PaidIn,
+        delta_in: AlphaCurrency,
     ) -> SqrtPrice {
         let delta_fixed = U64F64::saturating_from_num(delta_in);
         let one = U64F64::saturating_from_num(1);
@@ -390,7 +392,7 @@ impl<T: Config> SwapStep<T, TaoForAlpha> for BasicSwapStep<T, TaoForAlpha> {
         // No liquidity means that price should go to the limit
         if liquidity_curr == 0 {
             return SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(
-                Pallet::<T>::min_price_inner::<<TaoForAlpha as OrderT>::PaidIn>().to_u64(),
+                Pallet::<T>::min_price_inner::<AlphaCurrency>().to_u64(),
             );
         }
 
@@ -409,7 +411,7 @@ impl<T: Config> SwapStep<T, TaoForAlpha> for BasicSwapStep<T, TaoForAlpha> {
         SwapStepAction::Stop
     }
 
-    fn add_fees(netuid: NetUid, current_liquidity: U64F64, fee: <TaoForAlpha as OrderT>::PaidIn) {
+    fn add_fees(netuid: NetUid, current_liquidity: U64F64, fee: AlphaCurrency) {
         if current_liquidity == 0 {
             return;
         }
@@ -421,13 +423,10 @@ impl<T: Config> SwapStep<T, TaoForAlpha> for BasicSwapStep<T, TaoForAlpha> {
         });
     }
 
-    fn convert_deltas(
-        netuid: NetUid,
-        delta_in: <TaoForAlpha as OrderT>::PaidIn,
-    ) -> <TaoForAlpha as OrderT>::PaidOut {
+    fn convert_deltas(netuid: NetUid, delta_in: AlphaCurrency) -> TaoCurrency {
         // Skip conversion if delta_in is zero
         if delta_in.is_zero() {
-            return <TaoForAlpha as OrderT>::PaidOut::ZERO;
+            return TaoCurrency::ZERO;
         }
 
         let liquidity_curr = SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(CurrentLiquidity::<T>::get(netuid));
@@ -492,17 +491,18 @@ impl<T: Config> SwapStep<T, TaoForAlpha> for BasicSwapStep<T, TaoForAlpha> {
     }
 }
 
-pub(crate) trait SwapStep<T, Order>
+pub(crate) trait SwapStep<T, PaidIn, PaidOut>
 where
     T: Config,
-    Order: OrderT,
+    PaidIn: Currency,
+    PaidOut: Currency,
 {
     /// Get the input amount needed to reach the target price
     fn delta_in(
         liquidity_curr: U64F64,
         sqrt_price_curr: SqrtPrice,
         sqrt_price_target: SqrtPrice,
-    ) -> Order::PaidIn;
+    ) -> PaidIn;
 
     /// Get the tick at the current tick edge.
     ///
@@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ where
     fn sqrt_price_target(
         liquidity_curr: U64F64,
         sqrt_price_curr: SqrtPrice,
-        delta_in: Order::PaidIn,
+        delta_in: PaidIn,
     ) -> SqrtPrice;
 
     /// Returns True if sq_price1 is closer to the current price than sq_price2
@@ -531,24 +531,28 @@ where
     fn action_on_edge_sqrt_price() -> SwapStepAction;
 
     /// Add fees to the global fee counters
-    fn add_fees(netuid: NetUid, current_liquidity: U64F64, fee: Order::PaidIn);
+    fn add_fees(netuid: NetUid, current_liquidity: U64F64, fee: PaidIn);
 
     /// Convert input amount (delta_in) to output amount (delta_out)
     ///
     /// This is the core method of uniswap V3 that tells how much output token is given for an
     /// amount of input token within one price tick.
-    fn convert_deltas(netuid: NetUid, delta_in: Order::PaidIn) -> Order::PaidOut;
+    fn convert_deltas(netuid: NetUid, delta_in: PaidIn) -> PaidOut;
 
     /// Update liquidity when crossing a tick
     fn update_liquidity_at_crossing(netuid: NetUid) -> Result<(), Error<T>>;
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
-pub(crate) struct SwapStepResult<Order: OrderT> {
-    pub(crate) amount_to_take: Order::PaidIn,
-    pub(crate) fee_paid: Order::PaidIn,
-    pub(crate) delta_in: Order::PaidIn,
-    pub(crate) delta_out: Order::PaidOut,
+pub(crate) struct SwapStepResult<PaidIn, PaidOut>
+where
+    PaidIn: Currency,
+    PaidOut: Currency,
+{
+    pub(crate) amount_to_take: PaidIn,
+    pub(crate) fee_paid: PaidIn,
+    pub(crate) delta_in: PaidIn,
+    pub(crate) delta_out: PaidOut,
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
diff --git a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs
index dc7f08baa8..011a74936a 100644
--- a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs
@@ -8,9 +8,10 @@ use sp_arithmetic::helpers_128bit;
 use sp_runtime::DispatchError;
 use substrate_fixed::types::U96F32;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::NetUid;
+use subtensor_swap_interface::{AlphaForTao, Order, TaoForAlpha};
 
 use super::*;
-use crate::{OrderType, SqrtPrice, mock::*};
+use crate::{SqrtPrice, mock::*};
 
 // this function is used to convert price (NON-SQRT price!) to TickIndex. it's only utility for
 // testing, all the implementation logic is based on sqrt prices
@@ -153,8 +154,8 @@ fn test_swap_initialization() {
         let netuid = NetUid::from(1);
 
         // Get reserves from the mock provider
-        let tao = MockLiquidityProvider::tao_reserve(netuid.into());
-        let alpha = MockLiquidityProvider::alpha_reserve(netuid.into());
+        let tao = TaoReserve::reserve(netuid.into());
+        let alpha = AlphaReserve::reserve(netuid.into());
 
         assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::maybe_initialize_v3(netuid));
 
@@ -664,10 +665,10 @@ fn test_modify_position_basic() {
 
             // Swap to create fees on the position
             let sqrt_limit_price = SqrtPrice::from_num((limit_price).sqrt());
-            Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(
+            let order = AlphaForTao::with_amount(liquidity / 10);
+            Pallet::<Test>::do_swap::<_, TaoReserve, AlphaReserve>(
                 netuid,
-                OrderType::Buy,
-                liquidity / 10,
+                order,
                 sqrt_limit_price,
                 false,
                 false,

From a11d7a9c9ede9f9488079fedb7babbb6d138edaa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 19 Sep 2025 12:19:46 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 040/218] Add disproportional stake test

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs |   2 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs   | 201 ++++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 168 insertions(+), 35 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
index 23d378fe80..b376be790e 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     ) {
         // Get total stake on this hotkey on root.
         let total: I96F32 =
-            I96F32::saturating_from_num(Self::get_stake_for_hotkey_on_subnet(hotkey, netuid));
+            I96F32::saturating_from_num(Self::get_stake_for_hotkey_on_subnet(hotkey, NetUid::ROOT));
 
         // Get increment
         let increment: I96F32 = I96F32::saturating_from_num(amount)
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
index 4836268962..4fc99d7f9b 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use crate::tests::mock::{RuntimeOrigin, SubtensorModule, Test, add_dynamic_network, new_test_ext};
 use crate::{RootClaimType, RootClaimTypeEnum, RootClaimed};
-use crate::{RootClaimable, TotalHotkeyAlpha};
+use crate::{RootClaimable};
 use approx::assert_abs_diff_eq;
 use frame_support::assert_ok;
 use sp_core::U256;
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_drain_emissions() {
             root_stake.into(),
         );
 
-        let initial_total_hotkey_alpha = 20_000_000u64;
+        let initial_total_hotkey_alpha = 10_000_000u64;
         SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
             &hotkey,
             &owner_coldkey,
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_drain_emissions() {
 
         // Distribute pending root alpha
 
-        let pending_root_alpha = 10_000_000u64;
+        let pending_root_alpha = 1_000_000u64;
         SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
             netuid,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
@@ -84,8 +84,8 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_drain_emissions() {
         // Check claimable
 
         let claimable = RootClaimable::<Test>::get(hotkey, netuid);
-        let calculated_rate = (pending_root_alpha as f64) * (1f64 - validator_take_percent)
-            / (u64::from(TotalHotkeyAlpha::<Test>::get(hotkey, netuid)) as f64);
+        let calculated_rate =
+            (pending_root_alpha as f64) * (1f64 - validator_take_percent) / (root_stake as f64);
 
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(
             claimable.saturating_to_num::<f64>(),
@@ -130,8 +130,8 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_drain_emissions() {
         // Check claimable (round 2)
 
         let claimable2 = RootClaimable::<Test>::get(hotkey, netuid);
-        let calculated_rate = (pending_root_alpha as f64) * (1f64 - validator_take_percent)
-            / (u64::from(TotalHotkeyAlpha::<Test>::get(hotkey, netuid)) as f64);
+        let calculated_rate =
+            (pending_root_alpha as f64) * (1f64 - validator_take_percent) / (root_stake as f64);
 
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(
             claimable2.saturating_to_num::<f64>(),
@@ -160,42 +160,175 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_drain_emissions() {
     });
 }
 
-/*
-Test 1 - Adding Stake Disproportionally
+#[test]
+fn test_adding_stake_proportionally_for_two_stakers() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let owner_coldkey = U256::from(1001);
+        let hotkey = U256::from(1002);
+        let alice_coldkey = U256::from(1003);
+        let bob_coldkey = U256::from(1004);
+        let netuid = add_dynamic_network(&hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+
+        SubtensorModule::set_tao_weight(u64::MAX); // Set TAO weight to 1.0
+
+        let root_stake = 1_000_000u64;
+        SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &alice_coldkey,
+            NetUid::ROOT,
+            root_stake.into(),
+        );
+        SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &bob_coldkey,
+            NetUid::ROOT,
+            root_stake.into(),
+        );
+
+        let initial_total_hotkey_alpha = 10_000_000u64;
+        SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &owner_coldkey,
+            netuid,
+            initial_total_hotkey_alpha.into(),
+        );
+
+        // Claim root alpha
 
-1. Beginning of the epoch 1: Alice stakes 1 TAO to root, Bob stakes 1 TAO to root, and both say "I want airdrop"
-2. For simplicity let's say `root_alpha = 0.1` in every block. So at the end of the epoch 1 we have 36 root alpha to share between Alice and Bob. Each is entitled to 18 Alpha.
-3. Beginning of the epoch 2: Alice stakes 1 TAO more, Bob stakes 2 TAO more. State is now:
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::set_root_claim_type(
+            RuntimeOrigin::signed(alice_coldkey),
+            RootClaimTypeEnum::Keep
+        ),);
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::set_root_claim_type(
+            RuntimeOrigin::signed(bob_coldkey),
+            RootClaimTypeEnum::Keep
+        ),);
+
+        // Distribute pending root alpha
 
-```
-alpha_to_airdrop: 36
-rewards_per_tao: 18
+        let pending_root_alpha = 10_000_000u64;
+        SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
+            netuid,
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
+            pending_root_alpha.into(),
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
+        );
 
-Alice's stake: 2
-Bob's stake: 3
-debt_alice: 18
-debt_bob: 36
-```
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(
+            alice_coldkey
+        ),));
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(
+            bob_coldkey
+        ),));
 
-4. As epoch 2 goes, we keep adding 0.1 root Alpha in every block, so it will be still +36 Alpha, but new Alpha is shared differently between Alice and Bob: Alice gets 2/5 of the new Alpha and Bob gets 3/5 of the new Alpha.
+        // Check stakes
+        let validator_take_percent = 0.18f64;
 
-5. End of epoch 2: Alice is entitled to 18 + 14.4 = 32.4 Alpha, Bob is entitled to 18 + 21.6 = 39.6 Alpha. State update is following:
+        let alice_stake: u64 = SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &alice_coldkey,
+            netuid,
+        )
+        .into();
 
-```
-alpha_to_airdrop: 72
-rewards_per_tao: 18 + 36/5 = 25.2
-```
+        let bob_stake: u64 = SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &bob_coldkey,
+            netuid,
+        )
+        .into();
 
-6. Alice and Bob want to claim their Alpha:
+        let estimated_stake = (pending_root_alpha as f64) * (1f64 - validator_take_percent) / 2f64;
 
-```
-alpha_alice = 2 * 25.2 - 18 = 32.4
-alpha_bob = 3 * 25.2 - 36 = 39.6
-```
+        assert_eq!(alice_stake, bob_stake);
 
-*/
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(alice_stake, estimated_stake as u64, epsilon = 100u64,);
+    });
+}
 
 #[test]
-fn test_adding_stake_disproportionally() {
-    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {});
+fn test_adding_stake_disproportionally_for_two_stakers() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let owner_coldkey = U256::from(1001);
+        let hotkey = U256::from(1002);
+        let alice_coldkey = U256::from(1003);
+        let bob_coldkey = U256::from(1004);
+        let netuid = add_dynamic_network(&hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+
+        SubtensorModule::set_tao_weight(u64::MAX); // Set TAO weight to 1.0
+
+        let alice_root_stake = 1_000_000u64;
+        let bob_root_stake = 2_000_000u64;
+        SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &alice_coldkey,
+            NetUid::ROOT,
+            alice_root_stake.into(),
+        );
+        SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &bob_coldkey,
+            NetUid::ROOT,
+            bob_root_stake.into(),
+        );
+
+        let initial_total_hotkey_alpha = 10_000_000u64;
+        SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &owner_coldkey,
+            netuid,
+            initial_total_hotkey_alpha.into(),
+        );
+
+        // Claim root alpha
+
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::set_root_claim_type(
+            RuntimeOrigin::signed(alice_coldkey),
+            RootClaimTypeEnum::Keep
+        ),);
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::set_root_claim_type(
+            RuntimeOrigin::signed(bob_coldkey),
+            RootClaimTypeEnum::Keep
+        ),);
+
+        // Distribute pending root alpha
+
+        let pending_root_alpha = 10_000_000u64;
+        SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
+            netuid,
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
+            pending_root_alpha.into(),
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
+        );
+
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(
+            alice_coldkey
+        ),));
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(
+            bob_coldkey
+        ),));
+
+        // Check stakes
+        let validator_take_percent = 0.18f64;
+
+        let alice_stake: u64 = SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &alice_coldkey,
+            netuid,
+        )
+        .into();
+
+        let bob_stake: u64 = SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &bob_coldkey,
+            netuid,
+        )
+        .into();
+
+        let estimated_stake = (pending_root_alpha as f64) * (1f64 - validator_take_percent) / 3f64;
+
+        assert_eq!(2 * alice_stake, bob_stake);
+
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(alice_stake, estimated_stake as u64, epsilon = 100u64,);
+    });
 }

From e3cc8e10295bb5b644161a85b7a26181011b6657 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 19 Sep 2025 15:29:22 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 041/218] Add test with removed stake.

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs | 135 +++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 134 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
index 4fc99d7f9b..de2c40814c 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
+use crate::RootClaimable;
 use crate::tests::mock::{RuntimeOrigin, SubtensorModule, Test, add_dynamic_network, new_test_ext};
 use crate::{RootClaimType, RootClaimTypeEnum, RootClaimed};
-use crate::{RootClaimable};
 use approx::assert_abs_diff_eq;
 use frame_support::assert_ok;
 use sp_core::U256;
@@ -332,3 +332,136 @@ fn test_adding_stake_disproportionally_for_two_stakers() {
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(alice_stake, estimated_stake as u64, epsilon = 100u64,);
     });
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn test_claim_root_with_removed_stake() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let owner_coldkey = U256::from(1001);
+        let hotkey = U256::from(1002);
+        let coldkey = U256::from(1003);
+        let netuid = add_dynamic_network(&hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+        let validator_take_percent = 0.18f64;
+
+        SubtensorModule::set_tao_weight(u64::MAX); // Set TAO weight to 1.0
+
+        let root_stake = 2_000_000u64;
+        SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &coldkey,
+            NetUid::ROOT,
+            root_stake.into(),
+        );
+
+        let initial_total_hotkey_alpha = 10_000_000u64;
+        SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &owner_coldkey,
+            netuid,
+            initial_total_hotkey_alpha.into(),
+        );
+
+        let old_validator_stake = SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &owner_coldkey,
+            netuid,
+        );
+        assert_eq!(old_validator_stake, initial_total_hotkey_alpha.into());
+
+        // Distribute pending root alpha
+
+        let pending_root_alpha = 20_000_000u64;
+        SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
+            netuid,
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
+            pending_root_alpha.into(),
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
+        );
+
+        // Check claimable
+
+        let claimable = RootClaimable::<Test>::get(hotkey, netuid);
+        let calculated_rate =
+            (pending_root_alpha as f64) * (1f64 - validator_take_percent) / (root_stake as f64);
+
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+            claimable.saturating_to_num::<f64>(),
+            calculated_rate,
+            epsilon = 0.001f64,
+        );
+
+        // Claim root alpha
+
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::set_root_claim_type(
+            RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),
+            RootClaimTypeEnum::Keep
+        ),);
+        assert_eq!(RootClaimType::<Test>::get(coldkey), RootClaimTypeEnum::Keep);
+
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),));
+
+        let new_stake: u64 =
+            SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid)
+                .into();
+
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+            new_stake,
+            (I96F32::from(root_stake) * claimable).saturating_to_num::<u64>(),
+            epsilon = 10u64,
+        );
+
+        // Check root claimed value saved
+
+        let claimed = RootClaimed::<Test>::get((&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid));
+        assert_eq!(u128::from(new_stake), claimed);
+
+        // Distribute pending root alpha (round 2)
+
+        let root_stake_decrement = 1_000_000u64;
+        let decreased_root_stake = root_stake - root_stake_decrement;
+        SubtensorModule::decrease_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &coldkey,
+            NetUid::ROOT,
+            root_stake_decrement.into(),
+        );
+
+        SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
+            netuid,
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
+            pending_root_alpha.into(),
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
+        );
+
+        // Check claimable (round 2)
+
+        let claimable2 = RootClaimable::<Test>::get(hotkey, netuid);
+        let calculated_rate = (pending_root_alpha as f64) * (1f64 - validator_take_percent)
+            / (decreased_root_stake as f64);
+
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+            claimable2.saturating_to_num::<f64>(),
+            calculated_rate + claimable.saturating_to_num::<f64>(),
+            epsilon = 0.001f64,
+        );
+
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),));
+
+        let new_stake2: u64 =
+            SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid)
+                .into();
+        let calculated_new_stake2 = (I96F32::from(decreased_root_stake) * claimable2)
+            .saturating_to_num::<u64>()
+            - (claimed as u64);
+
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+            u64::from(new_stake2),
+            new_stake + calculated_new_stake2,
+            epsilon = 10u64,
+        );
+
+        // Check root claimed value saved (round 2)
+
+        let claimed2 = RootClaimed::<Test>::get((&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid));
+        assert_eq!(u128::from(u64::from(new_stake2)), claimed2);
+    });
+}

From dd44dd8964051222fedfd2f057cbb09601002fc8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 19 Sep 2025 16:09:39 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 042/218] Fix existing tests

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs | 69 +------------------------
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 67 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs
index 104a06dccd..c19799b582 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs
@@ -557,11 +557,6 @@ fn test_pending_emission() {
             1_000_000_000 - 125000000,
             epsilon = 1
         ); // 1 - swapped.
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-            u64::from(PendingRootDivs::<Test>::get(netuid)),
-            125000000,
-            epsilon = 1
-        ); // swapped * (price = 1)
     });
 }
 
@@ -797,7 +792,6 @@ fn test_drain_base_with_subnet_with_two_stakers_registered_and_root() {
         SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
             netuid,
             pending_alpha,
-            //   pending_tao,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
@@ -825,16 +819,6 @@ fn test_drain_base_with_subnet_with_two_stakers_registered_and_root() {
             stake_after2.into(),
             10,
         ); // Registered gets 1/2 emission.
-        close(
-            stake_before.to_u64() + pending_tao.to_u64() / 2,
-            root_after1.into(),
-            10,
-        ); // Registered gets 1/2 tao emission
-        close(
-            stake_before.to_u64() + pending_tao.to_u64() / 2,
-            root_after2.into(),
-            10,
-        ); // Registered gets 1/2 tao emission
     });
 }
 
@@ -883,7 +867,6 @@ fn test_drain_base_with_subnet_with_two_stakers_registered_and_root_different_am
         SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
             netuid,
             pending_alpha,
-            //   pending_tao,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             0.into(),
         );
@@ -915,25 +898,6 @@ fn test_drain_base_with_subnet_with_two_stakers_registered_and_root_different_am
             stake_after2.into(),
             epsilon = 10
         ); // Registered gets 50% emission
-        let expected_root1 = I96F32::from_num(2 * u64::from(stake_before))
-            + I96F32::from_num(pending_tao.to_u64()) * I96F32::from_num(2.0 / 3.0);
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-            expected_root1.to_num::<u64>(),
-            root_after1.into(),
-            epsilon = 10
-        ); // Registered gets 2/3 tao emission
-        let expected_root2 = I96F32::from_num(u64::from(stake_before))
-            + I96F32::from_num(pending_tao.to_u64()) * I96F32::from_num(1.0 / 3.0);
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-            expected_root2.to_num::<u64>(),
-            root_after2.into(),
-            epsilon = 10
-        ); // Registered gets 1/3 tao emission
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-            SubnetTAO::<Test>::get(NetUid::ROOT),
-            pending_tao,
-            epsilon = 10.into()
-        );
     });
 }
 
@@ -1015,27 +979,6 @@ fn test_drain_base_with_subnet_with_two_stakers_registered_and_root_different_am
             u64::from(stake_after2),
             epsilon = 10
         );
-        // hotkey 1 has 2 / 3 root tao
-        let expected_root1 = I96F32::from_num(2 * u64::from(stake_before))
-            + I96F32::from_num(pending_tao) * I96F32::from_num(2.0 / 3.0);
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-            expected_root1.to_num::<u64>(),
-            u64::from(root_after1),
-            epsilon = 10
-        );
-        // hotkey 1 has 1 / 3 root tao
-        let expected_root2 = I96F32::from_num(u64::from(stake_before))
-            + I96F32::from_num(pending_tao) * I96F32::from_num(1.0 / 3.0);
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-            expected_root2.to_num::<u64>(),
-            u64::from(root_after2),
-            epsilon = 10
-        );
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-            SubnetTAO::<Test>::get(NetUid::ROOT),
-            pending_tao,
-            epsilon = 10.into()
-        );
     });
 }
 
@@ -1322,16 +1265,13 @@ fn test_get_root_children_drain() {
         // Alice and Bob both made half of the dividends.
         assert_eq!(
             SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_on_subnet(&alice, NetUid::ROOT),
-            AlphaCurrency::from(alice_root_stake + pending_root1.to_u64() / 2)
+            AlphaCurrency::from(alice_root_stake)
         );
         assert_eq!(
             SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_on_subnet(&bob, NetUid::ROOT),
-            AlphaCurrency::from(bob_root_stake + pending_root1.to_u64() / 2)
+            AlphaCurrency::from(bob_root_stake)
         );
 
-        // The pending root dividends should be present in root subnet.
-        assert_eq!(SubnetTAO::<Test>::get(NetUid::ROOT), pending_root1);
-
         // Lets change the take value. (Bob is greedy.)
         ChildkeyTake::<Test>::insert(bob, alpha, u16::MAX);
 
@@ -1356,11 +1296,6 @@ fn test_get_root_children_drain() {
             pending_alpha,
             epsilon = 1.into()
         );
-        // The pending root dividends should be present in root subnet.
-        assert_eq!(
-            SubnetTAO::<Test>::get(NetUid::ROOT),
-            pending_root1 + pending_root2
-        );
     });
 }
 

From 0b13d2e7c34fce8a4b3aa1da33f4c8228dd250b3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 22 Sep 2025 15:36:16 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 043/218] Update tests

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs |  20 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs   | 205 +++++++++++++-------
 2 files changed, 141 insertions(+), 84 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
index b376be790e..32a8b3afe7 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
@@ -198,15 +198,15 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     ) {
         // Iterate over all the subnets this hotkey is staked on for root.
         for (netuid, claimable_rate) in RootClaimable::<T>::iter_prefix(hotkey) {
-            // Get the total claimable_rate for this hotkey and this network
-            let claimable_rate_u128: u128 = claimable_rate.saturating_to_num();
-
             // Get current staker root claimed value.
             let root_claimed: u128 = RootClaimed::<T>::get((hotkey, coldkey, netuid));
 
             // Increase root claimed based on the claimable rate.
-            let new_root_claimed =
-                root_claimed.saturating_add(claimable_rate_u128.saturating_mul(amount.into()));
+            let new_root_claimed = root_claimed.saturating_add(
+                claimable_rate
+                    .saturating_mul(I96F32::from(u64::from(amount)))
+                    .saturating_to_num(),
+            );
 
             // Set the new root claimed value.
             RootClaimed::<T>::insert((hotkey, coldkey, netuid), new_root_claimed);
@@ -224,15 +224,15 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                 continue; // Skip the root netuid.
             }
 
-            // Get the total claimable_rate for this hotkey and this network
-            let claimable_rate_u128: u128 = claimable_rate.saturating_to_num();
-
             // Get current staker root claimed value.
             let root_claimed: u128 = RootClaimed::<T>::get((hotkey, coldkey, netuid));
 
             // Decrease root claimed based on the claimable rate.
-            let new_root_claimed = root_claimed
-                .saturating_sub(claimable_rate_u128.saturating_mul(u64::from(amount).into()));
+            let new_root_claimed = root_claimed.saturating_sub(
+                claimable_rate
+                    .saturating_mul(I96F32::from(u64::from(amount)))
+                    .saturating_to_num(),
+            );
 
             // Set the new root_claimed value.
             RootClaimed::<T>::insert((hotkey, coldkey, netuid), new_root_claimed);
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
index de2c40814c..76626b11f9 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-use crate::RootClaimable;
 use crate::tests::mock::{RuntimeOrigin, SubtensorModule, Test, add_dynamic_network, new_test_ext};
+use crate::{NetworksAdded, RootClaimable, SubtokenEnabled};
 use crate::{RootClaimType, RootClaimTypeEnum, RootClaimed};
 use approx::assert_abs_diff_eq;
 use frame_support::assert_ok;
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use substrate_fixed::types::I96F32;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, NetUid};
 
 #[test]
-fn test_set_root_claim_type() {
+fn test_claim_root_set_claim_type() {
     new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
         let coldkey = U256::from(1);
 
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_drain_emissions() {
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn test_adding_stake_proportionally_for_two_stakers() {
+fn test_claim_root_adding_stake_proportionally_for_two_stakers() {
     new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
         let owner_coldkey = U256::from(1001);
         let hotkey = U256::from(1002);
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ fn test_adding_stake_proportionally_for_two_stakers() {
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn test_adding_stake_disproportionally_for_two_stakers() {
+fn test_claim_root_adding_stake_disproportionally_for_two_stakers() {
     new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
         let owner_coldkey = U256::from(1001);
         let hotkey = U256::from(1002);
@@ -334,20 +334,28 @@ fn test_adding_stake_disproportionally_for_two_stakers() {
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn test_claim_root_with_removed_stake() {
+fn test_claim_root_with_changed_stake() {
     new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
         let owner_coldkey = U256::from(1001);
         let hotkey = U256::from(1002);
-        let coldkey = U256::from(1003);
+        let alice_coldkey = U256::from(1003);
+        let bob_coldkey = U256::from(1004);
         let netuid = add_dynamic_network(&hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
-        let validator_take_percent = 0.18f64;
 
         SubtensorModule::set_tao_weight(u64::MAX); // Set TAO weight to 1.0
+        SubtokenEnabled::<Test>::insert(NetUid::ROOT, true);
+        NetworksAdded::<Test>::insert(NetUid::ROOT, true);
 
-        let root_stake = 2_000_000u64;
+        let root_stake = 8_000_000u64;
         SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
             &hotkey,
-            &coldkey,
+            &alice_coldkey,
+            NetUid::ROOT,
+            root_stake.into(),
+        );
+        SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &bob_coldkey,
             NetUid::ROOT,
             root_stake.into(),
         );
@@ -360,16 +368,20 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_removed_stake() {
             initial_total_hotkey_alpha.into(),
         );
 
-        let old_validator_stake = SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
-            &hotkey,
-            &owner_coldkey,
-            netuid,
-        );
-        assert_eq!(old_validator_stake, initial_total_hotkey_alpha.into());
+        // Claim root alpha
+
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::set_root_claim_type(
+            RuntimeOrigin::signed(alice_coldkey),
+            RootClaimTypeEnum::Keep
+        ),);
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::set_root_claim_type(
+            RuntimeOrigin::signed(bob_coldkey),
+            RootClaimTypeEnum::Keep
+        ),);
 
         // Distribute pending root alpha
 
-        let pending_root_alpha = 20_000_000u64;
+        let pending_root_alpha = 10_000_000u64;
         SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
             netuid,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
@@ -377,54 +389,100 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_removed_stake() {
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
 
-        // Check claimable
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(
+            alice_coldkey
+        ),));
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(
+            bob_coldkey
+        ),));
 
-        let claimable = RootClaimable::<Test>::get(hotkey, netuid);
-        let calculated_rate =
-            (pending_root_alpha as f64) * (1f64 - validator_take_percent) / (root_stake as f64);
+        // Check stakes
+        let validator_take_percent = 0.18f64;
 
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-            claimable.saturating_to_num::<f64>(),
-            calculated_rate,
-            epsilon = 0.001f64,
-        );
+        let alice_stake: u64 = SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &alice_coldkey,
+            netuid,
+        )
+        .into();
 
-        // Claim root alpha
+        let bob_stake: u64 = SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &bob_coldkey,
+            netuid,
+        )
+        .into();
 
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::set_root_claim_type(
-            RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),
-            RootClaimTypeEnum::Keep
-        ),);
-        assert_eq!(RootClaimType::<Test>::get(coldkey), RootClaimTypeEnum::Keep);
+        let estimated_stake = (pending_root_alpha as f64) * (1f64 - validator_take_percent) / 2f64;
 
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),));
+        assert_eq!(alice_stake, bob_stake);
 
-        let new_stake: u64 =
-            SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid)
-                .into();
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(alice_stake, estimated_stake as u64, epsilon = 100u64,);
 
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-            new_stake,
-            (I96F32::from(root_stake) * claimable).saturating_to_num::<u64>(),
-            epsilon = 10u64,
+        // Remove stake
+        let stake_decrement = root_stake / 2u64;
+
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::remove_stake(
+            RuntimeOrigin::signed(bob_coldkey,),
+            hotkey,
+            NetUid::ROOT,
+            stake_decrement.into(),
+        ));
+
+        // Distribute pending root alpha
+
+        let pending_root_alpha = 10_000_000u64;
+        SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
+            netuid,
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
+            pending_root_alpha.into(),
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
 
-        // Check root claimed value saved
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(
+            alice_coldkey
+        ),));
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(
+            bob_coldkey
+        ),));
 
-        let claimed = RootClaimed::<Test>::get((&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid));
-        assert_eq!(u128::from(new_stake), claimed);
+        // Check new stakes
 
-        // Distribute pending root alpha (round 2)
+        let alice_stake2: u64 = SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &alice_coldkey,
+            netuid,
+        )
+        .into();
 
-        let root_stake_decrement = 1_000_000u64;
-        let decreased_root_stake = root_stake - root_stake_decrement;
-        SubtensorModule::decrease_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+        let bob_stake2: u64 = SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
             &hotkey,
-            &coldkey,
+            &bob_coldkey,
+            netuid,
+        )
+        .into();
+
+        let estimated_stake = (pending_root_alpha as f64) * (1f64 - validator_take_percent) / 3f64;
+
+        let alice_stake_diff = alice_stake2 - alice_stake;
+        let bob_stake_diff = bob_stake2 - bob_stake;
+
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(alice_stake_diff, 2 * bob_stake_diff, epsilon = 100u64,);
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(bob_stake_diff, estimated_stake as u64, epsilon = 100u64,);
+
+        // Add stake
+        let stake_increment = root_stake / 2u64;
+
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::add_stake(
+            RuntimeOrigin::signed(bob_coldkey,),
+            hotkey,
             NetUid::ROOT,
-            root_stake_decrement.into(),
-        );
+            stake_increment.into(),
+        ));
 
+        // Distribute pending root alpha
+
+        let pending_root_alpha = 10_000_000u64;
         SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
             netuid,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
@@ -432,36 +490,35 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_removed_stake() {
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
 
-        // Check claimable (round 2)
-
-        let claimable2 = RootClaimable::<Test>::get(hotkey, netuid);
-        let calculated_rate = (pending_root_alpha as f64) * (1f64 - validator_take_percent)
-            / (decreased_root_stake as f64);
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(
+            alice_coldkey
+        ),));
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(
+            bob_coldkey
+        ),));
 
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-            claimable2.saturating_to_num::<f64>(),
-            calculated_rate + claimable.saturating_to_num::<f64>(),
-            epsilon = 0.001f64,
-        );
+        // Check new stakes
 
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),));
+        let alice_stake3: u64 = SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &alice_coldkey,
+            netuid,
+        )
+        .into();
 
-        let new_stake2: u64 =
-            SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid)
-                .into();
-        let calculated_new_stake2 = (I96F32::from(decreased_root_stake) * claimable2)
-            .saturating_to_num::<u64>()
-            - (claimed as u64);
+        let bob_stake3: u64 = SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &bob_coldkey,
+            netuid,
+        )
+        .into();
 
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-            u64::from(new_stake2),
-            new_stake + calculated_new_stake2,
-            epsilon = 10u64,
-        );
+        let estimated_stake = (pending_root_alpha as f64) * (1f64 - validator_take_percent) / 2f64;
 
-        // Check root claimed value saved (round 2)
+        let alice_stake_diff2 = alice_stake3 - alice_stake2;
+        let bob_stake_diff2 = bob_stake3 - bob_stake2;
 
-        let claimed2 = RootClaimed::<Test>::get((&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid));
-        assert_eq!(u128::from(u64::from(new_stake2)), claimed2);
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(alice_stake_diff2, bob_stake_diff2, epsilon = 100u64,);
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(bob_stake_diff2, estimated_stake as u64, epsilon = 100u64,);
     });
 }

From e03b730ed84932a19eead4e3b202dc3ee5dd1e2d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Greg Zaitsev <gregz@opentensor.dev>
Date: Mon, 22 Sep 2025 16:53:57 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 044/218] Do not run epoch if keys have duplicate hotkeys

---
 .../subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs    |  4 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/epoch/run_epoch.rs      | 18 ++++++-
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch.rs          | 52 +++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 72 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs
index 3f2f715df6..4cf0a0db18 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs
@@ -256,7 +256,9 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                 log::warn!("Failed to reveal commits for subnet {netuid} due to error: {e:?}");
             };
             // Pass on subnets that have not reached their tempo.
-            if Self::should_run_epoch(netuid, current_block) {
+            if Self::should_run_epoch(netuid, current_block)
+                && Self::is_epoch_input_state_consistent(netuid)
+            {
                 // Restart counters.
                 BlocksSinceLastStep::<T>::insert(netuid, 0);
                 LastMechansimStepBlock::<T>::insert(netuid, current_block);
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/epoch/run_epoch.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/epoch/run_epoch.rs
index 660690ae9f..266c5b2861 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/epoch/run_epoch.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/epoch/run_epoch.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use super::*;
 use crate::epoch::math::*;
-use alloc::collections::BTreeMap;
+use alloc::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet};
 use frame_support::IterableStorageDoubleMap;
 use safe_math::*;
 use sp_std::collections::btree_map::IntoIter;
@@ -1617,4 +1617,20 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
 
         Ok(())
     }
+
+    /// This function ensures major assumptions made by epoch function:
+    ///   1. Keys map has no duplicate hotkeys
+    ///
+    pub fn is_epoch_input_state_consistent(netuid: NetUid) -> bool {
+        // Check if Keys map has duplicate hotkeys or uids
+        let mut hotkey_set: BTreeSet<T::AccountId> = BTreeSet::new();
+        // `iter_prefix` over a double map yields (uid, value) for the given first key.
+        for (_uid, hotkey) in Keys::<T>::iter_prefix(netuid) {
+            if !hotkey_set.insert(hotkey) {
+                log::error!("Duplicate hotkeys detected for netuid {netuid:?}");
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        true
+    }
 }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch.rs
index 7c23dc2b2c..a163112f26 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch.rs
@@ -3883,3 +3883,55 @@ fn test_last_update_size_mismatch() {
         assert_eq!(SubtensorModule::get_dividends_for_uid(netuid, uid), 0);
     });
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn empty_ok() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let netuid: NetUid = 155.into();
+        assert!(Pallet::<Test>::is_epoch_input_state_consistent(netuid));
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn unique_hotkeys_and_uids_ok() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let netuid: NetUid = 155.into();
+
+        // (netuid, uid) -> hotkey (AccountId = U256)
+        Keys::<Test>::insert(netuid, 0u16, U256::from(1u64));
+        Keys::<Test>::insert(netuid, 1u16, U256::from(2u64));
+        Keys::<Test>::insert(netuid, 2u16, U256::from(3u64));
+
+        assert!(Pallet::<Test>::is_epoch_input_state_consistent(netuid));
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn duplicate_hotkey_within_same_netuid_fails() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let netuid: NetUid = 155.into();
+
+        // Same hotkey mapped from two different UIDs in the SAME netuid
+        let hk = U256::from(42u64);
+        Keys::<Test>::insert(netuid, 0u16, hk);
+        Keys::<Test>::insert(netuid, 1u16, U256::from(42u64)); // duplicate hotkey
+
+        assert!(!Pallet::<Test>::is_epoch_input_state_consistent(netuid));
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn same_hotkey_across_different_netuids_is_ok() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let net_a: NetUid = 10.into();
+        let net_b: NetUid = 11.into();
+
+        // Same hotkey appears once in each netuid — each net checks independently.
+        let hk = U256::from(777u64);
+        Keys::<Test>::insert(net_a, 0u16, hk);
+        Keys::<Test>::insert(net_b, 0u16, hk);
+
+        assert!(Pallet::<Test>::is_epoch_input_state_consistent(net_a));
+        assert!(Pallet::<Test>::is_epoch_input_state_consistent(net_b));
+    });
+}

From 73f3a356f99de026dfd4abda1c6e73267a90571f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Greg Zaitsev <gregz@opentensor.dev>
Date: Mon, 22 Sep 2025 17:38:00 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 045/218] Spec version bump

---
 runtime/src/lib.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/runtime/src/lib.rs b/runtime/src/lib.rs
index 254bec73a3..20f4bac2b3 100644
--- a/runtime/src/lib.rs
+++ b/runtime/src/lib.rs
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ pub const VERSION: RuntimeVersion = RuntimeVersion {
     //   `spec_version`, and `authoring_version` are the same between Wasm and native.
     // This value is set to 100 to notify Polkadot-JS App (https://polkadot.js.org/apps) to use
     //   the compatible custom types.
-    spec_version: 318,
+    spec_version: 319,
     impl_version: 1,
     apis: RUNTIME_API_VERSIONS,
     transaction_version: 1,

From 265076eb6e47d71cbc82f1e6e38f6e0b40526840 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Greg Zaitsev <gregz@opentensor.dev>
Date: Mon, 22 Sep 2025 17:57:28 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 046/218] Fix error output

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/epoch/run_epoch.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/epoch/run_epoch.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/epoch/run_epoch.rs
index 266c5b2861..461d42dd09 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/epoch/run_epoch.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/epoch/run_epoch.rs
@@ -1627,7 +1627,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         // `iter_prefix` over a double map yields (uid, value) for the given first key.
         for (_uid, hotkey) in Keys::<T>::iter_prefix(netuid) {
             if !hotkey_set.insert(hotkey) {
-                log::error!("Duplicate hotkeys detected for netuid {netuid:?}");
+                log::error!("Duplicate hotkeys detected for netuid {}", netuid);
                 return false;
             }
         }

From 8537cccb8f2cd363c49885aba425b6532858c4a6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Greg Zaitsev <gregz@opentensor.dev>
Date: Mon, 22 Sep 2025 17:59:41 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 047/218] Fix clippy

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/epoch/run_epoch.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/epoch/run_epoch.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/epoch/run_epoch.rs
index 461d42dd09..c91a8ba1f3 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/epoch/run_epoch.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/epoch/run_epoch.rs
@@ -1627,7 +1627,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         // `iter_prefix` over a double map yields (uid, value) for the given first key.
         for (_uid, hotkey) in Keys::<T>::iter_prefix(netuid) {
             if !hotkey_set.insert(hotkey) {
-                log::error!("Duplicate hotkeys detected for netuid {}", netuid);
+                log::error!("Duplicate hotkeys detected for netuid {netuid}");
                 return false;
             }
         }

From 8d1140db45760c108ba930bd7cd4a4e476369078 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 22 Sep 2025 18:44:22 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 048/218] Fix swap claim root

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs |  25 ++-
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs   | 197 +++++++++++++++++++-
 2 files changed, 213 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
index 32a8b3afe7..f5402d65fb 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
@@ -50,6 +50,12 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             .checked_div(total)
             .unwrap_or(I96F32::saturating_from_num(0.0));
 
+        if u64::from(amount) > total.saturating_to_num::<u64>() {
+            log::error!("Not enough root stake. NetUID = {netuid}");
+
+            return;
+        }
+
         // Increment claimable for this subnet.
         RootClaimable::<T>::mutate(hotkey, netuid, |total| {
             *total = total.saturating_add(increment);
@@ -137,13 +143,18 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             //  Increase stake on root
             RootClaimTypeEnum::Swap => {
                 // Swap the alpha owed to TAO
-                let Ok(owed_tao) = Self::swap_alpha_for_tao(
+                let owed_tao = match Self::swap_alpha_for_tao(
                     netuid,
                     owed_u64.into(),
-                    T::SwapInterface::max_price().into(),
+                    T::SwapInterface::min_price().into(),
                     false,
-                ) else {
-                    return; // no-op
+                ) {
+                    Ok(owed_tao) => owed_tao,
+                    Err(err) => {
+                        log::error!("Error swapping alpha for TAO: {err:?}");
+
+                        return;
+                    }
                 };
 
                 Self::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
@@ -152,6 +163,12 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                     NetUid::ROOT,
                     owed_tao.amount_paid_out.into(),
                 );
+
+                Self::add_stake_adjust_root_claimed_for_hotkey_and_coldkey(
+                    hotkey,
+                    coldkey,
+                    owed_tao.amount_paid_out.into(),
+                );
             }
             RootClaimTypeEnum::Keep => {
                 // Increase the stake with the alpha owned
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
index 76626b11f9..db6a553824 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,15 @@
 use crate::tests::mock::{RuntimeOrigin, SubtensorModule, Test, add_dynamic_network, new_test_ext};
-use crate::{NetworksAdded, RootClaimable, SubtokenEnabled};
+use crate::{
+    NetworksAdded, RootClaimable, SubnetAlphaIn, SubnetMechanism, SubnetTAO, SubtokenEnabled,
+    pallet,
+};
 use crate::{RootClaimType, RootClaimTypeEnum, RootClaimed};
 use approx::assert_abs_diff_eq;
 use frame_support::assert_ok;
 use sp_core::U256;
 use substrate_fixed::types::I96F32;
-use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, NetUid};
+use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
+use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
 
 #[test]
 fn test_claim_root_set_claim_type() {
@@ -164,6 +168,7 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_drain_emissions() {
 fn test_claim_root_adding_stake_proportionally_for_two_stakers() {
     new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
         let owner_coldkey = U256::from(1001);
+        let other_coldkey = U256::from(10010);
         let hotkey = U256::from(1002);
         let alice_coldkey = U256::from(1003);
         let bob_coldkey = U256::from(1004);
@@ -185,6 +190,14 @@ fn test_claim_root_adding_stake_proportionally_for_two_stakers() {
             root_stake.into(),
         );
 
+        let root_stake_rate = 0.1f64;
+        SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &other_coldkey,
+            NetUid::ROOT,
+            (8 * root_stake).into(),
+        );
+
         let initial_total_hotkey_alpha = 10_000_000u64;
         SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
             &hotkey,
@@ -238,7 +251,8 @@ fn test_claim_root_adding_stake_proportionally_for_two_stakers() {
         )
         .into();
 
-        let estimated_stake = (pending_root_alpha as f64) * (1f64 - validator_take_percent) / 2f64;
+        let estimated_stake =
+            (pending_root_alpha as f64) * (1f64 - validator_take_percent) * root_stake_rate;
 
         assert_eq!(alice_stake, bob_stake);
 
@@ -250,6 +264,7 @@ fn test_claim_root_adding_stake_proportionally_for_two_stakers() {
 fn test_claim_root_adding_stake_disproportionally_for_two_stakers() {
     new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
         let owner_coldkey = U256::from(1001);
+        let other_coldkey = U256::from(10010);
         let hotkey = U256::from(1002);
         let alice_coldkey = U256::from(1003);
         let bob_coldkey = U256::from(1004);
@@ -259,6 +274,9 @@ fn test_claim_root_adding_stake_disproportionally_for_two_stakers() {
 
         let alice_root_stake = 1_000_000u64;
         let bob_root_stake = 2_000_000u64;
+        let other_root_stake = 7_000_000u64;
+
+        let alice_root_stake_rate = 0.1f64;
         SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
             &hotkey,
             &alice_coldkey,
@@ -272,6 +290,13 @@ fn test_claim_root_adding_stake_disproportionally_for_two_stakers() {
             bob_root_stake.into(),
         );
 
+        SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &other_coldkey,
+            NetUid::ROOT,
+            (other_root_stake).into(),
+        );
+
         let initial_total_hotkey_alpha = 10_000_000u64;
         SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
             &hotkey,
@@ -325,11 +350,12 @@ fn test_claim_root_adding_stake_disproportionally_for_two_stakers() {
         )
         .into();
 
-        let estimated_stake = (pending_root_alpha as f64) * (1f64 - validator_take_percent) / 3f64;
+        let alice_estimated_stake =
+            (pending_root_alpha as f64) * (1f64 - validator_take_percent) * alice_root_stake_rate;
 
         assert_eq!(2 * alice_stake, bob_stake);
 
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(alice_stake, estimated_stake as u64, epsilon = 100u64,);
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(alice_stake, alice_estimated_stake as u64, epsilon = 100u64,);
     });
 }
 
@@ -522,3 +548,164 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_changed_stake() {
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(bob_stake_diff2, estimated_stake as u64, epsilon = 100u64,);
     });
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn test_claim_root_with_drain_emissions_and_swap_claim_type() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let owner_coldkey = U256::from(1001);
+        let other_coldkey = U256::from(10010);
+        let hotkey = U256::from(1002);
+        let coldkey = U256::from(1003);
+        let netuid = add_dynamic_network(&hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+
+        SubtensorModule::set_tao_weight(u64::MAX); // Set TAO weight to 1.0
+        SubnetMechanism::<Test>::insert(netuid, 1);
+
+        // let initial_balance = 10_000_000u64;
+        // SubtensorModule::add_balance_to_coldkey_account(&coldkey, initial_balance.into());
+
+        let tao_reserve = TaoCurrency::from(50_000_000_000);
+        let alpha_in = AlphaCurrency::from(100_000_000_000);
+        SubnetTAO::<Test>::insert(netuid, tao_reserve);
+        SubnetAlphaIn::<Test>::insert(netuid, alpha_in);
+        let current_price =
+            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into())
+                .saturating_to_num::<f64>();
+        assert_eq!(current_price, 0.5f64);
+
+        let root_stake = 2_000_000u64;
+        SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &coldkey,
+            NetUid::ROOT,
+            root_stake.into(),
+        );
+        let root_stake_rate = 0.1f64;
+        SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &other_coldkey,
+            NetUid::ROOT,
+            (9 * root_stake).into(),
+        );
+
+        let initial_total_hotkey_alpha = 10_000_000u64;
+        SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &owner_coldkey,
+            netuid,
+            initial_total_hotkey_alpha.into(),
+        );
+
+        // Distribute pending root alpha
+
+        let pending_root_alpha = 10_000_000u64;
+        SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
+            netuid,
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
+            pending_root_alpha.into(),
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
+        );
+
+        // Claim root alpha
+
+        let validator_take_percent = 0.18f64;
+
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::set_root_claim_type(
+            RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),
+            RootClaimTypeEnum::Swap
+        ),);
+        assert_eq!(RootClaimType::<Test>::get(coldkey), RootClaimTypeEnum::Swap);
+
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),));
+
+        // Check new stake
+
+        let new_stake: u64 = SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &coldkey,
+            NetUid::ROOT,
+        )
+        .into();
+
+        let estimated_stake_increment = (pending_root_alpha as f64)
+            * (1f64 - validator_take_percent)
+            * current_price
+            * root_stake_rate;
+
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+            new_stake,
+            root_stake + estimated_stake_increment as u64,
+            epsilon = 10000u64,
+        );
+
+        // Distribute and claim pending root alpha (round 2)
+
+        SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
+            netuid,
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
+            pending_root_alpha.into(),
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
+        );
+
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),));
+
+        // Check new stake (2)
+
+        let new_stake2: u64 = SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &coldkey,
+            NetUid::ROOT,
+        )
+        .into();
+
+        // new root stake / new total stake
+        let root_stake_rate2 = (root_stake as f64 + estimated_stake_increment)
+            / (root_stake as f64 / root_stake_rate + estimated_stake_increment);
+        let estimated_stake_increment2 = (pending_root_alpha as f64)
+            * (1f64 - validator_take_percent)
+            * current_price
+            * root_stake_rate2;
+
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+            new_stake2,
+            new_stake + estimated_stake_increment2 as u64,
+            epsilon = 10000u64,
+        );
+        // Distribute and claim pending root alpha (round 3)
+
+        SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
+            netuid,
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
+            pending_root_alpha.into(),
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
+        );
+
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),));
+
+        // Check new stake (3)
+
+        let new_stake3: u64 = SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &coldkey,
+            NetUid::ROOT,
+        )
+        .into();
+
+        // new root stake / new total stake
+        let root_stake_rate3 =
+            (root_stake as f64 + estimated_stake_increment + estimated_stake_increment2)
+                / (root_stake as f64 / root_stake_rate
+                    + estimated_stake_increment
+                    + estimated_stake_increment2);
+        let estimated_stake_increment3 = (pending_root_alpha as f64)
+            * (1f64 - validator_take_percent)
+            * current_price
+            * root_stake_rate3;
+
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+            new_stake3,
+            new_stake2 + estimated_stake_increment3 as u64,
+            epsilon = 10000u64,
+        );
+    });
+}

From 12788fcd917eaf9921cb2854adce66991a4e522f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 24 Sep 2025 10:24:59 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 049/218] fix(runtime): remove create_pure from proxy call
 filter

---
 runtime/src/lib.rs | 4 +---
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/runtime/src/lib.rs b/runtime/src/lib.rs
index d5604e485a..9a7ed01d91 100644
--- a/runtime/src/lib.rs
+++ b/runtime/src/lib.rs
@@ -1649,9 +1649,7 @@ impl Contains<RuntimeCall> for ContractCallFilter {
             ),
             RuntimeCall::Proxy(inner) => matches!(
                 inner,
-                pallet_proxy::Call::proxy { .. }
-                    | pallet_proxy::Call::add_proxy { .. }
-                    | pallet_proxy::Call::create_pure { .. }
+                pallet_proxy::Call::proxy { .. } | pallet_proxy::Call::add_proxy { .. }
             ),
             _ => false,
         }

From 65bb4f010509be1a56777da23719b43d2f99a4fe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 24 Sep 2025 17:24:18 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 050/218] Add basic run_coinbase test

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs | 66 ++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 64 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
index db6a553824..7eaeef54f7 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 use crate::tests::mock::{RuntimeOrigin, SubtensorModule, Test, add_dynamic_network, new_test_ext};
 use crate::{
     NetworksAdded, RootClaimable, SubnetAlphaIn, SubnetMechanism, SubnetTAO, SubtokenEnabled,
-    pallet,
+    Tempo, pallet,
 };
 use crate::{RootClaimType, RootClaimTypeEnum, RootClaimed};
 use approx::assert_abs_diff_eq;
 use frame_support::assert_ok;
 use sp_core::U256;
-use substrate_fixed::types::I96F32;
+use substrate_fixed::types::{I96F32, U96F32};
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
 use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
 
@@ -709,3 +709,65 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_drain_emissions_and_swap_claim_type() {
         );
     });
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn test_claim_root_with_run_coinbase() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let owner_coldkey = U256::from(1001);
+        let hotkey = U256::from(1002);
+        let coldkey = U256::from(1003);
+        let netuid = add_dynamic_network(&hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+
+        Tempo::<Test>::insert(netuid, 1);
+        SubtensorModule::set_tao_weight(u64::MAX); // Set TAO weight to 1.0
+
+        let root_stake = 200_000_000u64;
+        SubnetTAO::<Test>::insert(NetUid::ROOT, TaoCurrency::from(root_stake));
+
+        SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &coldkey,
+            NetUid::ROOT,
+            root_stake.into(),
+        );
+
+        let initial_total_hotkey_alpha = 10_000_000u64;
+        SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &owner_coldkey,
+            netuid,
+            initial_total_hotkey_alpha.into(),
+        );
+
+        // Distribute pending root alpha
+
+        let initial_stake: u64 =
+            SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid)
+                .into();
+        assert_eq!(initial_stake, 0u64);
+
+        let block_emissions = 1_000_000u64;
+        SubtensorModule::run_coinbase(U96F32::from(block_emissions));
+
+        // Claim root alpha
+
+        let initial_stake: u64 =
+            SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid)
+                .into();
+        assert_eq!(initial_stake, 0u64);
+
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::set_root_claim_type(
+            RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),
+            RootClaimTypeEnum::Keep
+        ),);
+        assert_eq!(RootClaimType::<Test>::get(coldkey), RootClaimTypeEnum::Keep);
+
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),));
+
+        let new_stake: u64 =
+            SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid)
+                .into();
+
+        assert!(new_stake > 0);
+    });
+}

From 1accdfa3cda5589b630c308aaaabf331f81ee922 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 25 Sep 2025 15:30:37 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 051/218] Fix block indices to claim

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs                 |  6 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs  | 18 +++-
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/stake_utils.rs |  1 +
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs    | 97 +++++++++++++++++++-
 4 files changed, 115 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
index ba48e25544..6e633daab8 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
@@ -1865,7 +1865,11 @@ pub mod pallet {
     >;
 
     #[pallet::storage] // --- MAP ( u64 ) --> coldkey | Maps coldkeys that have stake to an index
-    pub type StakingColdkeys<T: Config> = StorageMap<_, Identity, u64, T::AccountId, OptionQuery>;
+    pub type StakingColdkeysByIndex<T: Config> =
+        StorageMap<_, Identity, u64, T::AccountId, OptionQuery>;
+
+    #[pallet::storage] // --- MAP ( coldkey ) --> index | Maps index that have stake to a coldkey
+    pub type StakingColdkeys<T: Config> = StorageMap<_, Identity, T::AccountId, u64, OptionQuery>;
 
     #[pallet::storage] // --- Value --> num_staking_coldkeys
     pub type NumStakingColdkeys<T: Config> = StorageValue<_, u64, ValueQuery, DefaultZeroU64<T>>;
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
index f5402d65fb..8a78cf016b 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 use super::*;
 use frame_support::weights::Weight;
 use sp_core::Get;
+use sp_std::collections::btree_set::BTreeSet;
 use substrate_fixed::types::I96F32;
 use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
 
 impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     pub fn block_hash_to_indices(block_hash: T::Hash, k: u64, n: u64) -> Vec<u64> {
         let block_hash_bytes = block_hash.as_ref();
-        let mut indices: Vec<u64> = Vec::new();
+        let mut indices: BTreeSet<u64> = BTreeSet::new();
         // k < n
         let start_index: u64 = u64::from_be_bytes(
             block_hash_bytes
@@ -30,10 +31,10 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                 .saturating_add(idx_step)
                 .checked_rem(n)
                 .unwrap_or(0);
-            indices.push(idx);
+            indices.insert(idx);
             last_idx = idx;
         }
-        indices
+        indices.into_iter().collect()
     }
 
     pub fn increase_root_claimable_for_hotkey_and_subnet(
@@ -277,6 +278,15 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         Weight::default()
     }
 
+    pub fn maybe_add_coldkey_index(coldkey: &T::AccountId) {
+        if !StakingColdkeys::<T>::contains_key(coldkey) {
+            let n = NumStakingColdkeys::<T>::get();
+            StakingColdkeysByIndex::<T>::insert(n, coldkey.clone());
+            StakingColdkeys::<T>::insert(coldkey.clone(), n);
+            NumStakingColdkeys::<T>::mutate(|n| *n = n.saturating_add(1));
+        }
+    }
+
     pub fn run_auto_claim_root_divs(last_block_hash: T::Hash) -> Weight {
         let mut weight: Weight = Weight::default();
 
@@ -289,7 +299,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
 
         for i in coldkeys_to_claim.iter() {
             weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads(1));
-            if let Ok(coldkey) = StakingColdkeys::<T>::try_get(i) {
+            if let Ok(coldkey) = StakingColdkeysByIndex::<T>::try_get(i) {
                 weight.saturating_accrue(Self::do_root_claim(coldkey.clone()));
             }
 
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/stake_utils.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/stake_utils.rs
index e38e46fea6..5944488a44 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/stake_utils.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/stake_utils.rs
@@ -830,6 +830,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             // Adjust root claimed for this hotkey and coldkey.
             let alpha = swap_result.amount_paid_out.into();
             Self::add_stake_adjust_root_claimed_for_hotkey_and_coldkey(hotkey, coldkey, alpha);
+            Self::maybe_add_coldkey_index(coldkey);
         }
 
         // Deposit and log the staking event.
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
index 7eaeef54f7..7a8e5707a1 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-use crate::tests::mock::{RuntimeOrigin, SubtensorModule, Test, add_dynamic_network, new_test_ext};
+use crate::tests::mock::{
+    RuntimeOrigin, SubtensorModule, Test, add_dynamic_network, new_test_ext, run_to_block,
+};
 use crate::{
     NetworksAdded, RootClaimable, SubnetAlphaIn, SubnetMechanism, SubnetTAO, SubtokenEnabled,
     Tempo, pallet,
@@ -6,7 +8,7 @@ use crate::{
 use crate::{RootClaimType, RootClaimTypeEnum, RootClaimed};
 use approx::assert_abs_diff_eq;
 use frame_support::assert_ok;
-use sp_core::U256;
+use sp_core::{H256, U256};
 use substrate_fixed::types::{I96F32, U96F32};
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
 use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
@@ -771,3 +773,94 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_run_coinbase() {
         assert!(new_stake > 0);
     });
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn test_claim_root_bloch_hash_indices() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let k = 15u64;
+        let n = 15000u64;
+
+        // 1
+        let hash = sp_core::keccak_256(b"some");
+        let mut indices = SubtensorModule::block_hash_to_indices(H256(hash), k, n);
+        indices.sort();
+
+        assert!(indices.len() <= k as usize);
+        assert!(!indices.iter().any(|i| *i >= n));
+        // precomputed values
+        let expected_result = vec![
+            265, 630, 1286, 1558, 4496, 4861, 5517, 5789, 6803, 8096, 9092, 11034, 11399, 12055,
+            12327,
+        ];
+        assert_eq!(indices, expected_result);
+
+        // 2
+        let hash = sp_core::keccak_256(b"some2");
+        let mut indices = SubtensorModule::block_hash_to_indices(H256(hash), k, n);
+        indices.sort();
+
+        assert!(indices.len() <= k as usize);
+        assert!(!indices.iter().any(|i| *i >= n));
+        // precomputed values
+        let expected_result = vec![
+            61, 246, 1440, 2855, 3521, 5236, 6130, 6615, 8511, 9405, 9890, 11786, 11971, 13165,
+            14580,
+        ];
+        assert_eq!(indices, expected_result);
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_claim_root_with_block_emissions() {
+    new_test_ext(0).execute_with(|| {
+        let owner_coldkey = U256::from(1001);
+        let hotkey = U256::from(1002);
+        let coldkey = U256::from(1003);
+        let netuid = add_dynamic_network(&hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+
+        Tempo::<Test>::insert(netuid, 1);
+        SubtensorModule::set_tao_weight(u64::MAX); // Set TAO weight to 1.0
+
+        let root_stake = 200_000_000u64;
+        SubnetTAO::<Test>::insert(NetUid::ROOT, TaoCurrency::from(root_stake));
+
+        SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &coldkey,
+            NetUid::ROOT,
+            root_stake.into(),
+        );
+        SubtensorModule::maybe_add_coldkey_index(&coldkey);
+
+        let initial_total_hotkey_alpha = 10_000_000u64;
+        SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &owner_coldkey,
+            netuid,
+            initial_total_hotkey_alpha.into(),
+        );
+
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::set_root_claim_type(
+            RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),
+            RootClaimTypeEnum::Keep
+        ),);
+        assert_eq!(RootClaimType::<Test>::get(coldkey), RootClaimTypeEnum::Keep);
+
+        // Distribute pending root alpha
+
+        let initial_stake: u64 =
+            SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid)
+                .into();
+        assert_eq!(initial_stake, 0u64);
+
+        run_to_block(2);
+
+        // Check stake after block emissions
+
+        let new_stake: u64 =
+            SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid)
+                .into();
+
+        assert!(new_stake > 0);
+    });
+}

From dae1677d33e80afc4b3668d02d1e35153cb611c4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aliaksandr Tsurko <ales@opentensor.dev>
Date: Tue, 23 Sep 2025 19:29:04 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 052/218] Update tests in swap pallet

---
 pallets/swap-interface/src/order.rs |   4 +-
 pallets/swap/Cargo.toml             |   2 +-
 pallets/swap/src/mock.rs            |  71 ++-
 pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs    | 943 +++++++++++++---------------
 4 files changed, 513 insertions(+), 507 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/swap-interface/src/order.rs b/pallets/swap-interface/src/order.rs
index 72a1dafbae..5fbfad9923 100644
--- a/pallets/swap-interface/src/order.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap-interface/src/order.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ pub trait Order: Clone {
     fn is_beyond_price_limit(&self, alpha_sqrt_price: U64F64, limit_sqrt_price: U64F64) -> bool;
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone)]
+#[derive(Clone, Default)]
 pub struct AlphaForTao<ReserveIn, ReserveOut>
 where
     ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<TaoCurrency>,
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone)]
+#[derive(Clone, Default)]
 pub struct TaoForAlpha<ReserveIn, ReserveOut>
 where
     ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<AlphaCurrency>,
diff --git a/pallets/swap/Cargo.toml b/pallets/swap/Cargo.toml
index a013b8468e..7de8e49c1d 100644
--- a/pallets/swap/Cargo.toml
+++ b/pallets/swap/Cargo.toml
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ substrate-fixed.workspace = true
 
 pallet-subtensor-swap-runtime-api.workspace = true
 subtensor-macros.workspace = true
-subtensor-runtime-common.workspace = true
+subtensor-runtime-common = { workspace = true, features = ["approx"] }
 subtensor-swap-interface.workspace = true
 
 [dev-dependencies]
diff --git a/pallets/swap/src/mock.rs b/pallets/swap/src/mock.rs
index cb1dfec260..9feee8a72c 100644
--- a/pallets/swap/src/mock.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap/src/mock.rs
@@ -14,11 +14,13 @@ use sp_runtime::{
     BuildStorage, Vec,
     traits::{BlakeTwo256, IdentityLookup},
 };
+use substrate_fixed::types::U64F64;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{
-    AlphaCurrency, BalanceOps, CurrencyReserve, NetUid, SubnetInfo, TaoCurrency,
+    AlphaCurrency, BalanceOps, Currency, CurrencyReserve, NetUid, SubnetInfo, TaoCurrency,
 };
+use subtensor_swap_interface::Order;
 
-use crate::pallet::EnabledUserLiquidity;
+use crate::pallet::{EnabledUserLiquidity, FeeGlobalAlpha, FeeGlobalTao};
 
 construct_runtime!(
     pub enum Test {
@@ -85,7 +87,8 @@ parameter_types! {
     pub const MinimumReserves: NonZeroU64 = NonZeroU64::new(1).unwrap();
 }
 
-pub(crate) struct TaoReserve;
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct TaoReserve;
 
 impl CurrencyReserve<TaoCurrency> for TaoReserve {
     fn reserve(netuid: NetUid) -> TaoCurrency {
@@ -97,11 +100,12 @@ impl CurrencyReserve<TaoCurrency> for TaoReserve {
         .into()
     }
 
-    fn increase_provided(netuid: NetUid, amount: TaoCurrency) {}
-    fn decrease_provided(netuid: NetUid, amount: TaoCurrency) {}
+    fn increase_provided(_: NetUid, _: TaoCurrency) {}
+    fn decrease_provided(_: NetUid, _: TaoCurrency) {}
 }
 
-pub(crate) struct AlphaReserve;
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct AlphaReserve;
 
 impl CurrencyReserve<AlphaCurrency> for AlphaReserve {
     fn reserve(netuid: NetUid) -> AlphaCurrency {
@@ -112,8 +116,59 @@ impl CurrencyReserve<AlphaCurrency> for AlphaReserve {
         }
     }
 
-    fn increase_provided(netuid: NetUid, amount: AlphaCurrency) {}
-    fn decrease_provided(netuid: NetUid, amount: AlphaCurrency) {}
+    fn increase_provided(_: NetUid, _: AlphaCurrency) {}
+    fn decrease_provided(_: NetUid, _: AlphaCurrency) {}
+}
+
+pub type AlphaForTao = subtensor_swap_interface::AlphaForTao<TaoReserve, AlphaReserve>;
+pub type TaoForAlpha = subtensor_swap_interface::TaoForAlpha<AlphaReserve, TaoReserve>;
+
+pub(crate) trait GlobalFeeInfo: Currency {
+    fn global_fee(&self, netuid: NetUid) -> U64F64;
+}
+
+impl GlobalFeeInfo for TaoCurrency {
+    fn global_fee(&self, netuid: NetUid) -> U64F64 {
+        FeeGlobalTao::<Test>::get(netuid)
+    }
+}
+
+impl GlobalFeeInfo for AlphaCurrency {
+    fn global_fee(&self, netuid: NetUid) -> U64F64 {
+        FeeGlobalAlpha::<Test>::get(netuid)
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) trait TestExt<O: Order> {
+    fn approx_expected_swap_output(
+        sqrt_current_price: f64,
+        liquidity_before: f64,
+        order_liquidity: f64,
+    ) -> f64;
+}
+
+impl TestExt<AlphaForTao> for Test {
+    fn approx_expected_swap_output(
+        sqrt_current_price: f64,
+        liquidity_before: f64,
+        order_liquidity: f64,
+    ) -> f64 {
+        let denom = sqrt_current_price * (sqrt_current_price * liquidity_before + order_liquidity);
+        let per_order_liq = liquidity_before / denom;
+        per_order_liq * order_liquidity
+    }
+}
+
+impl TestExt<TaoForAlpha> for Test {
+    fn approx_expected_swap_output(
+        sqrt_current_price: f64,
+        liquidity_before: f64,
+        order_liquidity: f64,
+    ) -> f64 {
+        let denom = liquidity_before / sqrt_current_price + order_liquidity;
+        let per_order_liq = sqrt_current_price * liquidity_before / denom;
+        per_order_liq * order_liquidity
+    }
 }
 
 // Mock implementor of SubnetInfo trait
diff --git a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs
index 011a74936a..3d73c24d43 100644
--- a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs
@@ -8,9 +8,10 @@ use sp_arithmetic::helpers_128bit;
 use sp_runtime::DispatchError;
 use substrate_fixed::types::U96F32;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::NetUid;
-use subtensor_swap_interface::{AlphaForTao, Order, TaoForAlpha};
+use subtensor_swap_interface::Order as OrderT;
 
 use super::*;
+use crate::pallet::swap_step::*;
 use crate::{SqrtPrice, mock::*};
 
 // this function is used to convert price (NON-SQRT price!) to TickIndex. it's only utility for
@@ -666,14 +667,7 @@ fn test_modify_position_basic() {
             // Swap to create fees on the position
             let sqrt_limit_price = SqrtPrice::from_num((limit_price).sqrt());
             let order = AlphaForTao::with_amount(liquidity / 10);
-            Pallet::<Test>::do_swap::<_, TaoReserve, AlphaReserve>(
-                netuid,
-                order,
-                sqrt_limit_price,
-                false,
-                false,
-            )
-            .unwrap();
+            Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(netuid, order, sqrt_limit_price, false, false).unwrap();
 
             // Modify liquidity (also causes claiming of fees)
             let liquidity_before = CurrentLiquidity::<Test>::get(netuid);
@@ -755,68 +749,272 @@ fn test_modify_position_basic() {
 #[test]
 fn test_swap_basic() {
     new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
+        fn perform_test<Order>(
+            netuid: NetUid,
+            order: Order,
+            limit_price: f64,
+            output_amount: u64,
+            price_should_grow: bool,
+        ) where
+            Order: OrderT,
+            Order::PaidIn: GlobalFeeInfo,
+            BasicSwapStep<Test, Order::PaidIn, Order::PaidOut>:
+                SwapStep<Test, Order::PaidIn, Order::PaidOut>,
+        {
+            // Consumed liquidity ticks
+            let tick_low = TickIndex::MIN;
+            let tick_high = TickIndex::MAX;
+            let liquidity = order.amount().to_u64();
+
+            // Setup swap
+            assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::maybe_initialize_v3(netuid));
+
+            // Get tick infos before the swap
+            let tick_low_info_before = Ticks::<Test>::get(netuid, tick_low).unwrap_or_default();
+            let tick_high_info_before = Ticks::<Test>::get(netuid, tick_high).unwrap_or_default();
+            let liquidity_before = CurrentLiquidity::<Test>::get(netuid);
+
+            // Get current price
+            let current_price = Pallet::<Test>::current_price(netuid);
+
+            // Swap
+            let sqrt_limit_price = SqrtPrice::from_num((limit_price).sqrt());
+            let swap_result =
+                Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(netuid, order.clone(), sqrt_limit_price, false, false)
+                    .unwrap();
+            assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+                swap_result.amount_paid_out.to_u64(),
+                output_amount,
+                epsilon = output_amount / 100
+            );
+
+            assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+                swap_result.paid_in_reserve_delta() as u64,
+                liquidity,
+                epsilon = liquidity / 10
+            );
+            assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+                swap_result.paid_out_reserve_delta() as i64,
+                -(output_amount as i64),
+                epsilon = output_amount as i64 / 10
+            );
+
+            // Check that low and high ticks' fees were updated properly, and liquidity values were not updated
+            let tick_low_info = Ticks::<Test>::get(netuid, tick_low).unwrap();
+            let tick_high_info = Ticks::<Test>::get(netuid, tick_high).unwrap();
+            let expected_liquidity_net_low = tick_low_info_before.liquidity_net;
+            let expected_liquidity_gross_low = tick_low_info_before.liquidity_gross;
+            let expected_liquidity_net_high = tick_high_info_before.liquidity_net;
+            let expected_liquidity_gross_high = tick_high_info_before.liquidity_gross;
+            assert_eq!(tick_low_info.liquidity_net, expected_liquidity_net_low,);
+            assert_eq!(tick_low_info.liquidity_gross, expected_liquidity_gross_low,);
+            assert_eq!(tick_high_info.liquidity_net, expected_liquidity_net_high,);
+            assert_eq!(
+                tick_high_info.liquidity_gross,
+                expected_liquidity_gross_high,
+            );
+
+            // Expected fee amount
+            let fee_rate = FeeRate::<Test>::get(netuid) as f64 / u16::MAX as f64;
+            let expected_fee = (liquidity as f64 * fee_rate) as u64;
+
+            // Global fees should be updated
+            let actual_global_fee = (order.amount().global_fee(netuid).to_num::<f64>()
+                * (liquidity_before as f64)) as u64;
+
+            assert!((swap_result.fee_paid.to_u64() as i64 - expected_fee as i64).abs() <= 1);
+            assert!((actual_global_fee as i64 - expected_fee as i64).abs() <= 1);
+
+            // Tick fees should be updated
+
+            // Liquidity position should not be updated
+            let protocol_id = Pallet::<Test>::protocol_account_id();
+            let positions =
+                Positions::<Test>::iter_prefix_values((netuid, protocol_id)).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+            let position = positions.first().unwrap();
+
+            assert_eq!(
+                position.liquidity,
+                helpers_128bit::sqrt(
+                    TaoReserve::reserve(netuid.into()).to_u64() as u128
+                        * AlphaReserve::reserve(netuid.into()).to_u64() as u128
+                ) as u64
+            );
+            assert_eq!(position.tick_low, tick_low);
+            assert_eq!(position.tick_high, tick_high);
+            assert_eq!(position.fees_alpha, 0);
+            assert_eq!(position.fees_tao, 0);
+
+            // Current liquidity is not updated
+            assert_eq!(CurrentLiquidity::<Test>::get(netuid), liquidity_before);
+
+            // Assert that price movement is in correct direction
+            let sqrt_current_price_after = AlphaSqrtPrice::<Test>::get(netuid);
+            let current_price_after = Pallet::<Test>::current_price(netuid);
+            assert_eq!(current_price_after >= current_price, price_should_grow);
+
+            // Assert that current tick is updated
+            let current_tick = CurrentTick::<Test>::get(netuid);
+            let expected_current_tick =
+                TickIndex::from_sqrt_price_bounded(sqrt_current_price_after);
+            assert_eq!(current_tick, expected_current_tick);
+        }
+
         // Current price is 0.25
         // Test case is (order_type, liquidity, limit_price, output_amount)
-        [
-            (OrderType::Buy, 1_000u64, 1000.0_f64, 3990_u64),
-            (OrderType::Sell, 1_000u64, 0.0001_f64, 250_u64),
-            (OrderType::Buy, 500_000_000, 1000.0, 2_000_000_000),
-        ]
-        .into_iter()
-        .enumerate()
-        .map(|(n, v)| (NetUid::from(n as u16 + 1), v.0, v.1, v.2, v.3))
-        .for_each(
-            |(netuid, order_type, liquidity, limit_price, output_amount)| {
-                // Consumed liquidity ticks
-                let tick_low = TickIndex::MIN;
-                let tick_high = TickIndex::MAX;
+        perform_test(
+            1.into(),
+            AlphaForTao::with_amount(1_000),
+            1000.0,
+            3990,
+            true,
+        );
+        perform_test(
+            2.into(),
+            TaoForAlpha::with_amount(1_000),
+            0.0001,
+            250,
+            false,
+        );
+        perform_test(
+            3.into(),
+            AlphaForTao::with_amount(500_000_000),
+            1000.0,
+            2_000_000_000,
+            true,
+        );
+    });
+}
 
-                // Setup swap
+// In this test the swap starts and ends within one (large liquidity) position
+// SKIP_WASM_BUILD=1 RUST_LOG=debug cargo test --package pallet-subtensor-swap --lib -- pallet::tests::test_swap_single_position --exact --show-output
+#[test]
+fn test_swap_single_position() {
+    let min_price = tick_to_price(TickIndex::MIN);
+    let max_price = tick_to_price(TickIndex::MAX);
+    let max_tick = price_to_tick(max_price);
+    let netuid = NetUid::from(1);
+    assert_eq!(max_tick, TickIndex::MAX);
+
+    let mut current_price_low = 0_f64;
+    let mut current_price_high = 0_f64;
+    let mut current_price = 0_f64;
+    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
+        let (low, high) = get_ticked_prices_around_current_price();
+        current_price_low = low;
+        current_price_high = high;
+        current_price = Pallet::<Test>::current_price(netuid).to_num::<f64>();
+    });
+
+    macro_rules! perform_test {
+        ($order_t:ident,
+		 $price_low_offset:expr,
+		 $price_high_offset:expr,
+		 $position_liquidity:expr,
+		 $liquidity_fraction:expr,
+		 $limit_price:expr,
+		 $price_should_grow:expr
+		 ) => {
+            new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
+                let price_low_offset = $price_low_offset;
+                let price_high_offset = $price_high_offset;
+                let position_liquidity = $position_liquidity;
+                let order_liquidity_fraction = $liquidity_fraction;
+                let limit_price = $limit_price;
+                let price_should_grow = $price_should_grow;
+
+                //////////////////////////////////////////////
+                // Initialize pool and add the user position
                 assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::maybe_initialize_v3(netuid));
+                let tao_reserve = TaoReserve::reserve(netuid.into()).to_u64();
+                let alpha_reserve = AlphaReserve::reserve(netuid.into()).to_u64();
+                let protocol_liquidity = (tao_reserve as f64 * alpha_reserve as f64).sqrt();
+
+                // Add liquidity
+                let current_price = Pallet::<Test>::current_price(netuid).to_num::<f64>();
+                let sqrt_current_price = AlphaSqrtPrice::<Test>::get(netuid).to_num::<f64>();
+
+                let price_low = price_low_offset + current_price;
+                let price_high = price_high_offset + current_price;
+                let tick_low = price_to_tick(price_low);
+                let tick_high = price_to_tick(price_high);
+                let (_position_id, _tao, _alpha) = Pallet::<Test>::do_add_liquidity(
+                    netuid,
+                    &OK_COLDKEY_ACCOUNT_ID,
+                    &OK_HOTKEY_ACCOUNT_ID,
+                    tick_low,
+                    tick_high,
+                    position_liquidity,
+                )
+                .unwrap();
+
+                // Liquidity position at correct ticks
+                assert_eq!(
+                    Pallet::<Test>::count_positions(netuid, &OK_COLDKEY_ACCOUNT_ID),
+                    1
+                );
 
                 // Get tick infos before the swap
                 let tick_low_info_before = Ticks::<Test>::get(netuid, tick_low).unwrap_or_default();
                 let tick_high_info_before =
                     Ticks::<Test>::get(netuid, tick_high).unwrap_or_default();
                 let liquidity_before = CurrentLiquidity::<Test>::get(netuid);
+                assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+                    liquidity_before as f64,
+                    protocol_liquidity + position_liquidity as f64,
+                    epsilon = liquidity_before as f64 / 1000.
+                );
 
-                // Get current price
-                let current_price = Pallet::<Test>::current_price(netuid);
-
+                //////////////////////////////////////////////
                 // Swap
+
+                // Calculate the expected output amount for the cornercase of one step
+                let order_liquidity = order_liquidity_fraction * position_liquidity as f64;
+
+                let output_amount = <Test as TestExt<$order_t>>::approx_expected_swap_output(
+                    sqrt_current_price,
+                    liquidity_before as f64,
+                    order_liquidity,
+                );
+
+                // Do the swap
                 let sqrt_limit_price = SqrtPrice::from_num((limit_price).sqrt());
-                let swap_result = Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(
-                    netuid,
-                    order_type,
-                    liquidity,
-                    sqrt_limit_price,
-                    false,
-                    false,
-                )
-                .unwrap();
+                let order = $order_t::with_amount(order_liquidity as u64);
+                let swap_result =
+                    Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(netuid, order, sqrt_limit_price, false, false).unwrap();
                 assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-                    swap_result.amount_paid_out,
+                    swap_result.amount_paid_out.to_u64() as f64,
                     output_amount,
-                    epsilon = output_amount / 100
+                    epsilon = output_amount / 10.
                 );
 
-                let (tao_delta_expected, alpha_delta_expected) = match order_type {
-                    OrderType::Buy => (liquidity as i64, -(output_amount as i64)),
-                    OrderType::Sell => (-(output_amount as i64), liquidity as i64),
-                };
+                if order_liquidity_fraction <= 0.001 {
+                    assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+                        swap_result.paid_in_reserve_delta() as i64,
+                        order_liquidity as i64,
+                        epsilon = order_liquidity as i64 / 10
+                    );
+                    assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+                        swap_result.paid_out_reserve_delta() as i64,
+                        -(output_amount as i64),
+                        epsilon = output_amount as i64 / 10
+                    );
+                }
 
-                assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-                    swap_result.alpha_reserve_delta,
-                    alpha_delta_expected,
-                    epsilon = alpha_delta_expected.abs() / 10
-                );
-                assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-                    swap_result.tao_reserve_delta,
-                    tao_delta_expected,
-                    epsilon = tao_delta_expected.abs() / 10
-                );
+                // Assert that price movement is in correct direction
+                let current_price_after = Pallet::<Test>::current_price(netuid);
+                assert_eq!(price_should_grow, current_price_after > current_price);
+
+                // Assert that for small amounts price stays within the user position
+                if (order_liquidity_fraction <= 0.001)
+                    && (price_low_offset > 0.0001)
+                    && (price_high_offset > 0.0001)
+                {
+                    assert!(current_price_after <= price_high);
+                    assert!(current_price_after >= price_low);
+                }
 
-                // Check that low and high ticks' fees were updated properly, and liquidity values were not updated
+                // Check that low and high ticks' fees were updated properly
                 let tick_low_info = Ticks::<Test>::get(netuid, tick_low).unwrap();
                 let tick_high_info = Ticks::<Test>::get(netuid, tick_high).unwrap();
                 let expected_liquidity_net_low = tick_low_info_before.liquidity_net;
@@ -833,79 +1031,38 @@ fn test_swap_basic() {
 
                 // Expected fee amount
                 let fee_rate = FeeRate::<Test>::get(netuid) as f64 / u16::MAX as f64;
-                let expected_fee = (liquidity as f64 * fee_rate) as u64;
-
-                // Global fees should be updated
-                let actual_global_fee = ((match order_type {
-                    OrderType::Buy => FeeGlobalTao::<Test>::get(netuid),
-                    OrderType::Sell => FeeGlobalAlpha::<Test>::get(netuid),
-                })
-                .to_num::<f64>()
+                let expected_fee = (order_liquidity - order_liquidity / (1.0 + fee_rate)) as u64;
+
+                // // Global fees should be updated
+                let actual_global_fee = ($order_t::with_amount(0)
+                    .amount()
+                    .global_fee(netuid)
+                    .to_num::<f64>()
                     * (liquidity_before as f64)) as u64;
 
-                assert!((swap_result.fee_paid as i64 - expected_fee as i64).abs() <= 1);
-                assert!((actual_global_fee as i64 - expected_fee as i64).abs() <= 1);
+                assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+                    swap_result.fee_paid.to_u64(),
+                    expected_fee,
+                    epsilon = expected_fee / 10
+                );
+                assert_abs_diff_eq!(actual_global_fee, expected_fee, epsilon = expected_fee / 10);
 
                 // Tick fees should be updated
 
                 // Liquidity position should not be updated
-                let protocol_id = Pallet::<Test>::protocol_account_id();
-                let positions = Positions::<Test>::iter_prefix_values((netuid, protocol_id))
-                    .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+                let positions =
+                    Positions::<Test>::iter_prefix_values((netuid, OK_COLDKEY_ACCOUNT_ID))
+                        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
                 let position = positions.first().unwrap();
 
-                assert_eq!(
-                    position.liquidity,
-                    helpers_128bit::sqrt(
-                        MockLiquidityProvider::tao_reserve(netuid.into()).to_u64() as u128
-                            * MockLiquidityProvider::alpha_reserve(netuid.into()).to_u64() as u128
-                    ) as u64
-                );
+                assert_eq!(position.liquidity, position_liquidity,);
                 assert_eq!(position.tick_low, tick_low);
                 assert_eq!(position.tick_high, tick_high);
                 assert_eq!(position.fees_alpha, 0);
                 assert_eq!(position.fees_tao, 0);
-
-                // Current liquidity is not updated
-                assert_eq!(CurrentLiquidity::<Test>::get(netuid), liquidity_before);
-
-                // Assert that price movement is in correct direction
-                let sqrt_current_price_after = Pallet::<Test>::current_price_sqrt(netuid);
-                let current_price_after = Pallet::<Test>::current_price(netuid);
-                match order_type {
-                    OrderType::Buy => assert!(current_price_after >= current_price),
-                    OrderType::Sell => assert!(current_price_after <= current_price),
-                }
-
-                // Assert that current tick is updated
-                let current_tick = CurrentTick::<Test>::get(netuid);
-                let expected_current_tick =
-                    TickIndex::from_sqrt_price_bounded(sqrt_current_price_after);
-                assert_eq!(current_tick, expected_current_tick);
-            },
-        );
-    });
-}
-
-// In this test the swap starts and ends within one (large liquidity) position
-// SKIP_WASM_BUILD=1 RUST_LOG=debug cargo test --package pallet-subtensor-swap --lib -- pallet::tests::test_swap_single_position --exact --show-output
-#[test]
-fn test_swap_single_position() {
-    let min_price = tick_to_price(TickIndex::MIN);
-    let max_price = tick_to_price(TickIndex::MAX);
-    let max_tick = price_to_tick(max_price);
-    let netuid = NetUid::from(1);
-    assert_eq!(max_tick, TickIndex::MAX);
-
-    let mut current_price_low = 0_f64;
-    let mut current_price_high = 0_f64;
-    let mut current_price = 0_f64;
-    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-        let (low, high) = get_ticked_prices_around_current_price();
-        current_price_low = low;
-        current_price_high = high;
-        current_price = Pallet::<Test>::current_price(netuid).to_num::<f64>();
-    });
+            });
+        };
+    }
 
     // Current price is 0.25
     // The test case is based on the current price and position prices are defined as a price
@@ -946,195 +1103,26 @@ fn test_swap_single_position() {
         |(price_low_offset, price_high_offset, position_liquidity)| {
             // Inner part of test case is Order: (order_type, order_liquidity, limit_price)
             // order_liquidity is represented as a fraction of position_liquidity
-            [
-                (OrderType::Buy, 0.0001, 1000.0_f64),
-                (OrderType::Sell, 0.0001, 0.0001_f64),
-                (OrderType::Buy, 0.001, 1000.0_f64),
-                (OrderType::Sell, 0.001, 0.0001_f64),
-                (OrderType::Buy, 0.01, 1000.0_f64),
-                (OrderType::Sell, 0.01, 0.0001_f64),
-                (OrderType::Buy, 0.1, 1000.0_f64),
-                (OrderType::Sell, 0.1, 0.0001),
-                (OrderType::Buy, 0.2, 1000.0_f64),
-                (OrderType::Sell, 0.2, 0.0001),
-                (OrderType::Buy, 0.5, 1000.0),
-                (OrderType::Sell, 0.5, 0.0001),
-            ]
-            .into_iter()
-            .for_each(|(order_type, order_liquidity_fraction, limit_price)| {
-                new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-                    //////////////////////////////////////////////
-                    // Initialize pool and add the user position
-                    assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::maybe_initialize_v3(netuid));
-                    let tao_reserve = MockLiquidityProvider::tao_reserve(netuid.into()).to_u64();
-                    let alpha_reserve =
-                        MockLiquidityProvider::alpha_reserve(netuid.into()).to_u64();
-                    let protocol_liquidity = (tao_reserve as f64 * alpha_reserve as f64).sqrt();
-
-                    // Add liquidity
-                    let current_price = Pallet::<Test>::current_price(netuid).to_num::<f64>();
-                    let sqrt_current_price =
-                        Pallet::<Test>::current_price_sqrt(netuid).to_num::<f64>();
-
-                    let price_low = price_low_offset + current_price;
-                    let price_high = price_high_offset + current_price;
-                    let tick_low = price_to_tick(price_low);
-                    let tick_high = price_to_tick(price_high);
-                    let (_position_id, _tao, _alpha) = Pallet::<Test>::do_add_liquidity(
-                        netuid,
-                        &OK_COLDKEY_ACCOUNT_ID,
-                        &OK_HOTKEY_ACCOUNT_ID,
-                        tick_low,
-                        tick_high,
-                        position_liquidity,
-                    )
-                    .unwrap();
-
-                    // Liquidity position at correct ticks
-                    assert_eq!(
-                        Pallet::<Test>::count_positions(netuid, &OK_COLDKEY_ACCOUNT_ID),
-                        1
-                    );
-
-                    // Get tick infos before the swap
-                    let tick_low_info_before =
-                        Ticks::<Test>::get(netuid, tick_low).unwrap_or_default();
-                    let tick_high_info_before =
-                        Ticks::<Test>::get(netuid, tick_high).unwrap_or_default();
-                    let liquidity_before = CurrentLiquidity::<Test>::get(netuid);
-                    assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-                        liquidity_before as f64,
-                        protocol_liquidity + position_liquidity as f64,
-                        epsilon = liquidity_before as f64 / 1000.
-                    );
-
-                    //////////////////////////////////////////////
-                    // Swap
-
-                    // Calculate the expected output amount for the cornercase of one step
-                    let order_liquidity = order_liquidity_fraction * position_liquidity as f64;
-
-                    let output_amount = match order_type {
-                        OrderType::Buy => {
-                            let denom = sqrt_current_price
-                                * (sqrt_current_price * liquidity_before as f64 + order_liquidity);
-                            let per_order_liq = liquidity_before as f64 / denom;
-                            per_order_liq * order_liquidity
-                        }
-                        OrderType::Sell => {
-                            let denom =
-                                liquidity_before as f64 / sqrt_current_price + order_liquidity;
-                            let per_order_liq =
-                                sqrt_current_price * liquidity_before as f64 / denom;
-                            per_order_liq * order_liquidity
-                        }
-                    };
-
-                    // Do the swap
-                    let sqrt_limit_price = SqrtPrice::from_num((limit_price).sqrt());
-                    let swap_result = Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(
-                        netuid,
-                        order_type,
-                        order_liquidity as u64,
-                        sqrt_limit_price,
-                        false,
-                        false,
-                    )
-                    .unwrap();
-                    assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-                        swap_result.amount_paid_out as f64,
-                        output_amount,
-                        epsilon = output_amount / 10.
-                    );
-
-                    if order_liquidity_fraction <= 0.001 {
-                        let (tao_delta_expected, alpha_delta_expected) = match order_type {
-                            OrderType::Buy => (order_liquidity as i64, -(output_amount as i64)),
-                            OrderType::Sell => (-(output_amount as i64), order_liquidity as i64),
-                        };
-                        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-                            swap_result.alpha_reserve_delta,
-                            alpha_delta_expected,
-                            epsilon = alpha_delta_expected.abs() / 10
-                        );
-                        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-                            swap_result.tao_reserve_delta,
-                            tao_delta_expected,
-                            epsilon = tao_delta_expected.abs() / 10
-                        );
-                    }
-
-                    // Assert that price movement is in correct direction
-                    let current_price_after = Pallet::<Test>::current_price(netuid);
-                    match order_type {
-                        OrderType::Buy => assert!(current_price_after > current_price),
-                        OrderType::Sell => assert!(current_price_after < current_price),
-                    }
-
-                    // Assert that for small amounts price stays within the user position
-                    if (order_liquidity_fraction <= 0.001)
-                        && (price_low_offset > 0.0001)
-                        && (price_high_offset > 0.0001)
-                    {
-                        assert!(current_price_after <= price_high);
-                        assert!(current_price_after >= price_low);
-                    }
-
-                    // Check that low and high ticks' fees were updated properly
-                    let tick_low_info = Ticks::<Test>::get(netuid, tick_low).unwrap();
-                    let tick_high_info = Ticks::<Test>::get(netuid, tick_high).unwrap();
-                    let expected_liquidity_net_low = tick_low_info_before.liquidity_net;
-                    let expected_liquidity_gross_low = tick_low_info_before.liquidity_gross;
-                    let expected_liquidity_net_high = tick_high_info_before.liquidity_net;
-                    let expected_liquidity_gross_high = tick_high_info_before.liquidity_gross;
-                    assert_eq!(tick_low_info.liquidity_net, expected_liquidity_net_low,);
-                    assert_eq!(tick_low_info.liquidity_gross, expected_liquidity_gross_low,);
-                    assert_eq!(tick_high_info.liquidity_net, expected_liquidity_net_high,);
-                    assert_eq!(
-                        tick_high_info.liquidity_gross,
-                        expected_liquidity_gross_high,
-                    );
-
-                    // Expected fee amount
-                    let fee_rate = FeeRate::<Test>::get(netuid) as f64 / u16::MAX as f64;
-                    let expected_fee =
-                        (order_liquidity - order_liquidity / (1.0 + fee_rate)) as u64;
-
-                    // Global fees should be updated
-                    let actual_global_fee = ((match order_type {
-                        OrderType::Buy => FeeGlobalTao::<Test>::get(netuid),
-                        OrderType::Sell => FeeGlobalAlpha::<Test>::get(netuid),
-                    })
-                    .to_num::<f64>()
-                        * (liquidity_before as f64))
-                        as u64;
-
-                    assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-                        swap_result.fee_paid,
-                        expected_fee,
-                        epsilon = expected_fee / 10
-                    );
-                    assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-                        actual_global_fee,
-                        expected_fee,
-                        epsilon = expected_fee / 10
-                    );
-
-                    // Tick fees should be updated
-
-                    // Liquidity position should not be updated
-                    let positions =
-                        Positions::<Test>::iter_prefix_values((netuid, OK_COLDKEY_ACCOUNT_ID))
-                            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-                    let position = positions.first().unwrap();
-
-                    assert_eq!(position.liquidity, position_liquidity,);
-                    assert_eq!(position.tick_low, tick_low);
-                    assert_eq!(position.tick_high, tick_high);
-                    assert_eq!(position.fees_alpha, 0);
-                    assert_eq!(position.fees_tao, 0);
-                });
-            });
+            for liquidity_fraction in [0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5] {
+                perform_test!(
+                    AlphaForTao,
+                    price_low_offset,
+                    price_high_offset,
+                    position_liquidity,
+                    liquidity_fraction,
+                    1000.0_f64,
+                    true
+                );
+                perform_test!(
+                    TaoForAlpha,
+                    price_low_offset,
+                    price_high_offset,
+                    position_liquidity,
+                    liquidity_fraction,
+                    0.0001_f64,
+                    false
+                );
+            }
         },
     );
 }
@@ -1210,102 +1198,78 @@ fn test_swap_multiple_positions() {
             },
         );
 
-        // All these orders are executed without swap reset
-        [
-            (OrderType::Buy, 100_000_u64, 1000.0_f64),
-            (OrderType::Sell, 100_000, 0.0001_f64),
-            (OrderType::Buy, 1_000_000, 1000.0_f64),
-            (OrderType::Sell, 1_000_000, 0.0001_f64),
-            (OrderType::Buy, 10_000_000, 1000.0_f64),
-            (OrderType::Sell, 10_000_000, 0.0001_f64),
-            (OrderType::Buy, 100_000_000, 1000.0),
-            (OrderType::Sell, 100_000_000, 0.0001),
-            (OrderType::Buy, 200_000_000, 1000.0_f64),
-            (OrderType::Sell, 200_000_000, 0.0001),
-            (OrderType::Buy, 500_000_000, 1000.0),
-            (OrderType::Sell, 500_000_000, 0.0001),
-            (OrderType::Buy, 1_000_000_000, 1000.0),
-            (OrderType::Sell, 1_000_000_000, 0.0001),
-            (OrderType::Buy, 10_000_000_000, 1000.0),
-            (OrderType::Sell, 10_000_000_000, 0.0001),
-        ]
-        .into_iter()
-        .for_each(|(order_type, order_liquidity, limit_price)| {
-            //////////////////////////////////////////////
-            // Swap
-            let sqrt_current_price = Pallet::<Test>::current_price_sqrt(netuid);
-            let current_price = (sqrt_current_price * sqrt_current_price).to_num::<f64>();
-            let liquidity_before = CurrentLiquidity::<Test>::get(netuid);
+        macro_rules! perform_test {
+            ($order_t:ident, $order_liquidity:expr, $limit_price:expr, $should_price_grow:expr) => {
+                //////////////////////////////////////////////
+                // Swap
+                let order_liquidity = $order_liquidity;
+                let limit_price = $limit_price;
+                let should_price_grow = $should_price_grow;
 
-            let output_amount = match order_type {
-                OrderType::Buy => {
-                    let denom = sqrt_current_price.to_num::<f64>()
-                        * (sqrt_current_price.to_num::<f64>() * liquidity_before as f64
-                            + order_liquidity as f64);
-                    let per_order_liq = liquidity_before as f64 / denom;
-                    per_order_liq * order_liquidity as f64
-                }
-                OrderType::Sell => {
-                    let denom = liquidity_before as f64 / sqrt_current_price.to_num::<f64>()
-                        + order_liquidity as f64;
-                    let per_order_liq =
-                        sqrt_current_price.to_num::<f64>() * liquidity_before as f64 / denom;
-                    per_order_liq * order_liquidity as f64
-                }
-            };
+                let sqrt_current_price = AlphaSqrtPrice::<Test>::get(netuid);
+                let current_price = (sqrt_current_price * sqrt_current_price).to_num::<f64>();
+                let liquidity_before = CurrentLiquidity::<Test>::get(netuid);
+                let output_amount = <Test as TestExt<$order_t>>::approx_expected_swap_output(
+                    sqrt_current_price.to_num(),
+                    liquidity_before as f64,
+                    order_liquidity as f64,
+                );
 
-            // Do the swap
-            let sqrt_limit_price = SqrtPrice::from_num((limit_price).sqrt());
-            let swap_result = Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(
-                netuid,
-                order_type,
-                order_liquidity,
-                sqrt_limit_price,
-                false,
-                false,
-            )
-            .unwrap();
-            assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-                swap_result.amount_paid_out as f64,
-                output_amount,
-                epsilon = output_amount / 10.
-            );
+                // Do the swap
+                let sqrt_limit_price = SqrtPrice::from_num((limit_price).sqrt());
+                let order = $order_t::with_amount(order_liquidity);
+                let swap_result =
+                    Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(netuid, order, sqrt_limit_price, false, false).unwrap();
+                assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+                    swap_result.amount_paid_out.to_u64() as f64,
+                    output_amount,
+                    epsilon = output_amount / 10.
+                );
 
-            let tao_reserve = MockLiquidityProvider::tao_reserve(netuid.into()).to_u64();
-            let alpha_reserve = MockLiquidityProvider::alpha_reserve(netuid.into()).to_u64();
-            let output_amount = output_amount as u64;
+                let tao_reserve = TaoReserve::reserve(netuid.into()).to_u64();
+                let alpha_reserve = AlphaReserve::reserve(netuid.into()).to_u64();
+                let output_amount = output_amount as u64;
 
-            assert!(output_amount > 0);
+                assert!(output_amount > 0);
 
-            if alpha_reserve > order_liquidity && tao_reserve > order_liquidity {
-                let (tao_delta_expected, alpha_delta_expected) = match order_type {
-                    OrderType::Buy => (order_liquidity as i64, -(output_amount as i64)),
-                    OrderType::Sell => (-(output_amount as i64), order_liquidity as i64),
-                };
-                assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-                    swap_result.alpha_reserve_delta,
-                    alpha_delta_expected,
-                    epsilon = alpha_delta_expected.abs() / 100
-                );
-                assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-                    swap_result.tao_reserve_delta,
-                    tao_delta_expected,
-                    epsilon = tao_delta_expected.abs() / 100
-                );
-            }
+                if alpha_reserve > order_liquidity && tao_reserve > order_liquidity {
+                    assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+                        swap_result.paid_in_reserve_delta() as i64,
+                        order_liquidity as i64,
+                        epsilon = order_liquidity as i64 / 100
+                    );
+                    assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+                        swap_result.paid_out_reserve_delta() as i64,
+                        -(output_amount as i64),
+                        epsilon = output_amount as i64 / 100
+                    );
+                }
 
-            // Assert that price movement is in correct direction
-            let sqrt_current_price_after = Pallet::<Test>::current_price_sqrt(netuid);
-            let current_price_after =
-                (sqrt_current_price_after * sqrt_current_price_after).to_num::<f64>();
-            match order_type {
-                OrderType::Buy => assert!(current_price_after > current_price),
-                OrderType::Sell => assert!(current_price_after < current_price),
-            }
-        });
+                // Assert that price movement is in correct direction
+                let sqrt_current_price_after = AlphaSqrtPrice::<Test>::get(netuid);
+                let current_price_after =
+                    (sqrt_current_price_after * sqrt_current_price_after).to_num::<f64>();
+                assert_eq!(should_price_grow, current_price_after > current_price);
+            };
+        }
+
+        // All these orders are executed without swap reset
+        for order_liquidity in [
+            (100_000_u64),
+            (1_000_000),
+            (10_000_000),
+            (100_000_000),
+            (200_000_000),
+            (500_000_000),
+            (1_000_000_000),
+            (10_000_000_000),
+        ] {
+            perform_test!(AlphaForTao, order_liquidity, 1000.0_f64, true);
+            perform_test!(TaoForAlpha, order_liquidity, 0.0001_f64, false);
+        }
 
         // Current price shouldn't be much different from the original
-        let sqrt_current_price_after = Pallet::<Test>::current_price_sqrt(netuid);
+        let sqrt_current_price_after = AlphaSqrtPrice::<Test>::get(netuid);
         let current_price_after =
             (sqrt_current_price_after * sqrt_current_price_after).to_num::<f64>();
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(
@@ -1321,8 +1285,7 @@ fn test_swap_multiple_positions() {
 fn test_swap_precision_edge_case() {
     new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
         let netuid = NetUid::from(123); // 123 is netuid with low edge case liquidity
-        let order_type = OrderType::Sell;
-        let liquidity = 1_000_000_000_000_000_000;
+        let order = TaoForAlpha::with_amount(1_000_000_000_000_000_000);
         let tick_low = TickIndex::MIN;
 
         let sqrt_limit_price: SqrtPrice = tick_low.try_to_sqrt_price().unwrap();
@@ -1332,10 +1295,9 @@ fn test_swap_precision_edge_case() {
 
         // Swap
         let swap_result =
-            Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(netuid, order_type, liquidity, sqrt_limit_price, false, true)
-                .unwrap();
+            Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(netuid, order, sqrt_limit_price, false, true).unwrap();
 
-        assert!(swap_result.amount_paid_out > 0);
+        assert!(swap_result.amount_paid_out > TaoCurrency::ZERO);
     });
 }
 
@@ -1413,14 +1375,20 @@ fn test_convert_deltas() {
                 AlphaSqrtPrice::<Test>::insert(netuid, sqrt_price);
 
                 assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-                    Pallet::<Test>::convert_deltas(netuid, OrderType::Sell, delta_in),
-                    expected_sell,
-                    epsilon = 2
+                    BasicSwapStep::<Test, AlphaCurrency, TaoCurrency>::convert_deltas(
+                        netuid,
+                        delta_in.into()
+                    ),
+                    expected_sell.into(),
+                    epsilon = 2.into()
                 );
                 assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-                    Pallet::<Test>::convert_deltas(netuid, OrderType::Buy, delta_in),
-                    expected_buy,
-                    epsilon = 2
+                    BasicSwapStep::<Test, TaoCurrency, AlphaCurrency>::convert_deltas(
+                        netuid,
+                        delta_in.into()
+                    ),
+                    expected_buy.into(),
+                    epsilon = 2.into()
                 );
             }
         }
@@ -1534,8 +1502,7 @@ fn test_swap_fee_correctness() {
         // Swap buy and swap sell
         Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(
             netuid,
-            OrderType::Buy,
-            liquidity / 10,
+            AlphaForTao::with_amount(liquidity / 10),
             u64::MAX.into(),
             false,
             false,
@@ -1543,8 +1510,7 @@ fn test_swap_fee_correctness() {
         .unwrap();
         Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(
             netuid,
-            OrderType::Sell,
-            liquidity / 10,
+            TaoForAlpha::with_amount(liquidity / 10),
             0_u64.into(),
             false,
             false,
@@ -1641,8 +1607,7 @@ fn test_rollback_works() {
         assert_eq!(
             Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(
                 netuid,
-                OrderType::Buy,
-                1_000_000,
+                AlphaForTao::with_amount(1_000_000),
                 u64::MAX.into(),
                 false,
                 true
@@ -1650,8 +1615,7 @@ fn test_rollback_works() {
             .unwrap(),
             Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(
                 netuid,
-                OrderType::Buy,
-                1_000_000,
+                AlphaForTao::with_amount(1_000_000),
                 u64::MAX.into(),
                 false,
                 false
@@ -1695,8 +1659,7 @@ fn test_new_lp_doesnt_get_old_fees() {
         // Swap buy and swap sell
         Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(
             netuid,
-            OrderType::Buy,
-            liquidity / 10,
+            AlphaForTao::with_amount(liquidity / 10),
             u64::MAX.into(),
             false,
             false,
@@ -1704,8 +1667,7 @@ fn test_new_lp_doesnt_get_old_fees() {
         .unwrap();
         Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(
             netuid,
-            OrderType::Sell,
-            liquidity / 10,
+            TaoForAlpha::with_amount(liquidity / 10),
             0_u64.into(),
             false,
             false,
@@ -1748,7 +1710,7 @@ fn bbox(t: U64F64, a: U64F64, b: U64F64) -> U64F64 {
 }
 
 fn print_current_price(netuid: NetUid) {
-    let current_sqrt_price = Pallet::<Test>::current_price_sqrt(netuid).to_num::<f64>();
+    let current_sqrt_price = AlphaSqrtPrice::<Test>::get(netuid).to_num::<f64>();
     let current_price = current_sqrt_price * current_sqrt_price;
     log::trace!("Current price: {current_price:.6}");
 }
@@ -1776,20 +1738,16 @@ fn test_wrapping_fees() {
 
         print_current_price(netuid);
 
-        let swap_amt = 800_000_000_u64;
-        let order_type = OrderType::Sell;
+        let order = TaoForAlpha::with_amount(800_000_000);
         let sqrt_limit_price = SqrtPrice::from_num(0.000001);
-        Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(netuid, order_type, swap_amt, sqrt_limit_price, false, false)
-            .unwrap();
+        Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(netuid, order, sqrt_limit_price, false, false).unwrap();
 
-        let swap_amt = 1_850_000_000_u64;
-        let order_type = OrderType::Buy;
+        let order = AlphaForTao::with_amount(1_850_000_000);
         let sqrt_limit_price = SqrtPrice::from_num(1_000_000.0);
 
         print_current_price(netuid);
 
-        Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(netuid, order_type, swap_amt, sqrt_limit_price, false, false)
-            .unwrap();
+        Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(netuid, order, sqrt_limit_price, false, false).unwrap();
 
         print_current_price(netuid);
 
@@ -1803,14 +1761,12 @@ fn test_wrapping_fees() {
         )
         .unwrap();
 
-        let swap_amt = 1_800_000_000_u64;
-        let order_type = OrderType::Sell;
+        let order = TaoForAlpha::with_amount(1_800_000_000);
         let sqrt_limit_price = SqrtPrice::from_num(0.000001);
 
-        let initial_sqrt_price = Pallet::<Test>::current_price_sqrt(netuid);
-        Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(netuid, order_type, swap_amt, sqrt_limit_price, false, false)
-            .unwrap();
-        let final_sqrt_price = Pallet::<Test>::current_price_sqrt(netuid);
+        let initial_sqrt_price = AlphaSqrtPrice::<Test>::get(netuid);
+        Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(netuid, order, sqrt_limit_price, false, false).unwrap();
+        let final_sqrt_price = AlphaSqrtPrice::<Test>::get(netuid);
 
         print_current_price(netuid);
 
@@ -1876,74 +1832,70 @@ fn test_less_price_movement() {
     //   - Provide liquidity if iteration provides lq
     //   - Buy or sell
     //   - Save end price if iteration doesn't provide lq
-    [
-        (OrderType::Buy, 0_u64),
-        (OrderType::Buy, 1_000_000_000_000_u64),
-        (OrderType::Sell, 0_u64),
-        (OrderType::Sell, 1_000_000_000_000_u64),
-    ]
-    .into_iter()
-    .for_each(|(order_type, provided_liquidity)| {
-        new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-            // Setup swap
-            assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::maybe_initialize_v3(netuid));
+    macro_rules! perform_test {
+        ($order_t:ident, $provided_liquidity:expr, $limit_price:expr, $should_price_shrink:expr) => {
+            let provided_liquidity = $provided_liquidity;
+            let should_price_shrink = $should_price_shrink;
+            let limit_price = $limit_price;
+            new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
+                // Setup swap
+                assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::maybe_initialize_v3(netuid));
 
-            // Buy Alpha
-            assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(
-                netuid,
-                OrderType::Buy,
-                initial_stake_liquidity,
-                SqrtPrice::from_num(10_000_000_000_u64),
-                false,
-                false
-            ));
+                // Buy Alpha
+                assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(
+                    netuid,
+                    AlphaForTao::with_amount(initial_stake_liquidity),
+                    SqrtPrice::from_num(10_000_000_000_u64),
+                    false,
+                    false
+                ));
 
-            // Get current price
-            let start_price = Pallet::<Test>::current_price(netuid);
+                // Get current price
+                let start_price = Pallet::<Test>::current_price(netuid);
 
-            // Add liquidity if this test iteration provides
-            if provided_liquidity > 0 {
-                let tick_low = price_to_tick(start_price.to_num::<f64>() * 0.5);
-                let tick_high = price_to_tick(start_price.to_num::<f64>() * 1.5);
-                assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::do_add_liquidity(
+                // Add liquidity if this test iteration provides
+                if provided_liquidity > 0 {
+                    let tick_low = price_to_tick(start_price.to_num::<f64>() * 0.5);
+                    let tick_high = price_to_tick(start_price.to_num::<f64>() * 1.5);
+                    assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::do_add_liquidity(
+                        netuid,
+                        &OK_COLDKEY_ACCOUNT_ID,
+                        &OK_HOTKEY_ACCOUNT_ID,
+                        tick_low,
+                        tick_high,
+                        provided_liquidity,
+                    ));
+                }
+
+                // Swap
+                let sqrt_limit_price = SqrtPrice::from_num(limit_price);
+                assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(
                     netuid,
-                    &OK_COLDKEY_ACCOUNT_ID,
-                    &OK_HOTKEY_ACCOUNT_ID,
-                    tick_low,
-                    tick_high,
-                    provided_liquidity,
+                    $order_t::with_amount(swapped_liquidity),
+                    sqrt_limit_price,
+                    false,
+                    false
                 ));
-            }
-
-            // Swap
-            let sqrt_limit_price = if order_type == OrderType::Buy {
-                SqrtPrice::from_num(1000.)
-            } else {
-                SqrtPrice::from_num(0.001)
-            };
-            assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(
-                netuid,
-                order_type,
-                swapped_liquidity,
-                sqrt_limit_price,
-                false,
-                false
-            ));
 
-            let end_price = Pallet::<Test>::current_price(netuid);
+                let end_price = Pallet::<Test>::current_price(netuid);
 
-            // Save end price if iteration doesn't provide or compare with previous end price if it does
-            if provided_liquidity > 0 {
-                if order_type == OrderType::Buy {
-                    assert!(end_price < last_end_price);
+                // Save end price if iteration doesn't provide or compare with previous end price if
+                // it does
+                if provided_liquidity > 0 {
+                    assert_eq!(should_price_shrink, end_price < last_end_price);
                 } else {
-                    assert!(end_price > last_end_price);
+                    last_end_price = end_price;
                 }
-            } else {
-                last_end_price = end_price;
-            }
-        });
-    });
+            });
+        };
+    }
+
+    for provided_liquidity in [0, 1_000_000_000_000_u64] {
+        perform_test!(AlphaForTao, provided_liquidity, 1000.0_f64, true);
+    }
+    for provided_liquidity in [0, 1_000_000_000_000_u64] {
+        perform_test!(TaoForAlpha, provided_liquidity, 0.001_f64, false);
+    }
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -2021,8 +1973,7 @@ fn test_liquidate_v3_removes_positions_ticks_and_state() {
         let sqrt_limit_price = SqrtPrice::from_num(1_000_000.0);
         assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(
             netuid,
-            OrderType::Buy,
-            1_000_000,
+            AlphaForTao::with_amount(1_000_000),
             sqrt_limit_price,
             false,
             false
@@ -2320,8 +2271,8 @@ fn liquidate_v3_refunds_user_funds_and_clears_state() {
             need_alpha.into(),
         )
         .expect("decrease ALPHA");
-        <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::increase_provided_tao_reserve(netuid.into(), tao_taken);
-        <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::increase_provided_alpha_reserve(netuid.into(), alpha_taken);
+        TaoReserve::increase_provided(netuid.into(), tao_taken);
+        AlphaReserve::increase_provided(netuid.into(), alpha_taken);
 
         // Liquidate everything on the subnet.
         assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::do_dissolve_all_liquidity_providers(netuid));
@@ -2385,7 +2336,7 @@ fn refund_alpha_single_provider_exact() {
             alpha_needed.into(),
         )
         .expect("decrease ALPHA");
-        <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::increase_provided_alpha_reserve(netuid.into(), alpha_taken);
+        AlphaReserve::increase_provided(netuid.into(), alpha_taken);
 
         // --- Act: dissolve (calls refund_alpha inside).
         assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::do_dissolve_all_liquidity_providers(netuid));
@@ -2453,12 +2404,12 @@ fn refund_alpha_multiple_providers_proportional_to_principal() {
         let a1_taken =
             <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::decrease_stake(&c1, &h1, netuid.into(), a1.into())
                 .expect("decrease α #1");
-        <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::increase_provided_alpha_reserve(netuid.into(), a1_taken);
+        AlphaReserve::increase_provided(netuid.into(), a1_taken);
 
         let a2_taken =
             <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::decrease_stake(&c2, &h2, netuid.into(), a2.into())
                 .expect("decrease α #2");
-        <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::increase_provided_alpha_reserve(netuid.into(), a2_taken);
+        AlphaReserve::increase_provided(netuid.into(), a2_taken);
 
         // Act
         assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::do_dissolve_all_liquidity_providers(netuid));
@@ -2515,12 +2466,12 @@ fn refund_alpha_same_cold_multiple_hotkeys_conserved_to_owner() {
         let t1 =
             <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::decrease_stake(&cold, &hot1, netuid.into(), a1.into())
                 .expect("decr α #hot1");
-        <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::increase_provided_alpha_reserve(netuid.into(), t1);
+        AlphaReserve::increase_provided(netuid.into(), t1);
 
         let t2 =
             <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::decrease_stake(&cold, &hot2, netuid.into(), a2.into())
                 .expect("decr α #hot2");
-        <Test as Config>::BalanceOps::increase_provided_alpha_reserve(netuid.into(), t2);
+        AlphaReserve::increase_provided(netuid.into(), t2);
 
         // Act
         assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::do_dissolve_all_liquidity_providers(netuid));

From 6e667c52cc8d4bc25e7b333c056ff3150fe1c99d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Greg Zaitsev <gregz@opentensor.dev>
Date: Thu, 25 Sep 2025 14:25:15 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 053/218] Minimal log analysing tests

---
 Cargo.lock                                |  29 +++
 Cargo.toml                                |   4 +
 pallets/subtensor/Cargo.toml              |   4 +
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch_logs.rs | 207 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mock.rs       |  36 +++-
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mod.rs        |   1 +
 6 files changed, 278 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch_logs.rs

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 18ee1cd90f..f26c853957 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -8144,6 +8144,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "scale-info",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
+ "serial_test",
  "sha2 0.10.9",
  "share-pool",
  "sp-core",
@@ -8157,6 +8158,9 @@ dependencies = [
  "subtensor-runtime-common",
  "subtensor-swap-interface",
  "tle",
+ "tracing",
+ "tracing-log",
+ "tracing-subscriber 0.3.19",
  "w3f-bls",
 ]
 
@@ -12010,6 +12014,31 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "serial_test"
+version = "2.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0e56dd856803e253c8f298af3f4d7eb0ae5e23a737252cd90bb4f3b435033b2d"
+dependencies = [
+ "dashmap",
+ "futures",
+ "lazy_static",
+ "log",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.4",
+ "serial_test_derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "serial_test_derive"
+version = "2.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "91d129178576168c589c9ec973feedf7d3126c01ac2bf08795109aa35b69fb8f"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.104",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "sha1"
 version = "0.10.6"
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 2fb9ea9644..0e771a729a 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -91,7 +91,11 @@ serde-tuple-vec-map = { version = "1.0.1", default-features = false }
 serde_bytes = { version = "0.11.14", default-features = false }
 serde_json = { version = "1.0.141", default-features = false }
 serde_with = { version = "3.14.0", default-features = false }
+serial_test = "2"
 smallvec = "1.13.2"
+tracing = "0.1"
+tracing-log = "0.2"
+tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3" }
 litep2p = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/litep2p", tag = "v0.7.0", default-features = false }
 syn = { version = "2.0.87", default-features = false }
 quote = { version = "1", default-features = false }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/Cargo.toml b/pallets/subtensor/Cargo.toml
index ed40d8d36f..03d3bb1d0e 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/Cargo.toml
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/Cargo.toml
@@ -66,6 +66,10 @@ rand.workspace = true
 sp-core.workspace = true
 sp-std.workspace = true
 pallet-preimage.workspace = true
+serial_test.workspace = true
+tracing.workspace = true
+tracing-log.workspace = true
+tracing-subscriber = { workspace = true, features = ["fmt", "env-filter"] }
 
 [features]
 std = [
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch_logs.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch_logs.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5818b2ddf8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch_logs.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+#![allow(
+    clippy::arithmetic_side_effects,
+    clippy::indexing_slicing,
+    clippy::unwrap_used
+)]
+
+// Run all tests
+// cargo test --package pallet-subtensor --lib -- tests::epoch_logs --show-output
+
+use serial_test::serial;
+use sp_core::U256;
+use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, MechId};
+
+use std::io::{Result as IoResult, Write};
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+use tracing_subscriber::{EnvFilter, layer::SubscriberExt};
+
+use super::mock::*;
+use crate::*;
+
+const NETUID: u16 = 1;
+const TEMPO: u16 = 10;
+const ACTIVITY_CUTOFF: u16 = 10;
+// Coldkey is irrelevant for epoch because it operates only hotkeys. Nominators' stake is distributed downstream
+// We can use a single coldkey for all tests here.
+const COLDKEY: u16 = 9876;
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+struct Neuron {
+    uid: u16,
+    hotkey: U256,
+    validator: bool,
+    alpha_stake: u64,
+    registration_block: u64,
+    last_update: u64,
+}
+
+impl Neuron {
+    fn new(
+        uid: u16,
+        hotkey: u16,
+        validator: bool,
+        alpha_stake: u64,
+        registration_block: u64,
+        last_update: u64,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Neuron {
+            uid,
+            hotkey: U256::from(hotkey),
+            validator,
+            alpha_stake,
+            registration_block,
+            last_update,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn setup_epoch(neurons: Vec<Neuron>, mechanism_count: u8) {
+    let netuid = NetUid::from(NETUID);
+
+    // Setup subnet parameters
+    let network_n = neurons.len() as u16;
+    SubnetworkN::<Test>::insert(netuid, network_n);
+    ActivityCutoff::<Test>::insert(netuid, ACTIVITY_CUTOFF);
+    Tempo::<Test>::insert(netuid, TEMPO);
+
+    // Setup neurons
+    let mut last_update_vec: Vec<u64> = Vec::new();
+    let mut permit_vec: Vec<bool> = Vec::new();
+    neurons.iter().for_each(|neuron| {
+        let hotkey = U256::from(neuron.hotkey);
+
+        Keys::<Test>::insert(netuid, neuron.uid, hotkey);
+        BlockAtRegistration::<Test>::insert(netuid, neuron.uid, neuron.registration_block);
+        last_update_vec.push(neuron.last_update);
+        permit_vec.push(neuron.validator);
+
+        // Setup stake
+        SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &U256::from(COLDKEY),
+            netuid,
+            AlphaCurrency::from(neuron.alpha_stake),
+        );
+    });
+
+    ValidatorPermit::<Test>::insert(netuid, permit_vec);
+    for m in 0..mechanism_count {
+        let netuid_index = SubtensorModule::get_mechanism_storage_index(netuid, m.into());
+        LastUpdate::<Test>::insert(netuid_index, last_update_vec.clone());
+    }
+}
+
+/// Run `f` with a per-thread subscriber configured by `spec` and
+/// return the captured log text.
+pub fn with_log_capture<F, R>(spec: &str, f: F) -> String
+where
+    F: FnOnce() -> R,
+{
+    // ensure log::... is bridged to tracing (no-op if already set)
+    let _ = tracing_log::LogTracer::init();
+
+    // Shared buffer we'll write logs into
+    let buf: Arc<Mutex<Vec<u8>>> = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::new()));
+    struct Buf(Arc<Mutex<Vec<u8>>>);
+    impl Write for Buf {
+        fn write(&mut self, b: &[u8]) -> IoResult<usize> {
+            let mut g = self.0.lock().unwrap();
+            g.extend_from_slice(b);
+            Ok(b.len())
+        }
+        fn flush(&mut self) -> IoResult<()> {
+            Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Formatting layer that writes into our buffer
+    let fmt_layer = tracing_subscriber::fmt::layer()
+        .with_ansi(false)
+        .with_target(true)
+        .with_level(true)
+        .without_time()
+        .with_writer({
+            let buf = buf.clone();
+            move || Buf(buf.clone())
+        });
+
+    // Parse filter spec (full RUST_LOG syntax). Fall back to "off" on error.
+    let filter = EnvFilter::try_new(spec).unwrap_or_else(|_| EnvFilter::new("off"));
+
+    // Build the per-thread subscriber
+    let sub = tracing_subscriber::registry().with(filter).with(fmt_layer);
+
+    // Activate just for this thread/scope and run the code
+    tracing::subscriber::with_default(sub, f);
+
+    // Collect captured text
+    let mut g = buf.lock().unwrap();
+    String::from_utf8(std::mem::take(&mut *g)).unwrap_or_default()
+}
+
+#[test]
+#[serial]
+fn test_simple() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let logs = with_log_capture("trace", || {
+            #[rustfmt::skip]
+            let neurons = [
+                //          uid  hotkey   vali            stake    reg   upd
+                Neuron::new(  0,      1,  true,   1_000_000_000,     0,    1 ),
+                Neuron::new(  1,      2,  true,   1_000_000_000,     0,    1 ),
+            ];
+            setup_epoch(neurons.to_vec(), 1);
+
+            // Run epoch, watch logs
+            let emission = AlphaCurrency::from(1_000_000_000);
+            SubtensorModule::epoch_mechanism(NetUid::from(NETUID), MechId::from(0), emission);
+        });
+
+        let has = |s: &str| logs.contains(s);
+
+        assert!(has("Number of Neurons in Network: 2"));
+        assert!(has("Inactive: [false, false]"));
+        assert!(has("Block at registration: [0, 0]"));
+        assert!(has("alpha_stake: [1000000000, 1000000000]"));
+        assert!(has("Filtered stake: [1000000000, 1000000000]"));
+        assert!(has("Normalised Stake: [0.5, 0.5]"));
+        assert!(has("validator_permits: [true, true]"));
+        assert!(has("new_validator_permits: [true, true]"));
+        assert!(has("Active Stake: [0.5, 0.5]"));
+        assert!(has("Consensus: [0, 0]"));
+        assert!(has("Normalized Validator Emission: [0.5, 0.5]"));
+        assert!(has("Normalized Combined Emission: [0.5, 0.5]"));
+        assert!(has(
+            "Combined Emission: [AlphaCurrency(500000000), AlphaCurrency(500000000)]"
+        ));
+        assert!(has("Pruning Scores: [0.5, 0.5]"));
+        assert!(!has("math error:"));
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+#[serial]
+fn test_bad_permit_vector() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let logs = with_log_capture("trace", || {
+            #[rustfmt::skip]
+            let neurons = [
+                //          uid  hotkey   vali            stake    reg   upd
+                Neuron::new(  0,      1,  true,   1_000_000_000,     0,    1 ),
+                Neuron::new(  1,      2,  true,   1_000_000_000,     0,    1 ),
+            ];
+            setup_epoch(neurons.to_vec(), 1);
+            ValidatorPermit::<Test>::insert(NetUid::from(NETUID), vec![true]);
+
+            // Run epoch, watch logs
+            let emission = AlphaCurrency::from(1_000_000_000);
+            SubtensorModule::epoch_mechanism(NetUid::from(NETUID), MechId::from(0), emission);
+        });
+
+        let has = |s: &str| logs.contains(s);
+
+        assert!(has(
+            "math error: inplace_mask_vector input lengths are not equal"
+        ));
+    });
+}
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mock.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mock.rs
index 1aab19e859..f8048386c8 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mock.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mock.rs
@@ -22,9 +22,11 @@ use sp_runtime::{
     BuildStorage, Percent,
     traits::{BlakeTwo256, IdentityLookup},
 };
-use sp_std::{cell::RefCell, cmp::Ordering};
+use sp_std::{cell::RefCell, cmp::Ordering, sync::OnceLock};
+use sp_tracing::tracing_subscriber;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{NetUid, TaoCurrency};
 use subtensor_swap_interface::{OrderType, SwapHandler};
+use tracing_subscriber::{EnvFilter, layer::SubscriberExt, util::SubscriberInitExt};
 
 type Block = frame_system::mocking::MockBlock<Test>;
 
@@ -672,10 +674,38 @@ where
     }
 }
 
+static TEST_LOGS_INIT: OnceLock<()> = OnceLock::new();
+
+pub fn init_logs_for_tests() {
+    if TEST_LOGS_INIT.get().is_some() {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // RUST_LOG (full syntax) or "off" if unset
+    let filter = EnvFilter::try_from_default_env().unwrap_or_else(|_| EnvFilter::new("off"));
+
+    // Bridge log -> tracing (ok if already set)
+    let _ = tracing_log::LogTracer::init();
+
+    // Simple formatter
+    let fmt_layer = tracing_subscriber::fmt::layer()
+        .with_ansi(false)
+        .with_target(true)
+        .with_level(true)
+        .without_time();
+
+    let _ = tracing_subscriber::registry()
+        .with(filter)
+        .with(fmt_layer)
+        .try_init();
+
+    let _ = TEST_LOGS_INIT.set(());
+}
+
 #[allow(dead_code)]
 // Build genesis storage according to the mock runtime.
 pub fn new_test_ext(block_number: BlockNumber) -> sp_io::TestExternalities {
-    sp_tracing::try_init_simple();
+    init_logs_for_tests();
     let t = frame_system::GenesisConfig::<Test>::default()
         .build_storage()
         .unwrap();
@@ -686,7 +716,7 @@ pub fn new_test_ext(block_number: BlockNumber) -> sp_io::TestExternalities {
 
 #[allow(dead_code)]
 pub fn test_ext_with_balances(balances: Vec<(U256, u128)>) -> sp_io::TestExternalities {
-    sp_tracing::try_init_simple();
+    init_logs_for_tests();
     let mut t = frame_system::GenesisConfig::<Test>::default()
         .build_storage()
         .unwrap();
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mod.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mod.rs
index b9f4ff5366..790577856f 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mod.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mod.rs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ mod difficulty;
 mod emission;
 mod ensure;
 mod epoch;
+mod epoch_logs;
 mod evm;
 mod leasing;
 mod math;

From c09bcb3533b1ba0973fa38f37e57f3e28c6dcd20 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 26 Sep 2025 14:45:50 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 054/218] Optimize RootClaimable

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs                | 13 ++++++-----
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs | 24 ++++++++++++++-------
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs   |  8 +++++--
 3 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
index 6e633daab8..127a2e9cd6 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
     use runtime_common::prod_or_fast;
     use sp_core::{ConstU32, H160, H256};
     use sp_runtime::traits::{Dispatchable, TrailingZeroInput};
+    use sp_std::collections::btree_map::BTreeMap;
     use sp_std::collections::vec_deque::VecDeque;
     use sp_std::vec;
     use sp_std::vec::Vec;
@@ -896,8 +897,8 @@ pub mod pallet {
 
     #[pallet::type_value]
     /// Default subnet root claimable
-    pub fn DefaultRootClaimable<T: Config>() -> I96F32 {
-        I96F32::saturating_from_num(0.0)
+    pub fn DefaultRootClaimable<T: Config>() -> BTreeMap<NetUid, I96F32> {
+        Default::default()
     }
     #[pallet::type_value]
     /// Default value for Share Pool variables
@@ -1821,14 +1822,12 @@ pub mod pallet {
         ValueQuery,
     >;
 
-    #[pallet::storage] // --- DMAP ( hot, netuid ) --> claimable_dividends | Root claimable dividends.
-    pub type RootClaimable<T: Config> = StorageDoubleMap<
+    #[pallet::storage] // --- MAP ( hot ) --> MAP(netuid ) --> claimable_dividends | Root claimable dividends.
+    pub type RootClaimable<T: Config> = StorageMap<
         _,
         Blake2_128Concat,
         T::AccountId,
-        Identity,
-        NetUid,
-        I96F32,
+        BTreeMap<NetUid, I96F32>,
         ValueQuery,
         DefaultRootClaimable<T>,
     >;
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
index 8a78cf016b..48a3ab78a1 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
@@ -58,8 +58,11 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         }
 
         // Increment claimable for this subnet.
-        RootClaimable::<T>::mutate(hotkey, netuid, |total| {
-            *total = total.saturating_add(increment);
+        RootClaimable::<T>::mutate(hotkey, |claimable| {
+            claimable
+                .entry(netuid)
+                .and_modify(|total| *total = total.saturating_add(increment))
+                .or_insert(increment);
         });
     }
 
@@ -74,7 +77,9 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         );
 
         // Get the total claimable_rate for this hotkey and this network
-        let claimable_rate: I96F32 = RootClaimable::<T>::get(hotkey, netuid);
+        let claimable_rate: I96F32 = *RootClaimable::<T>::get(hotkey)
+            .get(&netuid)
+            .unwrap_or(&I96F32::from(0));
 
         // Compute the proportion owed to this coldkey via balance.
         let claimable: I96F32 = claimable_rate.saturating_mul(root_stake);
@@ -199,11 +204,12 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         let root_claim_type = RootClaimType::<T>::get(coldkey);
 
         // Iterate over all the subnets this hotkey has claimable for root.
-        RootClaimable::<T>::iter_prefix(hotkey).for_each(|(netuid, _)| {
+        let root_claimable = RootClaimable::<T>::get(hotkey);
+        root_claimable.iter().for_each(|(netuid, _)| {
             weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads(1));
             weight.saturating_accrue(Self::root_claim_on_subnet_weight(root_claim_type.clone()));
 
-            Self::root_claim_on_subnet(hotkey, coldkey, netuid, root_claim_type.clone());
+            Self::root_claim_on_subnet(hotkey, coldkey, *netuid, root_claim_type.clone());
         });
 
         weight
@@ -215,7 +221,8 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         amount: u64,
     ) {
         // Iterate over all the subnets this hotkey is staked on for root.
-        for (netuid, claimable_rate) in RootClaimable::<T>::iter_prefix(hotkey) {
+        let root_claimable = RootClaimable::<T>::get(hotkey);
+        for (netuid, claimable_rate) in root_claimable.iter() {
             // Get current staker root claimed value.
             let root_claimed: u128 = RootClaimed::<T>::get((hotkey, coldkey, netuid));
 
@@ -237,8 +244,9 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         amount: AlphaCurrency,
     ) {
         // Iterate over all the subnets this hotkey is staked on for root.
-        for (netuid, claimable_rate) in RootClaimable::<T>::iter_prefix(hotkey) {
-            if netuid == NetUid::ROOT.into() {
+        let root_claimable = RootClaimable::<T>::get(hotkey);
+        for (netuid, claimable_rate) in root_claimable.iter() {
+            if *netuid == NetUid::ROOT.into() {
                 continue; // Skip the root netuid.
             }
 
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
index 7a8e5707a1..d28ca3cdd4 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
@@ -89,7 +89,9 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_drain_emissions() {
 
         // Check claimable
 
-        let claimable = RootClaimable::<Test>::get(hotkey, netuid);
+        let claimable = *RootClaimable::<Test>::get(hotkey)
+            .get(&netuid)
+            .expect("claimable must exist at this point");
         let calculated_rate =
             (pending_root_alpha as f64) * (1f64 - validator_take_percent) / (root_stake as f64);
 
@@ -135,7 +137,9 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_drain_emissions() {
 
         // Check claimable (round 2)
 
-        let claimable2 = RootClaimable::<Test>::get(hotkey, netuid);
+        let claimable2 = *RootClaimable::<Test>::get(hotkey)
+            .get(&netuid)
+            .expect("claimable must exist at this point");
         let calculated_rate =
             (pending_root_alpha as f64) * (1f64 - validator_take_percent) / (root_stake as f64);
 

From 0ffa45666e9380f51cf1d32af7f39f2be3300c2d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Greg Zaitsev <gregz@opentensor.dev>
Date: Fri, 26 Sep 2025 13:10:41 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 055/218] Add more log watching tests

---
 Cargo.lock                                |  26 --
 Cargo.toml                                |   1 -
 pallets/subtensor/Cargo.toml              |   1 -
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch_logs.rs | 312 +++++++++++++++++++++-
 4 files changed, 304 insertions(+), 36 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index f26c853957..eea7ac3001 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -8144,7 +8144,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "scale-info",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
- "serial_test",
  "sha2 0.10.9",
  "share-pool",
  "sp-core",
@@ -12014,31 +12013,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "serial_test"
-version = "2.0.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0e56dd856803e253c8f298af3f4d7eb0ae5e23a737252cd90bb4f3b435033b2d"
-dependencies = [
- "dashmap",
- "futures",
- "lazy_static",
- "log",
- "parking_lot 0.12.4",
- "serial_test_derive",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "serial_test_derive"
-version = "2.0.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "91d129178576168c589c9ec973feedf7d3126c01ac2bf08795109aa35b69fb8f"
-dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "syn 2.0.104",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "sha1"
 version = "0.10.6"
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 0e771a729a..a9d68b686a 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -91,7 +91,6 @@ serde-tuple-vec-map = { version = "1.0.1", default-features = false }
 serde_bytes = { version = "0.11.14", default-features = false }
 serde_json = { version = "1.0.141", default-features = false }
 serde_with = { version = "3.14.0", default-features = false }
-serial_test = "2"
 smallvec = "1.13.2"
 tracing = "0.1"
 tracing-log = "0.2"
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/Cargo.toml b/pallets/subtensor/Cargo.toml
index 03d3bb1d0e..729de51430 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/Cargo.toml
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/Cargo.toml
@@ -66,7 +66,6 @@ rand.workspace = true
 sp-core.workspace = true
 sp-std.workspace = true
 pallet-preimage.workspace = true
-serial_test.workspace = true
 tracing.workspace = true
 tracing-log.workspace = true
 tracing-subscriber = { workspace = true, features = ["fmt", "env-filter"] }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch_logs.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch_logs.rs
index 5818b2ddf8..d4f082139a 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch_logs.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch_logs.rs
@@ -7,16 +7,14 @@
 // Run all tests
 // cargo test --package pallet-subtensor --lib -- tests::epoch_logs --show-output
 
-use serial_test::serial;
+use crate::*;
+use frame_support::assert_ok;
 use sp_core::U256;
-use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, MechId};
-
 use std::io::{Result as IoResult, Write};
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
-use tracing_subscriber::{EnvFilter, layer::SubscriberExt};
-
+use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, MechId};
 use super::mock::*;
-use crate::*;
+use tracing_subscriber::{EnvFilter, layer::SubscriberExt};
 
 const NETUID: u16 = 1;
 const TEMPO: u16 = 10;
@@ -59,10 +57,12 @@ fn setup_epoch(neurons: Vec<Neuron>, mechanism_count: u8) {
     let netuid = NetUid::from(NETUID);
 
     // Setup subnet parameters
+    NetworksAdded::<Test>::insert(netuid, true);
     let network_n = neurons.len() as u16;
     SubnetworkN::<Test>::insert(netuid, network_n);
     ActivityCutoff::<Test>::insert(netuid, ACTIVITY_CUTOFF);
     Tempo::<Test>::insert(netuid, TEMPO);
+    SubtensorModule::set_weights_set_rate_limit(netuid, 0);
 
     // Setup neurons
     let mut last_update_vec: Vec<u64> = Vec::new();
@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ fn setup_epoch(neurons: Vec<Neuron>, mechanism_count: u8) {
         let hotkey = U256::from(neuron.hotkey);
 
         Keys::<Test>::insert(netuid, neuron.uid, hotkey);
+        Uids::<Test>::insert(netuid, hotkey, neuron.uid);
         BlockAtRegistration::<Test>::insert(netuid, neuron.uid, neuron.registration_block);
         last_update_vec.push(neuron.last_update);
         permit_vec.push(neuron.validator);
@@ -91,6 +92,19 @@ fn setup_epoch(neurons: Vec<Neuron>, mechanism_count: u8) {
     }
 }
 
+fn set_weights(netuid: NetUid, weights: Vec<Vec<u16>>, indices: Vec<u16>) {
+    for (uid, weight) in weights.iter().enumerate() {
+        let hotkey = Keys::<Test>::get(netuid, uid as u16);
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::set_weights(
+            RuntimeOrigin::signed(hotkey),
+            netuid,
+            indices.clone(),
+            weight.to_vec(),
+            0
+        ));
+    }
+}
+
 /// Run `f` with a per-thread subscriber configured by `spec` and
 /// return the captured log text.
 pub fn with_log_capture<F, R>(spec: &str, f: F) -> String
@@ -140,7 +154,6 @@ where
 }
 
 #[test]
-#[serial]
 fn test_simple() {
     new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
         let logs = with_log_capture("trace", || {
@@ -180,7 +193,6 @@ fn test_simple() {
 }
 
 #[test]
-#[serial]
 fn test_bad_permit_vector() {
     new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
         let logs = with_log_capture("trace", || {
@@ -203,5 +215,289 @@ fn test_bad_permit_vector() {
         assert!(has(
             "math error: inplace_mask_vector input lengths are not equal"
         ));
+        assert!(has(
+            "Validator Emission: [AlphaCurrency(1000000000), AlphaCurrency(0)]"
+        ));
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_inactive_mask_zeroes_active_stake() {
+    // Big block so updated + activity_cutoff < current_block
+    new_test_ext(1_000_000).execute_with(|| {
+        let logs = with_log_capture("trace", || {
+            #[rustfmt::skip]
+            let neurons = [
+                //          uid  hotkey  vali   stake          reg  upd
+                Neuron::new(  0,     11, true,  1_000_000_000,  0,   0 ),
+                Neuron::new(  1,     22, true,  1_000_000_000,  0,   0 ),
+            ];
+            setup_epoch(neurons.to_vec(), 1);
+
+            let emission = AlphaCurrency::from(1_000_000_000);
+            SubtensorModule::epoch_mechanism(NetUid::from(NETUID), MechId::from(0), emission);
+        });
+
+        let has = |s: &str| logs.contains(s);
+        assert!(has("Number of Neurons in Network: 2"));
+        assert!(has("Inactive: [true, true]"));
+        // After masking + renormalizing, both entries are zero.
+        assert!(has("Active Stake: [0, 0]"));
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_validator_permit_masks_active_stake() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let logs = with_log_capture("trace", || {
+            #[rustfmt::skip]
+            let neurons = [
+                //          uid  hotkey  vali   stake          reg  upd
+                Neuron::new(  0,     11, true,  1_000_000_000,  0,   1 ),
+                Neuron::new(  1,     22, true,  1_000_000_000,  0,   1 ),
+            ];
+            setup_epoch(neurons.to_vec(), 1);
+
+            // Forbid validator #1
+            let netuid = NetUid::from(NETUID);
+            ValidatorPermit::<Test>::insert(netuid, vec![true, false]);
+
+            let emission = AlphaCurrency::from(1_000_000_000);
+            SubtensorModule::epoch_mechanism(netuid, MechId::from(0), emission);
+        });
+
+        let has = |s: &str| logs.contains(s);
+        assert!(has("validator_permits: [true, false]"));
+        // After masking and renormalizing, only the first stays: [1, 0]
+        assert!(logs.contains("Active Stake: [1, 0]"));
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn yuma_emergency_mode() {
+    // Large block so everyone is inactive (updated + cutoff < current_block)
+    new_test_ext(1_000_000).execute_with(|| {
+        let logs = with_log_capture("trace", || {
+            #[rustfmt::skip]
+            let neurons = [
+                //          uid  hotkey  vali   stake          reg  upd
+                Neuron::new(  0,     11, true,  1_000_000_000,  0,   0 ),
+                Neuron::new(  1,     22, true,  1_000_000_000,  0,   0 ),
+            ];
+            setup_epoch(neurons.to_vec(), 1);
+
+            // No weights needed; keep defaults empty to make ranks/dividends zero.
+            let emission = AlphaCurrency::from(1_000_000_000);
+            SubtensorModule::epoch_mechanism(NetUid::from(NETUID), MechId::from(0), emission);
+        });
+
+        let has = |s: &str| logs.contains(s);
+        assert!(has("Inactive: [true, true]"));
+        // Because emission_sum == 0 and active_stake == 0, we expect fallback to normalized stake.
+        assert!(has("Normalized Combined Emission: [0.5, 0.5]"));
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn epoch_uses_active_stake_when_nonzero_active() {
+    new_test_ext(1000).execute_with(|| {
+        let logs = with_log_capture("trace", || {
+            #[rustfmt::skip]
+            let neurons = [
+                //          uid  hotkey  vali   stake          reg  upd
+                Neuron::new(  0,     11, true,  1_000_000_000,  0,  999 ), // active
+                Neuron::new(  1,     22, true,  1_000_000_000,  0,   1  ), // inactive
+            ];
+            setup_epoch(neurons.to_vec(), 1);
+
+            let emission = AlphaCurrency::from(1_000_000_000);
+            SubtensorModule::epoch_mechanism(NetUid::from(NETUID), MechId::from(0), emission);
+        });
+
+        let has = |s: &str| logs.contains(s);
+        assert!(has("Inactive: [false, true]"));
+        // With ranks/dividends zero, fallback should mirror active_stake ~ [1, 0].
+        assert!(has("Active Stake: [1, 0]"));
+        assert!(has("Normalized Combined Emission: [1, 0]"));
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn epoch_topk_validator_permits() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let logs = with_log_capture("trace", || {
+            #[rustfmt::skip]
+            let neurons = [
+                //          uid  hotkey  vali   stake          reg  upd
+                Neuron::new(  0,     11, true,  2_000_000_000,  0,   1 ),
+                Neuron::new(  1,     22, true,  1_000_000_000,  0,   1 ),
+            ];
+            setup_epoch(neurons.to_vec(), 1);
+
+            // K = 1 (one validator allowed)
+            let netuid = NetUid::from(NETUID);
+            MaxAllowedValidators::<Test>::insert(netuid, 1u16);
+
+            let emission = AlphaCurrency::from(1_000_000_000);
+            SubtensorModule::epoch_mechanism(netuid, MechId::from(0), emission);
+        });
+
+        let has = |s: &str| logs.contains(s);
+        assert!(has("Normalised Stake: [0.666"), "sanity: asymmetric stake normalized");
+        assert!(has("max_allowed_validators: 1"));
+        assert!(has("new_validator_permits: [true, false]"));
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn epoch_yuma3_bonds_pipeline() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let logs = with_log_capture("trace", || {
+            #[rustfmt::skip]
+            let neurons = [
+                Neuron::new(0, 11, true, 1_000_000_000, 0, 1),
+                Neuron::new(1, 22, true, 1_000_000_000, 0, 1),
+            ];
+            setup_epoch(neurons.to_vec(), 1);
+
+            let netuid = NetUid::from(NETUID);
+            Yuma3On::<Test>::insert(netuid, true);
+
+            let emission = AlphaCurrency::from(1_000_000_000);
+            SubtensorModule::epoch_mechanism(netuid, MechId::from(0), emission);
+        });
+
+        let has = |s: &str| logs.contains(s);
+        // These appear only in the Yuma3 branch:
+        assert!(has("Bonds: "));
+        assert!(has("emaB: [" ));
+        assert!(has("emaB norm: "));
+        assert!(has("total_bonds_per_validator: "));
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn epoch_original_yuma_bonds_pipeline() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let logs = with_log_capture("trace", || {
+            #[rustfmt::skip]
+            let neurons = [
+                Neuron::new(0, 11, true, 1_000_000_000, 0, 1),
+                Neuron::new(1, 22, true, 1_000_000_000, 0, 1),
+            ];
+            setup_epoch(neurons.to_vec(), 1);
+
+            let netuid = NetUid::from(NETUID);
+            Yuma3On::<Test>::insert(netuid, false);
+
+            let emission = AlphaCurrency::from(1_000_000_000);
+            SubtensorModule::epoch_mechanism(netuid, MechId::from(0), emission);
+        });
+
+        let has = |s: &str| logs.contains(s);
+        // These strings are present in the non-Yuma3 branch:
+        assert!(has("B (outdatedmask): "));
+        assert!(has("ΔB (norm): "));
+        assert!(has("Exponential Moving Average Bonds: "));
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_validators_weight_two_distinct_servers() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let logs = with_log_capture("trace", || {
+            #[rustfmt::skip]
+            let neurons = [
+                //           uid  hotkey  vali    stake          reg  upd
+                Neuron::new(  0,     11,  true,  1_000_000_000,  0,   1 ), // validator
+                Neuron::new(  1,     22,  true,  1_000_000_000,  0,   1 ), // validator
+                Neuron::new(  2,     33,  true,  1_000_000_000,  0,   1 ), // validator
+                Neuron::new(  3,     44, false,  0,              0,   1 ), // server
+                Neuron::new(  4,     55, false,  0,              0,   1 ), // server
+            ];
+            setup_epoch(neurons.to_vec(), 1);
+
+            let netuid = NetUid::from(NETUID);
+
+            // rows are per-validator; columns correspond to server UIDs [3, 4]
+            // V0 -> [MAX, 0] (server 3)
+            // V1 -> [0, MAX] (server 4)
+            // V2 -> [MAX, 0] (server 3)
+            CommitRevealWeightsEnabled::<Test>::insert(netuid, false);
+            set_weights(
+                netuid,
+                vec![vec![u16::MAX, 0], vec![0, u16::MAX], vec![u16::MAX, 0]],
+                vec![3, 4],
+            );
+
+            let emission = AlphaCurrency::from(1_000_000_000);
+            SubtensorModule::epoch_mechanism(netuid, MechId::from(0), emission);
+        });
+
+        let has = |s: &str| logs.contains(s);
+
+        // topology sanity
+        assert!(has("Number of Neurons in Network: 5"));
+        assert!(has("validator_permits: [true, true, true, false, false]"));
+
+        // weight pipeline exercised
+        assert!(has("Weights: [[(3, 65535), (4, 0)], [(3, 0), (4, 65535)], [(3, 65535), (4, 0)], [], []]"));
+        assert!(has("Weights (permit): [[(3, 65535), (4, 0)], [(3, 0), (4, 65535)], [(3, 65535), (4, 0)], [], []]"));
+        assert!(has("Weights (permit+diag): [[(3, 65535), (4, 0)], [(3, 0), (4, 65535)], [(3, 65535), (4, 0)], [], []]"));
+        assert!(has("Weights (mask+norm): [[(3, 1), (4, 0)], [(3, 0), (4, 1)], [(3, 1), (4, 0)], [], []]"));
+
+        // downstream signals present
+        assert!(has("Ranks (before): [0, 0, 0, 0.6666666665, 0.3333333333]"));
+        assert!(has("Consensus: [0, 0, 0, 1, 0]"));
+        assert!(has("Validator Trust: [1, 0, 1, 0, 0]"));
+        assert!(has("Ranks (after): [0, 0, 0, 0.6666666665, 0]"));
+        assert!(has("Trust: [0, 0, 0, 1, 0]"));
+        assert!(has("Dividends: [0.5, 0, 0.5, 0, 0]"));
+        assert!(has("Normalized Combined Emission: [0.25, 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0]"));
+        assert!(has("Pruning Scores: [0.25, 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0]"));
+
+        // math is ok
+        assert!(!has("math error:"));
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_validator_splits_weight_across_two_servers() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let logs = with_log_capture("trace", || {
+            #[rustfmt::skip]
+            let neurons = [
+                Neuron::new(0, 11, true,  1_000_000_000, 0, 1),
+                Neuron::new(1, 22, true,  1_000_000_000, 0, 1),
+                Neuron::new(2, 33, true,  1_000_000_000, 0, 1),
+                Neuron::new(3, 44, false, 0,              0, 1),
+                Neuron::new(4, 55, false, 0,              0, 1),
+            ];
+            setup_epoch(neurons.to_vec(), 1);
+
+            let netuid = NetUid::from(NETUID);
+
+            // V2 splits: both entries nonzero; row normalization should make ~[0.5, 0.5] for V2
+            CommitRevealWeightsEnabled::<Test>::insert(netuid, false);
+            set_weights(
+                netuid,
+                vec![vec![u16::MAX, 0], vec![0, u16::MAX], vec![u16::MAX, u16::MAX]],
+                vec![3, 4],
+            );
+
+            let emission = AlphaCurrency::from(1_000_000_000);
+            SubtensorModule::epoch_mechanism(netuid, MechId::from(0), emission);
+        });
+
+        let has = |s: &str| logs.contains(s);
+
+        assert!(has("validator_permits: [true, true, true, false, false]"));
+        assert!(has("Weights (mask+norm): [[(3, 1), (4, 0)], [(3, 0), (4, 1)], [(3, 0.5), (4, 0.5)], [], []]"));
+        assert!(has("Ranks (before): [0, 0, 0, 0.4999999998, 0.4999999998]"));
+        assert!(has("Ranks (after): [0, 0, 0, 0.333333333, 0.333333333]"));
+        assert!(has("ΔB (norm): [[(3, 0.5), (4, 0)], [(3, 0), (4, 0.5)], [(3, 0.5), (4, 0.5)], [], []]"));
+        assert!(has("Dividends: [0.25, 0.25, 0.5, 0, 0]"));
+        assert!(has("Normalized Combined Emission: [0.125, 0.125, 0.25, 0.25, 0.25]"));
+        assert!(!has("math error:"));
     });
 }

From bb83235983c1670883bc8a4f5ab5f8131f25016e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Greg Zaitsev <gregz@opentensor.dev>
Date: Fri, 26 Sep 2025 15:22:52 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 056/218] Add epoch tests for multiple mechanisms

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch_logs.rs | 163 +++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 158 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch_logs.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch_logs.rs
index d4f082139a..1887590aea 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch_logs.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch_logs.rs
@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@
 // Run all tests
 // cargo test --package pallet-subtensor --lib -- tests::epoch_logs --show-output
 
+use super::mock::*;
 use crate::*;
 use frame_support::assert_ok;
 use sp_core::U256;
 use std::io::{Result as IoResult, Write};
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, MechId};
-use super::mock::*;
 use tracing_subscriber::{EnvFilter, layer::SubscriberExt};
 
 const NETUID: u16 = 1;
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ fn setup_epoch(neurons: Vec<Neuron>, mechanism_count: u8) {
     ActivityCutoff::<Test>::insert(netuid, ACTIVITY_CUTOFF);
     Tempo::<Test>::insert(netuid, TEMPO);
     SubtensorModule::set_weights_set_rate_limit(netuid, 0);
+    MechanismCountCurrent::<Test>::insert(netuid, MechId::from(mechanism_count));
 
     // Setup neurons
     let mut last_update_vec: Vec<u64> = Vec::new();
@@ -105,6 +106,15 @@ fn set_weights(netuid: NetUid, weights: Vec<Vec<u16>>, indices: Vec<u16>) {
     }
 }
 
+/// Write sparse weight rows **for a specific mechanism**.
+/// `rows` is a list of `(validator_uid, row)` where `row` is `[(dest_uid, weight_u16)]`.
+fn set_weights_for_mech(netuid: NetUid, mecid: MechId, rows: Vec<(u16, Vec<(u16, u16)>)>) {
+    let netuid_index = SubtensorModule::get_mechanism_storage_index(netuid, mecid);
+    for (uid, sparse_row) in rows {
+        Weights::<Test>::insert(netuid_index, uid, sparse_row);
+    }
+}
+
 /// Run `f` with a per-thread subscriber configured by `spec` and
 /// return the captured log text.
 pub fn with_log_capture<F, R>(spec: &str, f: F) -> String
@@ -343,7 +353,10 @@ fn epoch_topk_validator_permits() {
         });
 
         let has = |s: &str| logs.contains(s);
-        assert!(has("Normalised Stake: [0.666"), "sanity: asymmetric stake normalized");
+        assert!(
+            has("Normalised Stake: [0.666"),
+            "sanity: asymmetric stake normalized"
+        );
         assert!(has("max_allowed_validators: 1"));
         assert!(has("new_validator_permits: [true, false]"));
     });
@@ -370,7 +383,7 @@ fn epoch_yuma3_bonds_pipeline() {
         let has = |s: &str| logs.contains(s);
         // These appear only in the Yuma3 branch:
         assert!(has("Bonds: "));
-        assert!(has("emaB: [" ));
+        assert!(has("emaB: ["));
         assert!(has("emaB norm: "));
         assert!(has("total_bonds_per_validator: "));
     });
@@ -470,8 +483,8 @@ fn test_validator_splits_weight_across_two_servers() {
                 Neuron::new(0, 11, true,  1_000_000_000, 0, 1),
                 Neuron::new(1, 22, true,  1_000_000_000, 0, 1),
                 Neuron::new(2, 33, true,  1_000_000_000, 0, 1),
-                Neuron::new(3, 44, false, 0,              0, 1),
-                Neuron::new(4, 55, false, 0,              0, 1),
+                Neuron::new(3, 44, false, 0,             0, 1),
+                Neuron::new(4, 55, false, 0,             0, 1),
             ];
             setup_epoch(neurons.to_vec(), 1);
 
@@ -501,3 +514,143 @@ fn test_validator_splits_weight_across_two_servers() {
         assert!(!has("math error:"));
     });
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn epoch_mechanism_reads_weights_per_mechanism() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let netuid = NetUid::from(NETUID);
+
+        // 3 validators (0,1,2) and 2 servers (3,4)
+        #[rustfmt::skip]
+        let neurons = [
+            Neuron::new(0, 11, true,  1_000_000_000, 0, 1),
+            Neuron::new(1, 22, true,  1_000_000_000, 0, 1),
+            Neuron::new(2, 33, true,  1_000_000_000, 0, 1),
+            Neuron::new(3, 44, false, 0,             0, 1),
+            Neuron::new(4, 55, false, 0,             0, 1),
+        ];
+        setup_epoch(neurons.to_vec(), 2); // 2 mechanisms
+
+        // Mech 0: V0,V2 -> server 3 ; V1 -> server 4
+        set_weights_for_mech(
+            netuid,
+            MechId::from(0),
+            vec![
+                (0, vec![(3, u16::MAX)]),
+                (1, vec![(4, u16::MAX)]),
+                (2, vec![(3, u16::MAX)]),
+            ],
+        );
+        let logs_m0 = with_log_capture("trace", || {
+            SubtensorModule::epoch_mechanism(netuid, MechId::from(0), AlphaCurrency::from(1_000));
+        });
+
+        // Mech 1: flipped routing: V0,V2 -> server 4 ; V1 -> server 3
+        set_weights_for_mech(
+            netuid,
+            MechId::from(1),
+            vec![
+                (0, vec![(4, u16::MAX)]),
+                (1, vec![(3, u16::MAX)]),
+                (2, vec![(4, u16::MAX)]),
+            ],
+        );
+        let logs_m1 = with_log_capture("trace", || {
+            SubtensorModule::epoch_mechanism(netuid, MechId::from(1), AlphaCurrency::from(1_000));
+        });
+
+        // Both should run the full pipeline…
+        assert!(logs_m0.contains("Active Stake: [0.3333333333, 0.3333333333, 0.3333333333, 0, 0]"));
+        assert!(logs_m1.contains("Active Stake: [0.3333333333, 0.3333333333, 0.3333333333, 0, 0]"));
+        assert!(logs_m0.contains("Weights (mask+norm): [[(3, 1)], [(4, 1)], [(3, 1)], [], []]"));
+        assert!(logs_m1.contains("Weights (mask+norm): [[(4, 1)], [(3, 1)], [(4, 1)], [], []]"));
+        assert!(logs_m0.contains("Ranks (before): [0, 0, 0, 0.6666666665, 0.3333333333]"));
+        assert!(logs_m1.contains("Ranks (before): [0, 0, 0, 0.3333333333, 0.6666666665]"));
+        assert!(logs_m0.contains("ΔB (norm): [[(3, 0.5)], [], [(3, 0.5)], [], []]"));
+        assert!(logs_m1.contains("ΔB (norm): [[(4, 0.5)], [], [(4, 0.5)], [], []]"));
+        assert!(logs_m0.contains("Normalized Combined Emission: [0.25, 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0]"));
+        assert!(logs_m1.contains("Normalized Combined Emission: [0.25, 0, 0.25, 0, 0.5]"));
+
+        // ...and produce different logs because weights differ per mechanism.
+        assert_ne!(
+            logs_m0, logs_m1,
+            "mechanism-specific weights should yield different outcomes/logs"
+        );
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn epoch_mechanism_three_mechanisms_separate_state() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let netuid = NetUid::from(NETUID);
+
+        // 2 validators, 2 servers
+        #[rustfmt::skip]
+        let neurons = [
+            Neuron::new(0, 11, true,  1_000_000_000, 0, 1),
+            Neuron::new(1, 22, true,  1_000_000_000, 0, 1),
+            Neuron::new(2, 44, false, 0,             0, 1),
+            Neuron::new(3, 55, false, 0,             0, 1),
+        ];
+        setup_epoch(neurons.to_vec(), 3); // 3 mechanisms
+
+        // Mech 0: all validators -> server 2
+        set_weights_for_mech(
+            netuid,
+            MechId::from(0),
+            vec![(0, vec![(2, u16::MAX)]), (1, vec![(2, u16::MAX)])],
+        );
+
+        // Mech 1: split across both servers (two nonzero entries per row)
+        set_weights_for_mech(
+            netuid,
+            MechId::from(1),
+            vec![
+                (0, vec![(2, u16::MAX), (3, u16::MAX)]),
+                (1, vec![(2, u16::MAX), (3, u16::MAX)]),
+            ],
+        );
+
+        // Mech 2: all validators -> server 3
+        set_weights_for_mech(
+            netuid,
+            MechId::from(2),
+            vec![(0, vec![(3, u16::MAX)]), (1, vec![(3, u16::MAX)])],
+        );
+
+        let l0 = with_log_capture("trace", || {
+            SubtensorModule::epoch_mechanism(netuid, MechId::from(0), AlphaCurrency::from(1_000));
+        });
+        let l1 = with_log_capture("trace", || {
+            SubtensorModule::epoch_mechanism(netuid, MechId::from(1), AlphaCurrency::from(1_000));
+        });
+        let l2 = with_log_capture("trace", || {
+            SubtensorModule::epoch_mechanism(netuid, MechId::from(2), AlphaCurrency::from(1_000));
+        });
+
+        // Check major epoch indicators
+        assert!(l0.contains("Weights (mask+norm): [[(2, 1)], [(2, 1)], [], []]"));
+        assert!(l0.contains("Ranks (before): [0, 0, 1, 0]"));
+        assert!(l0.contains("ΔB (norm): [[(2, 0.5)], [(2, 0.5)], [], []]"));
+        assert!(l0.contains("Normalized Combined Emission: [0.25, 0.25, 0.5, 0] "));
+
+        assert!(
+            l1.contains(
+                "Weights (mask+norm): [[(2, 0.5), (3, 0.5)], [(2, 0.5), (3, 0.5)], [], []]"
+            )
+        );
+        assert!(l1.contains("Ranks (before): [0, 0, 0.5, 0.5]"));
+        assert!(l1.contains("ΔB (norm): [[(2, 0.5), (3, 0.5)], [(2, 0.5), (3, 0.5)], [], []]"));
+        assert!(l1.contains("Normalized Combined Emission: [0.25, 0.25, 0.25, 0.25]"));
+
+        assert!(l2.contains("Weights (mask+norm): [[(3, 1)], [(3, 1)], [], []]"));
+        assert!(l2.contains("Ranks (before): [0, 0, 0, 1]"));
+        assert!(l2.contains("ΔB (norm): [[(3, 0.5)], [(3, 0.5)], [], []]"));
+        assert!(l2.contains("Normalized Combined Emission: [0.25, 0.25, 0, 0.5]"));
+
+        // Distinct outcomes
+        assert_ne!(l0, l1);
+        assert_ne!(l1, l2);
+        assert_ne!(l0, l2);
+    });
+}

From 0485b69691874def0b35ab963411b5883cdeefa9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Greg Zaitsev <gregz@opentensor.dev>
Date: Fri, 26 Sep 2025 15:52:00 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 057/218] Add multi-mechanism test for network dissolve

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/networks.rs | 106 +++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 104 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/networks.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/networks.rs
index 42de84f54f..aeb99b3e8a 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/networks.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/networks.rs
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ use crate::*;
 use frame_support::{assert_err, assert_ok};
 use frame_system::Config;
 use sp_core::U256;
-use sp_std::collections::btree_map::BTreeMap;
+use sp_std::collections::{btree_map::BTreeMap, vec_deque::VecDeque};
 use substrate_fixed::types::{I96F32, U64F64, U96F32};
-use subtensor_runtime_common::{NetUidStorageIndex, TaoCurrency};
+use subtensor_runtime_common::{MechId, NetUidStorageIndex, TaoCurrency};
 use subtensor_swap_interface::{OrderType, SwapHandler};
 
 #[test]
@@ -2046,3 +2046,105 @@ fn massive_dissolve_refund_and_reregistration_flow_is_lossless_and_cleans_state(
         );
     });
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn dissolve_clears_all_mechanism_scoped_maps_for_all_mechanisms() {
+    new_test_ext(0).execute_with(|| {
+        // Create a subnet we can dissolve.
+        let owner_cold = U256::from(123);
+        let owner_hot = U256::from(456);
+        let net = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hot, &owner_cold);
+
+        // We'll use two mechanisms for this subnet.
+        MechanismCountCurrent::<Test>::insert(net, MechId::from(2));
+        let m0 = MechId::from(0u8);
+        let m1 = MechId::from(1u8);
+
+        let idx0 = SubtensorModule::get_mechanism_storage_index(net, m0);
+        let idx1 = SubtensorModule::get_mechanism_storage_index(net, m1);
+
+        // Minimal content to ensure each storage actually has keys for BOTH mechanisms.
+
+        // --- Weights (DMAP: (netuid_index, uid) -> Vec<(dest_uid, weight_u16)>)
+        Weights::<Test>::insert(idx0, 0u16, vec![(1u16, 1u16)]);
+        Weights::<Test>::insert(idx1, 0u16, vec![(2u16, 1u16)]);
+
+        // --- Bonds (DMAP: (netuid_index, uid) -> Vec<(dest_uid, weight_u16)>)
+        Bonds::<Test>::insert(idx0, 0u16, vec![(1u16, 1u16)]);
+        Bonds::<Test>::insert(idx1, 0u16, vec![(2u16, 1u16)]);
+
+        // --- TimelockedWeightCommits (DMAP: (netuid_index, epoch) -> VecDeque<...>)
+        let hotkey = U256::from(1);
+        TimelockedWeightCommits::<Test>::insert(
+            idx0,
+            1u64,
+            VecDeque::from([(hotkey, 1u64, Default::default(), Default::default())]),
+        );
+        TimelockedWeightCommits::<Test>::insert(
+            idx1,
+            2u64,
+            VecDeque::from([(hotkey, 2u64, Default::default(), Default::default())]),
+        );
+
+        // --- Incentive (MAP: netuid_index -> Vec<u16>)
+        Incentive::<Test>::insert(idx0, vec![1u16, 2u16]);
+        Incentive::<Test>::insert(idx1, vec![3u16, 4u16]);
+
+        // --- LastUpdate (MAP: netuid_index -> Vec<u64>)
+        LastUpdate::<Test>::insert(idx0, vec![42u64]);
+        LastUpdate::<Test>::insert(idx1, vec![84u64]);
+
+        // Sanity: keys are present before dissolve.
+        assert!(Weights::<Test>::contains_key(idx0, 0u16));
+        assert!(Weights::<Test>::contains_key(idx1, 0u16));
+        assert!(Bonds::<Test>::contains_key(idx0, 0u16));
+        assert!(Bonds::<Test>::contains_key(idx1, 0u16));
+        assert!(TimelockedWeightCommits::<Test>::contains_key(idx0, 1u64));
+        assert!(TimelockedWeightCommits::<Test>::contains_key(idx1, 2u64));
+        assert!(Incentive::<Test>::contains_key(idx0));
+        assert!(Incentive::<Test>::contains_key(idx1));
+        assert!(LastUpdate::<Test>::contains_key(idx0));
+        assert!(LastUpdate::<Test>::contains_key(idx1));
+        assert!(MechanismCountCurrent::<Test>::contains_key(net));
+
+        // --- Dissolve the subnet ---
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::do_dissolve_network(net));
+
+        // After dissolve, ALL mechanism-scoped items must be cleared for ALL mechanisms.
+
+        // Weights/Bonds double-maps should have no entries under either index.
+        assert!(Weights::<Test>::iter_prefix(idx0).next().is_none());
+        assert!(Weights::<Test>::iter_prefix(idx1).next().is_none());
+        assert!(Bonds::<Test>::iter_prefix(idx0).next().is_none());
+        assert!(Bonds::<Test>::iter_prefix(idx1).next().is_none());
+
+        // WeightCommits (OptionQuery) should have no keys remaining.
+        assert!(WeightCommits::<Test>::iter_prefix(idx0).next().is_none());
+        assert!(WeightCommits::<Test>::iter_prefix(idx1).next().is_none());
+        assert!(!WeightCommits::<Test>::contains_key(idx0, owner_hot));
+        assert!(!WeightCommits::<Test>::contains_key(idx1, owner_cold));
+
+        // TimelockedWeightCommits (ValueQuery) — ensure both prefix spaces empty and keys gone.
+        assert!(
+            TimelockedWeightCommits::<Test>::iter_prefix(idx0)
+                .next()
+                .is_none()
+        );
+        assert!(
+            TimelockedWeightCommits::<Test>::iter_prefix(idx1)
+                .next()
+                .is_none()
+        );
+        assert!(!TimelockedWeightCommits::<Test>::contains_key(idx0, 1u64));
+        assert!(!TimelockedWeightCommits::<Test>::contains_key(idx1, 2u64));
+
+        // Single-map per-mechanism vectors cleared.
+        assert!(!Incentive::<Test>::contains_key(idx0));
+        assert!(!Incentive::<Test>::contains_key(idx1));
+        assert!(!LastUpdate::<Test>::contains_key(idx0));
+        assert!(!LastUpdate::<Test>::contains_key(idx1));
+
+        // MechanismCountCurrent cleared
+        assert!(!MechanismCountCurrent::<Test>::contains_key(net));
+    });
+}

From 800f82ef6188c0f173cb103f8a487858bf27bfde Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Reed <87283488+JohnReedV@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 28 Sep 2025 11:42:21 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 058/218] multiple pulse Txs per block

---
 pallets/drand/src/lib.rs | 142 +++++++++++++++++++++++----------------
 1 file changed, 85 insertions(+), 57 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/drand/src/lib.rs b/pallets/drand/src/lib.rs
index 145aeb6657..c92cbf9945 100644
--- a/pallets/drand/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/drand/src/lib.rs
@@ -309,6 +309,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
                         signature,
                         &payload.block_number,
                         &payload.public,
+                        None,
                     )
                 }
                 Call::write_pulse {
@@ -316,11 +317,13 @@ pub mod pallet {
                     signature,
                 } => {
                     let signature = signature.as_ref().ok_or(InvalidTransaction::BadSigner)?;
+                    let rounds: Vec<RoundNumber> = payload.pulses.iter().map(|p| p.round).collect();
                     Self::validate_signature_and_parameters(
                         payload,
                         signature,
                         &payload.block_number,
                         &payload.public,
+                        Some(&rounds),
                     )
                 }
                 _ => InvalidTransaction::Call.into(),
@@ -482,32 +485,37 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                 pulses.push(pulse);
             }
 
-            let signer = Signer::<T, T::AuthorityId>::all_accounts();
-
-            let results = signer.send_unsigned_transaction(
-                |account| PulsesPayload {
-                    block_number,
-                    pulses: pulses.clone(),
-                    public: account.public.clone(),
-                },
-                |pulses_payload, signature| Call::write_pulse {
-                    pulses_payload,
-                    signature: Some(signature),
-                },
-            );
-
-            for (acc, res) in &results {
-                match res {
-                    Ok(()) => log::debug!(
-                        "Drand: [{:?}] Submitted new pulses up to round: {:?}",
-                        acc.id,
-                        last_stored_round.saturating_add(rounds_to_fetch)
-                    ),
-                    Err(e) => log::error!(
-                        "Drand: [{:?}] Failed to submit transaction: {:?}",
-                        acc.id,
-                        e
-                    ),
+            let signer = Signer::<T, T::AuthorityId>::any_account();
+
+            // Submit one tx per pulse, ascending rounds.
+            for pulse in pulses.into_iter() {
+                let round = pulse.round;
+
+                if let Some((acc, res)) = signer.send_unsigned_transaction(
+                    |account| PulsesPayload {
+                        block_number,
+                        pulses: vec![pulse.clone()],
+                        public: account.public.clone(),
+                    },
+                    |pulses_payload, signature| Call::write_pulse {
+                        pulses_payload,
+                        signature: Some(signature),
+                    },
+                ) {
+                    match res {
+                        Ok(()) => log::debug!("Drand: [{:?}] submitted round {:?}", acc.id, round),
+                        Err(e) => log::debug!(
+                            "Drand: [{:?}] failed to submit round {:?}: {:?}",
+                            acc.id,
+                            round,
+                            e
+                        ),
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    log::debug!(
+                        "Drand: No local account available to submit round {:?}",
+                        round
+                    );
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -633,54 +641,74 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         signature: &T::Signature,
         block_number: &BlockNumberFor<T>,
         public: &T::Public,
+        rounds: Option<&[RoundNumber]>,
     ) -> TransactionValidity {
         let signature_valid =
             SignedPayload::<T>::verify::<T::AuthorityId>(payload, signature.clone());
         if !signature_valid {
             return InvalidTransaction::BadProof.into();
         }
-        Self::validate_transaction_parameters(block_number, public)
+        Self::validate_transaction_parameters(block_number, public, rounds)
     }
 
     fn validate_transaction_parameters(
         block_number: &BlockNumberFor<T>,
         public: &T::Public,
+        rounds: Option<&[RoundNumber]>,
     ) -> TransactionValidity {
-        // Now let's check if the transaction has any chance to succeed.
         let next_unsigned_at = NextUnsignedAt::<T>::get();
-        if &next_unsigned_at > block_number {
-            return InvalidTransaction::Stale.into();
-        }
-        // Let's make sure to reject transactions from the future.
         let current_block = frame_system::Pallet::<T>::block_number();
-        if &current_block < block_number {
+
+        if current_block < *block_number {
             return InvalidTransaction::Future.into();
         }
 
-        let provides_tag = (next_unsigned_at, public.encode()).using_encoded(blake2_256);
-
-        ValidTransaction::with_tag_prefix("DrandOffchainWorker")
-            // We set the priority to the value stored at `UnsignedPriority`.
-            .priority(T::UnsignedPriority::get())
-            // This transaction does not require anything else to go before into the pool.
-            // In theory we could require `previous_unsigned_at` transaction to go first,
-            // but it's not necessary in our case.
-            // We set the `provides` tag to be the same as `next_unsigned_at`. This makes
-            // sure only one transaction produced after `next_unsigned_at` will ever
-            // get to the transaction pool and will end up in the block.
-            // We can still have multiple transactions compete for the same "spot",
-            // and the one with higher priority will replace other one in the pool.
-            .and_provides(provides_tag)
-            // The transaction is only valid for next block. After that it's
-            // going to be revalidated by the pool.
-            .longevity(1)
-            // It's fine to propagate that transaction to other peers, which means it can be
-            // created even by nodes that don't produce blocks.
-            // Note that sometimes it's better to keep it for yourself (if you are the block
-            // producer), since for instance in some schemes others may copy your solution and
-            // claim a reward.
-            .propagate(true)
-            .build()
+        match rounds {
+            Some(rs) => {
+                let r_opt = rs.first().copied();
+                let has_second = rs.get(1).is_some();
+                let r = match (r_opt, has_second) {
+                    (Some(round), false) => round,
+                    _ => return InvalidTransaction::Call.into(),
+                };
+
+                // Allow multiple unsigned txs in the same block even after the first updates the gate.
+                if next_unsigned_at > current_block {
+                    return InvalidTransaction::Stale.into();
+                }
+
+                // Drop stale rounds at mempool time to avoid re-including last block's rounds.
+                let last = LastStoredRound::<T>::get();
+                if r <= last {
+                    return InvalidTransaction::Stale.into();
+                }
+
+                // Priority favors lower rounds first.
+                let priority =
+                    T::UnsignedPriority::get().saturating_add(u64::MAX.saturating_sub(r));
+
+                ValidTransaction::with_tag_prefix("DrandOffchainWorker")
+                    .priority(priority)
+                    .and_provides((b"drand", r).using_encoded(blake2_256))
+                    .longevity(3)
+                    .propagate(false)
+                    .build()
+            }
+
+            None => {
+                if next_unsigned_at > *block_number {
+                    return InvalidTransaction::Stale.into();
+                }
+
+                let provides_tag = (next_unsigned_at, public.encode()).using_encoded(blake2_256);
+                ValidTransaction::with_tag_prefix("DrandOffchainWorker")
+                    .priority(T::UnsignedPriority::get())
+                    .and_provides(provides_tag)
+                    .longevity(1)
+                    .propagate(true)
+                    .build()
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     fn prune_old_pulses(last_stored_round: RoundNumber) {

From 2b25f8a20262fc1670cc3c2a234acfdd31e879af Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Reed <87283488+JohnReedV@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 28 Sep 2025 12:16:23 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 059/218] clippy

---
 pallets/drand/src/lib.rs | 5 +----
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/drand/src/lib.rs b/pallets/drand/src/lib.rs
index c92cbf9945..e06bfe0f3c 100644
--- a/pallets/drand/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/drand/src/lib.rs
@@ -512,10 +512,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                         ),
                     }
                 } else {
-                    log::debug!(
-                        "Drand: No local account available to submit round {:?}",
-                        round
-                    );
+                    log::debug!("Drand: No local account available to submit round {round:?}");
                 }
             }
         }

From c7bfbad43898271dd9eabaaf2f1a5a5d9e05a374 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Reed <87283488+JohnReedV@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 28 Sep 2025 12:16:30 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 060/218] update test

---
 pallets/drand/src/tests.rs | 9 ++++++++-
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/pallets/drand/src/tests.rs b/pallets/drand/src/tests.rs
index fdc450b5e2..e07fbb08ca 100644
--- a/pallets/drand/src/tests.rs
+++ b/pallets/drand/src/tests.rs
@@ -275,9 +275,16 @@ fn test_validate_unsigned_write_pulse() {
         let block_number = 100_000_000;
         let alice = sp_keyring::Sr25519Keyring::Alice;
         System::set_block_number(block_number);
+
+        let pulse = Pulse {
+            round: 1,
+            randomness: frame_support::BoundedVec::truncate_from(vec![0u8; 32]),
+            signature: frame_support::BoundedVec::truncate_from(vec![1u8; 96]),
+        };
+
         let pulses_payload = PulsesPayload {
             block_number,
-            pulses: vec![],
+            pulses: vec![pulse],
             public: alice.public(),
         };
         let signature = alice.sign(&pulses_payload.encode());

From fc161b31f4ac46c1b09017cfaa75dd3d80456c3f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 29 Sep 2025 16:05:12 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 061/218] Update benchmarks

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/benchmarks.rs         | 16 ++++++++++++++++
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs  | 12 ++++++++++--
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs | 19 ++++++++++---------
 3 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/benchmarks.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/benchmarks.rs
index 6dd5390992..aff7df65bd 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/benchmarks.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/benchmarks.rs
@@ -1597,4 +1597,20 @@ mod pallet_benchmarks {
         #[extrinsic_call]
         _(RawOrigin::Signed(coldkey.clone()), hot.clone());
     }
+    #[benchmark]
+    fn set_root_claim_type() {
+        let coldkey: T::AccountId = whitelisted_caller();
+
+        #[extrinsic_call]
+        _(RawOrigin::Signed(coldkey.clone()), RootClaimTypeEnum::Keep);
+    }
+
+    // TODO: rework after subnets argument
+    #[benchmark]
+    fn claim_root() {
+        let coldkey: T::AccountId = whitelisted_caller();
+
+        #[extrinsic_call]
+        _(RawOrigin::Signed(coldkey.clone()));
+    }
 }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
index 560c3a8d68..778000cf78 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
@@ -2088,7 +2088,11 @@ mod dispatches {
         /// # Raises:
         ///
         #[pallet::call_index(116)]
-        #[pallet::weight((Weight::from_parts(200_000, 0).saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(1, 2)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::Yes))]
+        #[pallet::weight((
+            Weight::from_parts(13_000_000, 3994).saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(1_u64)),
+            DispatchClass::Normal,
+            Pays::Yes
+        ))]
         pub fn claim_root(origin: OriginFor<T>) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
             let coldkey: T::AccountId = ensure_signed(origin)?;
 
@@ -2106,7 +2110,11 @@ mod dispatches {
         /// 	- On the successfully setting the root claim type for the coldkey.
         ///
         #[pallet::call_index(117)]
-        #[pallet::weight((Weight::from_parts(45_000_000, 0).saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::Yes))]
+        #[pallet::weight((
+            Weight::from_parts(6_000_000, 0).saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
+            DispatchClass::Normal,
+            Pays::Yes
+        ))]
         pub fn set_root_claim_type(
             origin: OriginFor<T>,
             new_root_claim_type: RootClaimTypeEnum,
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
index 48a3ab78a1..5555275a37 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
@@ -193,23 +193,24 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         });
     }
 
-    // TODO: weight
     fn root_claim_on_subnet_weight(_root_claim_type: RootClaimTypeEnum) -> Weight {
-        Weight::default()
+        Weight::from_parts(60_000_000, 6987)
+            .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(7_u64))
+            .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(5_u64))
     }
     pub fn root_claim_all(hotkey: &T::AccountId, coldkey: &T::AccountId) -> Weight {
         let mut weight = Weight::default();
 
-        weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads(1));
         let root_claim_type = RootClaimType::<T>::get(coldkey);
+        weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads(1));
 
         // Iterate over all the subnets this hotkey has claimable for root.
         let root_claimable = RootClaimable::<T>::get(hotkey);
-        root_claimable.iter().for_each(|(netuid, _)| {
-            weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads(1));
-            weight.saturating_accrue(Self::root_claim_on_subnet_weight(root_claim_type.clone()));
+        weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads(1));
 
+        root_claimable.iter().for_each(|(netuid, _)| {
             Self::root_claim_on_subnet(hotkey, coldkey, *netuid, root_claim_type.clone());
+            weight.saturating_accrue(Self::root_claim_on_subnet_weight(root_claim_type.clone()));
         });
 
         weight
@@ -281,9 +282,9 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         weight
     }
 
-    // TODO:
-    fn block_hash_to_indices_weight(_k: u64, _n: u64) -> Weight {
-        Weight::default()
+    fn block_hash_to_indices_weight(k: u64, _n: u64) -> Weight {
+        Weight::from_parts(3_000_000, 1517)
+            .saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(100_412, 0).saturating_mul(k.into()))
     }
 
     pub fn maybe_add_coldkey_index(coldkey: &T::AccountId) {

From b39d51cc46770ee9ccf2a199e573471141918db6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 30 Sep 2025 16:21:45 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 062/218] Add coldkey to the new map.

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs | 4 ++++
 pallets/subtensor/src/swap/swap_coldkey.rs | 5 +++++
 2 files changed, 9 insertions(+)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
index 778000cf78..fa68019d56 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
@@ -2096,6 +2096,8 @@ mod dispatches {
         pub fn claim_root(origin: OriginFor<T>) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
             let coldkey: T::AccountId = ensure_signed(origin)?;
 
+            Self::maybe_add_coldkey_index(&coldkey);
+
             let weight = Self::do_root_claim(coldkey);
             Ok((Some(weight), Pays::Yes).into())
         }
@@ -2121,6 +2123,8 @@ mod dispatches {
         ) -> DispatchResult {
             let coldkey: T::AccountId = ensure_signed(origin)?;
 
+            Self::maybe_add_coldkey_index(&coldkey);
+
             Self::change_root_claim_type(&coldkey, new_root_claim_type);
             Ok(())
         }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/swap/swap_coldkey.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/swap/swap_coldkey.rs
index f7f9997183..f5901e0143 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/swap/swap_coldkey.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/swap/swap_coldkey.rs
@@ -173,6 +173,11 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                 );
                 // Remove the value from the old account.
                 Alpha::<T>::remove((&hotkey, old_coldkey, netuid));
+
+                // Register new coldkey with root stake
+                if new_alpha > U64F64::from(0u64) && netuid == NetUid::ROOT {
+                    Self::maybe_add_coldkey_index(&new_coldkey);
+                }
             }
             // Add the weight for the read and write.
             weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(2, 2));

From 57bcae36b7aba747c0fb5a697912271ef9fb6c99 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 30 Sep 2025 16:22:02 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 063/218] Add root staking maps migration.

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/block_step.rs |  2 +
 pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs                 | 13 +++++
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/helpers.rs     | 50 +++++++++++++++++++
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs    | 52 ++++++++++++++++++--
 4 files changed, 113 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/block_step.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/block_step.rs
index 8fd1814961..818235a955 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/block_step.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/block_step.rs
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ impl<T: Config + pallet_drand::Config> Pallet<T> {
         Self::try_set_pending_children(block_number);
         // --- 5. Run auto-claim root divs.
         Self::run_auto_claim_root_divs(last_block_hash);
+        // --- 6. Populate root coldkey maps.
+        Self::populate_root_coldkey_staking_maps();
 
         // Return ok.
         Ok(())
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
index 127a2e9cd6..7792482ecc 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
@@ -54,6 +54,8 @@ extern crate alloc;
 
 pub const MAX_CRV3_COMMIT_SIZE_BYTES: u32 = 5000;
 
+pub const ALPHA_MAP_BATCH_SIZE: usize = 30;
+
 #[allow(deprecated)]
 #[deny(missing_docs)]
 #[import_section(errors::errors)]
@@ -926,6 +928,12 @@ pub mod pallet {
         50400
     }
 
+    /// Default last Alpha map key for iteration
+    #[pallet::type_value]
+    pub fn DefaultAlphaIterationLastKey<T: Config>() -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
+        None
+    }
+
     #[pallet::type_value]
     /// Default value for ck burn, 18%.
     pub fn DefaultCKBurn<T: Config>() -> u64 {
@@ -1199,6 +1207,11 @@ pub mod pallet {
         U64F64, // Shares
         ValueQuery,
     >;
+
+    #[pallet::storage] // Contains last Alpha storage map key to iterate (check first)
+    pub type AlphaMapLastKey<T: Config> =
+        StorageValue<_, Option<Vec<u8>>, ValueQuery, DefaultAlphaIterationLastKey<T>>;
+
     #[pallet::storage] // --- MAP ( netuid ) --> token_symbol | Returns the token symbol for a subnet.
     pub type TokenSymbol<T: Config> =
         StorageMap<_, Identity, NetUid, Vec<u8>, ValueQuery, DefaultUnicodeVecU8<T>>;
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/helpers.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/helpers.rs
index c89a762f91..db6ea6254c 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/helpers.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/helpers.rs
@@ -327,4 +327,54 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             *total = total.saturating_sub(amount);
         });
     }
+
+    /// The function clears Alpha map in batches. Each run will check ALPHA_MAP_CLEAN_BATCH_SIZE
+    /// alphas. It keeps the alpha value stored when it's >= than MIN_ALPHA.
+    /// The function uses AlphaMapCleanLastKey as a storage for key iterator between runs.
+    pub fn populate_root_coldkey_staking_maps() {
+        // Get starting key for the batch. Get the first key if we restart the process.
+        let mut starting_raw_key = AlphaMapLastKey::<T>::get();
+        let mut starting_key = None;
+        if starting_raw_key.is_none() {
+            starting_key = Alpha::<T>::iter_keys().next();
+            starting_raw_key = starting_key.as_ref().map(Alpha::<T>::hashed_key_for);
+        }
+
+        if let Some(starting_raw_key) = starting_raw_key {
+            // Get the key batch
+            let mut keys = Alpha::<T>::iter_keys_from(starting_raw_key)
+                .take(ALPHA_MAP_BATCH_SIZE)
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+            // New iteration: insert the starting key in the batch if it's a new iteration
+            // iter_keys_from() skips the starting key
+            if let Some(starting_key) = starting_key {
+                if keys.len() == ALPHA_MAP_BATCH_SIZE {
+                    keys.remove(keys.len().saturating_sub(1));
+                }
+                keys.insert(0, starting_key);
+            }
+
+            let mut new_starting_key = None;
+            let new_iteration = keys.len() < ALPHA_MAP_BATCH_SIZE;
+
+            // Check and remove alphas if necessary
+            for key in keys {
+                let (_, coldkey, netuid) = key.clone();
+
+                if netuid == NetUid::ROOT {
+                    Self::maybe_add_coldkey_index(&coldkey);
+                }
+
+                new_starting_key = Some(Alpha::<T>::hashed_key_for(key));
+            }
+
+            // Restart the process if it's the last batch
+            if new_iteration {
+                new_starting_key = None;
+            }
+
+            AlphaMapLastKey::<T>::put(new_starting_key);
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
index d28ca3cdd4..eca6520422 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
 use crate::tests::mock::{
     RuntimeOrigin, SubtensorModule, Test, add_dynamic_network, new_test_ext, run_to_block,
 };
-use crate::{
-    NetworksAdded, RootClaimable, SubnetAlphaIn, SubnetMechanism, SubnetTAO, SubtokenEnabled,
-    Tempo, pallet,
-};
+use crate::{NetworksAdded, RootClaimable, SubnetAlphaIn, SubnetMechanism, SubnetTAO, SubtokenEnabled, Tempo, pallet, NumStakingColdkeys, StakingColdkeys, StakingColdkeysByIndex};
 use crate::{RootClaimType, RootClaimTypeEnum, RootClaimed};
 use approx::assert_abs_diff_eq;
 use frame_support::assert_ok;
@@ -868,3 +865,50 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_block_emissions() {
         assert!(new_stake > 0);
     });
 }
+#[test]
+fn test_populate_staking_maps() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let owner_coldkey = U256::from(1000);
+        let coldkey1 = U256::from(1001);
+        let coldkey2 = U256::from(1002);
+        let coldkey3 = U256::from(1003);
+        let hotkey = U256::from(1004);
+        let _netuid = add_dynamic_network(&hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+        let netuid2 = NetUid::from(2);
+
+        let root_stake = 200_000_000u64;
+        SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &coldkey1,
+            NetUid::ROOT,
+            root_stake.into(),
+        );
+        SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &coldkey2,
+            NetUid::ROOT,
+            root_stake.into(),
+        );
+        SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &coldkey3,
+            netuid2,
+            root_stake.into(),
+        );
+
+        assert_eq!(NumStakingColdkeys::<Test>::get(), 0);
+
+        // Populate maps through block step
+
+        run_to_block(2);
+
+        assert_eq!(NumStakingColdkeys::<Test>::get(), 2);
+
+        assert!(StakingColdkeysByIndex::<Test>::contains_key(&0));
+        assert!(StakingColdkeysByIndex::<Test>::contains_key(&1));
+
+        assert!(StakingColdkeys::<Test>::contains_key(&coldkey1));
+        assert!(StakingColdkeys::<Test>::contains_key(&coldkey2));
+        assert!(!StakingColdkeys::<Test>::contains_key(&coldkey3));
+    });
+}

From dbc6f663edceecc6f3362c6496e5193ff9fc5412 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aliaksandr Tsurko <ales@opentensor.dev>
Date: Wed, 1 Oct 2025 12:52:47 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 064/218] Refactor SwapHandler

---
 pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs   | 45 ++++++++++-------------------
 pallets/swap-interface/src/order.rs |  8 ++---
 pallets/swap/src/mock.rs            |  8 ++---
 pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs    | 44 +++++-----------------------
 pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs    | 44 ++++++++++++++--------------
 5 files changed, 53 insertions(+), 96 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs b/pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs
index b543590836..4646cc4933 100644
--- a/pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs
@@ -9,24 +9,29 @@ pub use order::*;
 
 mod order;
 
-pub trait SwapHandler<AccountId> {
-    fn swap<OrderT>(
+pub trait SwapEngine<OrderT: Order>: DefaultPriceLimit<OrderT::PaidIn, OrderT::PaidOut> {
+    fn swap(
         netuid: NetUid,
         order: OrderT,
         price_limit: TaoCurrency,
         drop_fees: bool,
         should_rollback: bool,
-    ) -> Result<SwapResult<OrderT::PaidIn, OrderT::PaidOut>, DispatchError>
-    where
-        OrderT: Order,
-        Self: SwapEngine<OrderT>;
-    fn sim_swap<OrderT>(
+    ) -> Result<SwapResult<OrderT::PaidIn, OrderT::PaidOut>, DispatchError>;
+    fn sim_swap(
         netuid: NetUid,
         order: OrderT,
-    ) -> Result<SwapResult<OrderT::PaidIn, OrderT::PaidOut>, DispatchError>
-    where
-        OrderT: Order,
-        Self: DefaultPriceLimit<OrderT::PaidIn, OrderT::PaidOut> + SwapEngine<OrderT>;
+    ) -> Result<SwapResult<OrderT::PaidIn, OrderT::PaidOut>, DispatchError>;
+}
+
+pub trait DefaultPriceLimit<PaidIn, PaidOut>
+where
+    PaidIn: Currency,
+    PaidOut: Currency,
+{
+    fn default_price_limit<C: Currency>() -> C;
+}
+
+pub trait SwapExt {
     fn approx_fee_amount<T: Currency>(netuid: NetUid, amount: T) -> T;
     fn current_alpha_price(netuid: NetUid) -> U96F32;
     fn max_price<C: Currency>() -> C;
@@ -42,24 +47,6 @@ pub trait SwapHandler<AccountId> {
     fn clear_protocol_liquidity(netuid: NetUid) -> DispatchResult;
 }
 
-pub trait DefaultPriceLimit<PaidIn, PaidOut>
-where
-    PaidIn: Currency,
-    PaidOut: Currency,
-{
-    fn default_price_limit<C: Currency>() -> C;
-}
-
-pub trait SwapEngine<OrderT: Order> {
-    fn swap(
-        netuid: NetUid,
-        order: OrderT,
-        price_limit: TaoCurrency,
-        drop_fees: bool,
-        should_rollback: bool,
-    ) -> Result<SwapResult<OrderT::PaidIn, OrderT::PaidOut>, DispatchError>;
-}
-
 #[derive(Decode, Encode, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Debug, TypeInfo)]
 pub struct SwapResult<PaidIn, PaidOut>
 where
diff --git a/pallets/swap-interface/src/order.rs b/pallets/swap-interface/src/order.rs
index 5fbfad9923..1576283fd5 100644
--- a/pallets/swap-interface/src/order.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap-interface/src/order.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ pub trait Order: Clone {
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Default)]
-pub struct AlphaForTao<ReserveIn, ReserveOut>
+pub struct GetAlphaForTao<ReserveIn, ReserveOut>
 where
     ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<TaoCurrency>,
     ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<AlphaCurrency>,
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ where
     _phantom: PhantomData<(ReserveIn, ReserveOut)>,
 }
 
-impl<ReserveIn, ReserveOut> Order for AlphaForTao<ReserveIn, ReserveOut>
+impl<ReserveIn, ReserveOut> Order for GetAlphaForTao<ReserveIn, ReserveOut>
 where
     ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<TaoCurrency> + Clone,
     ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<AlphaCurrency> + Clone,
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ where
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Default)]
-pub struct TaoForAlpha<ReserveIn, ReserveOut>
+pub struct GetTaoForAlpha<ReserveIn, ReserveOut>
 where
     ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<AlphaCurrency>,
     ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<TaoCurrency>,
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ where
     _phantom: PhantomData<(ReserveIn, ReserveOut)>,
 }
 
-impl<ReserveIn, ReserveOut> Order for TaoForAlpha<ReserveIn, ReserveOut>
+impl<ReserveIn, ReserveOut> Order for GetTaoForAlpha<ReserveIn, ReserveOut>
 where
     ReserveIn: CurrencyReserve<AlphaCurrency> + Clone,
     ReserveOut: CurrencyReserve<TaoCurrency> + Clone,
diff --git a/pallets/swap/src/mock.rs b/pallets/swap/src/mock.rs
index feaa3ea56b..5dae51c1db 100644
--- a/pallets/swap/src/mock.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap/src/mock.rs
@@ -120,8 +120,8 @@ impl CurrencyReserve<AlphaCurrency> for AlphaReserve {
     fn decrease_provided(_: NetUid, _: AlphaCurrency) {}
 }
 
-pub type AlphaForTao = subtensor_swap_interface::AlphaForTao<TaoReserve, AlphaReserve>;
-pub type TaoForAlpha = subtensor_swap_interface::TaoForAlpha<AlphaReserve, TaoReserve>;
+pub type GetAlphaForTao = subtensor_swap_interface::GetAlphaForTao<TaoReserve, AlphaReserve>;
+pub type GetTaoForAlpha = subtensor_swap_interface::GetTaoForAlpha<AlphaReserve, TaoReserve>;
 
 pub(crate) trait GlobalFeeInfo: Currency {
     fn global_fee(&self, netuid: NetUid) -> U64F64;
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ pub(crate) trait TestExt<O: Order> {
     ) -> f64;
 }
 
-impl TestExt<AlphaForTao> for Test {
+impl TestExt<GetAlphaForTao> for Test {
     fn approx_expected_swap_output(
         sqrt_current_price: f64,
         liquidity_before: f64,
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ impl TestExt<AlphaForTao> for Test {
     }
 }
 
-impl TestExt<TaoForAlpha> for Test {
+impl TestExt<GetTaoForAlpha> for Test {
     fn approx_expected_swap_output(
         sqrt_current_price: f64,
         liquidity_before: f64,
diff --git a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs
index 600a075934..0e49e82e56 100644
--- a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use subtensor_runtime_common::{
     AlphaCurrency, BalanceOps, Currency, CurrencyReserve, NetUid, SubnetInfo, TaoCurrency,
 };
 use subtensor_swap_interface::{
-    DefaultPriceLimit, Order as OrderT, SwapEngine, SwapHandler, SwapResult,
+    DefaultPriceLimit, Order as OrderT, SwapEngine, SwapExt, SwapResult,
 };
 
 use super::pallet::*;
@@ -984,6 +984,7 @@ impl<T: Config> DefaultPriceLimit<AlphaCurrency, TaoCurrency> for Pallet<T> {
 impl<T: Config, Order> SwapEngine<Order> for Pallet<T>
 where
     Order: OrderT,
+    Self: DefaultPriceLimit<Order::PaidIn, Order::PaidOut>,
     BasicSwapStep<T, Order::PaidIn, Order::PaidOut>: SwapStep<T, Order::PaidIn, Order::PaidOut>,
 {
     fn swap(
@@ -1007,49 +1008,16 @@ where
         )
         .map_err(Into::into)
     }
-}
-
-impl<T: Config> SwapHandler<T::AccountId> for Pallet<T> {
-    fn swap<Order>(
-        netuid: NetUid,
-        order: Order,
-        price_limit: TaoCurrency,
-        drop_fees: bool,
-        should_rollback: bool,
-    ) -> Result<SwapResult<Order::PaidIn, Order::PaidOut>, DispatchError>
-    where
-        Order: OrderT,
-        Self: SwapEngine<Order>,
-    {
-        <Self as SwapEngine<Order>>::swap(
-            NetUid::from(netuid),
-            order,
-            price_limit,
-            drop_fees,
-            should_rollback,
-        )
-        .map_err(Into::into)
-    }
 
-    fn sim_swap<Order>(
+    fn sim_swap(
         netuid: NetUid,
         order: Order,
-    ) -> Result<SwapResult<Order::PaidIn, Order::PaidOut>, DispatchError>
-    where
-        Order: OrderT,
-        Self: DefaultPriceLimit<Order::PaidIn, Order::PaidOut> + SwapEngine<Order>,
-    {
+    ) -> Result<SwapResult<Order::PaidIn, Order::PaidOut>, DispatchError> {
         match T::SubnetInfo::mechanism(netuid) {
             1 => {
                 let price_limit = Self::default_price_limit::<TaoCurrency>();
 
-                <Self as SwapHandler<T::AccountId>>::swap::<Order>(
-                    netuid,
-                    order,
-                    price_limit,
-                    false,
-                    true,
-                )
+                Self::swap(netuid, order, price_limit, false, true)
             }
             _ => {
                 let actual_amount = if T::SubnetInfo::exists(netuid) {
@@ -1065,7 +1033,9 @@ impl<T: Config> SwapHandler<T::AccountId> for Pallet<T> {
             }
         }
     }
+}
 
+impl<T: Config> SwapExt for Pallet<T> {
     fn approx_fee_amount<C: Currency>(netuid: NetUid, amount: C) -> C {
         Self::calculate_fee_amount(netuid, amount, false)
     }
diff --git a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs
index 0c50fa2519..88172c66ac 100644
--- a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs
@@ -666,7 +666,7 @@ fn test_modify_position_basic() {
 
             // Swap to create fees on the position
             let sqrt_limit_price = SqrtPrice::from_num((limit_price).sqrt());
-            let order = AlphaForTao::with_amount(liquidity / 10);
+            let order = GetAlphaForTao::with_amount(liquidity / 10);
             Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(netuid, order, sqrt_limit_price, false, false).unwrap();
 
             // Modify liquidity (also causes claiming of fees)
@@ -864,21 +864,21 @@ fn test_swap_basic() {
         // Test case is (order_type, liquidity, limit_price, output_amount)
         perform_test(
             1.into(),
-            AlphaForTao::with_amount(1_000),
+            GetAlphaForTao::with_amount(1_000),
             1000.0,
             3990,
             true,
         );
         perform_test(
             2.into(),
-            TaoForAlpha::with_amount(1_000),
+            GetTaoForAlpha::with_amount(1_000),
             0.0001,
             250,
             false,
         );
         perform_test(
             3.into(),
-            AlphaForTao::with_amount(500_000_000),
+            GetAlphaForTao::with_amount(500_000_000),
             1000.0,
             2_000_000_000,
             true,
@@ -1105,7 +1105,7 @@ fn test_swap_single_position() {
             // order_liquidity is represented as a fraction of position_liquidity
             for liquidity_fraction in [0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5] {
                 perform_test!(
-                    AlphaForTao,
+                    GetAlphaForTao,
                     price_low_offset,
                     price_high_offset,
                     position_liquidity,
@@ -1114,7 +1114,7 @@ fn test_swap_single_position() {
                     true
                 );
                 perform_test!(
-                    TaoForAlpha,
+                    GetTaoForAlpha,
                     price_low_offset,
                     price_high_offset,
                     position_liquidity,
@@ -1264,8 +1264,8 @@ fn test_swap_multiple_positions() {
             (1_000_000_000),
             (10_000_000_000),
         ] {
-            perform_test!(AlphaForTao, order_liquidity, 1000.0_f64, true);
-            perform_test!(TaoForAlpha, order_liquidity, 0.0001_f64, false);
+            perform_test!(GetAlphaForTao, order_liquidity, 1000.0_f64, true);
+            perform_test!(GetTaoForAlpha, order_liquidity, 0.0001_f64, false);
         }
 
         // Current price shouldn't be much different from the original
@@ -1285,7 +1285,7 @@ fn test_swap_multiple_positions() {
 fn test_swap_precision_edge_case() {
     new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
         let netuid = NetUid::from(123); // 123 is netuid with low edge case liquidity
-        let order = TaoForAlpha::with_amount(1_000_000_000_000_000_000);
+        let order = GetTaoForAlpha::with_amount(1_000_000_000_000_000_000);
         let tick_low = TickIndex::MIN;
 
         let sqrt_limit_price: SqrtPrice = tick_low.try_to_sqrt_price().unwrap();
@@ -1502,7 +1502,7 @@ fn test_swap_fee_correctness() {
         // Swap buy and swap sell
         Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(
             netuid,
-            AlphaForTao::with_amount(liquidity / 10),
+            GetAlphaForTao::with_amount(liquidity / 10),
             u64::MAX.into(),
             false,
             false,
@@ -1510,7 +1510,7 @@ fn test_swap_fee_correctness() {
         .unwrap();
         Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(
             netuid,
-            TaoForAlpha::with_amount(liquidity / 10),
+            GetTaoForAlpha::with_amount(liquidity / 10),
             0_u64.into(),
             false,
             false,
@@ -1607,7 +1607,7 @@ fn test_rollback_works() {
         assert_eq!(
             Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(
                 netuid,
-                AlphaForTao::with_amount(1_000_000),
+                GetAlphaForTao::with_amount(1_000_000),
                 u64::MAX.into(),
                 false,
                 true
@@ -1615,7 +1615,7 @@ fn test_rollback_works() {
             .unwrap(),
             Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(
                 netuid,
-                AlphaForTao::with_amount(1_000_000),
+                GetAlphaForTao::with_amount(1_000_000),
                 u64::MAX.into(),
                 false,
                 false
@@ -1659,7 +1659,7 @@ fn test_new_lp_doesnt_get_old_fees() {
         // Swap buy and swap sell
         Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(
             netuid,
-            AlphaForTao::with_amount(liquidity / 10),
+            GetAlphaForTao::with_amount(liquidity / 10),
             u64::MAX.into(),
             false,
             false,
@@ -1667,7 +1667,7 @@ fn test_new_lp_doesnt_get_old_fees() {
         .unwrap();
         Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(
             netuid,
-            TaoForAlpha::with_amount(liquidity / 10),
+            GetTaoForAlpha::with_amount(liquidity / 10),
             0_u64.into(),
             false,
             false,
@@ -1738,11 +1738,11 @@ fn test_wrapping_fees() {
 
         print_current_price(netuid);
 
-        let order = TaoForAlpha::with_amount(800_000_000);
+        let order = GetTaoForAlpha::with_amount(800_000_000);
         let sqrt_limit_price = SqrtPrice::from_num(0.000001);
         Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(netuid, order, sqrt_limit_price, false, false).unwrap();
 
-        let order = AlphaForTao::with_amount(1_850_000_000);
+        let order = GetAlphaForTao::with_amount(1_850_000_000);
         let sqrt_limit_price = SqrtPrice::from_num(1_000_000.0);
 
         print_current_price(netuid);
@@ -1761,7 +1761,7 @@ fn test_wrapping_fees() {
         )
         .unwrap();
 
-        let order = TaoForAlpha::with_amount(1_800_000_000);
+        let order = GetTaoForAlpha::with_amount(1_800_000_000);
         let sqrt_limit_price = SqrtPrice::from_num(0.000001);
 
         let initial_sqrt_price = AlphaSqrtPrice::<Test>::get(netuid);
@@ -1844,7 +1844,7 @@ fn test_less_price_movement() {
                 // Buy Alpha
                 assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(
                     netuid,
-                    AlphaForTao::with_amount(initial_stake_liquidity),
+                    GetAlphaForTao::with_amount(initial_stake_liquidity),
                     SqrtPrice::from_num(10_000_000_000_u64),
                     false,
                     false
@@ -1891,10 +1891,10 @@ fn test_less_price_movement() {
     }
 
     for provided_liquidity in [0, 1_000_000_000_000_u64] {
-        perform_test!(AlphaForTao, provided_liquidity, 1000.0_f64, true);
+        perform_test!(GetAlphaForTao, provided_liquidity, 1000.0_f64, true);
     }
     for provided_liquidity in [0, 1_000_000_000_000_u64] {
-        perform_test!(TaoForAlpha, provided_liquidity, 0.001_f64, false);
+        perform_test!(GetTaoForAlpha, provided_liquidity, 0.001_f64, false);
     }
 }
 
@@ -1972,7 +1972,7 @@ fn test_liquidate_v3_removes_positions_ticks_and_state() {
         let sqrt_limit_price = SqrtPrice::from_num(1_000_000.0);
         assert_ok!(Pallet::<Test>::do_swap(
             netuid,
-            AlphaForTao::with_amount(1_000_000),
+            GetAlphaForTao::with_amount(1_000_000),
             sqrt_limit_price,
             false,
             false

From cb4ba55d94e61f7d7eb22d4b3311d598a8e1ce22 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aliaksandr Tsurko <ales@opentensor.dev>
Date: Wed, 1 Oct 2025 14:25:21 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 065/218] Update swap api in subtensor module

---
 Cargo.lock                                    |   1 +
 .../subtensor/src/coinbase/block_emission.rs  |   4 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/root.rs        |   6 +-
 .../subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs    |  14 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs                  |  59 ++++++---
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/config.rs        |   9 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/rpc_info/stake_info.rs  |   4 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/add_stake.rs    |  22 ++-
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/helpers.rs      |  36 +++--
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/move_stake.rs   |  11 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/remove_stake.rs |  36 +++--
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/stake_utils.rs  | 125 +++++++-----------
 pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/leasing.rs      |   4 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/registration.rs |  12 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/subnet.rs       |   4 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/children.rs       |   4 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs       |  10 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch.rs          |   6 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mock.rs           |  19 +--
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/move_stake.rs     |  69 +++++-----
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/networks.rs       |  11 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/senate.rs         |   8 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/staking.rs        |  92 ++++++-------
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/staking2.rs       |  35 +++--
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_coldkey.rs   |   2 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_hotkey.rs    |   2 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/weights.rs        |   8 +-
 pallets/swap-interface/Cargo.toml             |   1 +
 pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs             |  13 ++
 pallets/transaction-fee/src/lib.rs            |   4 +-
 pallets/transaction-fee/src/tests/mock.rs     |   4 +-
 31 files changed, 300 insertions(+), 335 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 6b5204cb2a..5ccf87a3a0 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -17826,6 +17826,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "parity-scale-codec",
  "scale-info",
  "substrate-fixed",
+ "subtensor-macros",
  "subtensor-runtime-common",
 ]
 
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/block_emission.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/block_emission.rs
index 064bab4d2a..5c56b70c36 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/block_emission.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/block_emission.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use substrate_fixed::{
     types::{I96F32, U96F32},
 };
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{NetUid, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
+use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapExt;
 
 impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     /// Calculates the dynamic TAO emission for a given subnet.
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         let float_alpha_block_emission: U96F32 = U96F32::saturating_from_num(alpha_block_emission);
 
         // Get alpha price for subnet.
-        let alpha_price = T::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
+        let alpha_price = T::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
         log::debug!("{netuid:?} - alpha_price: {alpha_price:?}");
 
         // Get initial alpha_in
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/root.rs
index 6b09c9ed46..1353fe0f42 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/root.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use safe_math::*;
 use sp_core::Get;
 use substrate_fixed::types::{I64F64, U96F32};
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, NetUid, NetUidStorageIndex, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
+use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapExt;
 
 impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     /// Fetches the total count of root network validators
@@ -373,9 +373,9 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         );
 
         // 2. --- Perform the cleanup before removing the network.
-        T::SwapInterface::dissolve_all_liquidity_providers(netuid)?;
+        T::SwapExt::dissolve_all_liquidity_providers(netuid)?;
         Self::destroy_alpha_in_out_stakes(netuid)?;
-        T::SwapInterface::clear_protocol_liquidity(netuid)?;
+        T::SwapExt::clear_protocol_liquidity(netuid)?;
         T::CommitmentsInterface::purge_netuid(netuid);
 
         // 3. --- Remove the network
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs
index 3f2f715df6..f5e57da63b 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use alloc::collections::BTreeMap;
 use safe_math::*;
 use substrate_fixed::types::U96F32;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
+use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapExt;
 
 // Distribute dividends to each hotkey
 macro_rules! asfloat {
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         // Only calculate for subnets that we are emitting to.
         for netuid_i in subnets_to_emit_to.iter() {
             // Get subnet price.
-            let price_i = T::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price((*netuid_i).into());
+            let price_i = T::SwapExt::current_alpha_price((*netuid_i).into());
             log::debug!("price_i: {price_i:?}");
             // Get subnet TAO.
             let moving_price_i: U96F32 = Self::get_moving_alpha_price(*netuid_i);
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                 let buy_swap_result = Self::swap_tao_for_alpha(
                     *netuid_i,
                     tou64!(difference_tao).into(),
-                    T::SwapInterface::max_price().into(),
+                    T::SwapExt::max_price(),
                     true,
                 );
                 if let Ok(buy_swap_result_ok) = buy_swap_result {
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                 *total = total.saturating_add(tao_in_i.into());
             });
             // Adjust protocol liquidity based on new reserves
-            T::SwapInterface::adjust_protocol_liquidity(*netuid_i, tao_in_i, alpha_in_i);
+            T::SwapExt::adjust_protocol_liquidity(*netuid_i, tao_in_i, alpha_in_i);
         }
 
         // --- 5. Compute owner cuts and remove them from alpha_out remaining.
@@ -220,14 +220,14 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                 let swap_result = Self::swap_alpha_for_tao(
                     *netuid_i,
                     tou64!(root_alpha).into(),
-                    T::SwapInterface::min_price().into(),
+                    T::SwapExt::min_price(),
                     true,
                 );
                 if let Ok(ok_result) = swap_result {
-                    let root_tao: u64 = ok_result.amount_paid_out;
+                    let root_tao = ok_result.amount_paid_out;
                     // Accumulate root divs for subnet.
                     PendingRootDivs::<T>::mutate(*netuid_i, |total| {
-                        *total = total.saturating_add(root_tao.into());
+                        *total = total.saturating_add(root_tao);
                     });
                 }
             }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
index ab0809050f..e4f5e6d701 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ use scale_info::TypeInfo;
 use sp_core::Get;
 use sp_runtime::{DispatchError, transaction_validity::TransactionValidityError};
 use sp_std::marker::PhantomData;
-use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
+use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, CurrencyReserve, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
 
 // ============================
 //	==== Benchmark Imports =====
@@ -2124,17 +2124,48 @@ impl<T, H, P> CollectiveInterface<T, H, P> for () {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T: Config + pallet_balances::Config<Balance = u64>>
-    subtensor_runtime_common::SubnetInfo<T::AccountId> for Pallet<T>
-{
-    fn tao_reserve(netuid: NetUid) -> TaoCurrency {
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct TaoCurrencyReserve<T: Config>(PhantomData<T>);
+
+impl<T: Config> CurrencyReserve<TaoCurrency> for TaoCurrencyReserve<T> {
+    fn reserve(netuid: NetUid) -> TaoCurrency {
         SubnetTAO::<T>::get(netuid).saturating_add(SubnetTaoProvided::<T>::get(netuid))
     }
 
-    fn alpha_reserve(netuid: NetUid) -> AlphaCurrency {
+    fn increase_provided(netuid: NetUid, tao: TaoCurrency) {
+        Pallet::<T>::increase_provided_tao_reserve(netuid, tao);
+    }
+
+    fn decrease_provided(netuid: NetUid, tao: TaoCurrency) {
+        Pallet::<T>::decrease_provided_tao_reserve(netuid, tao);
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct AlphaCurrencyReserve<T: Config>(PhantomData<T>);
+
+impl<T: Config> CurrencyReserve<AlphaCurrency> for AlphaCurrencyReserve<T> {
+    fn reserve(netuid: NetUid) -> AlphaCurrency {
         SubnetAlphaIn::<T>::get(netuid).saturating_add(SubnetAlphaInProvided::<T>::get(netuid))
     }
 
+    fn increase_provided(netuid: NetUid, alpha: AlphaCurrency) {
+        Pallet::<T>::increase_provided_alpha_reserve(netuid, alpha);
+    }
+
+    fn decrease_provided(netuid: NetUid, alpha: AlphaCurrency) {
+        Pallet::<T>::decrease_provided_alpha_reserve(netuid, alpha);
+    }
+}
+
+pub type GetAlphaForTao<T> =
+    subtensor_swap_interface::GetAlphaForTao<TaoCurrencyReserve<T>, AlphaCurrencyReserve<T>>;
+pub type GetTaoForAlpha<T> =
+    subtensor_swap_interface::GetTaoForAlpha<AlphaCurrencyReserve<T>, TaoCurrencyReserve<T>>;
+
+impl<T: Config + pallet_balances::Config<Balance = u64>>
+    subtensor_runtime_common::SubnetInfo<T::AccountId> for Pallet<T>
+{
     fn exists(netuid: NetUid) -> bool {
         Self::if_subnet_exist(netuid)
     }
@@ -2231,22 +2262,6 @@ impl<T: Config + pallet_balances::Config<Balance = u64>>
             hotkey, coldkey, netuid, alpha,
         ))
     }
-
-    fn increase_provided_tao_reserve(netuid: NetUid, tao: TaoCurrency) {
-        Self::increase_provided_tao_reserve(netuid, tao);
-    }
-
-    fn decrease_provided_tao_reserve(netuid: NetUid, tao: TaoCurrency) {
-        Self::decrease_provided_tao_reserve(netuid, tao);
-    }
-
-    fn increase_provided_alpha_reserve(netuid: NetUid, alpha: AlphaCurrency) {
-        Self::increase_provided_alpha_reserve(netuid, alpha);
-    }
-
-    fn decrease_provided_alpha_reserve(netuid: NetUid, alpha: AlphaCurrency) {
-        Self::decrease_provided_alpha_reserve(netuid, alpha);
-    }
 }
 
 /// Enum that defines types of rate limited operations for
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/config.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/config.rs
index bcd1bcd56a..f6aeb6450c 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/config.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/config.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ mod config {
 
     use crate::CommitmentsInterface;
     use pallet_commitments::GetCommitments;
-    use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
+    use subtensor_swap_interface::{Order as OrderT, SwapEngine, SwapExt};
 
     /// Configure the pallet by specifying the parameters and types on which it depends.
     #[pallet::config]
@@ -54,8 +54,11 @@ mod config {
         /// the preimage to store the call data.
         type Preimages: QueryPreimage<H = Self::Hashing> + StorePreimage;
 
-        /// Swap interface.
-        type SwapInterface: SwapHandler<Self::AccountId>;
+        /// Implementor of `SwapExt` interface from `subtensor_swap_interface`
+        type SwapExt: SwapExt;
+
+        /// Implementor of `SwapEngine` interface from `subtensor_swap_interface`
+        type SwapEngine<Order: OrderT>: SwapEngine<Order>;
 
         /// Interface to allow interacting with the proxy pallet.
         type ProxyInterface: crate::ProxyInterface<Self::AccountId>;
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/rpc_info/stake_info.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/rpc_info/stake_info.rs
index 84e9e6d6b7..0844a33db7 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/rpc_info/stake_info.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/rpc_info/stake_info.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ extern crate alloc;
 use codec::Compact;
 use frame_support::pallet_prelude::{Decode, Encode};
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
+use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapExt;
 
 use super::*;
 
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             0_u64
         } else {
             let netuid = destination.or(origin).map(|v| v.1).unwrap_or_default();
-            T::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(netuid.into(), amount)
+            T::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(netuid.into(), TaoCurrency::from(amount)).to_u64()
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/add_stake.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/add_stake.rs
index 740d42d09e..0b1916c210 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/add_stake.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/add_stake.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use substrate_fixed::types::I96F32;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{NetUid, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::{OrderType, SwapHandler};
+use subtensor_swap_interface::{Order, SwapEngine, SwapExt};
 
 use super::*;
 
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             &coldkey,
             netuid,
             tao_staked.saturating_to_num::<u64>().into(),
-            T::SwapInterface::max_price().into(),
+            T::SwapExt::max_price(),
             true,
             false,
         )?;
@@ -193,19 +193,13 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         }
 
         // Use reverting swap to estimate max limit amount
-        let result = T::SwapInterface::swap(
-            netuid.into(),
-            OrderType::Buy,
-            u64::MAX,
-            limit_price.into(),
-            false,
-            true,
-        )
-        .map(|r| r.amount_paid_in.saturating_add(r.fee_paid))
-        .map_err(|_| Error::ZeroMaxStakeAmount)?;
+        let order = GetAlphaForTao::<T>::with_amount(u64::MAX);
+        let result = T::SwapEngine::swap(netuid.into(), order, limit_price, false, true)
+            .map(|r| r.amount_paid_in.saturating_add(r.fee_paid))
+            .map_err(|_| Error::ZeroMaxStakeAmount)?;
 
-        if result != 0 {
-            Ok(result)
+        if !result.is_zero() {
+            Ok(result.into())
         } else {
             Err(Error::ZeroMaxStakeAmount)
         }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/helpers.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/helpers.rs
index 1625afa811..5d66aca7c3 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/helpers.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/helpers.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use frame_support::traits::{
 use safe_math::*;
 use substrate_fixed::types::U96F32;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{NetUid, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::{OrderType, SwapHandler};
+use subtensor_swap_interface::{Order, SwapEngine, SwapExt};
 
 use super::*;
 
@@ -51,9 +51,8 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                 let alpha = U96F32::saturating_from_num(Self::get_stake_for_hotkey_on_subnet(
                     hotkey, netuid,
                 ));
-                let alpha_price = U96F32::saturating_from_num(
-                    T::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into()),
-                );
+                let alpha_price =
+                    U96F32::saturating_from_num(T::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into()));
                 alpha.saturating_mul(alpha_price)
             })
             .sum::<U96F32>()
@@ -73,20 +72,15 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                         let alpha_stake = Self::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
                             hotkey, coldkey, netuid,
                         );
-                        T::SwapInterface::sim_swap(
-                            netuid.into(),
-                            OrderType::Sell,
-                            alpha_stake.into(),
-                        )
-                        .map(|r| {
-                            let fee: u64 = U96F32::saturating_from_num(r.fee_paid)
-                                .saturating_mul(T::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(
-                                    netuid.into(),
-                                ))
-                                .saturating_to_num();
-                            r.amount_paid_out.saturating_add(fee)
-                        })
-                        .unwrap_or_default()
+                        let order = GetTaoForAlpha::<T>::with_amount(alpha_stake);
+                        T::SwapEngine::sim_swap(netuid.into(), order)
+                            .map(|r| {
+                                let fee: u64 = U96F32::saturating_from_num(r.fee_paid)
+                                    .saturating_mul(T::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into()))
+                                    .saturating_to_num();
+                                r.amount_paid_out.to_u64().saturating_add(fee)
+                            })
+                            .unwrap_or_default()
                     })
                     .sum::<u64>()
             })
@@ -190,7 +184,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                 Self::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(hotkey, coldkey, netuid);
             let min_alpha_stake =
                 U96F32::saturating_from_num(Self::get_nominator_min_required_stake())
-                    .safe_div(T::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid))
+                    .safe_div(T::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid))
                     .saturating_to_num::<u64>();
             if alpha_stake > 0.into() && alpha_stake < min_alpha_stake.into() {
                 // Log the clearing of a small nomination
@@ -202,7 +196,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                     coldkey,
                     netuid,
                     alpha_stake,
-                    T::SwapInterface::min_price().into(),
+                    T::SwapExt::min_price(),
                     false,
                 );
 
@@ -319,7 +313,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     }
 
     pub fn is_user_liquidity_enabled(netuid: NetUid) -> bool {
-        T::SwapInterface::is_user_liquidity_enabled(netuid)
+        T::SwapExt::is_user_liquidity_enabled(netuid)
     }
 
     pub fn recycle_subnet_alpha(netuid: NetUid, amount: AlphaCurrency) {
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/move_stake.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/move_stake.rs
index 589da2b4b8..d5b694012c 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/move_stake.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/move_stake.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use safe_math::*;
 use sp_core::Get;
 use substrate_fixed::types::U64F64;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
+use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapExt;
 
 impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     /// Moves stake from one hotkey to another across subnets.
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                 origin_coldkey,
                 origin_netuid,
                 move_amount,
-                T::SwapInterface::min_price().into(),
+                T::SwapExt::min_price(),
                 drop_fee_origin,
             )?;
 
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                     destination_coldkey,
                     destination_netuid,
                     tao_unstaked,
-                    T::SwapInterface::max_price().into(),
+                    T::SwapExt::max_price(),
                     set_limit,
                     drop_fee_destination,
                 )?;
@@ -499,9 +499,8 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         let limit_price_float: U64F64 = U64F64::saturating_from_num(limit_price)
             .checked_div(U64F64::saturating_from_num(1_000_000_000))
             .unwrap_or(U64F64::saturating_from_num(0));
-        let current_price = T::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(origin_netuid.into()).safe_div(
-            T::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(destination_netuid.into()),
-        );
+        let current_price = T::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(origin_netuid.into())
+            .safe_div(T::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(destination_netuid.into()));
         if limit_price_float > current_price {
             return Err(Error::ZeroMaxStakeAmount);
         }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/remove_stake.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/remove_stake.rs
index 9d610ea88f..d0a635534b 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/remove_stake.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/remove_stake.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
-use subtensor_swap_interface::{OrderType, SwapHandler};
+use subtensor_swap_interface::{SwapEngine, SwapExt};
 
 use super::*;
 use substrate_fixed::types::U96F32;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
+use subtensor_swap_interface::Order;
 
 impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     /// ---- The implementation for the extrinsic remove_stake: Removes stake from a hotkey account and adds it onto a coldkey.
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             &coldkey,
             netuid,
             alpha_unstaked,
-            T::SwapInterface::min_price().into(),
+            T::SwapExt::min_price(),
             false,
         )?;
 
@@ -168,7 +169,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                     &coldkey,
                     netuid,
                     alpha_unstaked,
-                    T::SwapInterface::min_price().into(),
+                    T::SwapExt::min_price(),
                     false,
                 )?;
 
@@ -261,7 +262,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                         &coldkey,
                         netuid,
                         alpha_unstaked,
-                        T::SwapInterface::min_price().into(),
+                        T::SwapExt::min_price(),
                         false,
                     )?;
 
@@ -280,7 +281,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             &coldkey,
             NetUid::ROOT,
             total_tao_unstaked,
-            T::SwapInterface::max_price().into(),
+            T::SwapExt::max_price(),
             false, // no limit for Root subnet
             false,
         )?;
@@ -405,19 +406,13 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         }
 
         // Use reverting swap to estimate max limit amount
-        let result = T::SwapInterface::swap(
-            netuid.into(),
-            OrderType::Sell,
-            u64::MAX,
-            limit_price.into(),
-            false,
-            true,
-        )
-        .map(|r| r.amount_paid_in.saturating_add(r.fee_paid))
-        .map_err(|_| Error::ZeroMaxStakeAmount)?;
+        let order = GetTaoForAlpha::<T>::with_amount(u64::MAX);
+        let result = T::SwapEngine::swap(netuid.into(), order, limit_price.into(), false, true)
+            .map(|r| r.amount_paid_in.saturating_add(r.fee_paid))
+            .map_err(|_| Error::ZeroMaxStakeAmount)?;
 
-        if result != 0 {
-            Ok(result.into())
+        if !result.is_zero() {
+            Ok(result)
         } else {
             Err(Error::ZeroMaxStakeAmount)
         }
@@ -469,13 +464,14 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             .saturating_to_num::<u64>();
 
         let owner_emission_tao: TaoCurrency = if owner_alpha_u64 > 0 {
-            match T::SwapInterface::sim_swap(netuid.into(), OrderType::Sell, owner_alpha_u64) {
-                Ok(sim) => TaoCurrency::from(sim.amount_paid_out),
+            let order = GetTaoForAlpha::<T>::with_amount(owner_alpha_u64);
+            match T::SwapEngine::sim_swap(netuid.into(), order) {
+                Ok(sim) => sim.amount_paid_out,
                 Err(e) => {
                     log::debug!(
                         "destroy_alpha_in_out_stakes: sim_swap owner α→τ failed (netuid={netuid:?}, alpha={owner_alpha_u64}, err={e:?}); falling back to price multiply.",
                     );
-                    let cur_price: U96F32 = T::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
+                    let cur_price: U96F32 = T::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
                     let val_u64: u64 = U96F32::from_num(owner_alpha_u64)
                         .saturating_mul(cur_price)
                         .floor()
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/stake_utils.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/stake_utils.rs
index 528289ec0e..58671d6c62 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/stake_utils.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/stake_utils.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use share_pool::{SharePool, SharePoolDataOperations};
 use sp_std::ops::Neg;
 use substrate_fixed::types::{I64F64, I96F32, U64F64, U96F32};
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::{OrderType, SwapHandler, SwapResult};
+use subtensor_swap_interface::{Order, SwapEngine, SwapExt, SwapResult};
 
 impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     /// Retrieves the total alpha issuance for a given subnet.
@@ -58,8 +58,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         // We can use unsigned type here: U96F32
         let one_minus_alpha: U96F32 = U96F32::saturating_from_num(1.0).saturating_sub(alpha);
         let current_price: U96F32 = alpha.saturating_mul(
-            T::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into())
-                .min(U96F32::saturating_from_num(1.0)),
+            T::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into()).min(U96F32::saturating_from_num(1.0)),
         );
         let current_moving: U96F32 =
             one_minus_alpha.saturating_mul(Self::get_moving_alpha_price(netuid));
@@ -579,35 +578,25 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         tao: TaoCurrency,
         price_limit: TaoCurrency,
         drop_fees: bool,
-    ) -> Result<SwapResult, DispatchError> {
+    ) -> Result<SwapResult<TaoCurrency, AlphaCurrency>, DispatchError> {
         // Step 1: Get the mechanism type for the subnet (0 for Stable, 1 for Dynamic)
         let mechanism_id: u16 = SubnetMechanism::<T>::get(netuid);
         let swap_result = if mechanism_id == 1 {
-            T::SwapInterface::swap(
-                netuid.into(),
-                OrderType::Buy,
-                tao.into(),
-                price_limit.into(),
-                drop_fees,
-                false,
-            )?
+            let order = GetAlphaForTao::<T>::with_amount(tao);
+            T::SwapEngine::swap(netuid.into(), order, price_limit.into(), drop_fees, false)?
         } else {
-            let abs_delta: u64 = tao.into();
-
             // Step 3.b.1: Stable mechanism, just return the value 1:1
             SwapResult {
-                amount_paid_in: tao.into(),
-                amount_paid_out: tao.into(),
-                fee_paid: 0,
-                tao_reserve_delta: abs_delta as i64,
-                alpha_reserve_delta: (abs_delta as i64).neg(),
+                amount_paid_in: tao,
+                amount_paid_out: tao.to_u64().into(),
+                fee_paid: TaoCurrency::ZERO,
             }
         };
 
-        let alpha_decrease = AlphaCurrency::from(swap_result.alpha_reserve_delta.unsigned_abs());
+        let alpha_decrease = swap_result.paid_out_reserve_delta_i64().unsigned_abs() as u64;
 
         // Decrease Alpha reserves.
-        Self::decrease_provided_alpha_reserve(netuid.into(), alpha_decrease);
+        Self::decrease_provided_alpha_reserve(netuid.into(), alpha_decrease.into());
 
         // Increase Alpha outstanding.
         SubnetAlphaOut::<T>::mutate(netuid, |total| {
@@ -618,7 +607,8 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         // (SubnetTAO + SubnetTaoProvided) in tao_reserve(), so it is irrelevant
         // which one to increase.
         SubnetTAO::<T>::mutate(netuid, |total| {
-            *total = total.saturating_add((swap_result.tao_reserve_delta as u64).into());
+            let delta = swap_result.paid_in_reserve_delta_i64().unsigned_abs() as u64;
+            *total = total.saturating_add(delta.into());
         });
 
         // Increase Total Tao reserves.
@@ -640,64 +630,46 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         alpha: AlphaCurrency,
         price_limit: TaoCurrency,
         drop_fees: bool,
-    ) -> Result<SwapResult, DispatchError> {
+    ) -> Result<SwapResult<AlphaCurrency, TaoCurrency>, DispatchError> {
         // Step 1: Get the mechanism type for the subnet (0 for Stable, 1 for Dynamic)
         let mechanism_id: u16 = SubnetMechanism::<T>::get(netuid);
         // Step 2: Swap alpha and attain tao
         let swap_result = if mechanism_id == 1 {
-            T::SwapInterface::swap(
-                netuid.into(),
-                OrderType::Sell,
-                alpha.into(),
-                price_limit.into(),
-                drop_fees,
-                false,
-            )?
+            let order = GetTaoForAlpha::<T>::with_amount(alpha);
+            T::SwapEngine::swap(netuid.into(), order, price_limit.into(), drop_fees, false)?
         } else {
-            let abs_delta: u64 = alpha.into();
-
             // Step 3.b.1: Stable mechanism, just return the value 1:1
             SwapResult {
-                amount_paid_in: alpha.into(),
-                amount_paid_out: alpha.into(),
-                fee_paid: 0,
-                tao_reserve_delta: (abs_delta as i64).neg(),
-                alpha_reserve_delta: abs_delta as i64,
+                amount_paid_in: alpha,
+                amount_paid_out: alpha.to_u64().into(),
+                fee_paid: AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             }
         };
 
         // Increase only the protocol Alpha reserve. We only use the sum of
         // (SubnetAlphaIn + SubnetAlphaInProvided) in alpha_reserve(), so it is irrelevant
         // which one to increase.
+        let alpha_delta = swap_result.paid_in_reserve_delta_i64().unsigned_abs() as u64;
         SubnetAlphaIn::<T>::mutate(netuid, |total| {
-            *total = total.saturating_add((swap_result.alpha_reserve_delta as u64).into());
+            *total = total.saturating_add(alpha_delta.into());
         });
 
         // Decrease Alpha outstanding.
         // TODO: Deprecate, not accurate in v3 anymore
         SubnetAlphaOut::<T>::mutate(netuid, |total| {
-            *total = total.saturating_sub((swap_result.alpha_reserve_delta as u64).into());
+            *total = total.saturating_sub(alpha_delta.into());
         });
 
         // Decrease tao reserves.
-        Self::decrease_provided_tao_reserve(
-            netuid.into(),
-            swap_result
-                .tao_reserve_delta
-                .abs()
-                .try_into()
-                .unwrap_or(0)
-                .into(),
-        );
+        let tao_delta = swap_result.paid_out_reserve_delta_i64().unsigned_abs() as u64;
+        Self::decrease_provided_tao_reserve(netuid.into(), tao_delta.into());
 
         // Reduce total TAO reserves.
-        TotalStake::<T>::mutate(|total| {
-            *total = total.saturating_sub(swap_result.amount_paid_out.into())
-        });
+        TotalStake::<T>::mutate(|total| *total = total.saturating_sub(swap_result.amount_paid_out));
 
         // Increase total subnet TAO volume.
         SubnetVolume::<T>::mutate(netuid, |total| {
-            *total = total.saturating_add(swap_result.amount_paid_out.into())
+            *total = total.saturating_add(swap_result.amount_paid_out.to_u64() as u128)
         });
 
         // Return the tao received.
@@ -751,7 +723,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             swap_result.amount_paid_out.into(),
             actual_alpha_decrease,
             netuid,
-            swap_result.fee_paid,
+            swap_result.fee_paid.to_u64(),
         ));
 
         log::debug!(
@@ -782,7 +754,10 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         // Swap the tao to alpha.
         let swap_result = Self::swap_tao_for_alpha(netuid, tao, price_limit, drop_fees)?;
 
-        ensure!(swap_result.amount_paid_out > 0, Error::<T>::AmountTooLow);
+        ensure!(
+            !swap_result.amount_paid_out.is_zero(),
+            Error::<T>::AmountTooLow
+        );
 
         ensure!(
             Self::try_increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
@@ -801,7 +776,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             swap_result.amount_paid_out.into(),
         )
         .is_zero()
-            || swap_result.amount_paid_out == 0
+            || swap_result.amount_paid_out.is_zero()
         {
             return Ok(AlphaCurrency::ZERO);
         }
@@ -826,7 +801,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             tao,
             swap_result.amount_paid_out.into(),
             netuid,
-            swap_result.fee_paid,
+            swap_result.fee_paid.to_u64(),
         ));
 
         log::debug!(
@@ -872,8 +847,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
 
         // Calculate TAO equivalent based on current price (it is accurate because
         // there's no slippage in this move)
-        let current_price =
-            <T as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
+        let current_price = <T as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
         let tao_equivalent: TaoCurrency = current_price
             .saturating_mul(U96F32::saturating_from_num(actual_alpha_moved))
             .saturating_to_num::<u64>()
@@ -946,9 +920,10 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         // Get the minimum balance (and amount) that satisfies the transaction
         let min_stake = DefaultMinStake::<T>::get();
         let min_amount = {
-            let fee = T::SwapInterface::sim_swap(netuid.into(), OrderType::Buy, min_stake.into())
+            let order = GetAlphaForTao::<T>::with_amount(min_stake);
+            let fee = T::SwapEngine::sim_swap(netuid.into(), order)
                 .map(|res| res.fee_paid)
-                .unwrap_or(T::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(
+                .unwrap_or(T::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(
                     netuid.into(),
                     min_stake.into(),
                 ));
@@ -978,18 +953,18 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             Error::<T>::HotKeyAccountNotExists
         );
 
-        let swap_result =
-            T::SwapInterface::sim_swap(netuid.into(), OrderType::Buy, stake_to_be_added.into())
-                .map_err(|_| Error::<T>::InsufficientLiquidity)?;
+        let order = GetAlphaForTao::<T>::with_amount(stake_to_be_added);
+        let swap_result = T::SwapEngine::sim_swap(netuid.into(), order)
+            .map_err(|_| Error::<T>::InsufficientLiquidity)?;
 
         // Check that actual withdrawn TAO amount is not lower than the minimum stake
         ensure!(
-            TaoCurrency::from(swap_result.amount_paid_in) >= min_stake,
+            swap_result.amount_paid_in >= min_stake,
             Error::<T>::AmountTooLow
         );
 
         ensure!(
-            swap_result.amount_paid_out > 0,
+            !swap_result.amount_paid_out.is_zero(),
             Error::<T>::InsufficientLiquidity
         );
 
@@ -1029,11 +1004,12 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         // Bypass this check if the user unstakes full amount
         let remaining_alpha_stake =
             Self::calculate_reduced_stake_on_subnet(hotkey, coldkey, netuid, alpha_unstaked)?;
-        match T::SwapInterface::sim_swap(netuid.into(), OrderType::Sell, alpha_unstaked.into()) {
+        let order = GetTaoForAlpha::<T>::with_amount(alpha_unstaked);
+        match T::SwapEngine::sim_swap(netuid.into(), order) {
             Ok(res) => {
                 if !remaining_alpha_stake.is_zero() {
                     ensure!(
-                        TaoCurrency::from(res.amount_paid_out) >= DefaultMinStake::<T>::get(),
+                        res.amount_paid_out >= DefaultMinStake::<T>::get(),
                         Error::<T>::AmountTooLow
                     );
                 }
@@ -1166,15 +1142,12 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         // If origin and destination netuid are different, do the swap-related checks
         if origin_netuid != destination_netuid {
             // Ensure that the stake amount to be removed is above the minimum in tao equivalent.
-            let tao_equivalent = T::SwapInterface::sim_swap(
-                origin_netuid.into(),
-                OrderType::Sell,
-                alpha_amount.into(),
-            )
-            .map(|res| res.amount_paid_out)
-            .map_err(|_| Error::<T>::InsufficientLiquidity)?;
+            let order = GetTaoForAlpha::<T>::with_amount(alpha_amount);
+            let tao_equivalent = T::SwapEngine::sim_swap(origin_netuid.into(), order)
+                .map(|res| res.amount_paid_out)
+                .map_err(|_| Error::<T>::InsufficientLiquidity)?;
             ensure!(
-                TaoCurrency::from(tao_equivalent) > DefaultMinStake::<T>::get(),
+                tao_equivalent > DefaultMinStake::<T>::get(),
                 Error::<T>::AmountTooLow
             );
 
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/leasing.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/leasing.rs
index 244b9af2e9..930b9453b6 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/leasing.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/leasing.rs
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ use sp_core::blake2_256;
 use sp_runtime::{Percent, traits::TrailingZeroInput};
 use substrate_fixed::types::U64F64;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
+use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapExt;
 
 pub type LeaseId = u32;
 
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             &lease.coldkey,
             lease.netuid,
             total_contributors_cut_alpha,
-            T::SwapInterface::min_price().into(),
+            T::SwapExt::min_price(),
             false,
         ) {
             Ok(tao_unstaked) => tao_unstaked,
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/registration.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/registration.rs
index bd7bdeed57..59ded2d028 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/registration.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/registration.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use sp_core::{H256, U256};
 use sp_io::hashing::{keccak_256, sha2_256};
 use sp_runtime::Saturating;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{Currency, NetUid};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
+use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapExt;
 use system::pallet_prelude::BlockNumberFor;
 
 const LOG_TARGET: &str = "runtime::subtensor::registration";
@@ -133,13 +133,9 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             Self::remove_balance_from_coldkey_account(&coldkey, registration_cost.into())?;
 
         // Tokens are swapped and then burned.
-        let burned_alpha = Self::swap_tao_for_alpha(
-            netuid,
-            actual_burn_amount,
-            T::SwapInterface::max_price().into(),
-            false,
-        )?
-        .amount_paid_out;
+        let burned_alpha =
+            Self::swap_tao_for_alpha(netuid, actual_burn_amount, T::SwapExt::max_price(), false)?
+                .amount_paid_out;
         SubnetAlphaOut::<T>::mutate(netuid, |total| {
             *total = total.saturating_sub(burned_alpha.into())
         });
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/subnet.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/subnet.rs
index 8439297e14..5d6a9c968e 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/subnet.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/subnet.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use super::*;
 use sp_core::Get;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{NetUid, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
+use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapExt;
 
 impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     /// Returns true if the subnetwork exists.
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             Self::deposit_event(Event::SubnetIdentitySet(netuid_to_register));
         }
 
-        T::SwapInterface::toggle_user_liquidity(netuid_to_register, true);
+        T::SwapExt::toggle_user_liquidity(netuid_to_register, true);
         // --- 18. Emit the NetworkAdded event.
         log::info!("NetworkAdded( netuid:{netuid_to_register:?}, mechanism:{mechid:?} )");
         Self::deposit_event(Event::NetworkAdded(netuid_to_register, mechid));
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/children.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/children.rs
index 0fee0af2ca..582a9f7246 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/children.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/children.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use approx::assert_abs_diff_eq;
 use frame_support::{assert_err, assert_noop, assert_ok};
 use substrate_fixed::types::{I64F64, I96F32, U96F32};
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, NetUidStorageIndex, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
+use subtensor_swap_interface::{SwapEngine, SwapExt};
 
 use crate::{utils::rate_limiting::TransactionType, *};
 use sp_core::U256;
@@ -3007,7 +3007,7 @@ fn test_parent_child_chain_emission() {
             SubtensorModule::swap_tao_for_alpha(
                 netuid,
                 total_tao.to_num::<u64>().into(),
-                <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price().into(),
+                <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
                 false,
             )
             .unwrap()
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs
index a4ea3988b9..90d037b024 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use pallet_subtensor_swap::position::PositionId;
 use sp_core::U256;
 use substrate_fixed::types::{I64F64, I96F32, U96F32};
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, NetUidStorageIndex};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
+use subtensor_swap_interface::{SwapEngine, SwapExt};
 
 #[allow(clippy::arithmetic_side_effects)]
 fn close(value: u64, target: u64, eps: u64) {
@@ -488,8 +488,8 @@ fn test_coinbase_alpha_issuance_with_cap_trigger_and_block_emission() {
         .unwrap();
 
         // Get the prices before the run_coinbase
-        let price_1_before = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid1);
-        let price_2_before = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid2);
+        let price_1_before = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid1);
+        let price_2_before = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid2);
 
         // Set issuance at 21M
         SubnetAlphaOut::<Test>::insert(netuid1, AlphaCurrency::from(21_000_000_000_000_000)); // Set issuance above 21M
@@ -499,8 +499,8 @@ fn test_coinbase_alpha_issuance_with_cap_trigger_and_block_emission() {
         SubtensorModule::run_coinbase(U96F32::from_num(emission));
 
         // Get the prices after the run_coinbase
-        let price_1_after = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid1);
-        let price_2_after = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid2);
+        let price_1_after = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid1);
+        let price_2_after = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid2);
 
         // AlphaIn gets decreased beacuse of a buy
         assert!(u64::from(SubnetAlphaIn::<Test>::get(netuid1)) < initial_alpha);
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch.rs
index 7c23dc2b2c..7f7faf78eb 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use rand::{Rng, SeedableRng, distributions::Uniform, rngs::StdRng, seq::SliceRan
 use sp_core::{Get, U256};
 use substrate_fixed::types::I32F32;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, NetUidStorageIndex, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
+use subtensor_swap_interface::{SwapEngine, SwapExt};
 
 use super::mock::*;
 use crate::epoch::math::{fixed, u16_proportion_to_fixed};
@@ -1322,7 +1322,7 @@ fn test_set_alpha_disabled() {
         migrations::migrate_create_root_network::migrate_create_root_network::<Test>();
         SubtensorModule::add_balance_to_coldkey_account(&coldkey, 1_000_000_000_000_000);
         assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::root_register(signer.clone(), hotkey,));
-        let fee = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(
+        let fee = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(
             netuid.into(),
             DefaultMinStake::<Test>::get().into(),
         );
@@ -2292,7 +2292,7 @@ fn test_get_set_alpha() {
         assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::register_network(signer.clone(), hotkey));
         SubtokenEnabled::<Test>::insert(netuid, true);
 
-        let fee = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(
+        let fee = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(
             netuid.into(),
             DefaultMinStake::<Test>::get().into(),
         );
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mock.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mock.rs
index 7c9861398d..e38e2a86bb 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mock.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mock.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ use sp_runtime::{
 };
 use sp_std::{cell::RefCell, cmp::Ordering};
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{NetUid, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::{OrderType, SwapHandler};
+use subtensor_swap_interface::{Order as OrderT, SwapEngine, SwapExt};
 
 type Block = frame_system::mocking::MockBlock<Test>;
 
@@ -457,7 +457,8 @@ impl crate::Config for Test {
     type InitialTaoWeight = InitialTaoWeight;
     type InitialEmaPriceHalvingPeriod = InitialEmaPriceHalvingPeriod;
     type DurationOfStartCall = DurationOfStartCall;
-    type SwapInterface = Swap;
+    type SwapExt = Swap;
+    type SwapEngine<O: OrderT> = Swap<O>;
     type KeySwapOnSubnetCost = InitialKeySwapOnSubnetCost;
     type HotkeySwapOnSubnetInterval = HotkeySwapOnSubnetInterval;
     type ProxyInterface = FakeProxier;
@@ -980,7 +981,7 @@ pub fn increase_stake_on_coldkey_hotkey_account(
         coldkey,
         netuid,
         tao_staked,
-        <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price().into(),
+        <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
         false,
         false,
     )
@@ -1016,11 +1017,11 @@ pub(crate) fn swap_tao_to_alpha(netuid: NetUid, tao: TaoCurrency) -> (AlphaCurre
         return (tao.to_u64().into(), 0);
     }
 
-    let result = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::swap(
+    let result = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapEngine::swap(
         netuid.into(),
         OrderType::Buy,
         tao.into(),
-        <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::max_price(),
+        <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::max_price(),
         false,
         true,
     );
@@ -1045,15 +1046,15 @@ pub(crate) fn swap_alpha_to_tao_ext(
     }
 
     println!(
-        "<Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::min_price() = {:?}",
-        <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::min_price()
+        "<Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::min_price() = {:?}",
+        <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::min_price()
     );
 
-    let result = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::swap(
+    let result = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapEngine::swap(
         netuid.into(),
         OrderType::Sell,
         alpha.into(),
-        <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::min_price(),
+        <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::min_price(),
         drop_fees,
         true,
     );
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/move_stake.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/move_stake.rs
index e49903aa86..54d142b9c5 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/move_stake.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/move_stake.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use frame_support::{assert_err, assert_noop, assert_ok};
 use sp_core::{Get, U256};
 use substrate_fixed::types::{U64F64, U96F32};
 use subtensor_runtime_common::TaoCurrency;
-use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
+use subtensor_swap_interface::{SwapEngine, SwapExt};
 
 use super::mock;
 use super::mock::*;
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ fn test_do_move_success() {
             &coldkey,
             netuid.into(),
             stake_amount,
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ fn test_do_move_different_subnets() {
             &coldkey,
             origin_netuid,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -140,10 +140,8 @@ fn test_do_move_different_subnets() {
             ),
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO
         );
-        let fee = <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(
-            destination_netuid.into(),
-            alpha.into(),
-        );
+        let fee =
+            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(destination_netuid.into(), alpha.into());
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(
             SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
                 &destination_hotkey,
@@ -180,7 +178,7 @@ fn test_do_move_nonexistent_subnet() {
             &coldkey,
             origin_netuid,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -284,7 +282,7 @@ fn test_do_move_nonexistent_destination_hotkey() {
             &coldkey,
             netuid,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -349,7 +347,7 @@ fn test_do_move_partial_stake() {
                     &coldkey,
                     netuid,
                     total_stake.into(),
-                    <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price().into(),
+                    <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
                     false,
                     false,
                 )
@@ -418,7 +416,7 @@ fn test_do_move_multiple_times() {
             &coldkey,
             netuid,
             initial_stake.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -490,7 +488,7 @@ fn test_do_move_wrong_origin() {
             &coldkey,
             netuid,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -557,7 +555,7 @@ fn test_do_move_same_hotkey_fails() {
             &coldkey,
             netuid,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -608,7 +606,7 @@ fn test_do_move_event_emission() {
             &coldkey,
             netuid,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -621,8 +619,7 @@ fn test_do_move_event_emission() {
 
         // Move stake and capture events
         System::reset_events();
-        let current_price =
-            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
+        let current_price = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
         let tao_equivalent = (current_price * U96F32::from_num(alpha)).to_num::<u64>(); // no fee conversion
         assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::do_move_stake(
             RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),
@@ -669,7 +666,7 @@ fn test_do_move_storage_updates() {
             &coldkey,
             origin_netuid,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -736,7 +733,7 @@ fn test_move_full_amount_same_netuid() {
             &coldkey,
             netuid,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -804,7 +801,7 @@ fn test_do_move_max_values() {
             &coldkey,
             netuid,
             max_stake.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -910,7 +907,7 @@ fn test_do_transfer_success() {
             &origin_coldkey,
             netuid,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -1019,7 +1016,7 @@ fn test_do_transfer_insufficient_stake() {
             &origin_coldkey,
             netuid,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -1060,7 +1057,7 @@ fn test_do_transfer_wrong_origin() {
             &origin_coldkey,
             netuid,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -1098,7 +1095,7 @@ fn test_do_transfer_minimum_stake_check() {
             &origin_coldkey,
             netuid,
             stake_amount,
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -1146,7 +1143,7 @@ fn test_do_transfer_different_subnets() {
             &origin_coldkey,
             origin_netuid,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -1212,7 +1209,7 @@ fn test_do_swap_success() {
             &coldkey,
             origin_netuid,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -1320,7 +1317,7 @@ fn test_do_swap_insufficient_stake() {
             &coldkey,
             netuid1,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -1355,7 +1352,7 @@ fn test_do_swap_wrong_origin() {
             &real_coldkey,
             netuid1,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -1393,7 +1390,7 @@ fn test_do_swap_minimum_stake_check() {
             &coldkey,
             netuid1,
             total_stake,
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -1429,7 +1426,7 @@ fn test_do_swap_same_subnet() {
             &coldkey,
             netuid,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -1474,7 +1471,7 @@ fn test_do_swap_partial_stake() {
             &coldkey,
             origin_netuid,
             total_stake_tao.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -1526,7 +1523,7 @@ fn test_do_swap_storage_updates() {
             &coldkey,
             origin_netuid,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -1586,7 +1583,7 @@ fn test_do_swap_multiple_times() {
             &coldkey,
             netuid1,
             initial_stake.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -1657,7 +1654,7 @@ fn test_do_swap_allows_non_owned_hotkey() {
             &coldkey,
             origin_netuid,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -1805,7 +1802,7 @@ fn test_transfer_stake_rate_limited() {
             &origin_coldkey,
             netuid,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
             true,
             false,
         )
@@ -1850,7 +1847,7 @@ fn test_transfer_stake_doesnt_limit_destination_coldkey() {
             &origin_coldkey,
             netuid,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -1896,7 +1893,7 @@ fn test_swap_stake_limits_destination_netuid() {
             &origin_coldkey,
             netuid,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
             false,
             false,
         )
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/networks.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/networks.rs
index 42de84f54f..d3ff811683 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/networks.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/networks.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use sp_core::U256;
 use sp_std::collections::btree_map::BTreeMap;
 use substrate_fixed::types::{I96F32, U64F64, U96F32};
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{NetUidStorageIndex, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::{OrderType, SwapHandler};
+use subtensor_swap_interface::{SwapEngine, SwapExt};
 
 #[test]
 fn test_registration_ok() {
@@ -225,8 +225,7 @@ fn dissolve_owner_cut_refund_logic() {
             .saturating_to_num::<u64>();
 
         // Current α→τ price for this subnet.
-        let price: U96F32 =
-            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(net.into());
+        let price: U96F32 = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(net.into());
         let owner_emission_tao_u64: u64 = U96F32::from_num(owner_alpha_u64)
             .saturating_mul(price)
             .floor()
@@ -782,7 +781,7 @@ fn destroy_alpha_out_many_stakers_complex_distribution() {
         // Runtime-exact min amount = min_stake + fee
         let min_amount = {
             let min_stake = DefaultMinStake::<Test>::get();
-            let fee = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(
+            let fee = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(
                 netuid.into(),
                 min_stake.into(),
             );
@@ -869,7 +868,7 @@ fn destroy_alpha_out_many_stakers_complex_distribution() {
             .floor()
             .saturating_to_num::<u64>();
 
-        let owner_emission_tao_u64: u64 = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::sim_swap(
+        let owner_emission_tao_u64: u64 = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapEngine::sim_swap(
             netuid.into(),
             OrderType::Sell,
             owner_alpha_u64,
@@ -878,7 +877,7 @@ fn destroy_alpha_out_many_stakers_complex_distribution() {
         .unwrap_or_else(|_| {
             // Fallback matches the pallet's fallback
             let price: U96F32 =
-                <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
+                <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
             U96F32::from_num(owner_alpha_u64)
                 .saturating_mul(price)
                 .floor()
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/senate.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/senate.rs
index 23d3552240..390a54932c 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/senate.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/senate.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ use sp_runtime::{
     traits::{BlakeTwo256, Hash},
 };
 use subtensor_runtime_common::TaoCurrency;
-use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
+use subtensor_swap_interface::{SwapEngine, SwapExt};
 
 use super::mock;
 use super::mock::*;
@@ -724,10 +724,8 @@ fn test_adjust_senate_events() {
         let max_senate_size: u16 = SenateMaxMembers::get() as u16;
         let stake_threshold = {
             let default_stake = DefaultMinStake::<Test>::get().to_u64();
-            let fee = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(
-                netuid,
-                default_stake.into(),
-            );
+            let fee =
+                <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(netuid, default_stake.into());
             default_stake + fee
         };
 
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/staking.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/staking.rs
index b36788fa31..714ac3da0f 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/staking.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/staking.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use substrate_fixed::types::{I96F32, I110F18, U64F64, U96F32};
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{
     AlphaCurrency, Currency as CurrencyT, NetUid, NetUidStorageIndex, TaoCurrency,
 };
-use subtensor_swap_interface::{OrderType, SwapHandler};
+use subtensor_swap_interface::{SwapEngine, SwapExt};
 
 use super::mock;
 use super::mock::*;
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ fn test_add_stake_ok_no_emission() {
 
         let (tao_expected, _) = mock::swap_alpha_to_tao(netuid, alpha_staked);
         let approx_fee =
-            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(netuid.into(), amount);
+            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(netuid.into(), amount);
 
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(
             SubtensorModule::get_total_stake_for_hotkey(&hotkey_account_id),
@@ -581,8 +581,7 @@ fn test_add_stake_partial_below_min_stake_fails() {
         .unwrap();
 
         // Get the current price (should be 1.0)
-        let current_price =
-            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
+        let current_price = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
         assert_eq!(current_price.to_num::<f64>(), 1.0);
 
         // Set limit price close to 1.0 so that we hit the limit on adding and the amount is lower than min stake
@@ -602,7 +601,7 @@ fn test_add_stake_partial_below_min_stake_fails() {
         );
 
         let new_current_price =
-            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
+            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
         assert_eq!(new_current_price.to_num::<f64>(), 1.0);
     });
 }
@@ -715,7 +714,7 @@ fn test_remove_stake_total_balance_no_change() {
 
         // Add subnet TAO for the equivalent amount added at price
         let amount_tao = U96F32::saturating_from_num(amount)
-            * <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
+            * <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
         SubnetTAO::<Test>::mutate(netuid, |v| {
             *v += amount_tao.saturating_to_num::<u64>().into()
         });
@@ -729,7 +728,7 @@ fn test_remove_stake_total_balance_no_change() {
             amount.into()
         ));
 
-        let fee = <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(netuid.into(), amount);
+        let fee = <Test as Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(netuid.into(), amount);
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(
             SubtensorModule::get_coldkey_balance(&coldkey_account_id),
             amount - fee,
@@ -864,7 +863,7 @@ fn test_remove_stake_insufficient_liquidity() {
             &coldkey,
             netuid,
             amount_staked.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -2172,8 +2171,7 @@ fn test_get_total_delegated_stake_after_unstaking() {
             netuid,
             unstake_amount_alpha.into()
         ));
-        let current_price =
-            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
+        let current_price = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
 
         // Calculate the expected delegated stake
         let unstake_amount =
@@ -2876,7 +2874,7 @@ fn test_max_amount_add_dynamic() {
             if !alpha_in.is_zero() {
                 let expected_price = U96F32::from_num(tao_in) / U96F32::from_num(alpha_in);
                 assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-                    <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into())
+                    <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into())
                         .to_num::<f64>(),
                     expected_price.to_num::<f64>(),
                     epsilon = expected_price.to_num::<f64>() / 1_000_f64
@@ -3091,7 +3089,7 @@ fn test_max_amount_remove_dynamic() {
                 if !alpha_in.is_zero() {
                     let expected_price = I96F32::from_num(tao_in) / I96F32::from_num(alpha_in);
                     assert_eq!(
-                        <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into()),
+                        <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into()),
                         expected_price
                     );
                 }
@@ -3262,7 +3260,7 @@ fn test_max_amount_move_stable_dynamic() {
         SubnetTAO::<Test>::insert(dynamic_netuid, tao_reserve);
         SubnetAlphaIn::<Test>::insert(dynamic_netuid, alpha_in);
         let current_price =
-            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(dynamic_netuid.into());
+            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(dynamic_netuid.into());
         assert_eq!(current_price, U96F32::from_num(0.5));
 
         // The tests below just mimic the add_stake_limit tests for reverted price
@@ -3362,7 +3360,7 @@ fn test_max_amount_move_dynamic_stable() {
         SubnetTAO::<Test>::insert(dynamic_netuid, tao_reserve);
         SubnetAlphaIn::<Test>::insert(dynamic_netuid, alpha_in);
         let current_price =
-            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(dynamic_netuid.into());
+            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(dynamic_netuid.into());
         assert_eq!(current_price, U96F32::from_num(1.5));
 
         // The tests below just mimic the remove_stake_limit tests
@@ -3667,9 +3665,9 @@ fn test_max_amount_move_dynamic_dynamic() {
                     if dest_price != 0 {
                         let expected_price = origin_price / dest_price;
                         assert_eq!(
-                            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(
+                            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(
                                 origin_netuid.into()
-                            ) / <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(
+                            ) / <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(
                                 destination_netuid.into()
                             ),
                             expected_price
@@ -3706,8 +3704,7 @@ fn test_add_stake_limit_ok() {
         let tao_reserve = TaoCurrency::from(150_000_000_000);
         let alpha_in = AlphaCurrency::from(100_000_000_000);
         mock::setup_reserves(netuid, tao_reserve, alpha_in);
-        let current_price =
-            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
+        let current_price = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
         assert_eq!(current_price, U96F32::from_num(1.5));
 
         // Give it some $$$ in his coldkey balance
@@ -3741,7 +3738,7 @@ fn test_add_stake_limit_ok() {
         );
 
         // Check that 450 TAO less fees balance still remains free on coldkey
-        let fee = <tests::mock::Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(
+        let fee = <tests::mock::Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(
             netuid.into(),
             amount / 2,
         ) as f64;
@@ -3753,8 +3750,7 @@ fn test_add_stake_limit_ok() {
 
         // Check that price has updated to ~24 = (150+450) / (100 - 75)
         let exp_price = U96F32::from_num(24.0);
-        let current_price =
-            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
+        let current_price = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(
             exp_price.to_num::<f64>(),
             current_price.to_num::<f64>(),
@@ -3778,8 +3774,7 @@ fn test_add_stake_limit_fill_or_kill() {
         let alpha_in = AlphaCurrency::from(100_000_000_000);
         SubnetTAO::<Test>::insert(netuid, tao_reserve);
         SubnetAlphaIn::<Test>::insert(netuid, alpha_in);
-        let current_price =
-            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
+        let current_price = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
         // FIXME it's failing because in the swap pallet, the alpha price is set only after an
         // initial swap
         assert_eq!(current_price, U96F32::from_num(1.5));
@@ -3885,8 +3880,7 @@ fn test_remove_stake_limit_ok() {
         );
 
         // Setup limit price to 99% of current price
-        let current_price =
-            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
+        let current_price = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
         let limit_price = (current_price.to_num::<f64>() * 990_000_000_f64) as u64;
 
         // Alpha unstaked - calculated using formula from delta_in()
@@ -3942,8 +3936,7 @@ fn test_remove_stake_limit_fill_or_kill() {
         let alpha_in = AlphaCurrency::from(100_000_000_000);
         SubnetTAO::<Test>::insert(netuid, tao_reserve);
         SubnetAlphaIn::<Test>::insert(netuid, alpha_in);
-        let current_price =
-            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
+        let current_price = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
         assert_eq!(current_price, U96F32::from_num(1.5));
 
         // Setup limit price so that it doesn't drop by more than 10% from current price
@@ -4027,11 +4020,11 @@ fn test_add_stake_specific_stake_into_subnet_fail() {
 
         // Add stake as new hotkey
         let expected_alpha = AlphaCurrency::from(
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::swap(
+            <Test as Config>::SwapEngine::swap(
                 netuid.into(),
                 OrderType::Buy,
                 tao_staked.into(),
-                <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price(),
+                <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price(),
                 false,
                 true,
             )
@@ -4163,7 +4156,7 @@ fn test_remove_99_9989_per_cent_stake_leaves_a_little() {
         ));
 
         // Check that all alpha was unstaked and 99% TAO balance was returned (less fees)
-        // let fee = <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(netuid.into(), (amount as f64 * 0.99) as u64);
+        // let fee = <Test as Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(netuid.into(), (amount as f64 * 0.99) as u64);
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(
             SubtensorModule::get_coldkey_balance(&coldkey_account_id),
             (amount as f64 * 0.99) as u64 - fee,
@@ -4220,7 +4213,7 @@ fn test_move_stake_limit_partial() {
         SubnetTAO::<Test>::insert(destination_netuid, tao_reserve * 100_000.into());
         SubnetAlphaIn::<Test>::insert(destination_netuid, alpha_in * 100_000.into());
         let current_price =
-            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(origin_netuid.into());
+            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(origin_netuid.into());
         assert_eq!(current_price, U96F32::from_num(1.5));
 
         // The relative price between origin and destination subnets is 1.
@@ -4463,11 +4456,10 @@ fn test_stake_into_subnet_ok() {
         let alpha_in = AlphaCurrency::from(1_000_000_000_000);
         mock::setup_reserves(netuid, tao_reserve, alpha_in);
         let current_price =
-            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into())
-                .to_num::<f64>();
+            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into()).to_num::<f64>();
 
         // Initialize swap v3
-        assert_ok!(<tests::mock::Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::swap(
+        assert_ok!(<tests::mock::Test as pallet::Config>::SwapEngine::swap(
             netuid.into(),
             OrderType::Buy,
             0,
@@ -4517,11 +4509,10 @@ fn test_stake_into_subnet_low_amount() {
         let alpha_in = AlphaCurrency::from(1_000_000_000_000);
         mock::setup_reserves(netuid, tao_reserve, alpha_in);
         let current_price =
-            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into())
-                .to_num::<f64>();
+            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into()).to_num::<f64>();
 
         // Initialize swap v3
-        assert_ok!(<tests::mock::Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::swap(
+        assert_ok!(<tests::mock::Test as pallet::Config>::SwapEngine::swap(
             netuid.into(),
             OrderType::Buy,
             0,
@@ -4569,7 +4560,7 @@ fn test_unstake_from_subnet_low_amount() {
         mock::setup_reserves(netuid, tao_reserve, alpha_in);
 
         // Initialize swap v3
-        assert_ok!(<tests::mock::Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::swap(
+        assert_ok!(<tests::mock::Test as pallet::Config>::SwapEngine::swap(
             netuid.into(),
             OrderType::Buy,
             0,
@@ -4627,7 +4618,7 @@ fn test_stake_into_subnet_prohibitive_limit() {
         mock::setup_reserves(netuid, tao_reserve, alpha_in);
 
         // Initialize swap v3
-        assert_ok!(<tests::mock::Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::swap(
+        assert_ok!(<tests::mock::Test as pallet::Config>::SwapEngine::swap(
             netuid.into(),
             OrderType::Buy,
             0,
@@ -4683,7 +4674,7 @@ fn test_unstake_from_subnet_prohibitive_limit() {
         mock::setup_reserves(netuid, tao_reserve, alpha_in);
 
         // Initialize swap v3
-        assert_ok!(<tests::mock::Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::swap(
+        assert_ok!(<tests::mock::Test as pallet::Config>::SwapEngine::swap(
             netuid.into(),
             OrderType::Buy,
             0,
@@ -4759,7 +4750,7 @@ fn test_unstake_full_amount() {
         mock::setup_reserves(netuid, tao_reserve, alpha_in);
 
         // Initialize swap v3
-        assert_ok!(<tests::mock::Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::swap(
+        assert_ok!(<tests::mock::Test as pallet::Config>::SwapEngine::swap(
             netuid.into(),
             OrderType::Buy,
             0,
@@ -4884,16 +4875,15 @@ fn test_swap_fees_tao_correctness() {
 
         // Add owner coldkey Alpha as concentrated liquidity
         // between current price current price + 0.01
-        let current_price =
-            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into())
-                .to_num::<f64>()
-                + 0.0001;
+        let current_price = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into())
+            .to_num::<f64>()
+            + 0.0001;
         let limit_price = current_price + 0.01;
         let tick_low = price_to_tick(current_price);
         let tick_high = price_to_tick(limit_price);
         let liquidity = amount;
 
-        assert_ok!(<Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::do_add_liquidity(
+        assert_ok!(<Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::do_add_liquidity(
             netuid.into(),
             &owner_coldkey,
             &owner_hotkey,
@@ -5145,7 +5135,7 @@ fn test_default_min_stake_sufficiency() {
         let alpha_in = AlphaCurrency::from(21_000_000_000_000_000);
         mock::setup_reserves(netuid, tao_reserve, alpha_in);
         let current_price_before =
-            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
+            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
 
         // Stake and unstake
         assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::add_stake(
@@ -5156,7 +5146,7 @@ fn test_default_min_stake_sufficiency() {
         ));
         let fee_stake = (fee_rate * amount as f64) as u64;
         let current_price_after_stake =
-            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
+            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
         remove_stake_rate_limit_for_tests(&owner_hotkey, &coldkey, netuid);
         let user_alpha = SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
             &owner_hotkey,
@@ -5171,7 +5161,7 @@ fn test_default_min_stake_sufficiency() {
         ));
         let fee_unstake = (fee_rate * user_alpha.to_u64() as f64) as u64;
         let current_price_after_unstake =
-            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
+            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
 
         assert!(fee_stake > 0);
         assert!(fee_unstake > 0);
@@ -5215,7 +5205,7 @@ fn test_update_position_fees() {
             // Add owner coldkey Alpha as concentrated liquidity
             // between current price current price + 0.01
             let current_price =
-                <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into())
+                <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into())
                     .to_num::<f64>()
                     + 0.0001;
             let limit_price = current_price + 0.001;
@@ -5223,7 +5213,7 @@ fn test_update_position_fees() {
             let tick_high = price_to_tick(limit_price);
             let liquidity = amount;
 
-            let (position_id, _, _) = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::do_add_liquidity(
+            let (position_id, _, _) = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::do_add_liquidity(
                 NetUid::from(netuid),
                 &owner_coldkey,
                 &owner_hotkey,
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/staking2.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/staking2.rs
index f5d57d02d3..250893fc13 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/staking2.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/staking2.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use frame_support::{
 };
 use sp_core::U256;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
+use subtensor_swap_interface::{SwapEngine, SwapExt};
 
 use super::mock;
 use super::mock::*;
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ fn test_stake_base_case() {
             SubtensorModule::swap_tao_for_alpha(
                 netuid,
                 tao_to_swap,
-                <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price().into(),
+                <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
                 false,
             )
             .unwrap()
@@ -699,7 +699,7 @@ fn test_stake_fee_api() {
             stake_amount,
         );
         let dynamic_fee_0 =
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(netuid0.into(), stake_amount);
+            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(netuid0.into(), stake_amount);
         assert_eq!(stake_fee_0, dynamic_fee_0);
 
         // Test stake fee for remove on root
@@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ fn test_stake_fee_api() {
             stake_amount,
         );
         let dynamic_fee_1 =
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(root_netuid.into(), stake_amount);
+            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(root_netuid.into(), stake_amount);
         assert_eq!(stake_fee_1, dynamic_fee_1);
 
         // Test stake fee for move from root to non-root
@@ -723,7 +723,7 @@ fn test_stake_fee_api() {
             stake_amount,
         );
         let dynamic_fee_2 =
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(netuid0.into(), stake_amount);
+            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(netuid0.into(), stake_amount);
         assert_eq!(stake_fee_2, dynamic_fee_2);
 
         // Test stake fee for move between hotkeys on root
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ fn test_stake_fee_api() {
             stake_amount,
         );
         let dynamic_fee_3 =
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(root_netuid.into(), stake_amount);
+            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(root_netuid.into(), stake_amount);
         assert_eq!(stake_fee_3, dynamic_fee_3);
 
         // Test stake fee for move between coldkeys on root
@@ -747,7 +747,7 @@ fn test_stake_fee_api() {
             stake_amount,
         );
         let dynamic_fee_4 =
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(root_netuid.into(), stake_amount);
+            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(root_netuid.into(), stake_amount);
         assert_eq!(stake_fee_4, dynamic_fee_4);
 
         // Test stake fee for *swap* from non-root to root
@@ -759,7 +759,7 @@ fn test_stake_fee_api() {
             stake_amount,
         );
         let dynamic_fee_5 =
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(root_netuid.into(), stake_amount);
+            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(root_netuid.into(), stake_amount);
         assert_eq!(stake_fee_5, dynamic_fee_5);
 
         // Test stake fee for move between hotkeys on non-root
@@ -771,7 +771,7 @@ fn test_stake_fee_api() {
             stake_amount,
         );
         let dynamic_fee_6 =
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(netuid0.into(), stake_amount);
+            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(netuid0.into(), stake_amount);
         assert_eq!(stake_fee_6, dynamic_fee_6);
 
         // Test stake fee for move between coldkeys on non-root
@@ -783,7 +783,7 @@ fn test_stake_fee_api() {
             stake_amount,
         );
         let dynamic_fee_7 =
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(netuid0.into(), stake_amount);
+            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(netuid0.into(), stake_amount);
         assert_eq!(stake_fee_7, dynamic_fee_7);
 
         // Test stake fee for *swap* from non-root to non-root
@@ -795,7 +795,7 @@ fn test_stake_fee_api() {
             stake_amount,
         );
         let dynamic_fee_8 =
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(netuid1.into(), stake_amount);
+            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(netuid1.into(), stake_amount);
         assert_eq!(stake_fee_8, dynamic_fee_8);
     });
 }
@@ -847,32 +847,29 @@ fn test_stake_fee_calculation() {
         // Test stake fee for add_stake
 
         // Default for adding stake
-        let stake_fee =
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(netuid0.into(), stake_amount);
+        let stake_fee = <Test as Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(netuid0.into(), stake_amount);
         assert_eq!(stake_fee, default_fee);
 
         // Test stake fee for remove on root
         let stake_fee =
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(root_netuid.into(), stake_amount); // Default for removing stake from root
+            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(root_netuid.into(), stake_amount); // Default for removing stake from root
         assert_eq!(stake_fee, default_fee);
 
         // Test stake fee for move from root to non-root
 
         // Default for moving stake from root to non-root
-        let stake_fee =
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(netuid0.into(), stake_amount);
+        let stake_fee = <Test as Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(netuid0.into(), stake_amount);
         assert_eq!(stake_fee, default_fee);
 
         // Test stake fee for move between hotkeys on root
         let stake_fee =
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(root_netuid.into(), stake_amount); // Default for moving stake between hotkeys on root
+            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(root_netuid.into(), stake_amount); // Default for moving stake between hotkeys on root
         assert_eq!(stake_fee, default_fee);
 
         // Test stake fee for *swap* from non-root to non-root
 
         // Charged a dynamic fee
-        let stake_fee =
-            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(netuid1.into(), stake_amount);
+        let stake_fee = <Test as Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(netuid1.into(), stake_amount);
         assert_ne!(stake_fee, default_fee);
     });
 }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_coldkey.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_coldkey.rs
index 59792d5602..08aec6cd32 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_coldkey.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_coldkey.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ use sp_runtime::traits::{DispatchInfoOf, TransactionExtension};
 use sp_runtime::{DispatchError, traits::TxBaseImplication};
 use substrate_fixed::types::U96F32;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, SubnetInfo, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::{OrderType, SwapHandler};
+use subtensor_swap_interface::{SwapEngine, SwapExt};
 
 use super::mock;
 use super::mock::*;
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_hotkey.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_hotkey.rs
index 5991baf07a..e47c4549ef 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_hotkey.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_hotkey.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use sp_core::{Get, H160, H256, U256};
 use sp_runtime::SaturatedConversion;
 use substrate_fixed::types::U64F64;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, NetUidStorageIndex, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
+use subtensor_swap_interface::{SwapEngine, SwapExt};
 
 use super::mock;
 use super::mock::*;
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/weights.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/weights.rs
index bc9af5cf07..fa9df72775 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/weights.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/weights.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use sp_runtime::{
 use sp_std::collections::vec_deque::VecDeque;
 use substrate_fixed::types::I32F32;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{NetUidStorageIndex, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
+use subtensor_swap_interface::{SwapEngine, SwapExt};
 use tle::{
     curves::drand::TinyBLS381,
     ibe::fullident::Identity,
@@ -281,10 +281,8 @@ fn test_set_weights_validate() {
         );
 
         // Increase the stake and make it to be equal to the minimum threshold
-        let fee = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(
-            netuid.into(),
-            min_stake.into(),
-        );
+        let fee =
+            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(netuid.into(), min_stake.into());
         assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::do_add_stake(
             RuntimeOrigin::signed(hotkey),
             hotkey,
diff --git a/pallets/swap-interface/Cargo.toml b/pallets/swap-interface/Cargo.toml
index a5ae9ac75f..e4392c6d67 100644
--- a/pallets/swap-interface/Cargo.toml
+++ b/pallets/swap-interface/Cargo.toml
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ frame-support.workspace = true
 scale-info.workspace = true
 substrate-fixed.workspace = true
 subtensor-runtime-common.workspace = true
+subtensor-macros.workspace = true
 
 [lints]
 workspace = true
diff --git a/pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs b/pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs
index 4646cc4933..d3ab99013d 100644
--- a/pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ use core::ops::Neg;
 
 use frame_support::pallet_prelude::*;
 use substrate_fixed::types::U96F32;
+use subtensor_macros::freeze_struct;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
 
 pub use order::*;
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@ pub trait SwapExt {
     fn clear_protocol_liquidity(netuid: NetUid) -> DispatchResult;
 }
 
+#[freeze_struct("d3d0b124fe5a97c8")]
 #[derive(Decode, Encode, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Debug, TypeInfo)]
 pub struct SwapResult<PaidIn, PaidOut>
 where
@@ -67,7 +69,18 @@ where
         self.amount_paid_in.to_u64() as i128
     }
 
+    pub fn paid_in_reserve_delta_i64(&self) -> i64 {
+        self.paid_in_reserve_delta()
+            .clamp(i64::MIN as i128, i64::MAX as i128) as i64
+    }
+
     pub fn paid_out_reserve_delta(&self) -> i128 {
         (self.amount_paid_out.to_u64() as i128).neg()
     }
+
+    pub fn paid_out_reserve_delta_i64(&self) -> i64 {
+        (self.amount_paid_out.to_u64() as i128)
+            .neg()
+            .clamp(i64::MIN as i128, i64::MAX as i128) as i64
+    }
 }
diff --git a/pallets/transaction-fee/src/lib.rs b/pallets/transaction-fee/src/lib.rs
index 42ba69c841..2526ed6693 100644
--- a/pallets/transaction-fee/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/transaction-fee/src/lib.rs
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use sp_runtime::{
 use pallet_subtensor::Call as SubtensorCall;
 use pallet_transaction_payment::Config as PTPConfig;
 use pallet_transaction_payment::OnChargeTransaction;
-use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
+use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapExt;
 
 // Misc
 use core::marker::PhantomData;
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ where
     ///
     /// If this function returns true, but at the time of execution the Alpha price
     /// changes and it becomes impossible to pay tx fee with the Alpha balance,
-    /// the transaction still executes and all Alpha is withdrawn from the account.    
+    /// the transaction still executes and all Alpha is withdrawn from the account.
     fn can_withdraw_in_alpha(
         coldkey: &AccountIdOf<T>,
         alpha_vec: &[(AccountIdOf<T>, NetUid)],
diff --git a/pallets/transaction-fee/src/tests/mock.rs b/pallets/transaction-fee/src/tests/mock.rs
index 92915aafc0..b7b21c358b 100644
--- a/pallets/transaction-fee/src/tests/mock.rs
+++ b/pallets/transaction-fee/src/tests/mock.rs
@@ -615,11 +615,11 @@ pub(crate) fn swap_alpha_to_tao_ext(
         return (alpha.into(), 0);
     }
 
-    let result = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::swap(
+    let result = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapEngine::swap(
         netuid.into(),
         OrderType::Sell,
         alpha.into(),
-        <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::min_price(),
+        <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::min_price(),
         drop_fees,
         true,
     );

From cc7a1df05016627d65c810500284ad411f825119 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 2 Oct 2025 18:29:08 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 066/218] Add run_coinbase test for root claim.

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs | 80 ++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 79 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
index eca6520422..2d7c4b93ca 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 use crate::tests::mock::{
     RuntimeOrigin, SubtensorModule, Test, add_dynamic_network, new_test_ext, run_to_block,
 };
-use crate::{NetworksAdded, RootClaimable, SubnetAlphaIn, SubnetMechanism, SubnetTAO, SubtokenEnabled, Tempo, pallet, NumStakingColdkeys, StakingColdkeys, StakingColdkeysByIndex};
+use crate::{
+    NetworksAdded, NumStakingColdkeys, PendingRootAlphaDivs, RootClaimable, StakingColdkeys,
+    StakingColdkeysByIndex, SubnetAlphaIn, SubnetMechanism, SubnetTAO, SubtokenEnabled, Tempo,
+    pallet,
+};
 use crate::{RootClaimType, RootClaimTypeEnum, RootClaimed};
 use approx::assert_abs_diff_eq;
 use frame_support::assert_ok;
@@ -912,3 +916,77 @@ fn test_populate_staking_maps() {
         assert!(!StakingColdkeys::<Test>::contains_key(&coldkey3));
     });
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn test_claim_root_coinbase_distribution() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let owner_coldkey = U256::from(1001);
+        let hotkey = U256::from(1002);
+        let coldkey = U256::from(1003);
+        let netuid = add_dynamic_network(&hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+
+        Tempo::<Test>::insert(netuid, 1);
+        SubtensorModule::set_tao_weight(u64::MAX); // Set TAO weight to 1.0
+
+        let root_stake = 200_000_000u64;
+        let initial_tao = 200_000_000u64;
+        SubnetTAO::<Test>::insert(NetUid::ROOT, TaoCurrency::from(initial_tao));
+
+        SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &coldkey,
+            NetUid::ROOT,
+            root_stake.into(),
+        );
+
+        let initial_total_hotkey_alpha = 10_000_000u64;
+        SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &owner_coldkey,
+            netuid,
+            initial_total_hotkey_alpha.into(),
+        );
+
+        let initial_alpha_issuance = SubtensorModule::get_alpha_issuance(netuid);
+        let alpha_emissions: AlphaCurrency = 1_000_000_000u64.into();
+
+        // Check total issuance (saved to pending alpha divs)
+
+        run_to_block(2);
+
+        let alpha_issuance = SubtensorModule::get_alpha_issuance(netuid);
+        assert_eq!(initial_alpha_issuance + alpha_emissions, alpha_issuance);
+
+        let root_prop = initial_tao as f64 / (u64::from(alpha_issuance) + initial_tao) as f64;
+        let root_validators_share = 0.5f64;
+
+        let expected_pending_root_alpha_divs =
+            u64::from(alpha_emissions) as f64 * root_prop * root_validators_share;
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+            u64::from(PendingRootAlphaDivs::<Test>::get(netuid)) as f64,
+            expected_pending_root_alpha_divs,
+            epsilon = 100f64
+        );
+
+        // Epoch pending alphas divs is distributed
+
+        run_to_block(3);
+
+        assert_eq!(u64::from(PendingRootAlphaDivs::<Test>::get(netuid)), 0u64);
+
+        let claimable = *RootClaimable::<Test>::get(hotkey)
+            .get(&netuid)
+            .expect("claimable must exist at this point");
+
+        let validator_take_percent = 0.18f64;
+        let calculated_rate = (expected_pending_root_alpha_divs * 2f64)
+            * (1f64 - validator_take_percent)
+            / (root_stake as f64);
+
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+            claimable.saturating_to_num::<f64>(),
+            calculated_rate,
+            epsilon = 0.001f64,
+        );
+    });
+}

From 78e45afe36ee8d8b34db1270825614890903b158 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 3 Oct 2025 17:13:13 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 067/218] Refactor root claim code.

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs |  8 +++++++-
 pallets/subtensor/src/swap/swap_coldkey.rs  |  2 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs   | 10 +++++-----
 3 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
index 5555275a37..a38e324b9d 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
@@ -130,7 +130,10 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         // Substract the root claimed.
         let owed: I96F32 = Self::get_root_owed_for_hotkey_coldkey_float(hotkey, coldkey, netuid);
 
-        if owed == 0 || owed < I96F32::saturating_from_num(DefaultMinRootClaimAmount::<T>::get()) {
+        if owed < I96F32::saturating_from_num(DefaultMinRootClaimAmount::<T>::get()) {
+            log::debug!(
+                "root claim on subnet {netuid} is skipped: {owed:?} for h={hotkey:?},c={coldkey:?} "
+            );
             return; // no-op
         }
 
@@ -142,6 +145,9 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         };
 
         if owed_u64 == 0 {
+            log::debug!(
+                "root claim on subnet {netuid} is skipped: {owed:?} for h={hotkey:?},c={coldkey:?}"
+            );
             return; // no-op
         }
 
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/swap/swap_coldkey.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/swap/swap_coldkey.rs
index f5901e0143..81f7ee3710 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/swap/swap_coldkey.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/swap/swap_coldkey.rs
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
 
                 // Register new coldkey with root stake
                 if new_alpha > U64F64::from(0u64) && netuid == NetUid::ROOT {
-                    Self::maybe_add_coldkey_index(&new_coldkey);
+                    Self::maybe_add_coldkey_index(new_coldkey);
                 }
             }
             // Add the weight for the read and write.
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
index 2d7c4b93ca..2cc9a665d9 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
@@ -908,12 +908,12 @@ fn test_populate_staking_maps() {
 
         assert_eq!(NumStakingColdkeys::<Test>::get(), 2);
 
-        assert!(StakingColdkeysByIndex::<Test>::contains_key(&0));
-        assert!(StakingColdkeysByIndex::<Test>::contains_key(&1));
+        assert!(StakingColdkeysByIndex::<Test>::contains_key(0));
+        assert!(StakingColdkeysByIndex::<Test>::contains_key(1));
 
-        assert!(StakingColdkeys::<Test>::contains_key(&coldkey1));
-        assert!(StakingColdkeys::<Test>::contains_key(&coldkey2));
-        assert!(!StakingColdkeys::<Test>::contains_key(&coldkey3));
+        assert!(StakingColdkeys::<Test>::contains_key(coldkey1));
+        assert!(StakingColdkeys::<Test>::contains_key(coldkey2));
+        assert!(!StakingColdkeys::<Test>::contains_key(coldkey3));
     });
 }
 

From d0b2dac26fa169f7ba2b785af338e3e83aef4b74 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 3 Oct 2025 17:26:52 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 068/218] Fix merge issues

---
 pallets/admin-utils/src/tests/mod.rs       | 1 -
 pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/root.rs     | 4 ++--
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs | 1 -
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/helpers.rs   | 2 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/uids.rs      | 1 -
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/networks.rs    | 6 ++----
 6 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/admin-utils/src/tests/mod.rs b/pallets/admin-utils/src/tests/mod.rs
index 4e534c3210..6c7e76b52d 100644
--- a/pallets/admin-utils/src/tests/mod.rs
+++ b/pallets/admin-utils/src/tests/mod.rs
@@ -2663,7 +2663,6 @@ fn test_trim_to_max_allowed_uids() {
             assert!(!AlphaDividendsPerSubnet::<Test>::contains_key(
                 netuid, hotkey
             ));
-            assert!(!TaoDividendsPerSubnet::<Test>::contains_key(netuid, hotkey));
             assert!(!Axons::<Test>::contains_key(netuid, hotkey));
             assert!(!NeuronCertificates::<Test>::contains_key(netuid, hotkey));
             assert!(!Prometheus::<Test>::contains_key(netuid, hotkey));
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/root.rs
index 6b09c9ed46..5ed8c979cf 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/root.rs
@@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         FirstEmissionBlockNumber::<T>::remove(netuid);
         PendingEmission::<T>::remove(netuid);
         PendingRootDivs::<T>::remove(netuid);
-        PendingAlphaSwapped::<T>::remove(netuid);
+        PendingRootAlphaDivs::<T>::remove(netuid);
         PendingOwnerCut::<T>::remove(netuid);
         BlocksSinceLastStep::<T>::remove(netuid);
         LastMechansimStepBlock::<T>::remove(netuid);
@@ -510,6 +510,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         RAORecycledForRegistration::<T>::remove(netuid);
         MaxRegistrationsPerBlock::<T>::remove(netuid);
         WeightsVersionKey::<T>::remove(netuid);
+        PendingRootAlphaDivs::<T>::remove(netuid);
 
         // --- 17. Subtoken / feature flags.
         LiquidAlphaOn::<T>::remove(netuid);
@@ -528,7 +529,6 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         let _ = NeuronCertificates::<T>::clear_prefix(netuid, u32::MAX, None);
         let _ = Prometheus::<T>::clear_prefix(netuid, u32::MAX, None);
         let _ = AlphaDividendsPerSubnet::<T>::clear_prefix(netuid, u32::MAX, None);
-        let _ = TaoDividendsPerSubnet::<T>::clear_prefix(netuid, u32::MAX, None);
         let _ = PendingChildKeys::<T>::clear_prefix(netuid, u32::MAX, None);
         let _ = AssociatedEvmAddress::<T>::clear_prefix(netuid, u32::MAX, None);
 
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
index b7ebd0500a..a9d55300e1 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
@@ -2387,7 +2387,6 @@ mod dispatches {
             Self::do_dissolve_network(netuid)
         }
 
-
         /// --- Claims the root emissions for a coldkey.
         /// # Args:
         /// * 'origin': (<T as frame_system::Config>Origin):
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/helpers.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/helpers.rs
index d9101bc40c..ecd2251ac2 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/helpers.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/helpers.rs
@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
 
             AlphaMapLastKey::<T>::put(new_starting_key);
         }
-	}
+    }
 
     pub fn burn_subnet_alpha(_netuid: NetUid, _amount: AlphaCurrency) {
         // Do nothing; TODO: record burned alpha in a tracker
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/uids.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/uids.rs
index 9d303cc979..669f74bccc 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/uids.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/uids.rs
@@ -200,7 +200,6 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                         IsNetworkMember::<T>::remove(&hotkey, netuid);
                         LastHotkeyEmissionOnNetuid::<T>::remove(&hotkey, netuid);
                         AlphaDividendsPerSubnet::<T>::remove(netuid, &hotkey);
-                        TaoDividendsPerSubnet::<T>::remove(netuid, &hotkey);
                         Axons::<T>::remove(netuid, &hotkey);
                         NeuronCertificates::<T>::remove(netuid, &hotkey);
                         Prometheus::<T>::remove(netuid, &hotkey);
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/networks.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/networks.rs
index 42de84f54f..39b246ad8c 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/networks.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/networks.rs
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ fn dissolve_clears_all_per_subnet_storages() {
         NetworkPowRegistrationAllowed::<Test>::insert(net, true);
         PendingEmission::<Test>::insert(net, AlphaCurrency::from(1));
         PendingRootDivs::<Test>::insert(net, TaoCurrency::from(1));
-        PendingAlphaSwapped::<Test>::insert(net, AlphaCurrency::from(1));
+        PendingRootAlphaDivs::<Test>::insert(net, AlphaCurrency::from(1));
         PendingOwnerCut::<Test>::insert(net, AlphaCurrency::from(1));
         BlocksSinceLastStep::<Test>::insert(net, 1u64);
         LastMechansimStepBlock::<Test>::insert(net, 1u64);
@@ -405,7 +405,6 @@ fn dissolve_clears_all_per_subnet_storages() {
 
         // Per‑subnet dividends
         AlphaDividendsPerSubnet::<Test>::insert(net, owner_hot, AlphaCurrency::from(1));
-        TaoDividendsPerSubnet::<Test>::insert(net, owner_hot, TaoCurrency::from(1));
 
         // Parent/child topology + takes
         ChildkeyTake::<Test>::insert(owner_hot, net, 1u16);
@@ -515,7 +514,7 @@ fn dissolve_clears_all_per_subnet_storages() {
         assert!(!NetworkPowRegistrationAllowed::<Test>::contains_key(net));
         assert!(!PendingEmission::<Test>::contains_key(net));
         assert!(!PendingRootDivs::<Test>::contains_key(net));
-        assert!(!PendingAlphaSwapped::<Test>::contains_key(net));
+        assert!(!PendingRootAlphaDivs::<Test>::contains_key(net));
         assert!(!PendingOwnerCut::<Test>::contains_key(net));
         assert!(!BlocksSinceLastStep::<Test>::contains_key(net));
         assert!(!LastMechansimStepBlock::<Test>::contains_key(net));
@@ -565,7 +564,6 @@ fn dissolve_clears_all_per_subnet_storages() {
         assert!(!AlphaDividendsPerSubnet::<Test>::contains_key(
             net, owner_hot
         ));
-        assert!(!TaoDividendsPerSubnet::<Test>::contains_key(net, owner_hot));
 
         // Parent/child topology + takes
         assert!(!ChildkeyTake::<Test>::contains_key(owner_hot, net));

From 0f823563462cc75963e222338ff78c38a59ddc00 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 3 Oct 2025 18:02:56 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 069/218] Remove obsolete code

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs           | 18 ------------------
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/events.rs | 11 -----------
 2 files changed, 29 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
index 0d476fba7f..411a1bbe0e 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
@@ -359,14 +359,6 @@ pub mod pallet {
         RootClaimTypeEnum::default()
     }
 
-    #[pallet::type_value]
-    /// Default root claim frequency.
-    /// This is the frequency of root claims for a coldkey.
-    /// This is set by the user. Either auto or manual.
-    pub fn DefaultRootClaimFrequency<T: Config>() -> RootClaimFrequencyEnum {
-        RootClaimFrequencyEnum::default()
-    }
-
     #[pallet::type_value]
     /// Default number of root claims per claim call.
     /// Ideally this is calculated using the number of staking coldkey
@@ -1929,16 +1921,6 @@ pub mod pallet {
         ValueQuery,
         DefaultRootClaimType<T>,
     >;
-    #[pallet::storage] // -- MAP ( cold ) --> root_claim_frequency enum
-    pub type RootClaimFrequency<T: Config> = StorageMap<
-        _,
-        Blake2_128Concat,
-        T::AccountId,
-        RootClaimFrequencyEnum,
-        ValueQuery,
-        DefaultRootClaimFrequency<T>,
-    >;
-
     #[pallet::storage] // --- MAP ( u64 ) --> coldkey | Maps coldkeys that have stake to an index
     pub type StakingColdkeysByIndex<T: Config> =
         StorageMap<_, Identity, u64, T::AccountId, OptionQuery>;
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/events.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/events.rs
index 282105662b..442a363ae6 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/events.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/events.rs
@@ -475,16 +475,5 @@ mod events {
             /// Claim type
             root_claim_type: RootClaimTypeEnum,
         },
-
-        /// Root claim frequency for a coldkey has been set.
-        /// Parameters:
-        /// (coldkey, u8)
-        RootClaimFrequencySet {
-            /// Claim coldkey
-            coldkey: T::AccountId,
-
-            /// Claim type
-            root_claim_type: RootClaimTypeEnum,
-        },
     }
 }

From 239df822a90fcbfd6fa479aa2a02bc7eb8fe79a0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 3 Oct 2025 18:08:53 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 070/218] Fix typo

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
index 2cc9a665d9..f455046ff1 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
@@ -780,7 +780,7 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_run_coinbase() {
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn test_claim_root_bloch_hash_indices() {
+fn test_claim_root_block_hash_indices() {
     new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
         let k = 15u64;
         let n = 15000u64;

From 3da7e9ce565a7659de6e93ff82e8f1e8602bc9c1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aliaksandr Tsurko <ales@opentensor.dev>
Date: Fri, 3 Oct 2025 14:28:25 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 071/218] Fix new swap's API integration issues

---
 pallets/admin-utils/src/tests/mock.rs         |   2 +
 .../subtensor/src/coinbase/block_emission.rs  |   4 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/root.rs        |   6 +-
 .../subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs    |  10 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/config.rs        |  13 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/rpc_info/stake_info.rs  |   4 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/add_stake.rs    |   6 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/helpers.rs      |  19 ++-
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/move_stake.rs   |  11 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/remove_stake.rs |  18 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/stake_utils.rs  |  30 ++--
 pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/leasing.rs      |   4 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/registration.rs |  12 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/subnet.rs       |   5 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/children.rs       |   4 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs       |  10 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch.rs          |  14 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mock.rs           |  37 ++--
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/move_stake.rs     |  67 ++++----
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/networks.rs       |  66 ++++----
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/senate.rs         |   8 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/staking.rs        | 159 ++++++++++--------
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/staking2.rs       |  84 ++++++---
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_coldkey.rs   |   2 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_hotkey.rs    |   2 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/weights.rs        |   6 +-
 pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs             |  42 +++--
 pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs              |  53 ++++--
 pallets/transaction-fee/src/lib.rs            |   2 +-
 pallets/transaction-fee/src/tests/mock.rs     |  18 +-
 precompiles/src/alpha.rs                      |  39 ++---
 runtime/src/lib.rs                            |  12 +-
 32 files changed, 424 insertions(+), 345 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/admin-utils/src/tests/mock.rs b/pallets/admin-utils/src/tests/mock.rs
index 8c708adc9e..66e55533d4 100644
--- a/pallets/admin-utils/src/tests/mock.rs
+++ b/pallets/admin-utils/src/tests/mock.rs
@@ -344,6 +344,8 @@ impl pallet_subtensor_swap::Config for Test {
     type SubnetInfo = SubtensorModule;
     type BalanceOps = SubtensorModule;
     type ProtocolId = SwapProtocolId;
+    type TaoReserve = pallet_subtensor::TaoCurrencyReserve<Self>;
+    type AlphaReserve = pallet_subtensor::AlphaCurrencyReserve<Self>;
     type MaxFeeRate = SwapMaxFeeRate;
     type MaxPositions = SwapMaxPositions;
     type MinimumLiquidity = SwapMinimumLiquidity;
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/block_emission.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/block_emission.rs
index 5c56b70c36..064bab4d2a 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/block_emission.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/block_emission.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use substrate_fixed::{
     types::{I96F32, U96F32},
 };
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{NetUid, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapExt;
+use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
 
 impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     /// Calculates the dynamic TAO emission for a given subnet.
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         let float_alpha_block_emission: U96F32 = U96F32::saturating_from_num(alpha_block_emission);
 
         // Get alpha price for subnet.
-        let alpha_price = T::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
+        let alpha_price = T::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
         log::debug!("{netuid:?} - alpha_price: {alpha_price:?}");
 
         // Get initial alpha_in
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/root.rs
index 1353fe0f42..6b09c9ed46 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/root.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use safe_math::*;
 use sp_core::Get;
 use substrate_fixed::types::{I64F64, U96F32};
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, NetUid, NetUidStorageIndex, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapExt;
+use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
 
 impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     /// Fetches the total count of root network validators
@@ -373,9 +373,9 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         );
 
         // 2. --- Perform the cleanup before removing the network.
-        T::SwapExt::dissolve_all_liquidity_providers(netuid)?;
+        T::SwapInterface::dissolve_all_liquidity_providers(netuid)?;
         Self::destroy_alpha_in_out_stakes(netuid)?;
-        T::SwapExt::clear_protocol_liquidity(netuid)?;
+        T::SwapInterface::clear_protocol_liquidity(netuid)?;
         T::CommitmentsInterface::purge_netuid(netuid);
 
         // 3. --- Remove the network
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs
index f5e57da63b..79c63ad34f 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use alloc::collections::BTreeMap;
 use safe_math::*;
 use substrate_fixed::types::U96F32;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapExt;
+use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
 
 // Distribute dividends to each hotkey
 macro_rules! asfloat {
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         // Only calculate for subnets that we are emitting to.
         for netuid_i in subnets_to_emit_to.iter() {
             // Get subnet price.
-            let price_i = T::SwapExt::current_alpha_price((*netuid_i).into());
+            let price_i = T::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price((*netuid_i).into());
             log::debug!("price_i: {price_i:?}");
             // Get subnet TAO.
             let moving_price_i: U96F32 = Self::get_moving_alpha_price(*netuid_i);
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                 let buy_swap_result = Self::swap_tao_for_alpha(
                     *netuid_i,
                     tou64!(difference_tao).into(),
-                    T::SwapExt::max_price(),
+                    T::SwapInterface::max_price(),
                     true,
                 );
                 if let Ok(buy_swap_result_ok) = buy_swap_result {
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                 *total = total.saturating_add(tao_in_i.into());
             });
             // Adjust protocol liquidity based on new reserves
-            T::SwapExt::adjust_protocol_liquidity(*netuid_i, tao_in_i, alpha_in_i);
+            T::SwapInterface::adjust_protocol_liquidity(*netuid_i, tao_in_i, alpha_in_i);
         }
 
         // --- 5. Compute owner cuts and remove them from alpha_out remaining.
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                 let swap_result = Self::swap_alpha_for_tao(
                     *netuid_i,
                     tou64!(root_alpha).into(),
-                    T::SwapExt::min_price(),
+                    T::SwapInterface::min_price(),
                     true,
                 );
                 if let Ok(ok_result) = swap_result {
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/config.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/config.rs
index f6aeb6450c..433599749f 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/config.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/config.rs
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ use frame_support::pallet_macros::pallet_section;
 #[pallet_section]
 mod config {
 
-    use crate::CommitmentsInterface;
+    use crate::{CommitmentsInterface, GetAlphaForTao, GetTaoForAlpha};
     use pallet_commitments::GetCommitments;
-    use subtensor_swap_interface::{Order as OrderT, SwapEngine, SwapExt};
+    use subtensor_swap_interface::{SwapEngine, SwapHandler};
 
     /// Configure the pallet by specifying the parameters and types on which it depends.
     #[pallet::config]
@@ -54,11 +54,10 @@ mod config {
         /// the preimage to store the call data.
         type Preimages: QueryPreimage<H = Self::Hashing> + StorePreimage;
 
-        /// Implementor of `SwapExt` interface from `subtensor_swap_interface`
-        type SwapExt: SwapExt;
-
-        /// Implementor of `SwapEngine` interface from `subtensor_swap_interface`
-        type SwapEngine<Order: OrderT>: SwapEngine<Order>;
+        /// Implementor of `SwapHandler` interface from `subtensor_swap_interface`
+        type SwapInterface: SwapHandler
+            + SwapEngine<GetAlphaForTao<Self>>
+            + SwapEngine<GetTaoForAlpha<Self>>;
 
         /// Interface to allow interacting with the proxy pallet.
         type ProxyInterface: crate::ProxyInterface<Self::AccountId>;
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/rpc_info/stake_info.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/rpc_info/stake_info.rs
index 0844a33db7..13789292da 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/rpc_info/stake_info.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/rpc_info/stake_info.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ extern crate alloc;
 use codec::Compact;
 use frame_support::pallet_prelude::{Decode, Encode};
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapExt;
+use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
 
 use super::*;
 
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             0_u64
         } else {
             let netuid = destination.or(origin).map(|v| v.1).unwrap_or_default();
-            T::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(netuid.into(), TaoCurrency::from(amount)).to_u64()
+            T::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(netuid.into(), TaoCurrency::from(amount)).to_u64()
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/add_stake.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/add_stake.rs
index 0b1916c210..f8cbf02358 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/add_stake.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/add_stake.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use substrate_fixed::types::I96F32;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{NetUid, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::{Order, SwapEngine, SwapExt};
+use subtensor_swap_interface::{Order, SwapHandler};
 
 use super::*;
 
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             &coldkey,
             netuid,
             tao_staked.saturating_to_num::<u64>().into(),
-            T::SwapExt::max_price(),
+            T::SwapInterface::max_price(),
             true,
             false,
         )?;
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
 
         // Use reverting swap to estimate max limit amount
         let order = GetAlphaForTao::<T>::with_amount(u64::MAX);
-        let result = T::SwapEngine::swap(netuid.into(), order, limit_price, false, true)
+        let result = T::SwapInterface::swap(netuid.into(), order, limit_price, false, true)
             .map(|r| r.amount_paid_in.saturating_add(r.fee_paid))
             .map_err(|_| Error::ZeroMaxStakeAmount)?;
 
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/helpers.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/helpers.rs
index 5d66aca7c3..cae9579f33 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/helpers.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/helpers.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use frame_support::traits::{
 use safe_math::*;
 use substrate_fixed::types::U96F32;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{NetUid, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::{Order, SwapEngine, SwapExt};
+use subtensor_swap_interface::{Order, SwapHandler};
 
 use super::*;
 
@@ -51,8 +51,9 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                 let alpha = U96F32::saturating_from_num(Self::get_stake_for_hotkey_on_subnet(
                     hotkey, netuid,
                 ));
-                let alpha_price =
-                    U96F32::saturating_from_num(T::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into()));
+                let alpha_price = U96F32::saturating_from_num(
+                    T::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into()),
+                );
                 alpha.saturating_mul(alpha_price)
             })
             .sum::<U96F32>()
@@ -73,10 +74,12 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                             hotkey, coldkey, netuid,
                         );
                         let order = GetTaoForAlpha::<T>::with_amount(alpha_stake);
-                        T::SwapEngine::sim_swap(netuid.into(), order)
+                        T::SwapInterface::sim_swap(netuid.into(), order)
                             .map(|r| {
                                 let fee: u64 = U96F32::saturating_from_num(r.fee_paid)
-                                    .saturating_mul(T::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into()))
+                                    .saturating_mul(T::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(
+                                        netuid.into(),
+                                    ))
                                     .saturating_to_num();
                                 r.amount_paid_out.to_u64().saturating_add(fee)
                             })
@@ -184,7 +187,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                 Self::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(hotkey, coldkey, netuid);
             let min_alpha_stake =
                 U96F32::saturating_from_num(Self::get_nominator_min_required_stake())
-                    .safe_div(T::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid))
+                    .safe_div(T::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid))
                     .saturating_to_num::<u64>();
             if alpha_stake > 0.into() && alpha_stake < min_alpha_stake.into() {
                 // Log the clearing of a small nomination
@@ -196,7 +199,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                     coldkey,
                     netuid,
                     alpha_stake,
-                    T::SwapExt::min_price(),
+                    T::SwapInterface::min_price(),
                     false,
                 );
 
@@ -313,7 +316,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     }
 
     pub fn is_user_liquidity_enabled(netuid: NetUid) -> bool {
-        T::SwapExt::is_user_liquidity_enabled(netuid)
+        T::SwapInterface::is_user_liquidity_enabled(netuid)
     }
 
     pub fn recycle_subnet_alpha(netuid: NetUid, amount: AlphaCurrency) {
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/move_stake.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/move_stake.rs
index d5b694012c..768430b03a 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/move_stake.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/move_stake.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use safe_math::*;
 use sp_core::Get;
 use substrate_fixed::types::U64F64;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapExt;
+use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
 
 impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     /// Moves stake from one hotkey to another across subnets.
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                 origin_coldkey,
                 origin_netuid,
                 move_amount,
-                T::SwapExt::min_price(),
+                T::SwapInterface::min_price(),
                 drop_fee_origin,
             )?;
 
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                     destination_coldkey,
                     destination_netuid,
                     tao_unstaked,
-                    T::SwapExt::max_price(),
+                    T::SwapInterface::max_price(),
                     set_limit,
                     drop_fee_destination,
                 )?;
@@ -499,8 +499,9 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         let limit_price_float: U64F64 = U64F64::saturating_from_num(limit_price)
             .checked_div(U64F64::saturating_from_num(1_000_000_000))
             .unwrap_or(U64F64::saturating_from_num(0));
-        let current_price = T::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(origin_netuid.into())
-            .safe_div(T::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(destination_netuid.into()));
+        let current_price = T::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(origin_netuid.into()).safe_div(
+            T::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(destination_netuid.into()),
+        );
         if limit_price_float > current_price {
             return Err(Error::ZeroMaxStakeAmount);
         }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/remove_stake.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/remove_stake.rs
index d0a635534b..ea0ccbb752 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/remove_stake.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/remove_stake.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
-use subtensor_swap_interface::{SwapEngine, SwapExt};
-
 use super::*;
 use substrate_fixed::types::U96F32;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::Order;
+use subtensor_swap_interface::{Order, SwapHandler};
 
 impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     /// ---- The implementation for the extrinsic remove_stake: Removes stake from a hotkey account and adds it onto a coldkey.
@@ -74,7 +72,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             &coldkey,
             netuid,
             alpha_unstaked,
-            T::SwapExt::min_price(),
+            T::SwapInterface::min_price(),
             false,
         )?;
 
@@ -169,7 +167,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                     &coldkey,
                     netuid,
                     alpha_unstaked,
-                    T::SwapExt::min_price(),
+                    T::SwapInterface::min_price(),
                     false,
                 )?;
 
@@ -262,7 +260,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                         &coldkey,
                         netuid,
                         alpha_unstaked,
-                        T::SwapExt::min_price(),
+                        T::SwapInterface::min_price(),
                         false,
                     )?;
 
@@ -281,7 +279,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             &coldkey,
             NetUid::ROOT,
             total_tao_unstaked,
-            T::SwapExt::max_price(),
+            T::SwapInterface::max_price(),
             false, // no limit for Root subnet
             false,
         )?;
@@ -407,7 +405,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
 
         // Use reverting swap to estimate max limit amount
         let order = GetTaoForAlpha::<T>::with_amount(u64::MAX);
-        let result = T::SwapEngine::swap(netuid.into(), order, limit_price.into(), false, true)
+        let result = T::SwapInterface::swap(netuid.into(), order, limit_price.into(), false, true)
             .map(|r| r.amount_paid_in.saturating_add(r.fee_paid))
             .map_err(|_| Error::ZeroMaxStakeAmount)?;
 
@@ -465,13 +463,13 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
 
         let owner_emission_tao: TaoCurrency = if owner_alpha_u64 > 0 {
             let order = GetTaoForAlpha::<T>::with_amount(owner_alpha_u64);
-            match T::SwapEngine::sim_swap(netuid.into(), order) {
+            match T::SwapInterface::sim_swap(netuid.into(), order) {
                 Ok(sim) => sim.amount_paid_out,
                 Err(e) => {
                     log::debug!(
                         "destroy_alpha_in_out_stakes: sim_swap owner α→τ failed (netuid={netuid:?}, alpha={owner_alpha_u64}, err={e:?}); falling back to price multiply.",
                     );
-                    let cur_price: U96F32 = T::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
+                    let cur_price: U96F32 = T::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
                     let val_u64: u64 = U96F32::from_num(owner_alpha_u64)
                         .saturating_mul(cur_price)
                         .floor()
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/stake_utils.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/stake_utils.rs
index 58671d6c62..7910449e23 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/stake_utils.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/stake_utils.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use share_pool::{SharePool, SharePoolDataOperations};
 use sp_std::ops::Neg;
 use substrate_fixed::types::{I64F64, I96F32, U64F64, U96F32};
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::{Order, SwapEngine, SwapExt, SwapResult};
+use subtensor_swap_interface::{Order, SwapHandler, SwapResult};
 
 impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     /// Retrieves the total alpha issuance for a given subnet.
@@ -58,7 +58,8 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         // We can use unsigned type here: U96F32
         let one_minus_alpha: U96F32 = U96F32::saturating_from_num(1.0).saturating_sub(alpha);
         let current_price: U96F32 = alpha.saturating_mul(
-            T::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into()).min(U96F32::saturating_from_num(1.0)),
+            T::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into())
+                .min(U96F32::saturating_from_num(1.0)),
         );
         let current_moving: U96F32 =
             one_minus_alpha.saturating_mul(Self::get_moving_alpha_price(netuid));
@@ -583,7 +584,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         let mechanism_id: u16 = SubnetMechanism::<T>::get(netuid);
         let swap_result = if mechanism_id == 1 {
             let order = GetAlphaForTao::<T>::with_amount(tao);
-            T::SwapEngine::swap(netuid.into(), order, price_limit.into(), drop_fees, false)?
+            T::SwapInterface::swap(netuid.into(), order, price_limit.into(), drop_fees, false)?
         } else {
             // Step 3.b.1: Stable mechanism, just return the value 1:1
             SwapResult {
@@ -593,7 +594,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             }
         };
 
-        let alpha_decrease = swap_result.paid_out_reserve_delta_i64().unsigned_abs() as u64;
+        let alpha_decrease = swap_result.paid_out_reserve_delta_i64().unsigned_abs();
 
         // Decrease Alpha reserves.
         Self::decrease_provided_alpha_reserve(netuid.into(), alpha_decrease.into());
@@ -607,7 +608,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         // (SubnetTAO + SubnetTaoProvided) in tao_reserve(), so it is irrelevant
         // which one to increase.
         SubnetTAO::<T>::mutate(netuid, |total| {
-            let delta = swap_result.paid_in_reserve_delta_i64().unsigned_abs() as u64;
+            let delta = swap_result.paid_in_reserve_delta_i64().unsigned_abs();
             *total = total.saturating_add(delta.into());
         });
 
@@ -636,7 +637,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         // Step 2: Swap alpha and attain tao
         let swap_result = if mechanism_id == 1 {
             let order = GetTaoForAlpha::<T>::with_amount(alpha);
-            T::SwapEngine::swap(netuid.into(), order, price_limit.into(), drop_fees, false)?
+            T::SwapInterface::swap(netuid.into(), order, price_limit.into(), drop_fees, false)?
         } else {
             // Step 3.b.1: Stable mechanism, just return the value 1:1
             SwapResult {
@@ -649,7 +650,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         // Increase only the protocol Alpha reserve. We only use the sum of
         // (SubnetAlphaIn + SubnetAlphaInProvided) in alpha_reserve(), so it is irrelevant
         // which one to increase.
-        let alpha_delta = swap_result.paid_in_reserve_delta_i64().unsigned_abs() as u64;
+        let alpha_delta = swap_result.paid_in_reserve_delta_i64().unsigned_abs();
         SubnetAlphaIn::<T>::mutate(netuid, |total| {
             *total = total.saturating_add(alpha_delta.into());
         });
@@ -661,7 +662,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         });
 
         // Decrease tao reserves.
-        let tao_delta = swap_result.paid_out_reserve_delta_i64().unsigned_abs() as u64;
+        let tao_delta = swap_result.paid_out_reserve_delta_i64().unsigned_abs();
         Self::decrease_provided_tao_reserve(netuid.into(), tao_delta.into());
 
         // Reduce total TAO reserves.
@@ -847,7 +848,8 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
 
         // Calculate TAO equivalent based on current price (it is accurate because
         // there's no slippage in this move)
-        let current_price = <T as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
+        let current_price =
+            <T as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
         let tao_equivalent: TaoCurrency = current_price
             .saturating_mul(U96F32::saturating_from_num(actual_alpha_moved))
             .saturating_to_num::<u64>()
@@ -921,9 +923,9 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         let min_stake = DefaultMinStake::<T>::get();
         let min_amount = {
             let order = GetAlphaForTao::<T>::with_amount(min_stake);
-            let fee = T::SwapEngine::sim_swap(netuid.into(), order)
+            let fee = T::SwapInterface::sim_swap(netuid.into(), order)
                 .map(|res| res.fee_paid)
-                .unwrap_or(T::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(
+                .unwrap_or(T::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(
                     netuid.into(),
                     min_stake.into(),
                 ));
@@ -954,7 +956,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         );
 
         let order = GetAlphaForTao::<T>::with_amount(stake_to_be_added);
-        let swap_result = T::SwapEngine::sim_swap(netuid.into(), order)
+        let swap_result = T::SwapInterface::sim_swap(netuid.into(), order)
             .map_err(|_| Error::<T>::InsufficientLiquidity)?;
 
         // Check that actual withdrawn TAO amount is not lower than the minimum stake
@@ -1005,7 +1007,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         let remaining_alpha_stake =
             Self::calculate_reduced_stake_on_subnet(hotkey, coldkey, netuid, alpha_unstaked)?;
         let order = GetTaoForAlpha::<T>::with_amount(alpha_unstaked);
-        match T::SwapEngine::sim_swap(netuid.into(), order) {
+        match T::SwapInterface::sim_swap(netuid.into(), order) {
             Ok(res) => {
                 if !remaining_alpha_stake.is_zero() {
                     ensure!(
@@ -1143,7 +1145,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         if origin_netuid != destination_netuid {
             // Ensure that the stake amount to be removed is above the minimum in tao equivalent.
             let order = GetTaoForAlpha::<T>::with_amount(alpha_amount);
-            let tao_equivalent = T::SwapEngine::sim_swap(origin_netuid.into(), order)
+            let tao_equivalent = T::SwapInterface::sim_swap(origin_netuid.into(), order)
                 .map(|res| res.amount_paid_out)
                 .map_err(|_| Error::<T>::InsufficientLiquidity)?;
             ensure!(
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/leasing.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/leasing.rs
index 930b9453b6..a33c32e4ef 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/leasing.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/leasing.rs
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ use sp_core::blake2_256;
 use sp_runtime::{Percent, traits::TrailingZeroInput};
 use substrate_fixed::types::U64F64;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapExt;
+use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
 
 pub type LeaseId = u32;
 
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             &lease.coldkey,
             lease.netuid,
             total_contributors_cut_alpha,
-            T::SwapExt::min_price(),
+            T::SwapInterface::min_price(),
             false,
         ) {
             Ok(tao_unstaked) => tao_unstaked,
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/registration.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/registration.rs
index 59ded2d028..5a2ffc77d2 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/registration.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/registration.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use sp_core::{H256, U256};
 use sp_io::hashing::{keccak_256, sha2_256};
 use sp_runtime::Saturating;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{Currency, NetUid};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapExt;
+use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
 use system::pallet_prelude::BlockNumberFor;
 
 const LOG_TARGET: &str = "runtime::subtensor::registration";
@@ -133,9 +133,13 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             Self::remove_balance_from_coldkey_account(&coldkey, registration_cost.into())?;
 
         // Tokens are swapped and then burned.
-        let burned_alpha =
-            Self::swap_tao_for_alpha(netuid, actual_burn_amount, T::SwapExt::max_price(), false)?
-                .amount_paid_out;
+        let burned_alpha = Self::swap_tao_for_alpha(
+            netuid,
+            actual_burn_amount,
+            T::SwapInterface::max_price(),
+            false,
+        )?
+        .amount_paid_out;
         SubnetAlphaOut::<T>::mutate(netuid, |total| {
             *total = total.saturating_sub(burned_alpha.into())
         });
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/subnet.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/subnet.rs
index 5d6a9c968e..7676e0c557 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/subnet.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/subnet.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 use super::*;
 use sp_core::Get;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{NetUid, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapExt;
-
+use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
 impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     /// Returns true if the subnetwork exists.
     ///
@@ -248,7 +247,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             Self::deposit_event(Event::SubnetIdentitySet(netuid_to_register));
         }
 
-        T::SwapExt::toggle_user_liquidity(netuid_to_register, true);
+        T::SwapInterface::toggle_user_liquidity(netuid_to_register, true);
         // --- 18. Emit the NetworkAdded event.
         log::info!("NetworkAdded( netuid:{netuid_to_register:?}, mechanism:{mechid:?} )");
         Self::deposit_event(Event::NetworkAdded(netuid_to_register, mechid));
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/children.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/children.rs
index 582a9f7246..285788d158 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/children.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/children.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use approx::assert_abs_diff_eq;
 use frame_support::{assert_err, assert_noop, assert_ok};
 use substrate_fixed::types::{I64F64, I96F32, U96F32};
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, NetUidStorageIndex, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::{SwapEngine, SwapExt};
+use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
 
 use crate::{utils::rate_limiting::TransactionType, *};
 use sp_core::U256;
@@ -3007,7 +3007,7 @@ fn test_parent_child_chain_emission() {
             SubtensorModule::swap_tao_for_alpha(
                 netuid,
                 total_tao.to_num::<u64>().into(),
-                <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
+                <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price(),
                 false,
             )
             .unwrap()
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs
index 90d037b024..2345b82b7e 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use pallet_subtensor_swap::position::PositionId;
 use sp_core::U256;
 use substrate_fixed::types::{I64F64, I96F32, U96F32};
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, NetUidStorageIndex};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::{SwapEngine, SwapExt};
+use subtensor_swap_interface::{SwapEngine, SwapHandler};
 
 #[allow(clippy::arithmetic_side_effects)]
 fn close(value: u64, target: u64, eps: u64) {
@@ -488,8 +488,8 @@ fn test_coinbase_alpha_issuance_with_cap_trigger_and_block_emission() {
         .unwrap();
 
         // Get the prices before the run_coinbase
-        let price_1_before = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid1);
-        let price_2_before = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid2);
+        let price_1_before = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid1);
+        let price_2_before = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid2);
 
         // Set issuance at 21M
         SubnetAlphaOut::<Test>::insert(netuid1, AlphaCurrency::from(21_000_000_000_000_000)); // Set issuance above 21M
@@ -499,8 +499,8 @@ fn test_coinbase_alpha_issuance_with_cap_trigger_and_block_emission() {
         SubtensorModule::run_coinbase(U96F32::from_num(emission));
 
         // Get the prices after the run_coinbase
-        let price_1_after = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid1);
-        let price_2_after = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid2);
+        let price_1_after = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid1);
+        let price_2_after = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid2);
 
         // AlphaIn gets decreased beacuse of a buy
         assert!(u64::from(SubnetAlphaIn::<Test>::get(netuid1)) < initial_alpha);
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch.rs
index 7f7faf78eb..4d8108ac29 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use rand::{Rng, SeedableRng, distributions::Uniform, rngs::StdRng, seq::SliceRan
 use sp_core::{Get, U256};
 use substrate_fixed::types::I32F32;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, NetUidStorageIndex, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::{SwapEngine, SwapExt};
+use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
 
 use super::mock::*;
 use crate::epoch::math::{fixed, u16_proportion_to_fixed};
@@ -1322,15 +1322,15 @@ fn test_set_alpha_disabled() {
         migrations::migrate_create_root_network::migrate_create_root_network::<Test>();
         SubtensorModule::add_balance_to_coldkey_account(&coldkey, 1_000_000_000_000_000);
         assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::root_register(signer.clone(), hotkey,));
-        let fee = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(
+        let fee = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(
             netuid.into(),
-            DefaultMinStake::<Test>::get().into(),
+            DefaultMinStake::<Test>::get(),
         );
         assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::add_stake(
             signer.clone(),
             hotkey,
             netuid,
-            (5 * DefaultMinStake::<Test>::get().to_u64() + fee).into()
+            TaoCurrency::from(5) * DefaultMinStake::<Test>::get() + fee
         ));
         // Only owner can set alpha values
         assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::register_network(signer.clone(), hotkey));
@@ -2292,16 +2292,16 @@ fn test_get_set_alpha() {
         assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::register_network(signer.clone(), hotkey));
         SubtokenEnabled::<Test>::insert(netuid, true);
 
-        let fee = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(
+        let fee = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(
             netuid.into(),
-            DefaultMinStake::<Test>::get().into(),
+            DefaultMinStake::<Test>::get(),
         );
 
         assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::add_stake(
             signer.clone(),
             hotkey,
             netuid,
-            (DefaultMinStake::<Test>::get().to_u64() + fee * 2).into()
+            DefaultMinStake::<Test>::get() + fee * 2.into()
         ));
 
         assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::do_set_alpha_values(
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mock.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mock.rs
index e38e2a86bb..1f4b93205d 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mock.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mock.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ use sp_runtime::{
 };
 use sp_std::{cell::RefCell, cmp::Ordering};
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{NetUid, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::{Order as OrderT, SwapEngine, SwapExt};
+use subtensor_swap_interface::{Order, SwapHandler};
 
 type Block = frame_system::mocking::MockBlock<Test>;
 
@@ -457,8 +457,7 @@ impl crate::Config for Test {
     type InitialTaoWeight = InitialTaoWeight;
     type InitialEmaPriceHalvingPeriod = InitialEmaPriceHalvingPeriod;
     type DurationOfStartCall = DurationOfStartCall;
-    type SwapExt = Swap;
-    type SwapEngine<O: OrderT> = Swap<O>;
+    type SwapInterface = pallet_subtensor_swap::Pallet<Self>;
     type KeySwapOnSubnetCost = InitialKeySwapOnSubnetCost;
     type HotkeySwapOnSubnetInterval = HotkeySwapOnSubnetInterval;
     type ProxyInterface = FakeProxier;
@@ -483,6 +482,8 @@ impl pallet_subtensor_swap::Config for Test {
     type SubnetInfo = SubtensorModule;
     type BalanceOps = SubtensorModule;
     type ProtocolId = SwapProtocolId;
+    type TaoReserve = TaoCurrencyReserve<Self>;
+    type AlphaReserve = AlphaCurrencyReserve<Self>;
     type MaxFeeRate = SwapMaxFeeRate;
     type MaxPositions = SwapMaxPositions;
     type MinimumLiquidity = SwapMinimumLiquidity;
@@ -981,7 +982,7 @@ pub fn increase_stake_on_coldkey_hotkey_account(
         coldkey,
         netuid,
         tao_staked,
-        <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
+        <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price(),
         false,
         false,
     )
@@ -1017,11 +1018,11 @@ pub(crate) fn swap_tao_to_alpha(netuid: NetUid, tao: TaoCurrency) -> (AlphaCurre
         return (tao.to_u64().into(), 0);
     }
 
-    let result = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapEngine::swap(
+    let order = GetAlphaForTao::<Test>::with_amount(tao);
+    let result = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::swap(
         netuid.into(),
-        OrderType::Buy,
-        tao.into(),
-        <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::max_price(),
+        order,
+        <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::max_price(),
         false,
         true,
     );
@@ -1031,9 +1032,9 @@ pub(crate) fn swap_tao_to_alpha(netuid: NetUid, tao: TaoCurrency) -> (AlphaCurre
     let result = result.unwrap();
 
     // we don't want to have silent 0 comparissons in tests
-    assert!(result.amount_paid_out > 0);
+    assert!(result.amount_paid_out > AlphaCurrency::ZERO);
 
-    (result.amount_paid_out.into(), result.fee_paid)
+    (result.amount_paid_out, result.fee_paid.into())
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn swap_alpha_to_tao_ext(
@@ -1046,15 +1047,15 @@ pub(crate) fn swap_alpha_to_tao_ext(
     }
 
     println!(
-        "<Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::min_price() = {:?}",
-        <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::min_price()
+        "<Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::min_price() = {:?}",
+        <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::min_price::<TaoCurrency>()
     );
 
-    let result = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapEngine::swap(
+    let order = GetTaoForAlpha::<Test>::with_amount(alpha);
+    let result = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::swap(
         netuid.into(),
-        OrderType::Sell,
-        alpha.into(),
-        <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::min_price(),
+        order,
+        <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::min_price(),
         drop_fees,
         true,
     );
@@ -1064,9 +1065,9 @@ pub(crate) fn swap_alpha_to_tao_ext(
     let result = result.unwrap();
 
     // we don't want to have silent 0 comparissons in tests
-    assert!(result.amount_paid_out > 0);
+    assert!(!result.amount_paid_out.is_zero());
 
-    (result.amount_paid_out.into(), result.fee_paid)
+    (result.amount_paid_out, result.fee_paid.into())
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn swap_alpha_to_tao(netuid: NetUid, alpha: AlphaCurrency) -> (TaoCurrency, u64) {
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/move_stake.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/move_stake.rs
index 54d142b9c5..dfd9927da4 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/move_stake.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/move_stake.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use frame_support::{assert_err, assert_noop, assert_ok};
 use sp_core::{Get, U256};
 use substrate_fixed::types::{U64F64, U96F32};
 use subtensor_runtime_common::TaoCurrency;
-use subtensor_swap_interface::{SwapEngine, SwapExt};
+use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
 
 use super::mock;
 use super::mock::*;
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ fn test_do_move_success() {
             &coldkey,
             netuid.into(),
             stake_amount,
-            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ fn test_do_move_different_subnets() {
             &coldkey,
             origin_netuid,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -141,14 +141,14 @@ fn test_do_move_different_subnets() {
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO
         );
         let fee =
-            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(destination_netuid.into(), alpha.into());
+            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(destination_netuid.into(), alpha);
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(
             SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
                 &destination_hotkey,
                 &coldkey,
                 destination_netuid
             ),
-            alpha - fee.into(),
+            alpha - fee,
             epsilon = alpha / 1000.into()
         );
     });
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ fn test_do_move_nonexistent_subnet() {
             &coldkey,
             origin_netuid,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ fn test_do_move_nonexistent_destination_hotkey() {
             &coldkey,
             netuid,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ fn test_do_move_partial_stake() {
                     &coldkey,
                     netuid,
                     total_stake.into(),
-                    <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
+                    <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price(),
                     false,
                     false,
                 )
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ fn test_do_move_multiple_times() {
             &coldkey,
             netuid,
             initial_stake.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ fn test_do_move_wrong_origin() {
             &coldkey,
             netuid,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ fn test_do_move_same_hotkey_fails() {
             &coldkey,
             netuid,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ fn test_do_move_event_emission() {
             &coldkey,
             netuid,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -619,7 +619,8 @@ fn test_do_move_event_emission() {
 
         // Move stake and capture events
         System::reset_events();
-        let current_price = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
+        let current_price =
+            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
         let tao_equivalent = (current_price * U96F32::from_num(alpha)).to_num::<u64>(); // no fee conversion
         assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::do_move_stake(
             RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),
@@ -666,7 +667,7 @@ fn test_do_move_storage_updates() {
             &coldkey,
             origin_netuid,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -733,7 +734,7 @@ fn test_move_full_amount_same_netuid() {
             &coldkey,
             netuid,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -801,7 +802,7 @@ fn test_do_move_max_values() {
             &coldkey,
             netuid,
             max_stake.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -907,7 +908,7 @@ fn test_do_transfer_success() {
             &origin_coldkey,
             netuid,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -1016,7 +1017,7 @@ fn test_do_transfer_insufficient_stake() {
             &origin_coldkey,
             netuid,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -1057,7 +1058,7 @@ fn test_do_transfer_wrong_origin() {
             &origin_coldkey,
             netuid,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -1095,7 +1096,7 @@ fn test_do_transfer_minimum_stake_check() {
             &origin_coldkey,
             netuid,
             stake_amount,
-            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -1143,7 +1144,7 @@ fn test_do_transfer_different_subnets() {
             &origin_coldkey,
             origin_netuid,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -1209,7 +1210,7 @@ fn test_do_swap_success() {
             &coldkey,
             origin_netuid,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -1317,7 +1318,7 @@ fn test_do_swap_insufficient_stake() {
             &coldkey,
             netuid1,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -1352,7 +1353,7 @@ fn test_do_swap_wrong_origin() {
             &real_coldkey,
             netuid1,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -1390,7 +1391,7 @@ fn test_do_swap_minimum_stake_check() {
             &coldkey,
             netuid1,
             total_stake,
-            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -1426,7 +1427,7 @@ fn test_do_swap_same_subnet() {
             &coldkey,
             netuid,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -1471,7 +1472,7 @@ fn test_do_swap_partial_stake() {
             &coldkey,
             origin_netuid,
             total_stake_tao.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -1523,7 +1524,7 @@ fn test_do_swap_storage_updates() {
             &coldkey,
             origin_netuid,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -1583,7 +1584,7 @@ fn test_do_swap_multiple_times() {
             &coldkey,
             netuid1,
             initial_stake.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -1654,7 +1655,7 @@ fn test_do_swap_allows_non_owned_hotkey() {
             &coldkey,
             origin_netuid,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -1802,7 +1803,7 @@ fn test_transfer_stake_rate_limited() {
             &origin_coldkey,
             netuid,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price(),
             true,
             false,
         )
@@ -1847,7 +1848,7 @@ fn test_transfer_stake_doesnt_limit_destination_coldkey() {
             &origin_coldkey,
             netuid,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -1893,7 +1894,7 @@ fn test_swap_stake_limits_destination_netuid() {
             &origin_coldkey,
             netuid,
             stake_amount.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price(),
             false,
             false,
         )
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/networks.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/networks.rs
index d3ff811683..9fb6b0c70b 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/networks.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/networks.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use sp_core::U256;
 use sp_std::collections::btree_map::BTreeMap;
 use substrate_fixed::types::{I96F32, U64F64, U96F32};
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{NetUidStorageIndex, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::{SwapEngine, SwapExt};
+use subtensor_swap_interface::{Order, SwapHandler};
 
 #[test]
 fn test_registration_ok() {
@@ -225,7 +225,8 @@ fn dissolve_owner_cut_refund_logic() {
             .saturating_to_num::<u64>();
 
         // Current α→τ price for this subnet.
-        let price: U96F32 = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(net.into());
+        let price: U96F32 =
+            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(net.into());
         let owner_emission_tao_u64: u64 = U96F32::from_num(owner_alpha_u64)
             .saturating_mul(price)
             .floor()
@@ -781,11 +782,11 @@ fn destroy_alpha_out_many_stakers_complex_distribution() {
         // Runtime-exact min amount = min_stake + fee
         let min_amount = {
             let min_stake = DefaultMinStake::<Test>::get();
-            let fee = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(
+            let fee = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(
                 netuid.into(),
-                min_stake.into(),
+                min_stake,
             );
-            min_stake.saturating_add(fee.into())
+            min_stake.saturating_add(fee)
         };
 
         const N: usize = 20;
@@ -868,23 +869,22 @@ fn destroy_alpha_out_many_stakers_complex_distribution() {
             .floor()
             .saturating_to_num::<u64>();
 
-        let owner_emission_tao_u64: u64 = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapEngine::sim_swap(
-            netuid.into(),
-            OrderType::Sell,
-            owner_alpha_u64,
-        )
-        .map(|res| res.amount_paid_out)
-        .unwrap_or_else(|_| {
-            // Fallback matches the pallet's fallback
-            let price: U96F32 =
-                <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
-            U96F32::from_num(owner_alpha_u64)
-                .saturating_mul(price)
-                .floor()
-                .saturating_to_num::<u64>()
-        });
-
-        let expected_refund: u64 = lock.saturating_sub(owner_emission_tao_u64);
+        let order = GetTaoForAlpha::<Test>::with_amount(owner_alpha_u64);
+        let owner_emission_tao =
+            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::sim_swap(netuid.into(), order)
+                .map(|res| res.amount_paid_out)
+                .unwrap_or_else(|_| {
+                    // Fallback matches the pallet's fallback
+                    let price: U96F32 =
+                        <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
+                    U96F32::from_num(owner_alpha_u64)
+                        .saturating_mul(price)
+                        .floor()
+                        .saturating_to_num::<u64>()
+                        .into()
+                });
+
+        let expected_refund = lock.saturating_sub(owner_emission_tao.to_u64());
 
         // ── 6) run distribution (credits τ to coldkeys, wipes α state) ─────
         assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::destroy_alpha_in_out_stakes(netuid));
@@ -1978,19 +1978,17 @@ fn massive_dissolve_refund_and_reregistration_flow_is_lossless_and_cleans_state(
         pallet_subtensor_swap::AlphaSqrtPrice::<Test>::set(net_new, sqrt1);
 
         // Compute the exact min stake per the pallet rule: DefaultMinStake + fee(DefaultMinStake).
-        let min_stake_u64: u64 = DefaultMinStake::<Test>::get().into();
-        let fee_for_min: u64 = pallet_subtensor_swap::Pallet::<Test>::sim_swap(
+        let min_stake = DefaultMinStake::<Test>::get();
+		let order = GetAlphaForTao::<Test>::with_amount(min_stake);
+        let fee_for_min = pallet_subtensor_swap::Pallet::<Test>::sim_swap(
             net_new,
-            subtensor_swap_interface::OrderType::Buy,
-            min_stake_u64,
+			order,
         )
         .map(|r| r.fee_paid)
         .unwrap_or_else(|_e| {
-            <pallet_subtensor_swap::Pallet<Test> as subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler<
-                <Test as frame_system::Config>::AccountId,
-            >>::approx_fee_amount(net_new, min_stake_u64)
+            <pallet_subtensor_swap::Pallet<Test> as subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler>::approx_fee_amount(net_new, min_stake)
         });
-        let min_amount_required: u64 = min_stake_u64.saturating_add(fee_for_min);
+        let min_amount_required = min_stake.saturating_add(fee_for_min).to_u64();
 
         // Re‑stake from three coldkeys; choose a specific DISTINCT hotkey per cold.
         for &cold in &cold_lps[0..3] {
@@ -2001,10 +1999,10 @@ fn massive_dissolve_refund_and_reregistration_flow_is_lossless_and_cleans_state(
             let a_prev: u64 = Alpha::<Test>::get((hot1, cold, net_new)).saturating_to_num();
 
             // Expected α for this exact τ, using the same sim path as the pallet.
-            let expected_alpha_out: u64 = pallet_subtensor_swap::Pallet::<Test>::sim_swap(
+			let order = GetAlphaForTao::<Test>::with_amount(min_amount_required);
+            let expected_alpha_out = pallet_subtensor_swap::Pallet::<Test>::sim_swap(
                 net_new,
-                subtensor_swap_interface::OrderType::Buy,
-                min_amount_required,
+				order,
             )
             .map(|r| r.amount_paid_out)
             .expect("sim_swap must succeed for fresh net and min amount");
@@ -2029,7 +2027,7 @@ fn massive_dissolve_refund_and_reregistration_flow_is_lossless_and_cleans_state(
 
             // α minted equals the simulated swap’s net out for that same τ.
             assert_eq!(
-                a_delta, expected_alpha_out,
+                a_delta, expected_alpha_out.to_u64(),
                 "α minted mismatch for cold {cold:?} (hot {hot1:?}) on new net (αΔ {a_delta}, expected {expected_alpha_out})"
             );
         }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/senate.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/senate.rs
index 390a54932c..8ad093d0ae 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/senate.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/senate.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ use sp_runtime::{
     traits::{BlakeTwo256, Hash},
 };
 use subtensor_runtime_common::TaoCurrency;
-use subtensor_swap_interface::{SwapEngine, SwapExt};
+use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
 
 use super::mock;
 use super::mock::*;
@@ -723,10 +723,10 @@ fn test_adjust_senate_events() {
 
         let max_senate_size: u16 = SenateMaxMembers::get() as u16;
         let stake_threshold = {
-            let default_stake = DefaultMinStake::<Test>::get().to_u64();
+            let default_stake = DefaultMinStake::<Test>::get();
             let fee =
-                <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(netuid, default_stake.into());
-            default_stake + fee
+                <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(netuid, default_stake);
+            (default_stake + fee).to_u64()
         };
 
         // We will be registering MaxMembers hotkeys and two more to try a replace
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/staking.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/staking.rs
index 714ac3da0f..2f142b104d 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/staking.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/staking.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use substrate_fixed::types::{I96F32, I110F18, U64F64, U96F32};
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{
     AlphaCurrency, Currency as CurrencyT, NetUid, NetUidStorageIndex, TaoCurrency,
 };
-use subtensor_swap_interface::{SwapEngine, SwapExt};
+use subtensor_swap_interface::{Order, SwapHandler};
 
 use super::mock;
 use super::mock::*;
@@ -84,12 +84,14 @@ fn test_add_stake_ok_no_emission() {
         ));
 
         let (tao_expected, _) = mock::swap_alpha_to_tao(netuid, alpha_staked);
-        let approx_fee =
-            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(netuid.into(), amount);
+        let approx_fee = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(
+            netuid.into(),
+            TaoCurrency::from(amount),
+        );
 
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(
             SubtensorModule::get_total_stake_for_hotkey(&hotkey_account_id),
-            tao_expected + approx_fee.into(), // swap returns value after fee, so we need to compensate it
+            tao_expected + approx_fee, // swap returns value after fee, so we need to compensate it
             epsilon = 10000.into(),
         );
 
@@ -581,7 +583,8 @@ fn test_add_stake_partial_below_min_stake_fails() {
         .unwrap();
 
         // Get the current price (should be 1.0)
-        let current_price = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
+        let current_price =
+            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
         assert_eq!(current_price.to_num::<f64>(), 1.0);
 
         // Set limit price close to 1.0 so that we hit the limit on adding and the amount is lower than min stake
@@ -601,7 +604,7 @@ fn test_add_stake_partial_below_min_stake_fails() {
         );
 
         let new_current_price =
-            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
+            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
         assert_eq!(new_current_price.to_num::<f64>(), 1.0);
     });
 }
@@ -714,7 +717,7 @@ fn test_remove_stake_total_balance_no_change() {
 
         // Add subnet TAO for the equivalent amount added at price
         let amount_tao = U96F32::saturating_from_num(amount)
-            * <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
+            * <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
         SubnetTAO::<Test>::mutate(netuid, |v| {
             *v += amount_tao.saturating_to_num::<u64>().into()
         });
@@ -728,7 +731,11 @@ fn test_remove_stake_total_balance_no_change() {
             amount.into()
         ));
 
-        let fee = <Test as Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(netuid.into(), amount);
+        let fee = <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(
+            netuid.into(),
+            TaoCurrency::from(amount),
+        )
+        .to_u64();
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(
             SubtensorModule::get_coldkey_balance(&coldkey_account_id),
             amount - fee,
@@ -863,7 +870,7 @@ fn test_remove_stake_insufficient_liquidity() {
             &coldkey,
             netuid,
             amount_staked.into(),
-            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
+            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price(),
             false,
             false,
         )
@@ -2171,7 +2178,8 @@ fn test_get_total_delegated_stake_after_unstaking() {
             netuid,
             unstake_amount_alpha.into()
         ));
-        let current_price = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
+        let current_price =
+            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
 
         // Calculate the expected delegated stake
         let unstake_amount =
@@ -2874,7 +2882,7 @@ fn test_max_amount_add_dynamic() {
             if !alpha_in.is_zero() {
                 let expected_price = U96F32::from_num(tao_in) / U96F32::from_num(alpha_in);
                 assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-                    <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into())
+                    <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into())
                         .to_num::<f64>(),
                     expected_price.to_num::<f64>(),
                     epsilon = expected_price.to_num::<f64>() / 1_000_f64
@@ -3089,7 +3097,7 @@ fn test_max_amount_remove_dynamic() {
                 if !alpha_in.is_zero() {
                     let expected_price = I96F32::from_num(tao_in) / I96F32::from_num(alpha_in);
                     assert_eq!(
-                        <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into()),
+                        <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into()),
                         expected_price
                     );
                 }
@@ -3260,7 +3268,7 @@ fn test_max_amount_move_stable_dynamic() {
         SubnetTAO::<Test>::insert(dynamic_netuid, tao_reserve);
         SubnetAlphaIn::<Test>::insert(dynamic_netuid, alpha_in);
         let current_price =
-            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(dynamic_netuid.into());
+            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(dynamic_netuid.into());
         assert_eq!(current_price, U96F32::from_num(0.5));
 
         // The tests below just mimic the add_stake_limit tests for reverted price
@@ -3360,7 +3368,7 @@ fn test_max_amount_move_dynamic_stable() {
         SubnetTAO::<Test>::insert(dynamic_netuid, tao_reserve);
         SubnetAlphaIn::<Test>::insert(dynamic_netuid, alpha_in);
         let current_price =
-            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(dynamic_netuid.into());
+            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(dynamic_netuid.into());
         assert_eq!(current_price, U96F32::from_num(1.5));
 
         // The tests below just mimic the remove_stake_limit tests
@@ -3665,9 +3673,9 @@ fn test_max_amount_move_dynamic_dynamic() {
                     if dest_price != 0 {
                         let expected_price = origin_price / dest_price;
                         assert_eq!(
-                            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(
+                            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(
                                 origin_netuid.into()
-                            ) / <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(
+                            ) / <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(
                                 destination_netuid.into()
                             ),
                             expected_price
@@ -3704,7 +3712,8 @@ fn test_add_stake_limit_ok() {
         let tao_reserve = TaoCurrency::from(150_000_000_000);
         let alpha_in = AlphaCurrency::from(100_000_000_000);
         mock::setup_reserves(netuid, tao_reserve, alpha_in);
-        let current_price = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
+        let current_price =
+            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
         assert_eq!(current_price, U96F32::from_num(1.5));
 
         // Give it some $$$ in his coldkey balance
@@ -3738,10 +3747,11 @@ fn test_add_stake_limit_ok() {
         );
 
         // Check that 450 TAO less fees balance still remains free on coldkey
-        let fee = <tests::mock::Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(
+        let fee = <tests::mock::Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(
             netuid.into(),
-            amount / 2,
-        ) as f64;
+            TaoCurrency::from(amount / 2),
+        )
+        .to_u64() as f64;
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(
             SubtensorModule::get_coldkey_balance(&coldkey_account_id),
             amount / 2 - fee as u64,
@@ -3750,7 +3760,8 @@ fn test_add_stake_limit_ok() {
 
         // Check that price has updated to ~24 = (150+450) / (100 - 75)
         let exp_price = U96F32::from_num(24.0);
-        let current_price = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
+        let current_price =
+            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(
             exp_price.to_num::<f64>(),
             current_price.to_num::<f64>(),
@@ -3774,7 +3785,8 @@ fn test_add_stake_limit_fill_or_kill() {
         let alpha_in = AlphaCurrency::from(100_000_000_000);
         SubnetTAO::<Test>::insert(netuid, tao_reserve);
         SubnetAlphaIn::<Test>::insert(netuid, alpha_in);
-        let current_price = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
+        let current_price =
+            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
         // FIXME it's failing because in the swap pallet, the alpha price is set only after an
         // initial swap
         assert_eq!(current_price, U96F32::from_num(1.5));
@@ -3880,7 +3892,8 @@ fn test_remove_stake_limit_ok() {
         );
 
         // Setup limit price to 99% of current price
-        let current_price = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
+        let current_price =
+            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
         let limit_price = (current_price.to_num::<f64>() * 990_000_000_f64) as u64;
 
         // Alpha unstaked - calculated using formula from delta_in()
@@ -3936,7 +3949,8 @@ fn test_remove_stake_limit_fill_or_kill() {
         let alpha_in = AlphaCurrency::from(100_000_000_000);
         SubnetTAO::<Test>::insert(netuid, tao_reserve);
         SubnetAlphaIn::<Test>::insert(netuid, alpha_in);
-        let current_price = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
+        let current_price =
+            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
         assert_eq!(current_price, U96F32::from_num(1.5));
 
         // Setup limit price so that it doesn't drop by more than 10% from current price
@@ -4019,18 +4033,16 @@ fn test_add_stake_specific_stake_into_subnet_fail() {
         );
 
         // Add stake as new hotkey
-        let expected_alpha = AlphaCurrency::from(
-            <Test as Config>::SwapEngine::swap(
-                netuid.into(),
-                OrderType::Buy,
-                tao_staked.into(),
-                <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price(),
-                false,
-                true,
-            )
-            .map(|v| v.amount_paid_out)
-            .unwrap_or_default(),
-        );
+        let order = GetAlphaForTao::<Test>::with_amount(tao_staked);
+        let expected_alpha = <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::swap(
+            netuid.into(),
+            order,
+            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price(),
+            false,
+            true,
+        )
+        .map(|v| v.amount_paid_out)
+        .unwrap_or_default();
         assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::add_stake(
             RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey_account_id),
             hotkey_account_id,
@@ -4213,7 +4225,7 @@ fn test_move_stake_limit_partial() {
         SubnetTAO::<Test>::insert(destination_netuid, tao_reserve * 100_000.into());
         SubnetAlphaIn::<Test>::insert(destination_netuid, alpha_in * 100_000.into());
         let current_price =
-            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(origin_netuid.into());
+            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(origin_netuid.into());
         assert_eq!(current_price, U96F32::from_num(1.5));
 
         // The relative price between origin and destination subnets is 1.
@@ -4456,14 +4468,15 @@ fn test_stake_into_subnet_ok() {
         let alpha_in = AlphaCurrency::from(1_000_000_000_000);
         mock::setup_reserves(netuid, tao_reserve, alpha_in);
         let current_price =
-            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into()).to_num::<f64>();
+            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into())
+                .to_num::<f64>();
 
         // Initialize swap v3
-        assert_ok!(<tests::mock::Test as pallet::Config>::SwapEngine::swap(
+        let order = GetAlphaForTao::<Test>::with_amount(0);
+        assert_ok!(<tests::mock::Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::swap(
             netuid.into(),
-            OrderType::Buy,
-            0,
-            u64::MAX,
+            order,
+            TaoCurrency::MAX,
             false,
             true
         ));
@@ -4509,14 +4522,15 @@ fn test_stake_into_subnet_low_amount() {
         let alpha_in = AlphaCurrency::from(1_000_000_000_000);
         mock::setup_reserves(netuid, tao_reserve, alpha_in);
         let current_price =
-            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into()).to_num::<f64>();
+            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into())
+                .to_num::<f64>();
 
         // Initialize swap v3
-        assert_ok!(<tests::mock::Test as pallet::Config>::SwapEngine::swap(
+        let order = GetAlphaForTao::<Test>::with_amount(0);
+        assert_ok!(<tests::mock::Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::swap(
             netuid.into(),
-            OrderType::Buy,
-            0,
-            u64::MAX,
+            order,
+            TaoCurrency::MAX,
             false,
             true
         ));
@@ -4560,11 +4574,11 @@ fn test_unstake_from_subnet_low_amount() {
         mock::setup_reserves(netuid, tao_reserve, alpha_in);
 
         // Initialize swap v3
-        assert_ok!(<tests::mock::Test as pallet::Config>::SwapEngine::swap(
+        let order = GetAlphaForTao::<Test>::with_amount(0);
+        assert_ok!(<tests::mock::Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::swap(
             netuid.into(),
-            OrderType::Buy,
-            0,
-            u64::MAX,
+            order,
+            TaoCurrency::MAX,
             false,
             true
         ));
@@ -4618,11 +4632,11 @@ fn test_stake_into_subnet_prohibitive_limit() {
         mock::setup_reserves(netuid, tao_reserve, alpha_in);
 
         // Initialize swap v3
-        assert_ok!(<tests::mock::Test as pallet::Config>::SwapEngine::swap(
+        let order = GetAlphaForTao::<Test>::with_amount(0);
+        assert_ok!(<tests::mock::Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::swap(
             netuid.into(),
-            OrderType::Buy,
-            0,
-            u64::MAX,
+            order,
+            TaoCurrency::MAX,
             false,
             true
         ));
@@ -4674,11 +4688,11 @@ fn test_unstake_from_subnet_prohibitive_limit() {
         mock::setup_reserves(netuid, tao_reserve, alpha_in);
 
         // Initialize swap v3
-        assert_ok!(<tests::mock::Test as pallet::Config>::SwapEngine::swap(
+        let order = GetAlphaForTao::<Test>::with_amount(0);
+        assert_ok!(<tests::mock::Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::swap(
             netuid.into(),
-            OrderType::Buy,
-            0,
-            u64::MAX,
+            order,
+            TaoCurrency::MAX,
             false,
             true
         ));
@@ -4750,11 +4764,11 @@ fn test_unstake_full_amount() {
         mock::setup_reserves(netuid, tao_reserve, alpha_in);
 
         // Initialize swap v3
-        assert_ok!(<tests::mock::Test as pallet::Config>::SwapEngine::swap(
+        let order = GetAlphaForTao::<Test>::with_amount(0);
+        assert_ok!(<tests::mock::Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::swap(
             netuid.into(),
-            OrderType::Buy,
-            0,
-            u64::MAX,
+            order,
+            TaoCurrency::MAX,
             false,
             true
         ));
@@ -4875,15 +4889,16 @@ fn test_swap_fees_tao_correctness() {
 
         // Add owner coldkey Alpha as concentrated liquidity
         // between current price current price + 0.01
-        let current_price = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into())
-            .to_num::<f64>()
-            + 0.0001;
+        let current_price =
+            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into())
+                .to_num::<f64>()
+                + 0.0001;
         let limit_price = current_price + 0.01;
         let tick_low = price_to_tick(current_price);
         let tick_high = price_to_tick(limit_price);
         let liquidity = amount;
 
-        assert_ok!(<Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::do_add_liquidity(
+        assert_ok!(<Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::do_add_liquidity(
             netuid.into(),
             &owner_coldkey,
             &owner_hotkey,
@@ -5135,7 +5150,7 @@ fn test_default_min_stake_sufficiency() {
         let alpha_in = AlphaCurrency::from(21_000_000_000_000_000);
         mock::setup_reserves(netuid, tao_reserve, alpha_in);
         let current_price_before =
-            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
+            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
 
         // Stake and unstake
         assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::add_stake(
@@ -5146,7 +5161,7 @@ fn test_default_min_stake_sufficiency() {
         ));
         let fee_stake = (fee_rate * amount as f64) as u64;
         let current_price_after_stake =
-            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
+            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
         remove_stake_rate_limit_for_tests(&owner_hotkey, &coldkey, netuid);
         let user_alpha = SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
             &owner_hotkey,
@@ -5161,7 +5176,7 @@ fn test_default_min_stake_sufficiency() {
         ));
         let fee_unstake = (fee_rate * user_alpha.to_u64() as f64) as u64;
         let current_price_after_unstake =
-            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
+            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
 
         assert!(fee_stake > 0);
         assert!(fee_unstake > 0);
@@ -5205,7 +5220,7 @@ fn test_update_position_fees() {
             // Add owner coldkey Alpha as concentrated liquidity
             // between current price current price + 0.01
             let current_price =
-                <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::current_alpha_price(netuid.into())
+                <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into())
                     .to_num::<f64>()
                     + 0.0001;
             let limit_price = current_price + 0.001;
@@ -5213,7 +5228,7 @@ fn test_update_position_fees() {
             let tick_high = price_to_tick(limit_price);
             let liquidity = amount;
 
-            let (position_id, _, _) = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::do_add_liquidity(
+            let (position_id, _, _) = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::do_add_liquidity(
                 NetUid::from(netuid),
                 &owner_coldkey,
                 &owner_hotkey,
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/staking2.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/staking2.rs
index 250893fc13..7d6cc6ad3c 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/staking2.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/staking2.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use frame_support::{
 };
 use sp_core::U256;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::{SwapEngine, SwapExt};
+use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
 
 use super::mock;
 use super::mock::*;
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ fn test_stake_base_case() {
             SubtensorModule::swap_tao_for_alpha(
                 netuid,
                 tao_to_swap,
-                <Test as Config>::SwapExt::max_price().into(),
+                <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::max_price(),
                 false,
             )
             .unwrap()
@@ -698,8 +698,11 @@ fn test_stake_fee_api() {
             coldkey1,
             stake_amount,
         );
-        let dynamic_fee_0 =
-            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(netuid0.into(), stake_amount);
+        let dynamic_fee_0 = <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(
+            netuid0.into(),
+            TaoCurrency::from(stake_amount),
+        )
+        .to_u64();
         assert_eq!(stake_fee_0, dynamic_fee_0);
 
         // Test stake fee for remove on root
@@ -710,8 +713,11 @@ fn test_stake_fee_api() {
             coldkey1,
             stake_amount,
         );
-        let dynamic_fee_1 =
-            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(root_netuid.into(), stake_amount);
+        let dynamic_fee_1 = <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(
+            root_netuid.into(),
+            TaoCurrency::from(stake_amount),
+        )
+        .to_u64();
         assert_eq!(stake_fee_1, dynamic_fee_1);
 
         // Test stake fee for move from root to non-root
@@ -722,8 +728,11 @@ fn test_stake_fee_api() {
             coldkey1,
             stake_amount,
         );
-        let dynamic_fee_2 =
-            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(netuid0.into(), stake_amount);
+        let dynamic_fee_2 = <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(
+            netuid0.into(),
+            TaoCurrency::from(stake_amount),
+        )
+        .to_u64();
         assert_eq!(stake_fee_2, dynamic_fee_2);
 
         // Test stake fee for move between hotkeys on root
@@ -734,8 +743,11 @@ fn test_stake_fee_api() {
             coldkey1,
             stake_amount,
         );
-        let dynamic_fee_3 =
-            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(root_netuid.into(), stake_amount);
+        let dynamic_fee_3 = <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(
+            root_netuid.into(),
+            TaoCurrency::from(stake_amount),
+        )
+        .to_u64();
         assert_eq!(stake_fee_3, dynamic_fee_3);
 
         // Test stake fee for move between coldkeys on root
@@ -746,8 +758,11 @@ fn test_stake_fee_api() {
             coldkey2,
             stake_amount,
         );
-        let dynamic_fee_4 =
-            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(root_netuid.into(), stake_amount);
+        let dynamic_fee_4 = <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(
+            root_netuid.into(),
+            TaoCurrency::from(stake_amount),
+        )
+        .to_u64();
         assert_eq!(stake_fee_4, dynamic_fee_4);
 
         // Test stake fee for *swap* from non-root to root
@@ -758,8 +773,11 @@ fn test_stake_fee_api() {
             coldkey1,
             stake_amount,
         );
-        let dynamic_fee_5 =
-            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(root_netuid.into(), stake_amount);
+        let dynamic_fee_5 = <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(
+            root_netuid.into(),
+            TaoCurrency::from(stake_amount),
+        )
+        .to_u64();
         assert_eq!(stake_fee_5, dynamic_fee_5);
 
         // Test stake fee for move between hotkeys on non-root
@@ -770,8 +788,11 @@ fn test_stake_fee_api() {
             coldkey1,
             stake_amount,
         );
-        let dynamic_fee_6 =
-            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(netuid0.into(), stake_amount);
+        let dynamic_fee_6 = <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(
+            netuid0.into(),
+            TaoCurrency::from(stake_amount),
+        )
+        .to_u64();
         assert_eq!(stake_fee_6, dynamic_fee_6);
 
         // Test stake fee for move between coldkeys on non-root
@@ -782,8 +803,11 @@ fn test_stake_fee_api() {
             coldkey2,
             stake_amount,
         );
-        let dynamic_fee_7 =
-            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(netuid0.into(), stake_amount);
+        let dynamic_fee_7 = <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(
+            netuid0.into(),
+            TaoCurrency::from(stake_amount),
+        )
+        .to_u64();
         assert_eq!(stake_fee_7, dynamic_fee_7);
 
         // Test stake fee for *swap* from non-root to non-root
@@ -794,8 +818,11 @@ fn test_stake_fee_api() {
             coldkey1,
             stake_amount,
         );
-        let dynamic_fee_8 =
-            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(netuid1.into(), stake_amount);
+        let dynamic_fee_8 = <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(
+            netuid1.into(),
+            TaoCurrency::from(stake_amount),
+        )
+        .to_u64();
         assert_eq!(stake_fee_8, dynamic_fee_8);
     });
 }
@@ -817,9 +844,9 @@ fn test_stake_fee_calculation() {
         let total_hotkey_alpha = AlphaCurrency::from(100_000_000_000);
         let tao_in = TaoCurrency::from(100_000_000_000); // 100 TAO
         let reciprocal_price = 2; // 1 / price
-        let stake_amount = 100_000_000_000_u64;
+        let stake_amount = TaoCurrency::from(100_000_000_000);
 
-        let default_fee = 0; // FIXME: DefaultStakingFee is deprecated
+        let default_fee = TaoCurrency::ZERO; // FIXME: DefaultStakingFee is deprecated
 
         // Setup alpha out
         SubnetAlphaOut::<Test>::insert(netuid0, AlphaCurrency::from(100_000_000_000));
@@ -847,29 +874,32 @@ fn test_stake_fee_calculation() {
         // Test stake fee for add_stake
 
         // Default for adding stake
-        let stake_fee = <Test as Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(netuid0.into(), stake_amount);
+        let stake_fee =
+            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(netuid0.into(), stake_amount);
         assert_eq!(stake_fee, default_fee);
 
         // Test stake fee for remove on root
         let stake_fee =
-            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(root_netuid.into(), stake_amount); // Default for removing stake from root
+            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(root_netuid.into(), stake_amount); // Default for removing stake from root
         assert_eq!(stake_fee, default_fee);
 
         // Test stake fee for move from root to non-root
 
         // Default for moving stake from root to non-root
-        let stake_fee = <Test as Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(netuid0.into(), stake_amount);
+        let stake_fee =
+            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(netuid0.into(), stake_amount);
         assert_eq!(stake_fee, default_fee);
 
         // Test stake fee for move between hotkeys on root
         let stake_fee =
-            <Test as Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(root_netuid.into(), stake_amount); // Default for moving stake between hotkeys on root
+            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(root_netuid.into(), stake_amount); // Default for moving stake between hotkeys on root
         assert_eq!(stake_fee, default_fee);
 
         // Test stake fee for *swap* from non-root to non-root
 
         // Charged a dynamic fee
-        let stake_fee = <Test as Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(netuid1.into(), stake_amount);
+        let stake_fee =
+            <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(netuid1.into(), stake_amount);
         assert_ne!(stake_fee, default_fee);
     });
 }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_coldkey.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_coldkey.rs
index 08aec6cd32..b65bdfd0f8 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_coldkey.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_coldkey.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ use sp_runtime::traits::{DispatchInfoOf, TransactionExtension};
 use sp_runtime::{DispatchError, traits::TxBaseImplication};
 use substrate_fixed::types::U96F32;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, SubnetInfo, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::{SwapEngine, SwapExt};
+use subtensor_swap_interface::{SwapEngine, SwapHandler};
 
 use super::mock;
 use super::mock::*;
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_hotkey.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_hotkey.rs
index e47c4549ef..56ee243b8f 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_hotkey.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_hotkey.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use sp_core::{Get, H160, H256, U256};
 use sp_runtime::SaturatedConversion;
 use substrate_fixed::types::U64F64;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, NetUidStorageIndex, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::{SwapEngine, SwapExt};
+use subtensor_swap_interface::{SwapEngine, SwapHandler};
 
 use super::mock;
 use super::mock::*;
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/weights.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/weights.rs
index fa9df72775..db7a8ee8d4 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/weights.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/weights.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use sp_runtime::{
 use sp_std::collections::vec_deque::VecDeque;
 use substrate_fixed::types::I32F32;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{NetUidStorageIndex, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::{SwapEngine, SwapExt};
+use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
 use tle::{
     curves::drand::TinyBLS381,
     ibe::fullident::Identity,
@@ -282,12 +282,12 @@ fn test_set_weights_validate() {
 
         // Increase the stake and make it to be equal to the minimum threshold
         let fee =
-            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(netuid.into(), min_stake.into());
+            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(netuid.into(), min_stake);
         assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::do_add_stake(
             RuntimeOrigin::signed(hotkey),
             hotkey,
             netuid,
-            min_stake + fee.into()
+            min_stake + fee
         ));
         let min_stake_with_slippage = SubtensorModule::get_total_stake_for_hotkey(&hotkey);
 
diff --git a/pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs b/pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs
index d3ab99013d..ae7d375f97 100644
--- a/pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap-interface/src/lib.rs
@@ -10,29 +10,33 @@ pub use order::*;
 
 mod order;
 
-pub trait SwapEngine<OrderT: Order>: DefaultPriceLimit<OrderT::PaidIn, OrderT::PaidOut> {
+pub trait SwapEngine<O: Order>: DefaultPriceLimit<O::PaidIn, O::PaidOut> {
     fn swap(
         netuid: NetUid,
-        order: OrderT,
+        order: O,
         price_limit: TaoCurrency,
         drop_fees: bool,
         should_rollback: bool,
-    ) -> Result<SwapResult<OrderT::PaidIn, OrderT::PaidOut>, DispatchError>;
-    fn sim_swap(
-        netuid: NetUid,
-        order: OrderT,
-    ) -> Result<SwapResult<OrderT::PaidIn, OrderT::PaidOut>, DispatchError>;
+    ) -> Result<SwapResult<O::PaidIn, O::PaidOut>, DispatchError>;
 }
 
-pub trait DefaultPriceLimit<PaidIn, PaidOut>
-where
-    PaidIn: Currency,
-    PaidOut: Currency,
-{
-    fn default_price_limit<C: Currency>() -> C;
-}
+pub trait SwapHandler {
+    fn swap<O: Order>(
+        netuid: NetUid,
+        order: O,
+        price_limit: TaoCurrency,
+        drop_fees: bool,
+        should_rollback: bool,
+    ) -> Result<SwapResult<O::PaidIn, O::PaidOut>, DispatchError>
+    where
+        Self: SwapEngine<O>;
+    fn sim_swap<O: Order>(
+        netuid: NetUid,
+        order: O,
+    ) -> Result<SwapResult<O::PaidIn, O::PaidOut>, DispatchError>
+    where
+        Self: SwapEngine<O>;
 
-pub trait SwapExt {
     fn approx_fee_amount<T: Currency>(netuid: NetUid, amount: T) -> T;
     fn current_alpha_price(netuid: NetUid) -> U96F32;
     fn max_price<C: Currency>() -> C;
@@ -48,6 +52,14 @@ pub trait SwapExt {
     fn clear_protocol_liquidity(netuid: NetUid) -> DispatchResult;
 }
 
+pub trait DefaultPriceLimit<PaidIn, PaidOut>
+where
+    PaidIn: Currency,
+    PaidOut: Currency,
+{
+    fn default_price_limit<C: Currency>() -> C;
+}
+
 #[freeze_struct("d3d0b124fe5a97c8")]
 #[derive(Decode, Encode, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Debug, TypeInfo)]
 pub struct SwapResult<PaidIn, PaidOut>
diff --git a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs
index 0e49e82e56..a5237369ee 100644
--- a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use subtensor_runtime_common::{
     AlphaCurrency, BalanceOps, Currency, CurrencyReserve, NetUid, SubnetInfo, TaoCurrency,
 };
 use subtensor_swap_interface::{
-    DefaultPriceLimit, Order as OrderT, SwapEngine, SwapExt, SwapResult,
+    DefaultPriceLimit, Order as OrderT, SwapEngine, SwapHandler, SwapResult,
 };
 
 use super::pallet::*;
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     /// - `amount`: The amount of tokens to swap.
     /// - `limit_sqrt_price`: A price limit (expressed as a square root) to bound the swap.
     /// - `simulate`: If `true`, the function runs in simulation mode and does not persist any
-    /// changes.
+    ///   changes.
     ///
     /// # Returns
     /// Returns a [`Result`] with a [`SwapResult`] on success, or a [`DispatchError`] on failure.
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     /// When `simulate` is set to `true`, the function:
     /// 1. Executes all logic without persisting any state changes (i.e., performs a dry run).
     /// 2. Skips reserve checks — it may return an `amount_paid_out` greater than the available
-    ///       reserve.
+    ///    reserve.
     ///
     /// Use simulation mode to preview the outcome of a swap without modifying the blockchain state.
     pub(crate) fn do_swap<Order>(
@@ -981,25 +981,26 @@ impl<T: Config> DefaultPriceLimit<AlphaCurrency, TaoCurrency> for Pallet<T> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T: Config, Order> SwapEngine<Order> for Pallet<T>
+impl<T, O> SwapEngine<O> for Pallet<T>
 where
-    Order: OrderT,
-    Self: DefaultPriceLimit<Order::PaidIn, Order::PaidOut>,
-    BasicSwapStep<T, Order::PaidIn, Order::PaidOut>: SwapStep<T, Order::PaidIn, Order::PaidOut>,
+    T: Config,
+    O: OrderT,
+    BasicSwapStep<T, O::PaidIn, O::PaidOut>: SwapStep<T, O::PaidIn, O::PaidOut>,
+    Self: DefaultPriceLimit<O::PaidIn, O::PaidOut>,
 {
     fn swap(
         netuid: NetUid,
-        order: Order,
+        order: O,
         price_limit: TaoCurrency,
         drop_fees: bool,
         should_rollback: bool,
-    ) -> Result<SwapResult<Order::PaidIn, Order::PaidOut>, DispatchError> {
+    ) -> Result<SwapResult<O::PaidIn, O::PaidOut>, DispatchError> {
         let limit_sqrt_price = SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(price_limit.to_u64())
             .safe_div(SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(1_000_000_000))
             .checked_sqrt(SqrtPrice::saturating_from_num(0.0000000001))
             .ok_or(Error::<T>::PriceLimitExceeded)?;
 
-        Self::do_swap::<Order>(
+        Self::do_swap::<O>(
             NetUid::from(netuid),
             order,
             limit_sqrt_price,
@@ -1008,22 +1009,42 @@ where
         )
         .map_err(Into::into)
     }
+}
 
-    fn sim_swap(
+impl<T: Config> SwapHandler for Pallet<T> {
+    fn swap<O>(
         netuid: NetUid,
-        order: Order,
-    ) -> Result<SwapResult<Order::PaidIn, Order::PaidOut>, DispatchError> {
+        order: O,
+        price_limit: TaoCurrency,
+        drop_fees: bool,
+        should_rollback: bool,
+    ) -> Result<SwapResult<O::PaidIn, O::PaidOut>, DispatchError>
+    where
+        O: OrderT,
+        Self: SwapEngine<O>,
+    {
+        <Self as SwapEngine<O>>::swap(netuid, order, price_limit, drop_fees, should_rollback)
+    }
+
+    fn sim_swap<O>(
+        netuid: NetUid,
+        order: O,
+    ) -> Result<SwapResult<O::PaidIn, O::PaidOut>, DispatchError>
+    where
+        O: OrderT,
+        Self: SwapEngine<O>,
+    {
         match T::SubnetInfo::mechanism(netuid) {
             1 => {
                 let price_limit = Self::default_price_limit::<TaoCurrency>();
 
-                Self::swap(netuid, order, price_limit, false, true)
+                <Self as SwapEngine<O>>::swap(netuid, order, price_limit, false, true)
             }
             _ => {
                 let actual_amount = if T::SubnetInfo::exists(netuid) {
                     order.amount()
                 } else {
-                    Order::PaidIn::ZERO
+                    O::PaidIn::ZERO
                 };
                 Ok(SwapResult {
                     amount_paid_in: actual_amount,
@@ -1033,9 +1054,7 @@ where
             }
         }
     }
-}
 
-impl<T: Config> SwapExt for Pallet<T> {
     fn approx_fee_amount<C: Currency>(netuid: NetUid, amount: C) -> C {
         Self::calculate_fee_amount(netuid, amount, false)
     }
diff --git a/pallets/transaction-fee/src/lib.rs b/pallets/transaction-fee/src/lib.rs
index 2526ed6693..89326457f6 100644
--- a/pallets/transaction-fee/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/transaction-fee/src/lib.rs
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use sp_runtime::{
 use pallet_subtensor::Call as SubtensorCall;
 use pallet_transaction_payment::Config as PTPConfig;
 use pallet_transaction_payment::OnChargeTransaction;
-use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapExt;
+use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
 
 // Misc
 use core::marker::PhantomData;
diff --git a/pallets/transaction-fee/src/tests/mock.rs b/pallets/transaction-fee/src/tests/mock.rs
index b7b21c358b..220022a4d4 100644
--- a/pallets/transaction-fee/src/tests/mock.rs
+++ b/pallets/transaction-fee/src/tests/mock.rs
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ use sp_runtime::{
 };
 use sp_std::cmp::Ordering;
 use sp_weights::Weight;
-pub use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::{OrderType, SwapHandler};
+pub use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
+use subtensor_swap_interface::{Order, SwapHandler};
 
 use crate::SubtensorTxFeeHandler;
 use pallet_transaction_payment::{ConstFeeMultiplier, Multiplier};
@@ -409,6 +409,8 @@ impl pallet_subtensor_swap::Config for Test {
     type SubnetInfo = SubtensorModule;
     type BalanceOps = SubtensorModule;
     type ProtocolId = SwapProtocolId;
+    type TaoReserve = pallet_subtensor::TaoCurrencyReserve<Self>;
+    type AlphaReserve = pallet_subtensor::AlphaCurrencyReserve<Self>;
     type MaxFeeRate = SwapMaxFeeRate;
     type MaxPositions = SwapMaxPositions;
     type MinimumLiquidity = SwapMinimumLiquidity;
@@ -615,11 +617,11 @@ pub(crate) fn swap_alpha_to_tao_ext(
         return (alpha.into(), 0);
     }
 
-    let result = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapEngine::swap(
+    let order = GetTaoForAlpha::<Test>::with_amount(alpha);
+    let result = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::swap(
         netuid.into(),
-        OrderType::Sell,
-        alpha.into(),
-        <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapExt::min_price(),
+        order,
+        <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::min_price(),
         drop_fees,
         true,
     );
@@ -629,9 +631,9 @@ pub(crate) fn swap_alpha_to_tao_ext(
     let result = result.unwrap();
 
     // we don't want to have silent 0 comparissons in tests
-    assert!(result.amount_paid_out > 0);
+    assert!(!result.amount_paid_out.is_zero());
 
-    (result.amount_paid_out, result.fee_paid)
+    (result.amount_paid_out.to_u64(), result.fee_paid.to_u64())
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn swap_alpha_to_tao(netuid: NetUid, alpha: AlphaCurrency) -> (u64, u64) {
diff --git a/precompiles/src/alpha.rs b/precompiles/src/alpha.rs
index 29f7cab568..9dd0379f10 100644
--- a/precompiles/src/alpha.rs
+++ b/precompiles/src/alpha.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use sp_core::U256;
 use sp_std::vec::Vec;
 use substrate_fixed::types::U96F32;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{Currency, NetUid};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::{OrderType, SwapHandler};
+use subtensor_swap_interface::{Order, SwapHandler};
 
 use crate::PrecompileExt;
 
@@ -36,9 +36,7 @@ where
     #[precompile::view]
     fn get_alpha_price(_handle: &mut impl PrecompileHandle, netuid: u16) -> EvmResult<U256> {
         let price =
-            <pallet_subtensor_swap::Pallet<R> as SwapHandler<R::AccountId>>::current_alpha_price(
-                netuid.into(),
-            );
+            <pallet_subtensor_swap::Pallet<R> as SwapHandler>::current_alpha_price(netuid.into());
         let price: SubstrateBalance = price.saturating_to_num::<u64>().into();
         let price_eth = <R as pallet_evm::Config>::BalanceConverter::into_evm_balance(price)
             .map(|amount| amount.into_u256())
@@ -104,16 +102,13 @@ where
         netuid: u16,
         tao: u64,
     ) -> EvmResult<U256> {
+        let order = pallet_subtensor::GetAlphaForTao::<R>::with_amount(tao);
         let swap_result =
-            <pallet_subtensor_swap::Pallet<R> as SwapHandler<R::AccountId>>::sim_swap(
-                netuid.into(),
-                OrderType::Buy,
-                tao,
-            )
-            .map_err(|e| PrecompileFailure::Error {
-                exit_status: ExitError::Other(Into::<&'static str>::into(e).into()),
-            })?;
-        Ok(U256::from(swap_result.amount_paid_out))
+            <pallet_subtensor_swap::Pallet<R> as SwapHandler>::sim_swap(netuid.into(), order)
+                .map_err(|e| PrecompileFailure::Error {
+                    exit_status: ExitError::Other(Into::<&'static str>::into(e).into()),
+                })?;
+        Ok(U256::from(swap_result.amount_paid_out.to_u64()))
     }
 
     #[precompile::public("simSwapAlphaForTao(uint16,uint64)")]
@@ -123,16 +118,13 @@ where
         netuid: u16,
         alpha: u64,
     ) -> EvmResult<U256> {
+        let order = pallet_subtensor::GetTaoForAlpha::<R>::with_amount(alpha);
         let swap_result =
-            <pallet_subtensor_swap::Pallet<R> as SwapHandler<R::AccountId>>::sim_swap(
-                netuid.into(),
-                OrderType::Sell,
-                alpha,
-            )
-            .map_err(|e| PrecompileFailure::Error {
-                exit_status: ExitError::Other(Into::<&'static str>::into(e).into()),
-            })?;
-        Ok(U256::from(swap_result.amount_paid_out))
+            <pallet_subtensor_swap::Pallet<R> as SwapHandler>::sim_swap(netuid.into(), order)
+                .map_err(|e| PrecompileFailure::Error {
+                    exit_status: ExitError::Other(Into::<&'static str>::into(e).into()),
+                })?;
+        Ok(U256::from(swap_result.amount_paid_out.to_u64()))
     }
 
     #[precompile::public("getSubnetMechanism(uint16)")]
@@ -201,8 +193,7 @@ where
 
         let mut sum_alpha_price: U96F32 = U96F32::from_num(0);
         for (netuid, _) in netuids {
-            let price =
-            <pallet_subtensor_swap::Pallet<R> as SwapHandler<R::AccountId>>::current_alpha_price(
+            let price = <pallet_subtensor_swap::Pallet<R> as SwapHandler>::current_alpha_price(
                 netuid.into(),
             );
 
diff --git a/runtime/src/lib.rs b/runtime/src/lib.rs
index e597728a60..4421136648 100644
--- a/runtime/src/lib.rs
+++ b/runtime/src/lib.rs
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ use sp_version::NativeVersion;
 use sp_version::RuntimeVersion;
 use subtensor_precompiles::Precompiles;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, TaoCurrency, time::*, *};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::{OrderType, SwapHandler};
+use subtensor_swap_interface::{Order, SwapHandler};
 
 // A few exports that help ease life for downstream crates.
 pub use frame_support::{
@@ -1312,6 +1312,8 @@ impl pallet_subtensor_swap::Config for Runtime {
     type SubnetInfo = SubtensorModule;
     type BalanceOps = SubtensorModule;
     type ProtocolId = SwapProtocolId;
+    type TaoReserve = pallet_subtensor::TaoCurrencyReserve<Self>;
+    type AlphaReserve = pallet_subtensor::AlphaCurrencyReserve<Self>;
     type MaxFeeRate = SwapMaxFeeRate;
     type MaxPositions = SwapMaxPositions;
     type MinimumLiquidity = SwapMinimumLiquidity;
@@ -2497,10 +2499,10 @@ impl_runtime_apis! {
         }
 
         fn sim_swap_tao_for_alpha(netuid: NetUid, tao: TaoCurrency) -> SimSwapResult {
+            let order = pallet_subtensor::GetAlphaForTao::<Runtime>::with_amount(tao);
             pallet_subtensor_swap::Pallet::<Runtime>::sim_swap(
                 netuid.into(),
-                OrderType::Buy,
-                tao.into(),
+                order,
             )
             .map_or_else(
                 |_| SimSwapResult {
@@ -2519,10 +2521,10 @@ impl_runtime_apis! {
         }
 
         fn sim_swap_alpha_for_tao(netuid: NetUid, alpha: AlphaCurrency) -> SimSwapResult {
+            let order = pallet_subtensor::GetTaoForAlpha::<Runtime>::with_amount(alpha);
             pallet_subtensor_swap::Pallet::<Runtime>::sim_swap(
                 netuid.into(),
-                OrderType::Sell,
-                alpha.into(),
+                order,
             )
             .map_or_else(
                 |_| SimSwapResult {

From 69e222bd2f01a41cdb5c1b07fc81c4c83f60f15e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 3 Oct 2025 18:52:36 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 072/218] Add sudo_set_num_root_claims extrinsic

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/benchmarks.rs        |  6 ++++
 pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs               |  2 ++
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs | 30 ++++++++++++++++
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/errors.rs     |  2 ++
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs  | 42 +++++++++++++++++++---
 5 files changed, 78 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/benchmarks.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/benchmarks.rs
index 7d9441eaaf..900fd11e54 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/benchmarks.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/benchmarks.rs
@@ -1593,4 +1593,10 @@ mod pallet_benchmarks {
         #[extrinsic_call]
         _(RawOrigin::Signed(coldkey.clone()));
     }
+
+    #[benchmark]
+    fn sudo_set_num_root_claims() {
+        #[extrinsic_call]
+        _(RawOrigin::Root, 100);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
index 411a1bbe0e..186e6b713a 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
@@ -56,6 +56,8 @@ pub const MAX_CRV3_COMMIT_SIZE_BYTES: u32 = 5000;
 
 pub const ALPHA_MAP_BATCH_SIZE: usize = 30;
 
+pub const MAX_NUM_ROOT_CLAIMS: u64 = 50;
+
 #[allow(deprecated)]
 #[deny(missing_docs)]
 #[import_section(errors::errors)]
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
index a9d55300e1..8b0b946b9e 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ mod dispatches {
     use sp_core::ecdsa::Signature;
     use sp_runtime::{Percent, traits::Saturating};
 
+    use crate::MAX_NUM_ROOT_CLAIMS;
+
     use crate::MAX_CRV3_COMMIT_SIZE_BYTES;
     /// Dispatchable functions allow users to interact with the pallet and invoke state changes.
     /// These functions materialize as "extrinsics", which are often compared to transactions.
@@ -2439,5 +2441,33 @@ mod dispatches {
             Self::change_root_claim_type(&coldkey, new_root_claim_type);
             Ok(())
         }
+
+        /// --- Sets the root claim type for the coldkey.
+        /// # Args:
+        /// * 'origin': (<T as frame_system::Config>Origin):
+        /// 	- The signature of the caller's coldkey.
+        ///
+        /// # Event:
+        /// * RootClaimTypeSet;
+        /// 	- On the successfully setting the root claim type for the coldkey.
+        ///
+        #[pallet::call_index(123)]
+        #[pallet::weight((
+            Weight::from_parts(4_000_000, 0).saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
+            DispatchClass::Operational,
+            Pays::Yes
+        ))]
+        pub fn sudo_set_num_root_claims(origin: OriginFor<T>, new_value: u64) -> DispatchResult {
+            ensure_root(origin)?;
+
+            ensure!(
+                new_value > 0 && new_value <= MAX_NUM_ROOT_CLAIMS,
+                Error::<T>::InvalidNumRootClaim
+            );
+
+            NumRootClaim::<T>::set(new_value);
+
+            Ok(())
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/errors.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/errors.rs
index e241ff068f..bb40abcc67 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/errors.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/errors.rs
@@ -262,5 +262,7 @@ mod errors {
         UidMapCouldNotBeCleared,
         /// Trimming would exceed the max immune neurons percentage
         TrimmingWouldExceedMaxImmunePercentage,
+        /// Invalid number of root claims
+        InvalidNumRootClaim,
     }
 }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
index f455046ff1..98ffc146ba 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
@@ -2,14 +2,15 @@ use crate::tests::mock::{
     RuntimeOrigin, SubtensorModule, Test, add_dynamic_network, new_test_ext, run_to_block,
 };
 use crate::{
-    NetworksAdded, NumStakingColdkeys, PendingRootAlphaDivs, RootClaimable, StakingColdkeys,
-    StakingColdkeysByIndex, SubnetAlphaIn, SubnetMechanism, SubnetTAO, SubtokenEnabled, Tempo,
-    pallet,
+    Error, MAX_NUM_ROOT_CLAIMS, NetworksAdded, NumRootClaim, NumStakingColdkeys,
+    PendingRootAlphaDivs, RootClaimable, StakingColdkeys, StakingColdkeysByIndex, SubnetAlphaIn,
+    SubnetMechanism, SubnetTAO, SubtokenEnabled, Tempo, pallet,
 };
 use crate::{RootClaimType, RootClaimTypeEnum, RootClaimed};
 use approx::assert_abs_diff_eq;
-use frame_support::assert_ok;
+use frame_support::{assert_noop, assert_ok};
 use sp_core::{H256, U256};
+use sp_runtime::DispatchError;
 use substrate_fixed::types::{I96F32, U96F32};
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
 use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
@@ -990,3 +991,36 @@ fn test_claim_root_coinbase_distribution() {
         );
     });
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn test_sudo_set_num_root_claims() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let coldkey = U256::from(1003);
+
+        assert_noop!(
+            SubtensorModule::sudo_set_num_root_claims(RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey), 50u64),
+            DispatchError::BadOrigin
+        );
+
+        assert_noop!(
+            SubtensorModule::sudo_set_num_root_claims(RuntimeOrigin::root(), 0u64),
+            Error::<Test>::InvalidNumRootClaim
+        );
+
+        assert_noop!(
+            SubtensorModule::sudo_set_num_root_claims(
+                RuntimeOrigin::root(),
+                MAX_NUM_ROOT_CLAIMS + 1,
+            ),
+            Error::<Test>::InvalidNumRootClaim
+        );
+
+        let new_value = 27u64;
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::sudo_set_num_root_claims(
+            RuntimeOrigin::root(),
+            new_value,
+        ),);
+
+        assert_eq!(NumRootClaim::<Test>::get(), new_value);
+    });
+}

From a99e4977f8199d6fa1e8e8309bf4689d263b48d4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" <github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 3 Oct 2025 20:32:38 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 073/218] auto-update benchmark weights

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs | 14 +++++++-------
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
index 485dce6498..5ea9f6416d 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
@@ -706,7 +706,7 @@ mod dispatches {
         ///
         #[pallet::call_index(2)]
         #[pallet::weight((Weight::from_parts(340_800_000, 0)
-		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(26))
+		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(24_u64))
 		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(15)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::Yes))]
         pub fn add_stake(
             origin: OriginFor<T>,
@@ -1671,7 +1671,7 @@ mod dispatches {
         ///     - Thrown if key has hit transaction rate limit
         #[pallet::call_index(84)]
         #[pallet::weight((Weight::from_parts(358_500_000, 0)
-        .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(38_u64))
+        .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(36_u64))
         .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(21_u64)), DispatchClass::Operational, Pays::Yes))]
         pub fn unstake_all_alpha(origin: OriginFor<T>, hotkey: T::AccountId) -> DispatchResult {
             Self::do_unstake_all_alpha(origin, hotkey)
@@ -1785,7 +1785,7 @@ mod dispatches {
         #[pallet::call_index(87)]
         #[pallet::weight((
             Weight::from_parts(351_300_000, 0)
-            .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(37_u64))
+            .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(35_u64))
             .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(22_u64)),
             DispatchClass::Normal,
             Pays::Yes
@@ -1850,7 +1850,7 @@ mod dispatches {
         ///
         #[pallet::call_index(88)]
         #[pallet::weight((Weight::from_parts(402_900_000, 0)
-		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(26))
+		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(24_u64))
 		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(15)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::Yes))]
         pub fn add_stake_limit(
             origin: OriginFor<T>,
@@ -1914,7 +1914,7 @@ mod dispatches {
         ///
         #[pallet::call_index(89)]
         #[pallet::weight((Weight::from_parts(377_400_000, 0)
-		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(30_u64))
+		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(28_u64))
 		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(14)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::Yes))]
         pub fn remove_stake_limit(
             origin: OriginFor<T>,
@@ -1958,7 +1958,7 @@ mod dispatches {
         #[pallet::call_index(90)]
         #[pallet::weight((
             Weight::from_parts(411_500_000, 0)
-            .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(37_u64))
+            .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(35_u64))
             .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(22_u64)),
             DispatchClass::Normal,
             Pays::Yes
@@ -2136,7 +2136,7 @@ mod dispatches {
         /// Without limit_price it remove all the stake similar to `remove_stake` extrinsic
         #[pallet::call_index(103)]
         #[pallet::weight((Weight::from_parts(395_300_000, 10142)
-			.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(30_u64))
+			.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(28_u64))
 			.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(14_u64)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::Yes))]
         pub fn remove_stake_full_limit(
             origin: T::RuntimeOrigin,

From 8b62e98b9df572dde17fd49c2be3946822fff140 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aliaksandr Tsurko <ales@opentensor.dev>
Date: Mon, 6 Oct 2025 15:08:12 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 074/218] Address Loris' comments

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mock.rs       | 4 ++--
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/staking.rs    | 2 +-
 pallets/transaction-fee/src/tests/mock.rs | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mock.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mock.rs
index 1f4b93205d..cdb43de1af 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mock.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mock.rs
@@ -1031,7 +1031,7 @@ pub(crate) fn swap_tao_to_alpha(netuid: NetUid, tao: TaoCurrency) -> (AlphaCurre
 
     let result = result.unwrap();
 
-    // we don't want to have silent 0 comparissons in tests
+    // we don't want to have silent 0 comparisons in tests
     assert!(result.amount_paid_out > AlphaCurrency::ZERO);
 
     (result.amount_paid_out, result.fee_paid.into())
@@ -1064,7 +1064,7 @@ pub(crate) fn swap_alpha_to_tao_ext(
 
     let result = result.unwrap();
 
-    // we don't want to have silent 0 comparissons in tests
+    // we don't want to have silent 0 comparisons in tests
     assert!(!result.amount_paid_out.is_zero());
 
     (result.amount_paid_out, result.fee_paid.into())
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/staking.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/staking.rs
index 2f142b104d..be49967589 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/staking.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/staking.rs
@@ -4168,7 +4168,7 @@ fn test_remove_99_9989_per_cent_stake_leaves_a_little() {
         ));
 
         // Check that all alpha was unstaked and 99% TAO balance was returned (less fees)
-        // let fee = <Test as Config>::SwapExt::approx_fee_amount(netuid.into(), (amount as f64 * 0.99) as u64);
+        // let fee = <Test as Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(netuid.into(), (amount as f64 * 0.99) as u64);
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(
             SubtensorModule::get_coldkey_balance(&coldkey_account_id),
             (amount as f64 * 0.99) as u64 - fee,
diff --git a/pallets/transaction-fee/src/tests/mock.rs b/pallets/transaction-fee/src/tests/mock.rs
index 220022a4d4..576301e0e9 100644
--- a/pallets/transaction-fee/src/tests/mock.rs
+++ b/pallets/transaction-fee/src/tests/mock.rs
@@ -630,7 +630,7 @@ pub(crate) fn swap_alpha_to_tao_ext(
 
     let result = result.unwrap();
 
-    // we don't want to have silent 0 comparissons in tests
+    // we don't want to have silent 0 comparisons in tests
     assert!(!result.amount_paid_out.is_zero());
 
     (result.amount_paid_out.to_u64(), result.fee_paid.to_u64())

From c5d9f31337c0f9a47d54a26cea8c232d23cb9241 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 6 Oct 2025 18:27:13 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 075/218] Update claim_root benchmark.

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/benchmarks.rs        | 59 +++++++++++++++++++++-
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs |  4 +-
 2 files changed, 61 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/benchmarks.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/benchmarks.rs
index 900fd11e54..d7b9e63abc 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/benchmarks.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/benchmarks.rs
@@ -1585,13 +1585,70 @@ mod pallet_benchmarks {
         _(RawOrigin::Signed(coldkey.clone()), RootClaimTypeEnum::Keep);
     }
 
-    // TODO: rework after subnets argument
     #[benchmark]
     fn claim_root() {
         let coldkey: T::AccountId = whitelisted_caller();
+        let hotkey: T::AccountId = account("A", 0, 1);
+
+        let netuid = Subtensor::<T>::get_next_netuid();
+
+        let lock_cost = Subtensor::<T>::get_network_lock_cost();
+        Subtensor::<T>::add_balance_to_coldkey_account(&coldkey, lock_cost.into());
+
+        assert_ok!(Subtensor::<T>::register_network(
+            RawOrigin::Signed(coldkey.clone()).into(),
+            hotkey.clone()
+        ));
+
+        SubtokenEnabled::<T>::insert(netuid, true);
+        Subtensor::<T>::set_network_pow_registration_allowed(netuid, true);
+        NetworkRegistrationAllowed::<T>::insert(netuid, true);
+        FirstEmissionBlockNumber::<T>::insert(netuid, 0);
+
+        SubnetMechanism::<T>::insert(netuid, 1);
+        SubnetworkN::<T>::insert(netuid, 1);
+        Subtensor::<T>::set_tao_weight(u64::MAX); // Set TAO weight to 1.0
+
+        let root_stake = 100_000_000u64;
+        Subtensor::<T>::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &coldkey,
+            NetUid::ROOT,
+            root_stake.into(),
+        );
+
+        let initial_total_hotkey_alpha = 100_000_000u64;
+        Subtensor::<T>::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &coldkey,
+            netuid,
+            initial_total_hotkey_alpha.into(),
+        );
+
+        let pending_root_alpha = 10_000_000u64;
+        Subtensor::<T>::drain_pending_emission(
+            netuid,
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
+            pending_root_alpha.into(),
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
+        );
+
+        let initial_stake =
+            Subtensor::<T>::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid);
+
+        assert_ok!(Subtensor::<T>::set_root_claim_type(
+            RawOrigin::Signed(coldkey.clone()).into(),
+            RootClaimTypeEnum::Keep
+        ),);
 
         #[extrinsic_call]
         _(RawOrigin::Signed(coldkey.clone()));
+
+        // Verification
+        let new_stake =
+            Subtensor::<T>::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid);
+
+        assert!(new_stake > initial_stake);
     }
 
     #[benchmark]
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
index 8b0b946b9e..f5c0802fa9 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
@@ -2402,7 +2402,9 @@ mod dispatches {
         ///
         #[pallet::call_index(121)]
         #[pallet::weight((
-            Weight::from_parts(13_000_000, 3994).saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(1_u64)),
+            Weight::from_parts(117_000_000, 7767)
+                .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(11_u64))
+                .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(4_u64)),
             DispatchClass::Normal,
             Pays::Yes
         ))]

From 7639869f2d144f695fab9387ea38525c1e167547 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aliaksandr Tsurko <ales@opentensor.dev>
Date: Tue, 7 Oct 2025 15:03:45 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 076/218] Remove swap pallet error shadowing in max_amount
 staking calculators

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/add_stake.rs    |  12 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/move_stake.rs   |  14 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/remove_stake.rs |   9 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/staking.rs        | 141 ++++++++++--------
 4 files changed, 97 insertions(+), 79 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/add_stake.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/add_stake.rs
index f8cbf02358..ea33912bf1 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/add_stake.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/add_stake.rs
@@ -180,7 +180,10 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     }
 
     // Returns the maximum amount of RAO that can be executed with price limit
-    pub fn get_max_amount_add(netuid: NetUid, limit_price: TaoCurrency) -> Result<u64, Error<T>> {
+    pub fn get_max_amount_add(
+        netuid: NetUid,
+        limit_price: TaoCurrency,
+    ) -> Result<u64, DispatchError> {
         // Corner case: root and stao
         // There's no slippage for root or stable subnets, so if limit price is 1e9 rao or
         // higher, then max_amount equals u64::MAX, otherwise it is 0.
@@ -188,20 +191,19 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             if limit_price >= 1_000_000_000.into() {
                 return Ok(u64::MAX);
             } else {
-                return Err(Error::ZeroMaxStakeAmount);
+                return Err(Error::<T>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount.into());
             }
         }
 
         // Use reverting swap to estimate max limit amount
         let order = GetAlphaForTao::<T>::with_amount(u64::MAX);
         let result = T::SwapInterface::swap(netuid.into(), order, limit_price, false, true)
-            .map(|r| r.amount_paid_in.saturating_add(r.fee_paid))
-            .map_err(|_| Error::ZeroMaxStakeAmount)?;
+            .map(|r| r.amount_paid_in.saturating_add(r.fee_paid))?;
 
         if !result.is_zero() {
             Ok(result.into())
         } else {
-            Err(Error::ZeroMaxStakeAmount)
+            Err(Error::<T>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount.into())
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/move_stake.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/move_stake.rs
index 768430b03a..a1d9b46d5b 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/move_stake.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/move_stake.rs
@@ -424,8 +424,8 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         origin_netuid: NetUid,
         destination_netuid: NetUid,
         limit_price: TaoCurrency,
-    ) -> Result<AlphaCurrency, Error<T>> {
-        let tao: U64F64 = U64F64::saturating_from_num(1_000_000_000);
+    ) -> Result<AlphaCurrency, DispatchError> {
+        let tao = U64F64::saturating_from_num(1_000_000_000);
 
         // Corner case: both subnet IDs are root or stao
         // There's no slippage for root or stable subnets, so slippage is always 0.
@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             && (destination_netuid.is_root() || SubnetMechanism::<T>::get(destination_netuid) == 0)
         {
             if limit_price > tao.saturating_to_num::<u64>().into() {
-                return Err(Error::ZeroMaxStakeAmount);
+                return Err(Error::<T>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount.into());
             } else {
                 return Ok(AlphaCurrency::MAX);
             }
@@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         let subnet_tao_2 = SubnetTAO::<T>::get(destination_netuid)
             .saturating_add(SubnetTaoProvided::<T>::get(destination_netuid));
         if subnet_tao_1.is_zero() || subnet_tao_2.is_zero() {
-            return Err(Error::ZeroMaxStakeAmount);
+            return Err(Error::<T>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount.into());
         }
         let subnet_tao_1_float: U64F64 = U64F64::saturating_from_num(subnet_tao_1);
         let subnet_tao_2_float: U64F64 = U64F64::saturating_from_num(subnet_tao_2);
@@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         let alpha_in_2 = SubnetAlphaIn::<T>::get(destination_netuid)
             .saturating_add(SubnetAlphaInProvided::<T>::get(destination_netuid));
         if alpha_in_1.is_zero() || alpha_in_2.is_zero() {
-            return Err(Error::ZeroMaxStakeAmount);
+            return Err(Error::<T>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount.into());
         }
         let alpha_in_1_float: U64F64 = U64F64::saturating_from_num(alpha_in_1);
         let alpha_in_2_float: U64F64 = U64F64::saturating_from_num(alpha_in_2);
@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             T::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(destination_netuid.into()),
         );
         if limit_price_float > current_price {
-            return Err(Error::ZeroMaxStakeAmount);
+            return Err(Error::<T>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount.into());
         }
 
         // Corner case: limit_price is zero
@@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         if final_result != 0 {
             Ok(final_result.into())
         } else {
-            Err(Error::ZeroMaxStakeAmount)
+            Err(Error::<T>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount.into())
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/remove_stake.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/remove_stake.rs
index d7a45f79ab..5771029f74 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/remove_stake.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/remove_stake.rs
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     pub fn get_max_amount_remove(
         netuid: NetUid,
         limit_price: TaoCurrency,
-    ) -> Result<AlphaCurrency, Error<T>> {
+    ) -> Result<AlphaCurrency, DispatchError> {
         // Corner case: root and stao
         // There's no slippage for root or stable subnets, so if limit price is 1e9 rao or
         // lower, then max_amount equals u64::MAX, otherwise it is 0.
@@ -399,20 +399,19 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             if limit_price <= 1_000_000_000.into() {
                 return Ok(AlphaCurrency::MAX);
             } else {
-                return Err(Error::ZeroMaxStakeAmount);
+                return Err(Error::<T>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount.into());
             }
         }
 
         // Use reverting swap to estimate max limit amount
         let order = GetTaoForAlpha::<T>::with_amount(u64::MAX);
         let result = T::SwapInterface::swap(netuid.into(), order, limit_price.into(), false, true)
-            .map(|r| r.amount_paid_in.saturating_add(r.fee_paid))
-            .map_err(|_| Error::ZeroMaxStakeAmount)?;
+            .map(|r| r.amount_paid_in.saturating_add(r.fee_paid))?;
 
         if !result.is_zero() {
             Ok(result)
         } else {
-            Err(Error::ZeroMaxStakeAmount)
+            Err(Error::<T>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount.into())
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/staking.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/staking.rs
index be49967589..31826b6810 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/staking.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/staking.rs
@@ -2729,13 +2729,13 @@ fn test_max_amount_add_root() {
         // 0 price on root => max is 0
         assert_eq!(
             SubtensorModule::get_max_amount_add(NetUid::ROOT, TaoCurrency::ZERO),
-            Err(Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount)
+            Err(Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount.into())
         );
 
         // 0.999999... price on root => max is 0
         assert_eq!(
             SubtensorModule::get_max_amount_add(NetUid::ROOT, TaoCurrency::from(999_999_999)),
-            Err(Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount)
+            Err(Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount.into())
         );
 
         // 1.0 price on root => max is u64::MAX
@@ -2767,13 +2767,13 @@ fn test_max_amount_add_stable() {
         // 0 price => max is 0
         assert_eq!(
             SubtensorModule::get_max_amount_add(netuid, TaoCurrency::ZERO),
-            Err(Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount)
+            Err(Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount.into())
         );
 
         // 0.999999... price => max is 0
         assert_eq!(
             SubtensorModule::get_max_amount_add(netuid, TaoCurrency::from(999_999_999)),
-            Err(Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount)
+            Err(Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount.into())
         );
 
         // 1.0 price => max is u64::MAX
@@ -2806,7 +2806,9 @@ fn test_max_amount_add_dynamic() {
             1_000_000_000,
             1_000_000_000,
             0,
-            Err(Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount),
+            Err(DispatchError::from(
+                pallet_subtensor_swap::Error::<Test>::PriceLimitExceeded,
+            )),
         ),
         // Low bounds
         (100, 100, 1_100_000_000, Ok(4)),
@@ -2827,25 +2829,33 @@ fn test_max_amount_add_dynamic() {
             150_000_000_000,
             100_000_000_000,
             0,
-            Err(Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount),
+            Err(DispatchError::from(
+                pallet_subtensor_swap::Error::<Test>::PriceLimitExceeded,
+            )),
         ),
         (
             150_000_000_000,
             100_000_000_000,
             100_000_000,
-            Err(Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount),
+            Err(DispatchError::from(
+                pallet_subtensor_swap::Error::<Test>::PriceLimitExceeded,
+            )),
         ),
         (
             150_000_000_000,
             100_000_000_000,
             500_000_000,
-            Err(Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount),
+            Err(DispatchError::from(
+                pallet_subtensor_swap::Error::<Test>::PriceLimitExceeded,
+            )),
         ),
         (
             150_000_000_000,
             100_000_000_000,
             1_499_999_999,
-            Err(Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount),
+            Err(DispatchError::from(
+                pallet_subtensor_swap::Error::<Test>::PriceLimitExceeded,
+            )),
         ),
         (150_000_000_000, 100_000_000_000, 1_500_000_000, Ok(5)),
         (150_000_000_000, 100_000_000_000, 1_500_000_001, Ok(51)),
@@ -2934,13 +2944,13 @@ fn test_max_amount_remove_root() {
         // 1.000...001 price on root => max is 0
         assert_eq!(
             SubtensorModule::get_max_amount_remove(NetUid::ROOT, TaoCurrency::from(1_000_000_001)),
-            Err(Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount)
+            Err(Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount.into())
         );
 
         // 2.0 price on root => max is 0
         assert_eq!(
             SubtensorModule::get_max_amount_remove(NetUid::ROOT, TaoCurrency::from(2_000_000_000)),
-            Err(Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount)
+            Err(Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount.into())
         );
     });
 }
@@ -2972,13 +2982,13 @@ fn test_max_amount_remove_stable() {
         // 1.000...001 price => max is 0
         assert_eq!(
             SubtensorModule::get_max_amount_remove(netuid, TaoCurrency::from(1_000_000_001)),
-            Err(Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount)
+            Err(Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount.into())
         );
 
         // 2.0 price => max is 0
         assert_eq!(
             SubtensorModule::get_max_amount_remove(netuid, TaoCurrency::from(2_000_000_000)),
-            Err(Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount)
+            Err(Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount.into())
         );
     });
 }
@@ -2998,13 +3008,17 @@ fn test_max_amount_remove_dynamic() {
                 0,
                 1_000_000_000,
                 100,
-                Err(Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount),
+                Err(DispatchError::from(
+                    pallet_subtensor_swap::Error::<Test>::ReservesTooLow,
+                )),
             ),
             (
                 1_000_000_000,
                 0,
                 100,
-                Err(Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount),
+                Err(DispatchError::from(
+                    pallet_subtensor_swap::Error::<Test>::PriceLimitExceeded,
+                )),
             ),
             (10_000_000_000, 10_000_000_000, 0, Ok(u64::MAX)),
             // Low bounds (numbers are empirical, it is only important that result
@@ -3043,13 +3057,17 @@ fn test_max_amount_remove_dynamic() {
                 200_000_000_000,
                 100_000_000_000,
                 2_000_000_000,
-                Err(Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount),
+                Err(DispatchError::from(
+                    pallet_subtensor_swap::Error::<Test>::PriceLimitExceeded,
+                )),
             ),
             (
                 200_000_000_000,
                 100_000_000_000,
                 2_000_000_001,
-                Err(Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount),
+                Err(DispatchError::from(
+                    pallet_subtensor_swap::Error::<Test>::PriceLimitExceeded,
+                )),
             ),
             (200_000_000_000, 100_000_000_000, 1_999_999_999, Ok(24)),
             (200_000_000_000, 100_000_000_000, 1_999_999_990, Ok(252)),
@@ -3065,7 +3083,9 @@ fn test_max_amount_remove_dynamic() {
                 21_000_000_000_000_000,
                 1_000_000_000_000_000_000,
                 u64::MAX,
-                Err(Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount),
+                Err(DispatchError::from(
+                    pallet_subtensor_swap::Error::<Test>::PriceLimitExceeded,
+                )),
             ),
             (
                 21_000_000_000_000_000,
@@ -3086,39 +3106,36 @@ fn test_max_amount_remove_dynamic() {
                 Ok(u64::MAX),
             ),
         ]
-        .iter()
-        .for_each(
-            |&(tao_in, alpha_in, limit_price, ref expected_max_swappable)| {
-                let alpha_in = AlphaCurrency::from(alpha_in);
-                // Forse-set alpha in and tao reserve to achieve relative price of subnets
-                SubnetTAO::<Test>::insert(netuid, TaoCurrency::from(tao_in));
-                SubnetAlphaIn::<Test>::insert(netuid, alpha_in);
-
-                if !alpha_in.is_zero() {
-                    let expected_price = I96F32::from_num(tao_in) / I96F32::from_num(alpha_in);
-                    assert_eq!(
-                        <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into()),
-                        expected_price
-                    );
-                }
+        .into_iter()
+        .for_each(|(tao_in, alpha_in, limit_price, expected_max_swappable)| {
+            let alpha_in = AlphaCurrency::from(alpha_in);
+            // Forse-set alpha in and tao reserve to achieve relative price of subnets
+            SubnetTAO::<Test>::insert(netuid, TaoCurrency::from(tao_in));
+            SubnetAlphaIn::<Test>::insert(netuid, alpha_in);
 
-                match expected_max_swappable {
-                    Err(_) => assert_err!(
-                        SubtensorModule::get_max_amount_remove(netuid, limit_price.into()),
-                        Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount
-                    ),
-                    Ok(v) => {
-                        let v = AlphaCurrency::from(*v);
-                        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-                            SubtensorModule::get_max_amount_remove(netuid, limit_price.into())
-                                .unwrap(),
-                            v,
-                            epsilon = v / 100.into()
-                        );
-                    }
+            if !alpha_in.is_zero() {
+                let expected_price = I96F32::from_num(tao_in) / I96F32::from_num(alpha_in);
+                assert_eq!(
+                    <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into()),
+                    expected_price
+                );
+            }
+
+            match expected_max_swappable {
+                Err(e) => assert_err!(
+                    SubtensorModule::get_max_amount_remove(netuid, limit_price.into()),
+                    DispatchError::from(e)
+                ),
+                Ok(v) => {
+                    let v = AlphaCurrency::from(v);
+                    assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+                        SubtensorModule::get_max_amount_remove(netuid, limit_price.into()).unwrap(),
+                        v,
+                        epsilon = v / 100.into()
+                    );
                 }
-            },
-        );
+            }
+        });
     });
 }
 
@@ -3169,7 +3186,7 @@ fn test_max_amount_move_root_root() {
                 NetUid::ROOT,
                 TaoCurrency::from(1_000_000_001)
             ),
-            Err(Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount)
+            Err(Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount.into())
         );
 
         // 2.0 price on (root, root) => max is 0
@@ -3179,7 +3196,7 @@ fn test_max_amount_move_root_root() {
                 NetUid::ROOT,
                 TaoCurrency::from(2_000_000_000)
             ),
-            Err(Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount)
+            Err(Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount.into())
         );
     });
 }
@@ -3234,7 +3251,7 @@ fn test_max_amount_move_root_stable() {
                 netuid,
                 TaoCurrency::from(1_000_000_001)
             ),
-            Err(Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount)
+            Err(Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount.into())
         );
 
         // 2.0 price on (root, stable) => max is 0
@@ -3244,7 +3261,7 @@ fn test_max_amount_move_root_stable() {
                 netuid,
                 TaoCurrency::from(2_000_000_000)
             ),
-            Err(Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount)
+            Err(Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount.into())
         );
     });
 }
@@ -3286,7 +3303,7 @@ fn test_max_amount_move_stable_dynamic() {
                 dynamic_netuid,
                 TaoCurrency::from(2_000_000_000)
             ),
-            Err(Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount)
+            Err(Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount.into())
         );
 
         // 3.0 price => max is 0
@@ -3296,7 +3313,7 @@ fn test_max_amount_move_stable_dynamic() {
                 dynamic_netuid,
                 TaoCurrency::from(3_000_000_000)
             ),
-            Err(Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount)
+            Err(pallet_subtensor_swap::Error::<Test>::PriceLimitExceeded.into())
         );
 
         // 2x price => max is 1x TAO
@@ -3328,7 +3345,7 @@ fn test_max_amount_move_stable_dynamic() {
         // Max price doesn't panic and returns something meaningful
         assert_eq!(
             SubtensorModule::get_max_amount_move(stable_netuid, dynamic_netuid, TaoCurrency::MAX),
-            Err(Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount)
+            Err(pallet_subtensor_swap::Error::<Test>::PriceLimitExceeded.into())
         );
         assert_eq!(
             SubtensorModule::get_max_amount_move(
@@ -3336,7 +3353,7 @@ fn test_max_amount_move_stable_dynamic() {
                 dynamic_netuid,
                 TaoCurrency::MAX - 1.into()
             ),
-            Err(Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount)
+            Err(pallet_subtensor_swap::Error::<Test>::PriceLimitExceeded.into())
         );
         assert_eq!(
             SubtensorModule::get_max_amount_move(
@@ -3344,7 +3361,7 @@ fn test_max_amount_move_stable_dynamic() {
                 dynamic_netuid,
                 TaoCurrency::MAX / 2.into()
             ),
-            Err(Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount)
+            Err(pallet_subtensor_swap::Error::<Test>::PriceLimitExceeded.into())
         );
     });
 }
@@ -3400,7 +3417,7 @@ fn test_max_amount_move_dynamic_stable() {
                 stable_netuid,
                 1_500_000_001.into()
             ),
-            Err(Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount)
+            Err(pallet_subtensor_swap::Error::<Test>::PriceLimitExceeded.into())
         );
 
         // 1.5 price => max is 0 because of non-zero slippage
@@ -3853,7 +3870,7 @@ fn test_add_stake_limit_partial_zero_max_stake_amount_error() {
                 limit_price,
                 true
             ),
-            Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount
+            DispatchError::from(pallet_subtensor_swap::Error::<Test>::PriceLimitExceeded)
         );
     });
 }
@@ -4652,7 +4669,7 @@ fn test_stake_into_subnet_prohibitive_limit() {
                 TaoCurrency::ZERO,
                 true,
             ),
-            Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount
+            DispatchError::from(pallet_subtensor_swap::Error::<Test>::PriceLimitExceeded)
         );
 
         // Check if stake has NOT increased
@@ -4725,7 +4742,7 @@ fn test_unstake_from_subnet_prohibitive_limit() {
                 TaoCurrency::MAX,
                 true,
             ),
-            Error::<Test>::ZeroMaxStakeAmount
+            DispatchError::from(pallet_subtensor_swap::Error::<Test>::PriceLimitExceeded)
         );
 
         // Check if stake has NOT decreased

From 2fec8d7246b9425bb06af8a09d3b1c58fc57a1dc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Reed <87283488+JohnReedV@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2025 10:38:55 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 077/218] remove duplicate sudo_set_subnet_owner_hotkey

---
 pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs       | 50 ++++++++---------
 pallets/admin-utils/src/tests/mod.rs | 84 ++++++++++++++--------------
 2 files changed, 67 insertions(+), 67 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs b/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
index b794756995..7b46caff27 100644
--- a/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
@@ -1667,31 +1667,31 @@ pub mod pallet {
             Ok(())
         }
 
-        /// Change the SubnetOwnerHotkey for a given subnet.
-        ///
-        /// # Arguments
-        /// * `origin` - The origin of the call, which must be the subnet owner.
-        /// * `netuid` - The unique identifier for the subnet.
-        /// * `hotkey` - The new hotkey for the subnet owner.
-        ///
-        /// # Errors
-        /// * `BadOrigin` - If the caller is not the subnet owner or root account.
-        ///
-        /// # Weight
-        /// Weight is handled by the `#[pallet::weight]` attribute.
-        #[pallet::call_index(64)]
-        #[pallet::weight((0, DispatchClass::Operational, Pays::No))]
-        pub fn sudo_set_subnet_owner_hotkey(
-            origin: OriginFor<T>,
-            netuid: NetUid,
-            hotkey: <T as frame_system::Config>::AccountId,
-        ) -> DispatchResult {
-            pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::ensure_subnet_owner(origin.clone(), netuid)?;
-            pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::set_subnet_owner_hotkey(netuid, &hotkey);
-
-            log::debug!("SubnetOwnerHotkeySet( netuid: {netuid:?}, hotkey: {hotkey:?} )");
-            Ok(())
-        }
+        // /// Change the SubnetOwnerHotkey for a given subnet.
+        // ///
+        // /// # Arguments
+        // /// * `origin` - The origin of the call, which must be the subnet owner.
+        // /// * `netuid` - The unique identifier for the subnet.
+        // /// * `hotkey` - The new hotkey for the subnet owner.
+        // ///
+        // /// # Errors
+        // /// * `BadOrigin` - If the caller is not the subnet owner or root account.
+        // ///
+        // /// # Weight
+        // /// Weight is handled by the `#[pallet::weight]` attribute.
+        // #[pallet::call_index(64)]
+        // #[pallet::weight((0, DispatchClass::Operational, Pays::No))]
+        // pub fn sudo_set_subnet_owner_hotkey(
+        //     origin: OriginFor<T>,
+        //     netuid: NetUid,
+        //     hotkey: <T as frame_system::Config>::AccountId,
+        // ) -> DispatchResult {
+        //     pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::ensure_subnet_owner(origin.clone(), netuid)?;
+        //     pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::set_subnet_owner_hotkey(netuid, &hotkey);
+
+        //     log::debug!("SubnetOwnerHotkeySet( netuid: {netuid:?}, hotkey: {hotkey:?} )");
+        //     Ok(())
+        // }
 
         ///
         ///
diff --git a/pallets/admin-utils/src/tests/mod.rs b/pallets/admin-utils/src/tests/mod.rs
index 4e534c3210..730248356d 100644
--- a/pallets/admin-utils/src/tests/mod.rs
+++ b/pallets/admin-utils/src/tests/mod.rs
@@ -1745,48 +1745,48 @@ fn test_sets_a_lower_value_clears_small_nominations() {
     });
 }
 
-#[test]
-fn test_sudo_set_subnet_owner_hotkey() {
-    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-        let netuid = NetUid::from(1);
-
-        let coldkey: U256 = U256::from(1);
-        let hotkey: U256 = U256::from(2);
-        let new_hotkey: U256 = U256::from(3);
-
-        let coldkey_origin = <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(coldkey);
-        let root = RuntimeOrigin::root();
-        let random_account = RuntimeOrigin::signed(U256::from(123456));
-
-        pallet_subtensor::SubnetOwner::<Test>::insert(netuid, coldkey);
-        pallet_subtensor::SubnetOwnerHotkey::<Test>::insert(netuid, hotkey);
-        assert_eq!(
-            pallet_subtensor::SubnetOwnerHotkey::<Test>::get(netuid),
-            hotkey
-        );
-
-        assert_ok!(AdminUtils::sudo_set_subnet_owner_hotkey(
-            coldkey_origin,
-            netuid,
-            new_hotkey
-        ));
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            pallet_subtensor::SubnetOwnerHotkey::<Test>::get(netuid),
-            new_hotkey
-        );
-
-        assert_noop!(
-            AdminUtils::sudo_set_subnet_owner_hotkey(random_account, netuid, new_hotkey),
-            DispatchError::BadOrigin
-        );
-
-        assert_noop!(
-            AdminUtils::sudo_set_subnet_owner_hotkey(root, netuid, new_hotkey),
-            DispatchError::BadOrigin
-        );
-    });
-}
+// #[test]
+// fn test_sudo_set_subnet_owner_hotkey() {
+//     new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
+//         let netuid = NetUid::from(1);
+
+//         let coldkey: U256 = U256::from(1);
+//         let hotkey: U256 = U256::from(2);
+//         let new_hotkey: U256 = U256::from(3);
+
+//         let coldkey_origin = <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(coldkey);
+//         let root = RuntimeOrigin::root();
+//         let random_account = RuntimeOrigin::signed(U256::from(123456));
+
+//         pallet_subtensor::SubnetOwner::<Test>::insert(netuid, coldkey);
+//         pallet_subtensor::SubnetOwnerHotkey::<Test>::insert(netuid, hotkey);
+//         assert_eq!(
+//             pallet_subtensor::SubnetOwnerHotkey::<Test>::get(netuid),
+//             hotkey
+//         );
+
+//         assert_ok!(AdminUtils::sudo_set_subnet_owner_hotkey(
+//             coldkey_origin,
+//             netuid,
+//             new_hotkey
+//         ));
+
+//         assert_eq!(
+//             pallet_subtensor::SubnetOwnerHotkey::<Test>::get(netuid),
+//             new_hotkey
+//         );
+
+//         assert_noop!(
+//             AdminUtils::sudo_set_subnet_owner_hotkey(random_account, netuid, new_hotkey),
+//             DispatchError::BadOrigin
+//         );
+
+//         assert_noop!(
+//             AdminUtils::sudo_set_subnet_owner_hotkey(root, netuid, new_hotkey),
+//             DispatchError::BadOrigin
+//         );
+//     });
+// }
 
 // cargo test --package pallet-admin-utils --lib -- tests::test_sudo_set_ema_halving --exact --show-output
 #[test]

From 13ddea74ddbf20ad8f9354a874ba46fb344c187e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Reed <87283488+JohnReedV@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2025 10:51:15 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 078/218] bump spec

---
 runtime/src/lib.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/runtime/src/lib.rs b/runtime/src/lib.rs
index 220c5354bb..3dab1bdf54 100644
--- a/runtime/src/lib.rs
+++ b/runtime/src/lib.rs
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ pub const VERSION: RuntimeVersion = RuntimeVersion {
     //   `spec_version`, and `authoring_version` are the same between Wasm and native.
     // This value is set to 100 to notify Polkadot-JS App (https://polkadot.js.org/apps) to use
     //   the compatible custom types.
-    spec_version: 326,
+    spec_version: 327,
     impl_version: 1,
     apis: RUNTIME_API_VERSIONS,
     transaction_version: 1,

From e4d802fe741cd0c6b2615c356f2a01436d292e14 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Loris Moulin <contact@lorismoulin.com>
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2025 15:01:14 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 079/218] make crowdloan finalizable when cap is reached but
 before end

---
 pallets/crowdloan/src/lib.rs   |  6 ++--
 pallets/crowdloan/src/tests.rs | 51 ----------------------------------
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 55 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/crowdloan/src/lib.rs b/pallets/crowdloan/src/lib.rs
index 3f5449a49c..b951a3ea2e 100644
--- a/pallets/crowdloan/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/crowdloan/src/lib.rs
@@ -565,14 +565,12 @@ pub mod pallet {
             #[pallet::compact] crowdloan_id: CrowdloanId,
         ) -> DispatchResult {
             let who = ensure_signed(origin)?;
-            let now = frame_system::Pallet::<T>::block_number();
 
             let mut crowdloan = Self::ensure_crowdloan_exists(crowdloan_id)?;
 
-            // Ensure the origin is the creator of the crowdloan and the crowdloan has ended,
-            // raised the cap and is not finalized.
+            // Ensure the origin is the creator of the crowdloan and the crowdloan has raised the cap
+            // and is not finalized.
             ensure!(who == crowdloan.creator, Error::<T>::InvalidOrigin);
-            ensure!(now >= crowdloan.end, Error::<T>::ContributionPeriodNotEnded);
             ensure!(crowdloan.raised == crowdloan.cap, Error::<T>::CapNotRaised);
             ensure!(!crowdloan.finalized, Error::<T>::AlreadyFinalized);
 
diff --git a/pallets/crowdloan/src/tests.rs b/pallets/crowdloan/src/tests.rs
index 1e03854b1f..95aa1dfc48 100644
--- a/pallets/crowdloan/src/tests.rs
+++ b/pallets/crowdloan/src/tests.rs
@@ -1147,9 +1147,6 @@ fn test_finalize_succeeds() {
                 amount
             ));
 
-            // run some more blocks past the end of the contribution period
-            run_to_block(60);
-
             // finalize the crowdloan
             assert_ok!(Crowdloan::finalize(
                 RuntimeOrigin::signed(creator),
@@ -1340,54 +1337,6 @@ fn test_finalize_fails_if_not_creator_origin() {
         });
 }
 
-#[test]
-fn test_finalize_fails_if_crowdloan_has_not_ended() {
-    TestState::default()
-        .with_balance(U256::from(1), 100)
-        .with_balance(U256::from(2), 100)
-        .build_and_execute(|| {
-            // create a crowdloan
-            let creator: AccountOf<Test> = U256::from(1);
-            let deposit: BalanceOf<Test> = 50;
-            let min_contribution: BalanceOf<Test> = 10;
-            let cap: BalanceOf<Test> = 100;
-            let end: BlockNumberFor<Test> = 50;
-
-            assert_ok!(Crowdloan::create(
-                RuntimeOrigin::signed(creator),
-                deposit,
-                min_contribution,
-                cap,
-                end,
-                Some(noop_call()),
-                None,
-            ));
-
-            // run some blocks
-            run_to_block(10);
-
-            // some contribution
-            let crowdloan_id: CrowdloanId = 0;
-            let contributor: AccountOf<Test> = U256::from(2);
-            let amount: BalanceOf<Test> = 50;
-
-            assert_ok!(Crowdloan::contribute(
-                RuntimeOrigin::signed(contributor),
-                crowdloan_id,
-                amount
-            ));
-
-            // run some more blocks before end of contribution period
-            run_to_block(10);
-
-            // try to finalize
-            assert_err!(
-                Crowdloan::finalize(RuntimeOrigin::signed(creator), crowdloan_id),
-                pallet_crowdloan::Error::<Test>::ContributionPeriodNotEnded
-            );
-        });
-}
-
 #[test]
 fn test_finalize_fails_if_crowdloan_cap_is_not_raised() {
     TestState::default()

From cef1fccf4c2696918addc881f7cba1c187031bde Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Loris Moulin <contact@lorismoulin.com>
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2025 15:05:22 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 080/218] make crowdloan refund before the end possible

---
 pallets/crowdloan/src/lib.rs   |  8 +++----
 pallets/crowdloan/src/tests.rs | 39 +++-------------------------------
 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 41 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/crowdloan/src/lib.rs b/pallets/crowdloan/src/lib.rs
index b951a3ea2e..b4bebd9cbe 100644
--- a/pallets/crowdloan/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/crowdloan/src/lib.rs
@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
             Ok(())
         }
 
-        /// Finalize a successful crowdloan.
+        /// Finalize crowdloan that has reached the cap.
         ///
         /// The call will transfer the raised amount to the target address if it was provided when the crowdloan was created
         /// and dispatch the call that was provided using the creator origin. The CurrentCrowdloanId will be set to the
@@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
             Ok(())
         }
 
-        /// Refund a failed crowdloan.
+        /// Refund a crowdloan that has not reached the cap and has ended.
         ///
         /// The call will try to refund all contributors (excluding the creator) up to the limit defined by the `RefundContributorsLimit`.
         /// If the limit is reached, the call will stop and the crowdloan will be marked as partially refunded.
@@ -635,13 +635,11 @@ pub mod pallet {
             origin: OriginFor<T>,
             #[pallet::compact] crowdloan_id: CrowdloanId,
         ) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
-            let now = frame_system::Pallet::<T>::block_number();
             ensure_signed(origin)?;
 
             let mut crowdloan = Self::ensure_crowdloan_exists(crowdloan_id)?;
 
-            // Ensure the crowdloan has ended and is not finalized
-            ensure!(now >= crowdloan.end, Error::<T>::ContributionPeriodNotEnded);
+            // Ensure the crowdloan is not finalized
             ensure!(!crowdloan.finalized, Error::<T>::AlreadyFinalized);
 
             let mut refunded_contributors: Vec<T::AccountId> = vec![];
diff --git a/pallets/crowdloan/src/tests.rs b/pallets/crowdloan/src/tests.rs
index 95aa1dfc48..bbc2c64795 100644
--- a/pallets/crowdloan/src/tests.rs
+++ b/pallets/crowdloan/src/tests.rs
@@ -1534,8 +1534,8 @@ fn test_refund_succeeds() {
                     .is_some_and(|c| c.contributors_count == 7)
             );
 
-            // run some more blocks past the end of the contribution period
-            run_to_block(60);
+            // run some more blocks before the end of the contribution period
+            run_to_block(20);
 
             //  first round of refund
             assert_ok!(Crowdloan::refund(
@@ -1563,7 +1563,7 @@ fn test_refund_succeeds() {
                 pallet_crowdloan::Event::<Test>::PartiallyRefunded { crowdloan_id }.into()
             );
 
-            // run some more blocks
+            // run some more blocks past the end of the contribution period
             run_to_block(70);
 
             //  second round of refund
@@ -1649,39 +1649,6 @@ fn test_refund_fails_if_crowdloan_does_not_exist() {
         });
 }
 
-#[test]
-fn test_refund_fails_if_crowdloan_has_not_ended() {
-    TestState::default()
-        .with_balance(U256::from(1), 100)
-        .build_and_execute(|| {
-            // create a crowdloan
-            let creator: AccountOf<Test> = U256::from(1);
-            let initial_deposit: BalanceOf<Test> = 50;
-            let min_contribution: BalanceOf<Test> = 10;
-            let cap: BalanceOf<Test> = 300;
-            let end: BlockNumberFor<Test> = 50;
-            assert_ok!(Crowdloan::create(
-                RuntimeOrigin::signed(creator),
-                initial_deposit,
-                min_contribution,
-                cap,
-                end,
-                Some(noop_call()),
-                None,
-            ));
-
-            // run some blocks
-            run_to_block(10);
-
-            // try to refund
-            let crowdloan_id: CrowdloanId = 0;
-            assert_err!(
-                Crowdloan::refund(RuntimeOrigin::signed(creator), crowdloan_id),
-                pallet_crowdloan::Error::<Test>::ContributionPeriodNotEnded
-            );
-        });
-}
-
 #[test]
 fn test_dissolve_succeeds() {
     TestState::default()

From 0736b0baa9a04c2b6332a434ca4b905df73f7832 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Loris Moulin <contact@lorismoulin.com>
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2025 15:08:41 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 081/218] fix comment

---
 pallets/crowdloan/src/lib.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/pallets/crowdloan/src/lib.rs b/pallets/crowdloan/src/lib.rs
index b4bebd9cbe..aa3d4950bc 100644
--- a/pallets/crowdloan/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/crowdloan/src/lib.rs
@@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
             Ok(())
         }
 
-        /// Refund a crowdloan that has not reached the cap and has ended.
+        /// Refund contributors of a non-finalized crowdloan.
         ///
         /// The call will try to refund all contributors (excluding the creator) up to the limit defined by the `RefundContributorsLimit`.
         /// If the limit is reached, the call will stop and the crowdloan will be marked as partially refunded.

From 7ccea37956a8cfcb3089e36d862d0f8d56fc6c2f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Loris Moulin <contact@lorismoulin.com>
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2025 15:40:24 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 082/218] bump spec version

---
 runtime/src/lib.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/runtime/src/lib.rs b/runtime/src/lib.rs
index 220c5354bb..293de80de8 100644
--- a/runtime/src/lib.rs
+++ b/runtime/src/lib.rs
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ pub const VERSION: RuntimeVersion = RuntimeVersion {
     //   `spec_version`, and `authoring_version` are the same between Wasm and native.
     // This value is set to 100 to notify Polkadot-JS App (https://polkadot.js.org/apps) to use
     //   the compatible custom types.
-    spec_version: 326,
+    spec_version: 328,
     impl_version: 1,
     apis: RUNTIME_API_VERSIONS,
     transaction_version: 1,

From 01f2000361e8f7e1a524b525994419cd907cb0b2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" <github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2025 20:04:03 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 083/218] auto-update benchmark weights

---
 pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs             | 4 ++--
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs | 6 +++---
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs b/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
index 7b46caff27..5f4a75f39a 100644
--- a/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
@@ -731,7 +731,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
         /// It is only callable by the root account.
         /// The extrinsic will call the Subtensor pallet to set the target registrations per interval.
         #[pallet::call_index(21)]
-        #[pallet::weight(Weight::from_parts(44_320_000, 0)
+        #[pallet::weight(Weight::from_parts(25_980_000, 0)
         .saturating_add(<T as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().reads(3_u64))
         .saturating_add(<T as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)))]
         pub fn sudo_set_target_registrations_per_interval(
@@ -1249,7 +1249,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
         /// The extrinsic will call the Subtensor pallet to set the minimum delegate take.
         #[pallet::call_index(46)]
         #[pallet::weight((
-            Weight::from_parts(5_000_000, 0).saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
+            Weight::from_parts(9_918_000, 0).saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
             DispatchClass::Operational,
             Pays::Yes
         ))]
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
index d16b93e320..839cbfeac7 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
@@ -1058,7 +1058,7 @@ mod dispatches {
         /// The extrinsic for user to change its hotkey in subnet or all subnets.
         #[pallet::call_index(70)]
         #[pallet::weight((Weight::from_parts(275_300_000, 0)
-        .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(47))
+        .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(49_u64))
         .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(37)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::No))]
         pub fn swap_hotkey(
             origin: OriginFor<T>,
@@ -2293,8 +2293,8 @@ mod dispatches {
         ///     - The hotkey account to designate as the autostake destination.
         #[pallet::call_index(114)]
         #[pallet::weight((Weight::from_parts(29_930_000, 0)
-		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(3_u64))
-		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::No))]
+		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(4_u64))
+		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(2_u64)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::No))]
         pub fn set_coldkey_auto_stake_hotkey(
             origin: T::RuntimeOrigin,
             netuid: NetUid,

From 51671dedfab54624c7f649b604972b3867c4f5e8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Greg Zaitsev <gregz@opentensor.dev>
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2025 16:47:32 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 084/218] Refactor childkeys/parentkeys, add migration to clean
 state

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/errors.rs        |   2 +
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/hooks.rs         |   4 +-
 .../src/migrations/migrate_fix_childkeys.rs   |  40 +
 pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/mod.rs       |   1 +
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/set_children.rs | 789 ++++++++++++++++--
 pallets/subtensor/src/swap/swap_hotkey.rs     |  63 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/children.rs       |  29 +
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_hotkey.rs    |  60 +-
 .../src/tests/swap_hotkey_with_subnet.rs      |  56 +-
 9 files changed, 903 insertions(+), 141 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_fix_childkeys.rs

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/errors.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/errors.rs
index e241ff068f..759e74f6e3 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/errors.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/errors.rs
@@ -262,5 +262,7 @@ mod errors {
         UidMapCouldNotBeCleared,
         /// Trimming would exceed the max immune neurons percentage
         TrimmingWouldExceedMaxImmunePercentage,
+        /// Violating the rules of Childkey-Parentkey consistency
+        ChildParentInconsistency,
     }
 }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/hooks.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/hooks.rs
index a055668f1a..f8e73d2cdb 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/hooks.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/hooks.rs
@@ -149,7 +149,9 @@ mod hooks {
                 // Migrate subnet locked balances
                 .saturating_add(migrations::migrate_subnet_locked::migrate_restore_subnet_locked::<T>())
                 // Migrate subnet burn cost to 2500
-                .saturating_add(migrations::migrate_network_lock_cost_2500::migrate_network_lock_cost_2500::<T>());
+                .saturating_add(migrations::migrate_network_lock_cost_2500::migrate_network_lock_cost_2500::<T>())
+                // Cleanup child/parent keys
+                .saturating_add(migrations::migrate_fix_childkeys::migrate_fix_childkeys::<T>());
             weight
         }
 
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_fix_childkeys.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_fix_childkeys.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cc0b6988e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_fix_childkeys.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+use super::*;
+use alloc::string::String;
+
+pub fn migrate_fix_childkeys<T: Config>() -> Weight {
+    let migration_name = b"migrate_fix_childkeys".to_vec();
+    let mut weight = T::DbWeight::get().reads(1);
+
+    if HasMigrationRun::<T>::get(&migration_name) {
+        log::info!(
+            "Migration '{:?}' has already run. Skipping.",
+            String::from_utf8_lossy(&migration_name)
+        );
+        return weight;
+    }
+
+    log::info!(
+        "Running migration '{}'",
+        String::from_utf8_lossy(&migration_name)
+    );
+
+    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    // Actual migration
+
+    Pallet::<T>::clean_zero_childkey_vectors(&mut weight);
+    Pallet::<T>::clean_zero_parentkey_vectors(&mut weight);
+    Pallet::<T>::clean_self_loops(&mut weight);
+    Pallet::<T>::repair_child_parent_consistency(&mut weight);
+
+    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+    HasMigrationRun::<T>::insert(&migration_name, true);
+    weight = weight.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1));
+
+    log::info!(
+        target: "runtime",
+        "Migration '{}' completed successfully.",
+        String::from_utf8_lossy(&migration_name)
+    );
+    weight
+}
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/mod.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/mod.rs
index b036783d9d..e92b86aa29 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/mod.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/mod.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ pub mod migrate_crv3_v2_to_timelocked;
 pub mod migrate_delete_subnet_21;
 pub mod migrate_delete_subnet_3;
 pub mod migrate_disable_commit_reveal;
+pub mod migrate_fix_childkeys;
 pub mod migrate_fix_is_network_member;
 pub mod migrate_fix_root_subnet_tao;
 pub mod migrate_fix_root_tao_and_alpha_in;
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/set_children.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/set_children.rs
index cf7103b7ab..9df7dbdf09 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/set_children.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/set_children.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,415 @@
 use super::*;
 
+use sp_std::collections::{btree_map::BTreeMap, btree_set::BTreeSet};
 use subtensor_runtime_common::NetUid;
 
+pub struct PCRelations<T: Config> {
+    /// The distinguished `hotkey` this structure is built around.
+    pivot: T::AccountId,
+    children: BTreeMap<T::AccountId, u64>,
+    parents: BTreeMap<T::AccountId, u64>,
+}
+
+impl<T: Config> PCRelations<T> {
+    /// Create empty relations for a given pivot.
+    pub fn new(hotkey: T::AccountId) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            pivot: hotkey,
+            children: BTreeMap::new(),
+            parents: BTreeMap::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    // Constraint checkers
+
+    /// Ensures sum(proportions) <= u64::MAX
+    pub fn ensure_total_proportions(children: &BTreeMap<T::AccountId, u64>) -> DispatchResult {
+        let total: u128 = children
+            .values()
+            .fold(0u128, |acc, &w| acc.saturating_add(w as u128));
+        ensure!(total <= u64::MAX as u128, Error::<T>::ProportionOverflow);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Ensure that the number of children does not exceed 5
+    pub fn ensure_childkey_count(children: &BTreeMap<T::AccountId, u64>) -> DispatchResult {
+        ensure!(children.len() <= 5, Error::<T>::TooManyChildren);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Ensures the given children or parent set doesn't contain pivot
+    pub fn ensure_no_self_loop(
+        pivot: &T::AccountId,
+        hotkey_set: &BTreeMap<T::AccountId, u64>,
+    ) -> DispatchResult {
+        ensure!(!hotkey_set.contains_key(pivot), Error::<T>::InvalidChild);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Ensures that children and parents sets do not have any overlap
+    pub fn ensure_bipartite_separation(
+        children: &BTreeMap<T::AccountId, u64>,
+        parents: &BTreeMap<T::AccountId, u64>,
+    ) -> DispatchResult {
+        let has_overlap = children.keys().any(|c| parents.contains_key(c));
+        ensure!(!has_overlap, Error::<T>::ChildParentInconsistency);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Validate that applying `pending_children_vec` to `relations` (as the new
+    /// pivot->children mapping) preserves all invariants.
+    ///
+    /// Checks:
+    /// 1) No self-loop: pivot must not appear among children.
+    /// 2) Sum of child proportions fits in `u64`.
+    /// 3) Bipartite role separation: no child may also be a parent.
+    pub fn ensure_pending_consistency(
+        &self,
+        pending_children_vec: &Vec<(u64, T::AccountId)>,
+    ) -> DispatchResult {
+        // Build a deduped children map (last proportion wins if duplicates present).
+        let mut new_children: BTreeMap<T::AccountId, u64> = BTreeMap::new();
+        for (prop, child) in pending_children_vec {
+            new_children.insert(child.clone(), *prop);
+        }
+
+        // Check constraints
+        Self::ensure_no_self_loop(&self.pivot, &new_children)?;
+        Self::ensure_childkey_count(&new_children)?;
+        Self::ensure_total_proportions(&new_children)?;
+        Self::ensure_bipartite_separation(&new_children, &self.parents)?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    // Getters
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn pivot(&self) -> &T::AccountId {
+        &self.pivot
+    }
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn children(&self) -> &BTreeMap<T::AccountId, u64> {
+        &self.children
+    }
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn parents(&self) -> &BTreeMap<T::AccountId, u64> {
+        &self.parents
+    }
+
+    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    // Safe updaters
+
+    /// Replace the pivot->children mapping after validating invariants.
+    ///
+    /// Invariants:
+    /// - No self-loop: child != pivot
+    /// - sum(proportions) fits in u64 (checked as u128 to avoid overflow mid-sum)
+    pub fn link_children(&mut self, new_children: BTreeMap<T::AccountId, u64>) -> DispatchResult {
+        // Check constraints
+        Self::ensure_no_self_loop(&self.pivot, &new_children)?;
+        Self::ensure_total_proportions(&new_children)?;
+        Self::ensure_bipartite_separation(&new_children, &self.parents)?;
+
+        self.children = new_children;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn link_parents(&mut self, new_parents: BTreeMap<T::AccountId, u64>) -> DispatchResult {
+        // Check constraints
+        Self::ensure_no_self_loop(&self.pivot, &new_parents)?;
+        Self::ensure_bipartite_separation(&self.children, &new_parents)?;
+
+        self.parents = new_parents;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn upsert_edge(list: &mut Vec<(u64, T::AccountId)>, proportion: u64, id: &T::AccountId) {
+        for (p, who) in list.iter_mut() {
+            if who == id {
+                *p = proportion;
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+        list.push((proportion, id.clone()));
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn remove_edge(list: &mut Vec<(u64, T::AccountId)>, id: &T::AccountId) {
+        list.retain(|(_, who)| who != id);
+    }
+
+    /// Change the pivot hotkey for these relations.
+    /// Ensures there are no self-loops with the new pivot.
+    pub fn rebind_pivot(&mut self, new_pivot: T::AccountId) -> DispatchResult {
+        // No self-loop via children or parents for the new pivot.
+        Self::ensure_no_self_loop(&new_pivot, &self.children)?;
+        Self::ensure_no_self_loop(&new_pivot, &self.parents)?;
+
+        self.pivot = new_pivot;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
 impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
+    /// Loads all records from ChildKeys and ParentKeys where (hotkey, netuid) is the key.
+    /// Produces a parent->(child->prop) adjacency map that **cannot violate**
+    /// the required consistency because all inserts go through `link`.
+    fn load_child_parent_relations(hotkey: &T::AccountId, netuid: NetUid) -> PCRelations<T> {
+        let mut rel = PCRelations::<T>::new(hotkey.clone());
+
+        // Load children: (prop, child) from ChildKeys(hotkey, netuid)
+        let child_links = ChildKeys::<T>::get(hotkey, netuid);
+        let mut children = BTreeMap::<T::AccountId, u64>::new();
+        for (prop, child) in child_links {
+            // Ignore any accidental self-loop in storage
+            if child != *hotkey {
+                children.insert(child, prop);
+            }
+        }
+        // Validate & set (enforce no self-loop and sum limit)
+        let _ = rel.link_children(children);
+
+        // Load parents: (prop, parent) from ParentKeys(hotkey, netuid)
+        let parent_links = ParentKeys::<T>::get(hotkey, netuid);
+        let mut parents = BTreeMap::<T::AccountId, u64>::new();
+        for (prop, parent) in parent_links {
+            if parent != *hotkey {
+                parents.insert(parent, prop);
+            }
+        }
+        // Keep the same validation rules for parents (no self-loop, bounded sum).
+        let _ = rel.link_parents(parents);
+
+        rel
+    }
+
+    /// Build a `PCRelations` for `pivot` (parent) from the `PendingChildKeys` queue,
+    /// preserving the current `ParentKeys(pivot, netuid)` so `persist_child_parent_relations`
+    /// won’t accidentally clear existing parents.
+    ///
+    /// PendingChildKeys layout:
+    ///   (netuid, pivot) -> (Vec<(proportion, child)>)
+    pub fn load_relations_from_pending(
+        pivot: T::AccountId,
+        pending_children_vec: &Vec<(u64, T::AccountId)>,
+        netuid: NetUid,
+    ) -> Result<PCRelations<T>, DispatchError> {
+        let mut rel = PCRelations::<T>::new(pivot.clone());
+
+        // Deduplicate into a BTreeMap<child, weight> (last wins if duplicates).
+        let mut children: BTreeMap<T::AccountId, u64> = BTreeMap::new();
+        for (prop, child) in pending_children_vec {
+            if *child != pivot {
+                children.insert(child.clone(), *prop);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Enforce invariants (no self-loop, total weight <= u64::MAX)
+        rel.link_children(children)?;
+
+        // Preserve the current parents of the pivot so `persist_child_parent_relations`
+        // won’t clear them when we only intend to update children.
+        let existing_parents_vec = ParentKeys::<T>::get(pivot.clone(), netuid);
+        let mut parents: BTreeMap<T::AccountId, u64> = BTreeMap::new();
+        for (w, parent) in existing_parents_vec {
+            if parent != pivot {
+                parents.insert(parent, w);
+            }
+        }
+        // This uses the same basic checks (no self-loop, bounded sum).
+        // If you didn't expose link_parents, inline the simple validations here.
+        rel.link_parents(parents)?;
+
+        Ok(rel)
+    }
+
+    /// Persist the `relations` around `hotkey` to storage, updating both directions:
+    /// - Writes ChildKeys(hotkey, netuid) = children
+    ///   and synchronizes ParentKeys(child, netuid) entries accordingly.
+    /// - Writes ParentKeys(hotkey, netuid) = parents
+    ///   and synchronizes ChildKeys(parent, netuid) entries accordingly.
+    ///
+    /// This is a **diff-based** update that only touches affected neighbors.
+    pub fn persist_child_parent_relations(
+        relations: PCRelations<T>,
+        netuid: NetUid,
+        weight: &mut Weight,
+    ) -> DispatchResult {
+        let pivot = relations.pivot().clone();
+
+        // ---------------------------
+        // 1) Pivot -> Children side
+        // ---------------------------
+        let new_children_map = relations.children();
+        let new_children_vec: Vec<(u64, T::AccountId)> = new_children_map
+            .iter()
+            .map(|(c, w)| (*w, c.clone()))
+            .collect();
+
+        let prev_children_vec = ChildKeys::<T>::get(&pivot, netuid);
+        weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(1, 0));
+
+        // Overwrite pivot's children vector
+        Self::set_childkeys(pivot.clone(), netuid, new_children_vec.clone());
+        weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(0, 1));
+
+        // Build quick-lookup sets for diffing
+        let prev_children_set: BTreeSet<T::AccountId> =
+            prev_children_vec.iter().map(|(_, c)| c.clone()).collect();
+        let new_children_set: BTreeSet<T::AccountId> = new_children_map.keys().cloned().collect();
+
+        // Added children = new / prev
+        for added in new_children_set
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|c| !prev_children_set.contains(*c))
+        {
+            let mut pk = ParentKeys::<T>::get(added.clone(), netuid);
+            let w = *new_children_map.get(added).expect("in set; qed");
+            PCRelations::<T>::upsert_edge(&mut pk, w, &pivot);
+            Self::set_parentkeys(added.clone(), netuid, pk.clone());
+            weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(1, 1));
+        }
+
+        // Updated children = intersection where proportion changed
+        for common in new_children_set.intersection(&prev_children_set) {
+            let new_p = *new_children_map.get(common).expect("in set; qed");
+            let mut pk = ParentKeys::<T>::get(common.clone(), netuid);
+            PCRelations::<T>::upsert_edge(&mut pk, new_p, &pivot);
+            Self::set_parentkeys(common.clone(), netuid, pk.clone());
+            weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(1, 1));
+        }
+
+        // Removed children = prev / new
+        for removed in prev_children_set
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|c| !new_children_set.contains(*c))
+        {
+            let mut pk = ParentKeys::<T>::get(&removed, netuid);
+            PCRelations::<T>::remove_edge(&mut pk, &pivot);
+            Self::set_parentkeys(removed.clone(), netuid, pk.clone());
+            weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(1, 1));
+        }
+
+        // ---------------------------
+        // 2) Parents -> Pivot side
+        // ---------------------------
+        let new_parents_map = relations.parents();
+        let new_parents_vec: Vec<(u64, T::AccountId)> = new_parents_map
+            .iter()
+            .map(|(p, w)| (*w, p.clone()))
+            .collect();
+
+        let prev_parents_vec = ParentKeys::<T>::get(&pivot, netuid);
+
+        // Overwrite pivot's parents vector
+        Self::set_parentkeys(pivot.clone(), netuid, new_parents_vec.clone());
+
+        let prev_parents_set: BTreeSet<T::AccountId> =
+            prev_parents_vec.iter().map(|(_, p)| p.clone()).collect();
+        let new_parents_set: BTreeSet<T::AccountId> = new_parents_map.keys().cloned().collect();
+
+        // Added parents = new / prev  => ensure ChildKeys(parent) has (w, pivot)
+        for added in new_parents_set
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|p| !prev_parents_set.contains(*p))
+        {
+            let mut ck = ChildKeys::<T>::get(added.clone(), netuid);
+            let w = *new_parents_map.get(added).expect("in set; qed");
+            PCRelations::<T>::upsert_edge(&mut ck, w, &pivot);
+            Self::set_childkeys(added.clone(), netuid, ck);
+            weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(1, 1));
+        }
+
+        // Updated parents = intersection where weight changed
+        for common in new_parents_set.intersection(&prev_parents_set) {
+            let new_w = *new_parents_map.get(common).expect("in set; qed");
+            let mut ck = ChildKeys::<T>::get(common.clone(), netuid);
+            PCRelations::<T>::upsert_edge(&mut ck, new_w, &pivot);
+            Self::set_childkeys(common.clone(), netuid, ck);
+            weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(1, 1));
+        }
+
+        // Removed parents = prev / new  => remove (pivot) from ChildKeys(parent)
+        for removed in prev_parents_set
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|p| !new_parents_set.contains(*p))
+        {
+            let mut ck = ChildKeys::<T>::get(removed.clone(), netuid);
+            PCRelations::<T>::remove_edge(&mut ck, &pivot);
+            Self::set_childkeys(removed.clone(), netuid, ck);
+            weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(1, 1));
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Swap all parent/child relations from `old_hotkey` to `new_hotkey` on `netuid`.
+    /// Steps:
+    ///  1) Load relations around `old_hotkey`
+    ///  2) Clean up storage references to `old_hotkey` (both directions)
+    ///  3) Rebind pivot to `new_hotkey`
+    ///  4) Persist relations around `new_hotkey`
+    pub fn parent_child_swap_hotkey(
+        old_hotkey: &T::AccountId,
+        new_hotkey: &T::AccountId,
+        netuid: NetUid,
+        weight: &mut Weight,
+    ) -> DispatchResult {
+        // 1) Load the current relations around old_hotkey
+        let mut relations = Self::load_child_parent_relations(old_hotkey, netuid);
+        weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(2, 0));
+
+        // 2) Clean up all storage entries that reference old_hotkey
+        //    2a) For each child of old_hotkey: remove old_hotkey from ParentKeys(child, netuid)
+        for (child, _) in relations.children().iter() {
+            let mut pk = ParentKeys::<T>::get(child.clone(), netuid);
+            PCRelations::<T>::remove_edge(&mut pk, old_hotkey);
+            Self::set_parentkeys(child.clone(), netuid, pk.clone());
+            weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(1, 1));
+        }
+        //    2b) For each parent of old_hotkey: remove old_hotkey from ChildKeys(parent, netuid)
+        for (parent, _) in relations.parents().iter() {
+            let mut ck = ChildKeys::<T>::get(parent.clone(), netuid);
+            PCRelations::<T>::remove_edge(&mut ck, old_hotkey);
+            ChildKeys::<T>::insert(parent.clone(), netuid, ck);
+            weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(1, 1));
+        }
+        //    2c) Clear direct maps of old_hotkey
+        ChildKeys::<T>::insert(
+            old_hotkey.clone(),
+            netuid,
+            Vec::<(u64, T::AccountId)>::new(),
+        );
+        Self::set_parentkeys(
+            old_hotkey.clone(),
+            netuid,
+            Vec::<(u64, T::AccountId)>::new(),
+        );
+        weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(0, 2));
+
+        // 3) Rebind pivot to new_hotkey (validate no self-loop with existing maps)
+        relations.rebind_pivot(new_hotkey.clone())?;
+
+        // 4) Swap PendingChildKeys( netuid, parent ) --> Vec<(proportion,child), cool_down_block>
+        // Fail if consistency breaks
+        if PendingChildKeys::<T>::contains_key(netuid, old_hotkey) {
+            let (children, cool_down_block) = PendingChildKeys::<T>::get(netuid, old_hotkey);
+            relations.ensure_pending_consistency(&children)?;
+
+            PendingChildKeys::<T>::remove(netuid, old_hotkey);
+            PendingChildKeys::<T>::insert(netuid, new_hotkey, (children, cool_down_block));
+            weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(1, 2));
+        }
+
+        // 5) Persist relations under the new pivot (diffs vs existing state at new_hotkey)
+        Self::persist_child_parent_relations(relations, netuid, weight)
+    }
+
     /// ---- The implementation for the extrinsic do_set_child_singular: Sets a single child.
     /// This function allows a coldkey to set children keys.
     ///
@@ -70,19 +477,6 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             Error::<T>::NonAssociatedColdKey
         );
 
-        // Ensure that the number of children does not exceed 5.
-        ensure!(children.len() <= 5, Error::<T>::TooManyChildren);
-
-        // Ensure that each child is not the hotkey.
-        for (_, child_i) in &children {
-            ensure!(child_i != &hotkey, Error::<T>::InvalidChild);
-        }
-        // Ensure that the sum of the proportions does not exceed u64::MAX.
-        let _total_proportion: u64 = children
-            .iter()
-            .try_fold(0u64, |acc, &(proportion, _)| acc.checked_add(proportion))
-            .ok_or(Error::<T>::ProportionOverflow)?;
-
         // Ensure there are no duplicates in the list of children.
         let mut unique_children = Vec::new();
         for (_, child_i) in &children {
@@ -93,6 +487,14 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             unique_children.push(child_i.clone());
         }
 
+        // Ensure we don't break consistency when these new childkeys are set:
+        //  - Ensure that the number of children does not exceed 5
+        //  - Each child is not the hotkey.
+        //  - The sum of the proportions does not exceed u64::MAX.
+        //  - Bipartite separation (no A <-> B relations)
+        let relations = Self::load_child_parent_relations(&hotkey, netuid);
+        relations.ensure_pending_consistency(&children)?;
+
         // Check that the parent key has at least the minimum own stake
         // if children vector is not empty
         // (checking with check_weights_min_stake wouldn't work because it considers
@@ -165,60 +567,29 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         PendingChildKeys::<T>::iter_prefix(netuid).for_each(
             |(hotkey, (children, cool_down_block))| {
                 if cool_down_block < current_block {
-                    // Erase myself from old children's parents.
-                    let old_children: Vec<(u64, T::AccountId)> =
-                        ChildKeys::<T>::get(hotkey.clone(), netuid);
-
-                    // Iterate over all my old children and remove myself from their parent's map.
-                    for (_, old_child_i) in old_children.clone().iter() {
-                        // Get the old child's parents on this network.
-                        let my_old_child_parents: Vec<(u64, T::AccountId)> =
-                            ParentKeys::<T>::get(old_child_i.clone(), netuid);
-
-                        // Filter my hotkey from my old children's parents list.
-                        let filtered_parents: Vec<(u64, T::AccountId)> = my_old_child_parents
-                            .into_iter()
-                            .filter(|(_, parent)| *parent != hotkey)
-                            .collect();
-
-                        // Update the parent list in storage
-                        ParentKeys::<T>::insert(old_child_i, netuid, filtered_parents);
-                    }
-
-                    // Insert my new children + proportion list into the map.
-                    ChildKeys::<T>::insert(hotkey.clone(), netuid, children.clone());
-
-                    // Update the parents list for my new children.
-                    for (proportion, new_child_i) in children.clone().iter() {
-                        // Get the child's parents on this network.
-                        let mut new_child_previous_parents: Vec<(u64, T::AccountId)> =
-                            ParentKeys::<T>::get(new_child_i.clone(), netuid);
-
-                        // Append my hotkey and proportion to my new child's parents list.
-                        // NOTE: There are no duplicates possible because I previously removed my self from my old children.
-                        new_child_previous_parents.push((*proportion, hotkey.clone()));
-
-                        // Update the parents list in storage.
-                        ParentKeys::<T>::insert(
-                            new_child_i.clone(),
-                            netuid,
-                            new_child_previous_parents,
-                        );
+                    // If child-parent consistency is broken, we will fail setting new children silently
+                    let maybe_relations =
+                        Self::load_relations_from_pending(hotkey.clone(), &children, netuid);
+                    if let Ok(relations) = maybe_relations {
+                        let mut _weight: Weight = T::DbWeight::get().reads(0);
+                        if let Ok(()) =
+                            Self::persist_child_parent_relations(relations, netuid, &mut _weight)
+                        {
+                            // Log and emit event.
+                            log::trace!(
+                                "SetChildren( netuid:{:?}, hotkey:{:?}, children:{:?} )",
+                                hotkey,
+                                netuid,
+                                children.clone()
+                            );
+                            Self::deposit_event(Event::SetChildren(
+                                hotkey.clone(),
+                                netuid,
+                                children.clone(),
+                            ));
+                        }
                     }
 
-                    // Log and emit event.
-                    log::trace!(
-                        "SetChildren( netuid:{:?}, hotkey:{:?}, children:{:?} )",
-                        hotkey,
-                        netuid,
-                        children.clone()
-                    );
-                    Self::deposit_event(Event::SetChildren(
-                        hotkey.clone(),
-                        netuid,
-                        children.clone(),
-                    ));
-
                     // Remove pending children
                     PendingChildKeys::<T>::remove(netuid, hotkey);
                 }
@@ -357,4 +728,292 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     pub fn get_childkey_take(hotkey: &T::AccountId, netuid: NetUid) -> u16 {
         ChildkeyTake::<T>::get(hotkey, netuid)
     }
+
+    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    // State cleaners (for use in migration)
+    // TODO: Deprecate when the state is clean for a while
+
+    pub fn clean_zero_childkey_vectors(weight: &mut Weight) {
+        // Collect keys to delete first to avoid mutating while iterating.
+        let mut to_remove: Vec<(T::AccountId, NetUid)> = Vec::new();
+
+        for (parent, netuid, children) in ChildKeys::<T>::iter() {
+            // Account for the read
+            *weight = weight.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(1));
+
+            if children.is_empty() {
+                to_remove.push((parent, netuid));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Remove all empty entries
+        for (parent, netuid) in &to_remove {
+            ChildKeys::<T>::remove(parent, netuid);
+            // Account for the write
+            *weight = weight.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1));
+        }
+        log::info!(
+            target: "runtime",
+            "Removed {} empty childkey vectors.",
+            to_remove.len()
+        );
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_childkeys(
+        parent: T::AccountId,
+        netuid: NetUid,
+        childkey_vec: Vec<(u64, T::AccountId)>,
+    ) {
+        if childkey_vec.is_empty() {
+            ChildKeys::<T>::remove(parent, netuid);
+        } else {
+            ChildKeys::<T>::insert(parent, netuid, childkey_vec);
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_parentkeys(
+        child: T::AccountId,
+        netuid: NetUid,
+        parentkey_vec: Vec<(u64, T::AccountId)>,
+    ) {
+        if parentkey_vec.is_empty() {
+            ParentKeys::<T>::remove(child, netuid);
+        } else {
+            ParentKeys::<T>::insert(child, netuid, parentkey_vec);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Remove self-loops in `ChildKeys` and `ParentKeys`.
+    /// If, after removal, a value-vector becomes empty, the storage key is removed.
+    pub fn clean_self_loops(weight: &mut Weight) {
+        // -------------------------------
+        // 1) ChildKeys: (parent, netuid) -> Vec<(w, child)>
+        //    Remove any entries where child == parent.
+        // -------------------------------
+        let mut to_update_ck: Vec<((T::AccountId, NetUid), Vec<(u64, T::AccountId)>)> = Vec::new();
+        let mut to_remove_ck: Vec<(T::AccountId, NetUid)> = Vec::new();
+
+        for (parent, netuid, children) in ChildKeys::<T>::iter() {
+            *weight = weight.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(1));
+
+            // Filter out self-loops
+            let filtered: Vec<(u64, T::AccountId)> = children
+                .clone()
+                .into_iter()
+                .filter(|(_, c)| *c != parent)
+                .collect();
+
+            // If nothing changed, skip
+            // (we can detect by comparing lengths; safer is to re-check if any removed existed)
+            // For simplicity, just compare lengths:
+            // If len unchanged and the previous vector had no self-loop, skip.
+            // If there *was* a self-loop and filtered is empty, we'll remove the key.
+            if filtered.len() == children.len() {
+                // No change -> continue
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if filtered.is_empty() {
+                to_remove_ck.push((parent, netuid));
+            } else {
+                to_update_ck.push(((parent, netuid), filtered));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Apply ChildKeys updates/removals
+        for ((parent, netuid), new_vec) in &to_update_ck {
+            Self::set_childkeys(parent.clone(), *netuid, new_vec.clone());
+            *weight = weight.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1));
+        }
+        for (parent, netuid) in &to_remove_ck {
+            ChildKeys::<T>::remove(parent, netuid);
+            *weight = weight.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1));
+        }
+        log::info!(
+            target: "runtime",
+            "Removed {} self-looping childkeys.",
+            to_update_ck.len().saturating_add(to_remove_ck.len())
+        );
+
+        // -------------------------------
+        // 2) ParentKeys: (child, netuid) -> Vec<(w, parent)>
+        //    Remove any entries where parent == child.
+        // -------------------------------
+        let mut to_update_pk: Vec<((T::AccountId, NetUid), Vec<(u64, T::AccountId)>)> = Vec::new();
+        let mut to_remove_pk: Vec<(T::AccountId, NetUid)> = Vec::new();
+
+        for (child, netuid, parents) in ParentKeys::<T>::iter() {
+            *weight = weight.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(1));
+
+            // Filter out self-loops
+            let filtered: Vec<(u64, T::AccountId)> = parents
+                .clone()
+                .into_iter()
+                .filter(|(_, p)| *p != child)
+                .collect();
+
+            // If unchanged, skip
+            if filtered.len() == parents.len() {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if filtered.is_empty() {
+                to_remove_pk.push((child, netuid));
+            } else {
+                to_update_pk.push(((child, netuid), filtered));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Apply ParentKeys updates/removals
+        for ((child, netuid), new_vec) in &to_update_pk {
+            Self::set_parentkeys(child.clone(), *netuid, new_vec.clone());
+            *weight = weight.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1));
+        }
+        for (child, netuid) in &to_remove_pk {
+            ParentKeys::<T>::remove(child, netuid);
+            *weight = weight.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1));
+        }
+        log::info!(
+            target: "runtime",
+            "Removed {} self-looping parentkeys.",
+            to_update_pk.len().saturating_add(to_remove_pk.len())
+        );
+    }
+
+    pub fn clean_zero_parentkey_vectors(weight: &mut Weight) {
+        // Collect keys to delete first to avoid mutating while iterating.
+        let mut to_remove: Vec<(T::AccountId, NetUid)> = Vec::new();
+
+        for (parent, netuid, children) in ParentKeys::<T>::iter() {
+            // Account for the read
+            *weight = weight.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(1));
+
+            if children.is_empty() {
+                to_remove.push((parent, netuid));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Remove all empty entries
+        for (parent, netuid) in &to_remove {
+            ParentKeys::<T>::remove(parent, netuid);
+            // Account for the write
+            *weight = weight.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1));
+        }
+        log::info!(
+            target: "runtime",
+            "Removed {} empty parentkey vectors.",
+            to_remove.len()
+        );
+    }
+
+    /// Make ChildKeys and ParentKeys bidirectionally consistent by
+    /// **removing** entries that don't have a matching counterpart.
+    /// A match means the exact tuple `(p, other_id)` is present on the opposite map.
+    ///
+    /// Rules:
+    /// - For each (parent, netuid) -> [(p, child)...] in ChildKeys:
+    ///   keep only those (p, child) that appear in ParentKeys(child, netuid) as (p, parent).
+    ///   If resulting list is empty, remove the key.
+    /// - For each (child, netuid) -> [(p, parent)...] in ParentKeys:
+    ///   keep only those (p, parent) that appear in ChildKeys(parent, netuid) as (p, child).
+    ///   If resulting list is empty, remove the key.
+    pub fn repair_child_parent_consistency(weight: &mut Weight) {
+        // -------------------------------
+        // 1) Prune ChildKeys by checking ParentKeys
+        // -------------------------------
+        let mut ck_updates: Vec<((T::AccountId, NetUid), Vec<(u64, T::AccountId)>)> = Vec::new();
+        let mut ck_removes: Vec<(T::AccountId, NetUid)> = Vec::new();
+
+        for (parent, netuid, children) in ChildKeys::<T>::iter() {
+            *weight = weight.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(1));
+
+            // Keep (p, child) only if ParentKeys(child, netuid) contains (p, parent)
+            let mut filtered: Vec<(u64, T::AccountId)> = Vec::with_capacity(children.len());
+            for (p, child) in children.clone().into_iter() {
+                let rev = ParentKeys::<T>::get(&child, netuid);
+                *weight = weight.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(1));
+                let has_match = rev.iter().any(|(pr, pa)| *pr == p && *pa == parent);
+                if has_match {
+                    filtered.push((p, child));
+                }
+            }
+
+            if filtered.is_empty() {
+                ck_removes.push((parent, netuid));
+            } else {
+                // Only write if changed
+                if children != filtered {
+                    ck_updates.push(((parent, netuid), filtered));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        for ((parent, netuid), new_vec) in &ck_updates {
+            Self::set_childkeys(parent.clone(), *netuid, new_vec.clone());
+            *weight = weight.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1));
+        }
+        for (parent, netuid) in &ck_removes {
+            ChildKeys::<T>::remove(parent, netuid);
+            *weight = weight.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1));
+        }
+        log::info!(
+            target: "runtime",
+            "Updated {} childkey inconsistent records.",
+            ck_updates.len()
+        );
+        log::info!(
+            target: "runtime",
+            "Removed {} childkey inconsistent records.",
+            ck_removes.len()
+        );
+
+        // -------------------------------
+        // 2) Prune ParentKeys by checking ChildKeys
+        // -------------------------------
+        let mut pk_updates: Vec<((T::AccountId, NetUid), Vec<(u64, T::AccountId)>)> = Vec::new();
+        let mut pk_removes: Vec<(T::AccountId, NetUid)> = Vec::new();
+
+        for (child, netuid, parents) in ParentKeys::<T>::iter() {
+            *weight = weight.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(1));
+
+            // Keep (p, parent) only if ChildKeys(parent, netuid) contains (p, child)
+            let mut filtered: Vec<(u64, T::AccountId)> = Vec::with_capacity(parents.len());
+            for (p, parent) in parents.clone().into_iter() {
+                let fwd = ChildKeys::<T>::get(&parent, netuid);
+                *weight = weight.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(1));
+                let has_match = fwd.iter().any(|(pr, ch)| *pr == p && *ch == child);
+                if has_match {
+                    filtered.push((p, parent));
+                }
+            }
+
+            if filtered.is_empty() {
+                pk_removes.push((child, netuid));
+            } else {
+                // Only write if changed
+                if parents != filtered {
+                    pk_updates.push(((child, netuid), filtered));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        for ((child, netuid), new_vec) in &pk_updates {
+            Self::set_parentkeys(child.clone(), *netuid, new_vec.clone());
+            *weight = weight.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1));
+        }
+        for (child, netuid) in &pk_removes {
+            ParentKeys::<T>::remove(child, netuid);
+            *weight = weight.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1));
+        }
+        log::info!(
+            target: "runtime",
+            "Updated {} parentkey inconsistent records.",
+            pk_updates.len()
+        );
+        log::info!(
+            target: "runtime",
+            "Removed {} parentkey inconsistent records.",
+            pk_removes.len()
+        );
+    }
 }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/swap/swap_hotkey.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/swap/swap_hotkey.rs
index 82a16bc800..5f617a11e0 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/swap/swap_hotkey.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/swap/swap_hotkey.rs
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
 
         // 5. execute the hotkey swap on all subnets
         for netuid in Self::get_all_subnet_netuids() {
-            Self::perform_hotkey_swap_on_one_subnet(old_hotkey, new_hotkey, weight, netuid);
+            Self::perform_hotkey_swap_on_one_subnet(old_hotkey, new_hotkey, weight, netuid)?;
         }
 
         // 6. Swap LastTxBlock
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         }
 
         // 9. Perform the hotkey swap
-        Self::perform_hotkey_swap_on_one_subnet(old_hotkey, new_hotkey, &mut weight, netuid);
+        Self::perform_hotkey_swap_on_one_subnet(old_hotkey, new_hotkey, &mut weight, netuid)?;
 
         // 10. Update the last transaction block for the coldkey
         Self::set_last_tx_block(coldkey, block);
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         new_hotkey: &T::AccountId,
         weight: &mut Weight,
         netuid: NetUid,
-    ) {
+    ) -> DispatchResult {
         // 1. Swap total hotkey alpha for all subnets it exists on.
         // TotalHotkeyAlpha( hotkey, netuid ) -> alpha -- the total alpha that the hotkey has on a specific subnet.
         let alpha = TotalHotkeyAlpha::<T>::take(old_hotkey, netuid);
@@ -450,62 +450,9 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             }
         }
         // 4. Swap ChildKeys.
-        // ChildKeys( parent, netuid ) --> Vec<(proportion,child)> -- the child keys of the parent.
-        let my_children: Vec<(u64, T::AccountId)> = ChildKeys::<T>::get(old_hotkey, netuid);
-        // Remove the old hotkey's child entries
-        ChildKeys::<T>::remove(old_hotkey, netuid);
-        // Insert the same child entries for the new hotkey
-        ChildKeys::<T>::insert(new_hotkey, netuid, my_children.clone());
-        weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(1, 2));
-
-        for (_, child_key_i) in my_children {
-            // For each child, update their parent list
-            let mut child_parents: Vec<(u64, T::AccountId)> =
-                ParentKeys::<T>::get(child_key_i.clone(), netuid);
-            for parent in child_parents.iter_mut() {
-                // If the parent is the old hotkey, replace it with the new hotkey
-                if parent.1 == *old_hotkey {
-                    parent.1 = new_hotkey.clone();
-                }
-            }
-            // Update the child's parent list
-            ParentKeys::<T>::insert(child_key_i, netuid, child_parents);
-            weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(1, 1));
-        }
-        // }
-
         // 5. Swap ParentKeys.
-        // ParentKeys( child, netuid ) --> Vec<(proportion,parent)> -- the parent keys of the child.
-        let parents: Vec<(u64, T::AccountId)> = ParentKeys::<T>::get(old_hotkey, netuid);
-        // Remove the old hotkey's parent entries
-        ParentKeys::<T>::remove(old_hotkey, netuid);
-        // Insert the same parent entries for the new hotkey
-        ParentKeys::<T>::insert(new_hotkey, netuid, parents.clone());
-        weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(1, 2));
-
-        for (_, parent_key_i) in parents {
-            // For each parent, update their children list
-            let mut parent_children: Vec<(u64, T::AccountId)> =
-                ChildKeys::<T>::get(parent_key_i.clone(), netuid);
-            for child in parent_children.iter_mut() {
-                // If the child is the old hotkey, replace it with the new hotkey
-                if child.1 == *old_hotkey {
-                    child.1 = new_hotkey.clone();
-                }
-            }
-            // Update the parent's children list
-            ChildKeys::<T>::insert(parent_key_i, netuid, parent_children);
-            weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(1, 1));
-        }
-
         // 6. Swap PendingChildKeys.
-        // PendingChildKeys( netuid, parent ) --> Vec<(proportion,child), cool_down_block>
-        if PendingChildKeys::<T>::contains_key(netuid, old_hotkey) {
-            let (children, cool_down_block) = PendingChildKeys::<T>::get(netuid, old_hotkey);
-            PendingChildKeys::<T>::remove(netuid, old_hotkey);
-            PendingChildKeys::<T>::insert(netuid, new_hotkey, (children, cool_down_block));
-            weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(1, 2));
-        }
+        Self::parent_child_swap_hotkey(old_hotkey, new_hotkey, netuid, weight)?;
 
         // Also check for others with our hotkey as a child
         for (hotkey, (children, cool_down_block)) in PendingChildKeys::<T>::iter_prefix(netuid) {
@@ -596,5 +543,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                 }
             }
         }
+
+        Ok(())
     }
 }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/children.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/children.rs
index 0fee0af2ca..45fba25c2b 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/children.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/children.rs
@@ -4170,3 +4170,32 @@ fn test_do_set_childkey_take_rate_limit_exceeded() {
         ));
     });
 }
+
+// SKIP_WASM_BUILD=1 RUST_LOG=debug cargo test --package pallet-subtensor --lib -- tests::children::test_set_child_keys_empty_vector_clears_storage --exact --show-output
+#[test]
+fn test_set_child_keys_empty_vector_clears_storage() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let sn_owner_hotkey = U256::from(1001);
+        let sn_owner_coldkey = U256::from(1002);
+        let parent = U256::from(1);
+        let child = U256::from(2);
+        let netuid = add_dynamic_network(&sn_owner_hotkey, &sn_owner_coldkey);
+
+        // Initialize ChildKeys for `parent` with a non-empty vector
+        ChildKeys::<Test>::insert(parent, netuid, vec![(u64::MAX, child)]);
+
+        // Sanity: entry exists right now because we explicitly inserted it
+        assert!(ChildKeys::<Test>::contains_key(parent, netuid));
+
+        // Set children to empty
+        let empty_children: Vec<(u64, U256)> = Vec::new();
+        mock_set_children_no_epochs(netuid, &parent, &empty_children);
+
+        // When the child vector is empty, we should NOT keep an empty vec in storage.
+        // The key must be fully removed (no entry), not just zero-length value.
+        assert!(!ChildKeys::<Test>::contains_key(parent, netuid));
+
+        // `get` returns empty due to ValueQuery default, but presence is false.
+        assert!(ChildKeys::<Test>::get(parent, netuid).is_empty());
+    });
+}
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_hotkey.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_hotkey.rs
index 5991baf07a..877c8b8720 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_hotkey.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_hotkey.rs
@@ -1273,14 +1273,10 @@ fn test_swap_complex_parent_child_structure() {
         assert!(ChildKeys::<Test>::get(old_hotkey, netuid).is_empty());
 
         // Verify parent's ChildKeys update
-        assert_eq!(
-            ChildKeys::<Test>::get(parent1, netuid),
-            vec![(100u64, new_hotkey), (500u64, U256::from(8))]
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            ChildKeys::<Test>::get(parent2, netuid),
-            vec![(200u64, new_hotkey), (600u64, U256::from(9))]
-        );
+        assert!(ChildKeys::<Test>::get(parent1, netuid).contains(&(500u64, U256::from(8))),);
+        assert!(ChildKeys::<Test>::get(parent1, netuid).contains(&(100u64, new_hotkey)),);
+        assert!(ChildKeys::<Test>::get(parent2, netuid).contains(&(600u64, U256::from(9))),);
+        assert!(ChildKeys::<Test>::get(parent2, netuid).contains(&(200u64, new_hotkey)),);
     });
 }
 
@@ -1292,7 +1288,7 @@ fn test_swap_parent_hotkey_childkey_maps() {
         let coldkey = U256::from(2);
         let child = U256::from(3);
         let child_other = U256::from(4);
-        let parent_new = U256::from(4);
+        let parent_new = U256::from(5);
         add_network(netuid, 1, 0);
         SubtensorModule::create_account_if_non_existent(&coldkey, &parent_old);
 
@@ -1465,3 +1461,49 @@ fn test_swap_hotkey_swap_rate_limits() {
         );
     });
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn test_swap_parent_hotkey_self_loops_in_pending() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let netuid = NetUid::from(1);
+        let parent_old = U256::from(1);
+        let coldkey = U256::from(2);
+        let child = U256::from(3);
+        let child_other = U256::from(4);
+
+        // Same as child_other, so it will self-loop when pending is set. Should fail.
+        let parent_new = U256::from(4);
+        add_network(netuid, 1, 0);
+        SubtensorModule::create_account_if_non_existent(&coldkey, &parent_old);
+
+        // Set child and verify state maps
+        mock_set_children(&coldkey, &parent_old, netuid, &[(u64::MAX, child)]);
+        // Wait rate limit
+        step_rate_limit(&TransactionType::SetChildren, netuid);
+        // Schedule some pending child keys.
+        mock_schedule_children(&coldkey, &parent_old, netuid, &[(u64::MAX, child_other)]);
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            ParentKeys::<Test>::get(child, netuid),
+            vec![(u64::MAX, parent_old)]
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            ChildKeys::<Test>::get(parent_old, netuid),
+            vec![(u64::MAX, child)]
+        );
+        let existing_pending_child_keys = PendingChildKeys::<Test>::get(netuid, parent_old);
+        assert_eq!(existing_pending_child_keys.0, vec![(u64::MAX, child_other)]);
+
+        // Swap
+        let mut weight = Weight::zero();
+        assert_err!(
+            SubtensorModule::perform_hotkey_swap_on_all_subnets(
+                &parent_old,
+                &parent_new,
+                &coldkey,
+                &mut weight
+            ),
+            Error::<Test>::InvalidChild
+        );
+    })
+}
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_hotkey_with_subnet.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_hotkey_with_subnet.rs
index c7baa55387..740f3e97fa 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_hotkey_with_subnet.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_hotkey_with_subnet.rs
@@ -1129,6 +1129,48 @@ fn test_swap_child_keys() {
     });
 }
 
+// SKIP_WASM_BUILD=1 RUST_LOG=debug cargo test --package pallet-subtensor --lib -- tests::swap_hotkey_with_subnet::test_swap_child_keys_self_loop --exact --show-output
+#[test]
+fn test_swap_child_keys_self_loop() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let old_hotkey = U256::from(1);
+        let new_hotkey = U256::from(2);
+        let coldkey = U256::from(3);
+        let netuid = add_dynamic_network(&old_hotkey, &coldkey);
+        let amount = AlphaCurrency::from(12345);
+        SubtensorModule::add_balance_to_coldkey_account(&coldkey, u64::MAX);
+
+        // Only for checking
+        TotalHotkeyAlpha::<Test>::insert(old_hotkey, netuid, AlphaCurrency::from(amount));
+
+        let children = vec![(200u64, new_hotkey)];
+
+        // Initialize ChildKeys for old_hotkey
+        ChildKeys::<Test>::insert(old_hotkey, netuid, children.clone());
+
+        // Perform the swap extrinsic
+        System::set_block_number(System::block_number() + HotkeySwapOnSubnetInterval::get());
+        assert_err!(
+            SubtensorModule::swap_hotkey(
+                RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),
+                old_hotkey,
+                new_hotkey,
+                Some(netuid)
+            ),
+            Error::<Test>::InvalidChild
+        );
+
+        // Verify the swap didn't happen
+        assert_eq!(ChildKeys::<Test>::get(old_hotkey, netuid), children);
+        assert!(ChildKeys::<Test>::get(new_hotkey, netuid).is_empty());
+        assert_eq!(TotalHotkeyAlpha::<Test>::get(old_hotkey, netuid), amount);
+        assert_eq!(
+            TotalHotkeyAlpha::<Test>::get(new_hotkey, netuid),
+            AlphaCurrency::from(0)
+        );
+    });
+}
+
 // SKIP_WASM_BUILD=1 RUST_LOG=debug cargo test --test swap_hotkey_with_subnet -- test_swap_parent_keys --exact --nocapture
 #[test]
 fn test_swap_parent_keys() {
@@ -1273,14 +1315,10 @@ fn test_swap_complex_parent_child_structure() {
         assert!(ChildKeys::<Test>::get(old_hotkey, netuid).is_empty());
 
         // Verify parent's ChildKeys update
-        assert_eq!(
-            ChildKeys::<Test>::get(parent1, netuid),
-            vec![(100u64, new_hotkey), (500u64, U256::from(8))]
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            ChildKeys::<Test>::get(parent2, netuid),
-            vec![(200u64, new_hotkey), (600u64, U256::from(9))]
-        );
+        assert!(ChildKeys::<Test>::get(parent1, netuid).contains(&(500u64, U256::from(8))),);
+        assert!(ChildKeys::<Test>::get(parent1, netuid).contains(&(100u64, new_hotkey)),);
+        assert!(ChildKeys::<Test>::get(parent2, netuid).contains(&(600u64, U256::from(9))),);
+        assert!(ChildKeys::<Test>::get(parent2, netuid).contains(&(200u64, new_hotkey)),);
     });
 }
 
@@ -1291,7 +1329,7 @@ fn test_swap_parent_hotkey_childkey_maps() {
         let coldkey = U256::from(2);
         let child = U256::from(3);
         let child_other = U256::from(4);
-        let parent_new = U256::from(4);
+        let parent_new = U256::from(5);
 
         let netuid = add_dynamic_network(&parent_old, &coldkey);
         SubtensorModule::add_balance_to_coldkey_account(&coldkey, u64::MAX);

From 21b9671e21520da393289b1eb350c3a0107535db Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Greg Zaitsev <gregz@opentensor.dev>
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2025 16:55:16 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 085/218] Move and document set_childkeys and set_parentkeys

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/set_children.rs | 46 +++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 22 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/set_children.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/set_children.rs
index 9df7dbdf09..e28b1d8b92 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/set_children.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/set_children.rs
@@ -156,6 +156,28 @@ impl<T: Config> PCRelations<T> {
 }
 
 impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
+    /// Set childkeys vector making sure there are no empty vectors in the state
+    fn set_childkeys(parent: T::AccountId, netuid: NetUid, childkey_vec: Vec<(u64, T::AccountId)>) {
+        if childkey_vec.is_empty() {
+            ChildKeys::<T>::remove(parent, netuid);
+        } else {
+            ChildKeys::<T>::insert(parent, netuid, childkey_vec);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Set parentkeys vector making sure there are no empty vectors in the state
+    fn set_parentkeys(
+        child: T::AccountId,
+        netuid: NetUid,
+        parentkey_vec: Vec<(u64, T::AccountId)>,
+    ) {
+        if parentkey_vec.is_empty() {
+            ParentKeys::<T>::remove(child, netuid);
+        } else {
+            ParentKeys::<T>::insert(child, netuid, parentkey_vec);
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Loads all records from ChildKeys and ParentKeys where (hotkey, netuid) is the key.
     /// Produces a parent->(child->prop) adjacency map that **cannot violate**
     /// the required consistency because all inserts go through `link`.
@@ -759,30 +781,6 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         );
     }
 
-    pub fn set_childkeys(
-        parent: T::AccountId,
-        netuid: NetUid,
-        childkey_vec: Vec<(u64, T::AccountId)>,
-    ) {
-        if childkey_vec.is_empty() {
-            ChildKeys::<T>::remove(parent, netuid);
-        } else {
-            ChildKeys::<T>::insert(parent, netuid, childkey_vec);
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_parentkeys(
-        child: T::AccountId,
-        netuid: NetUid,
-        parentkey_vec: Vec<(u64, T::AccountId)>,
-    ) {
-        if parentkey_vec.is_empty() {
-            ParentKeys::<T>::remove(child, netuid);
-        } else {
-            ParentKeys::<T>::insert(child, netuid, parentkey_vec);
-        }
-    }
-
     /// Remove self-loops in `ChildKeys` and `ParentKeys`.
     /// If, after removal, a value-vector becomes empty, the storage key is removed.
     pub fn clean_self_loops(weight: &mut Weight) {

From 41d22077c70d219e0897236cc8091f220cfa5f2a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Greg Zaitsev <gregz@opentensor.dev>
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2025 17:02:42 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 086/218] Unignore errors in load_child_parent_relations

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/set_children.rs | 15 +++++++++------
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/set_children.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/set_children.rs
index e28b1d8b92..ce6e57cb57 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/set_children.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/set_children.rs
@@ -181,7 +181,10 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     /// Loads all records from ChildKeys and ParentKeys where (hotkey, netuid) is the key.
     /// Produces a parent->(child->prop) adjacency map that **cannot violate**
     /// the required consistency because all inserts go through `link`.
-    fn load_child_parent_relations(hotkey: &T::AccountId, netuid: NetUid) -> PCRelations<T> {
+    fn load_child_parent_relations(
+        hotkey: &T::AccountId,
+        netuid: NetUid,
+    ) -> Result<PCRelations<T>, DispatchError> {
         let mut rel = PCRelations::<T>::new(hotkey.clone());
 
         // Load children: (prop, child) from ChildKeys(hotkey, netuid)
@@ -194,7 +197,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             }
         }
         // Validate & set (enforce no self-loop and sum limit)
-        let _ = rel.link_children(children);
+        rel.link_children(children)?;
 
         // Load parents: (prop, parent) from ParentKeys(hotkey, netuid)
         let parent_links = ParentKeys::<T>::get(hotkey, netuid);
@@ -205,9 +208,9 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             }
         }
         // Keep the same validation rules for parents (no self-loop, bounded sum).
-        let _ = rel.link_parents(parents);
+        rel.link_parents(parents)?;
 
-        rel
+        Ok(rel)
     }
 
     /// Build a `PCRelations` for `pivot` (parent) from the `PendingChildKeys` queue,
@@ -383,7 +386,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         weight: &mut Weight,
     ) -> DispatchResult {
         // 1) Load the current relations around old_hotkey
-        let mut relations = Self::load_child_parent_relations(old_hotkey, netuid);
+        let mut relations = Self::load_child_parent_relations(old_hotkey, netuid)?;
         weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(2, 0));
 
         // 2) Clean up all storage entries that reference old_hotkey
@@ -514,7 +517,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         //  - Each child is not the hotkey.
         //  - The sum of the proportions does not exceed u64::MAX.
         //  - Bipartite separation (no A <-> B relations)
-        let relations = Self::load_child_parent_relations(&hotkey, netuid);
+        let relations = Self::load_child_parent_relations(&hotkey, netuid)?;
         relations.ensure_pending_consistency(&children)?;
 
         // Check that the parent key has at least the minimum own stake

From 765808dea0c0acd4df51dbc668663ecfffae739c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Greg Zaitsev <gregz@opentensor.dev>
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2025 17:11:47 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 087/218] Extend
 test_set_child_keys_empty_vector_clears_storage to parent keys

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/children.rs | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/children.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/children.rs
index 45fba25c2b..ba6ad66808 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/children.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/children.rs
@@ -4183,9 +4183,11 @@ fn test_set_child_keys_empty_vector_clears_storage() {
 
         // Initialize ChildKeys for `parent` with a non-empty vector
         ChildKeys::<Test>::insert(parent, netuid, vec![(u64::MAX, child)]);
+        ParentKeys::<Test>::insert(child, netuid, vec![(u64::MAX, parent)]);
 
         // Sanity: entry exists right now because we explicitly inserted it
         assert!(ChildKeys::<Test>::contains_key(parent, netuid));
+        assert!(ParentKeys::<Test>::contains_key(child, netuid));
 
         // Set children to empty
         let empty_children: Vec<(u64, U256)> = Vec::new();
@@ -4194,8 +4196,10 @@ fn test_set_child_keys_empty_vector_clears_storage() {
         // When the child vector is empty, we should NOT keep an empty vec in storage.
         // The key must be fully removed (no entry), not just zero-length value.
         assert!(!ChildKeys::<Test>::contains_key(parent, netuid));
+        assert!(!ParentKeys::<Test>::contains_key(child, netuid));
 
         // `get` returns empty due to ValueQuery default, but presence is false.
         assert!(ChildKeys::<Test>::get(parent, netuid).is_empty());
+        assert!(ParentKeys::<Test>::get(child, netuid).is_empty());
     });
 }

From d0214dbb1e8aab6c8ec2d45dc36b7cdbfd6f92cc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Greg Zaitsev <gregz@opentensor.dev>
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2025 18:34:48 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 088/218] Remove .expect from set_children.rs

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/hooks.rs         |  2 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/set_children.rs | 46 ++++++++++++-------
 2 files changed, 30 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/hooks.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/hooks.rs
index 6a00099c32..20651f68fc 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/hooks.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/hooks.rs
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ mod hooks {
                 // Migrate subnet burn cost to 2500
                 .saturating_add(migrations::migrate_network_lock_cost_2500::migrate_network_lock_cost_2500::<T>())
                 // Cleanup child/parent keys
-                .saturating_add(migrations::migrate_fix_childkeys::migrate_fix_childkeys::<T>()),
+                .saturating_add(migrations::migrate_fix_childkeys::migrate_fix_childkeys::<T>())
                 // Migrate AutoStakeDestinationColdkeys
                 .saturating_add(migrations::migrate_auto_stake_destination::migrate_auto_stake_destination::<T>());
             weight
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/set_children.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/set_children.rs
index ce6e57cb57..5a1ba2a721 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/set_children.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/set_children.rs
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         let new_children_map = relations.children();
         let new_children_vec: Vec<(u64, T::AccountId)> = new_children_map
             .iter()
-            .map(|(c, w)| (*w, c.clone()))
+            .map(|(c, p)| (*p, c.clone()))
             .collect();
 
         let prev_children_vec = ChildKeys::<T>::get(&pivot, netuid);
@@ -293,30 +293,36 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             .iter()
             .filter(|c| !prev_children_set.contains(*c))
         {
+            let p = match new_children_map.get(added) {
+                Some(p) => *p,
+                None => return Err(Error::<T>::ChildParentInconsistency.into()),
+            };
             let mut pk = ParentKeys::<T>::get(added.clone(), netuid);
-            let w = *new_children_map.get(added).expect("in set; qed");
-            PCRelations::<T>::upsert_edge(&mut pk, w, &pivot);
-            Self::set_parentkeys(added.clone(), netuid, pk.clone());
+            PCRelations::<T>::upsert_edge(&mut pk, p, &pivot);
+            Self::set_parentkeys(added.clone(), netuid, pk);
             weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(1, 1));
         }
 
         // Updated children = intersection where proportion changed
         for common in new_children_set.intersection(&prev_children_set) {
-            let new_p = *new_children_map.get(common).expect("in set; qed");
+            let new_p = match new_children_map.get(common) {
+                Some(p) => *p,
+                None => return Err(Error::<T>::ChildParentInconsistency.into()),
+            };
             let mut pk = ParentKeys::<T>::get(common.clone(), netuid);
             PCRelations::<T>::upsert_edge(&mut pk, new_p, &pivot);
-            Self::set_parentkeys(common.clone(), netuid, pk.clone());
+            Self::set_parentkeys(common.clone(), netuid, pk);
             weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(1, 1));
         }
 
-        // Removed children = prev / new
+        // Removed children = prev \ new  => remove (pivot) from ParentKeys(child)
         for removed in prev_children_set
             .iter()
             .filter(|c| !new_children_set.contains(*c))
         {
-            let mut pk = ParentKeys::<T>::get(&removed, netuid);
+            let mut pk = ParentKeys::<T>::get(removed.clone(), netuid);
             PCRelations::<T>::remove_edge(&mut pk, &pivot);
-            Self::set_parentkeys(removed.clone(), netuid, pk.clone());
+            Self::set_parentkeys(removed.clone(), netuid, pk);
             weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(1, 1));
         }
 
@@ -326,7 +332,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         let new_parents_map = relations.parents();
         let new_parents_vec: Vec<(u64, T::AccountId)> = new_parents_map
             .iter()
-            .map(|(p, w)| (*w, p.clone()))
+            .map(|(p, pr)| (*pr, p.clone()))
             .collect();
 
         let prev_parents_vec = ParentKeys::<T>::get(&pivot, netuid);
@@ -338,28 +344,34 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             prev_parents_vec.iter().map(|(_, p)| p.clone()).collect();
         let new_parents_set: BTreeSet<T::AccountId> = new_parents_map.keys().cloned().collect();
 
-        // Added parents = new / prev  => ensure ChildKeys(parent) has (w, pivot)
+        // Added parents = new / prev  => ensure ChildKeys(parent) has (p, pivot)
         for added in new_parents_set
             .iter()
             .filter(|p| !prev_parents_set.contains(*p))
         {
+            let p_val = match new_parents_map.get(added) {
+                Some(p) => *p,
+                None => return Err(Error::<T>::ChildParentInconsistency.into()),
+            };
             let mut ck = ChildKeys::<T>::get(added.clone(), netuid);
-            let w = *new_parents_map.get(added).expect("in set; qed");
-            PCRelations::<T>::upsert_edge(&mut ck, w, &pivot);
+            PCRelations::<T>::upsert_edge(&mut ck, p_val, &pivot);
             Self::set_childkeys(added.clone(), netuid, ck);
             weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(1, 1));
         }
 
-        // Updated parents = intersection where weight changed
+        // Updated parents = intersection where proportion changed
         for common in new_parents_set.intersection(&prev_parents_set) {
-            let new_w = *new_parents_map.get(common).expect("in set; qed");
+            let new_p = match new_parents_map.get(common) {
+                Some(p) => *p,
+                None => return Err(Error::<T>::ChildParentInconsistency.into()),
+            };
             let mut ck = ChildKeys::<T>::get(common.clone(), netuid);
-            PCRelations::<T>::upsert_edge(&mut ck, new_w, &pivot);
+            PCRelations::<T>::upsert_edge(&mut ck, new_p, &pivot);
             Self::set_childkeys(common.clone(), netuid, ck);
             weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(1, 1));
         }
 
-        // Removed parents = prev / new  => remove (pivot) from ChildKeys(parent)
+        // Removed parents = prev \ new  => remove (pivot) from ChildKeys(parent)
         for removed in prev_parents_set
             .iter()
             .filter(|p| !new_parents_set.contains(*p))

From d6d2f1a4859f4520cb4808655a3e7f8c1c69f8ca Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Greg Zaitsev <gregz@opentensor.dev>
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2025 18:43:14 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 089/218] Fix epoch log analyzing test

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch_logs.rs | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch_logs.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch_logs.rs
index 1887590aea..0c95857346 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch_logs.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch_logs.rs
@@ -579,6 +579,7 @@ fn epoch_mechanism_reads_weights_per_mechanism() {
     });
 }
 
+// cargo test --package pallet-subtensor --lib -- tests::epoch_logs::epoch_mechanism_three_mechanisms_separate_state --exact --show-output
 #[test]
 fn epoch_mechanism_three_mechanisms_separate_state() {
     new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
@@ -632,7 +633,7 @@ fn epoch_mechanism_three_mechanisms_separate_state() {
         assert!(l0.contains("Weights (mask+norm): [[(2, 1)], [(2, 1)], [], []]"));
         assert!(l0.contains("Ranks (before): [0, 0, 1, 0]"));
         assert!(l0.contains("ΔB (norm): [[(2, 0.5)], [(2, 0.5)], [], []]"));
-        assert!(l0.contains("Normalized Combined Emission: [0.25, 0.25, 0.5, 0] "));
+        assert!(l0.contains("Normalized Combined Emission: [0.25, 0.25, 0.5, 0]"));
 
         assert!(
             l1.contains(

From 9cf797fbce8a76f55aa027e120f824a79a8a63e1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" <github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2025 23:04:10 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 090/218] auto-update benchmark weights

---
 pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs             | 2 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs | 6 +++---
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs b/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
index b794756995..a18150ec86 100644
--- a/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
@@ -731,7 +731,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
         /// It is only callable by the root account.
         /// The extrinsic will call the Subtensor pallet to set the target registrations per interval.
         #[pallet::call_index(21)]
-        #[pallet::weight(Weight::from_parts(44_320_000, 0)
+        #[pallet::weight(Weight::from_parts(25_980_000, 0)
         .saturating_add(<T as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().reads(3_u64))
         .saturating_add(<T as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)))]
         pub fn sudo_set_target_registrations_per_interval(
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
index d16b93e320..839cbfeac7 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
@@ -1058,7 +1058,7 @@ mod dispatches {
         /// The extrinsic for user to change its hotkey in subnet or all subnets.
         #[pallet::call_index(70)]
         #[pallet::weight((Weight::from_parts(275_300_000, 0)
-        .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(47))
+        .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(49_u64))
         .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(37)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::No))]
         pub fn swap_hotkey(
             origin: OriginFor<T>,
@@ -2293,8 +2293,8 @@ mod dispatches {
         ///     - The hotkey account to designate as the autostake destination.
         #[pallet::call_index(114)]
         #[pallet::weight((Weight::from_parts(29_930_000, 0)
-		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(3_u64))
-		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::No))]
+		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(4_u64))
+		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(2_u64)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::No))]
         pub fn set_coldkey_auto_stake_hotkey(
             origin: T::RuntimeOrigin,
             netuid: NetUid,

From ad398f70a204a1621560f1352ec49ca4eeb34c71 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: open-junius <zhou@opentensor.dev>
Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2025 08:16:47 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 091/218] set all precompile transaction payable

---
 precompiles/src/staking.rs | 12 ++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+)

diff --git a/precompiles/src/staking.rs b/precompiles/src/staking.rs
index dff6caae60..b896e61e33 100644
--- a/precompiles/src/staking.rs
+++ b/precompiles/src/staking.rs
@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ where
     }
 
     #[precompile::public("removeStake(bytes32,uint256,uint256)")]
+    #[precompile::payable]
     fn remove_stake(
         handle: &mut impl PrecompileHandle,
         address: H256,
@@ -141,6 +142,7 @@ where
     }
 
     #[precompile::public("removeStakeFull(bytes32,uint256)")]
+    #[precompile::payable]
     fn remove_stake_full(
         handle: &mut impl PrecompileHandle,
         hotkey: H256,
@@ -150,6 +152,7 @@ where
     }
 
     #[precompile::public("removeStakeFullLimit(bytes32,uint256,uint256)")]
+    #[precompile::payable]
     fn remove_stake_full_limit(
         handle: &mut impl PrecompileHandle,
         hotkey: H256,
@@ -161,6 +164,7 @@ where
     }
 
     #[precompile::public("moveStake(bytes32,bytes32,uint256,uint256,uint256)")]
+    #[precompile::payable]
     fn move_stake(
         handle: &mut impl PrecompileHandle,
         origin_hotkey: H256,
@@ -187,6 +191,7 @@ where
     }
 
     #[precompile::public("transferStake(bytes32,bytes32,uint256,uint256,uint256)")]
+    #[precompile::payable]
     fn transfer_stake(
         handle: &mut impl PrecompileHandle,
         destination_coldkey: H256,
@@ -301,6 +306,7 @@ where
     }
 
     #[precompile::public("addProxy(bytes32)")]
+    #[precompile::payable]
     fn add_proxy(handle: &mut impl PrecompileHandle, delegate: H256) -> EvmResult<()> {
         let account_id = handle.caller_account_id::<R>();
         let delegate = R::AccountId::from(delegate.0);
@@ -315,6 +321,7 @@ where
     }
 
     #[precompile::public("removeProxy(bytes32)")]
+    #[precompile::payable]
     fn remove_proxy(handle: &mut impl PrecompileHandle, delegate: H256) -> EvmResult<()> {
         let account_id = handle.caller_account_id::<R>();
         let delegate = R::AccountId::from(delegate.0);
@@ -329,6 +336,7 @@ where
     }
 
     #[precompile::public("addStakeLimit(bytes32,uint256,uint256,bool,uint256)")]
+    #[precompile::payable]
     fn add_stake_limit(
         handle: &mut impl PrecompileHandle,
         address: H256,
@@ -354,6 +362,7 @@ where
     }
 
     #[precompile::public("removeStakeLimit(bytes32,uint256,uint256,bool,uint256)")]
+    #[precompile::payable]
     fn remove_stake_limit(
         handle: &mut impl PrecompileHandle,
         address: H256,
@@ -444,6 +453,7 @@ where
     }
 
     #[precompile::public("removeStake(bytes32,uint256,uint256)")]
+    #[precompile::payable]
     fn remove_stake(
         handle: &mut impl PrecompileHandle,
         address: H256,
@@ -532,6 +542,7 @@ where
     }
 
     #[precompile::public("addProxy(bytes32)")]
+    #[precompile::payable]
     fn add_proxy(handle: &mut impl PrecompileHandle, delegate: H256) -> EvmResult<()> {
         let account_id = handle.caller_account_id::<R>();
         let delegate = R::AccountId::from(delegate.0);
@@ -546,6 +557,7 @@ where
     }
 
     #[precompile::public("removeProxy(bytes32)")]
+    #[precompile::payable]
     fn remove_proxy(handle: &mut impl PrecompileHandle, delegate: H256) -> EvmResult<()> {
         let account_id = handle.caller_account_id::<R>();
         let delegate = R::AccountId::from(delegate.0);

From 118be96c15f18cdead2bbc8a21164f2b4fad8fd2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: open-junius <zhou@opentensor.dev>
Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2025 08:21:06 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 092/218] bump version

---
 runtime/src/lib.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/runtime/src/lib.rs b/runtime/src/lib.rs
index 220c5354bb..3dab1bdf54 100644
--- a/runtime/src/lib.rs
+++ b/runtime/src/lib.rs
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ pub const VERSION: RuntimeVersion = RuntimeVersion {
     //   `spec_version`, and `authoring_version` are the same between Wasm and native.
     // This value is set to 100 to notify Polkadot-JS App (https://polkadot.js.org/apps) to use
     //   the compatible custom types.
-    spec_version: 326,
+    spec_version: 327,
     impl_version: 1,
     apis: RUNTIME_API_VERSIONS,
     transaction_version: 1,

From 92f4b9938854c4eacb440ce0fbf115c71540053c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Loris Moulin <contact@lorismoulin.com>
Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2025 10:42:12 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 093/218] fix utility::force_batch weight mismatch

---
 pallets/utility/src/lib.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/pallets/utility/src/lib.rs b/pallets/utility/src/lib.rs
index cac7b0a1b1..f01993dcc8 100644
--- a/pallets/utility/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/utility/src/lib.rs
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
             } else {
                 Self::deposit_event(Event::BatchCompleted);
             }
-            let base_weight = T::WeightInfo::batch(calls_len as u32);
+            let base_weight = T::WeightInfo::force_batch(calls_len as u32);
             Ok(Some(base_weight.saturating_add(weight)).into())
         }
 

From 1b9eb7df69fc5e75dfba7c81c3b905829bf38c1a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Greg Zaitsev <gregz@opentensor.dev>
Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2025 10:55:03 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 094/218] Address code review comments

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/set_children.rs | 11 +++++------
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/set_children.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/set_children.rs
index 5a1ba2a721..c7ebd62c04 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/set_children.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/set_children.rs
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         Self::set_parentkeys(pivot.clone(), netuid, new_parents_vec.clone());
 
         let prev_parents_set: BTreeSet<T::AccountId> =
-            prev_parents_vec.iter().map(|(_, p)| p.clone()).collect();
+            prev_parents_vec.into_iter().map(|(_, p)| p).collect();
         let new_parents_set: BTreeSet<T::AccountId> = new_parents_map.keys().cloned().collect();
 
         // Added parents = new / prev  => ensure ChildKeys(parent) has (p, pivot)
@@ -361,12 +361,11 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
 
         // Updated parents = intersection where proportion changed
         for common in new_parents_set.intersection(&prev_parents_set) {
-            let new_p = match new_parents_map.get(common) {
-                Some(p) => *p,
-                None => return Err(Error::<T>::ChildParentInconsistency.into()),
-            };
+            let new_p = new_parents_map
+                .get(common)
+                .ok_or(Error::<T>::ChildParentInconsistency)?;
             let mut ck = ChildKeys::<T>::get(common.clone(), netuid);
-            PCRelations::<T>::upsert_edge(&mut ck, new_p, &pivot);
+            PCRelations::<T>::upsert_edge(&mut ck, *new_p, &pivot);
             Self::set_childkeys(common.clone(), netuid, ck);
             weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(1, 1));
         }

From f55332607eac4cc0143b1314a5aa35b048ce8445 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Greg Zaitsev <gregz@opentensor.dev>
Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2025 10:58:57 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 095/218] chore: empty commit to trigger CI


From b61806fa4d235f468d574b445980ba2cfc2fea0a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Greg Zaitsev <gregz@opentensor.dev>
Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2025 10:59:18 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 096/218] chore: empty commit to trigger CI


From aa724392f32c8904528a36ba5271aa6d0284cb3f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Reed <87283488+JohnReedV@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2025 08:34:49 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 097/218] re-enable sudo_set_subnet_owner_hotkey

---
 pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs | 46 ++++++++++++++++------------------
 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs b/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
index 5f4a75f39a..79e310e3c3 100644
--- a/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
@@ -1667,31 +1667,27 @@ pub mod pallet {
             Ok(())
         }
 
-        // /// Change the SubnetOwnerHotkey for a given subnet.
-        // ///
-        // /// # Arguments
-        // /// * `origin` - The origin of the call, which must be the subnet owner.
-        // /// * `netuid` - The unique identifier for the subnet.
-        // /// * `hotkey` - The new hotkey for the subnet owner.
-        // ///
-        // /// # Errors
-        // /// * `BadOrigin` - If the caller is not the subnet owner or root account.
-        // ///
-        // /// # Weight
-        // /// Weight is handled by the `#[pallet::weight]` attribute.
-        // #[pallet::call_index(64)]
-        // #[pallet::weight((0, DispatchClass::Operational, Pays::No))]
-        // pub fn sudo_set_subnet_owner_hotkey(
-        //     origin: OriginFor<T>,
-        //     netuid: NetUid,
-        //     hotkey: <T as frame_system::Config>::AccountId,
-        // ) -> DispatchResult {
-        //     pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::ensure_subnet_owner(origin.clone(), netuid)?;
-        //     pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::set_subnet_owner_hotkey(netuid, &hotkey);
-
-        //     log::debug!("SubnetOwnerHotkeySet( netuid: {netuid:?}, hotkey: {hotkey:?} )");
-        //     Ok(())
-        // }
+        /// Change the SubnetOwnerHotkey for a given subnet.
+        ///
+        /// # Arguments
+        /// * `origin` - The origin of the call, which must be the subnet owner.
+        /// * `netuid` - The unique identifier for the subnet.
+        /// * `hotkey` - The new hotkey for the subnet owner.
+        ///
+        /// # Errors
+        /// * `BadOrigin` - If the caller is not the subnet owner or root account.
+        ///
+        /// # Weight
+        /// Weight is handled by the `#[pallet::weight]` attribute.
+        #[pallet::call_index(64)]
+        #[pallet::weight((0, DispatchClass::Operational, Pays::No))]
+        pub fn sudo_set_subnet_owner_hotkey(
+            origin: OriginFor<T>,
+            netuid: NetUid,
+            hotkey: <T as frame_system::Config>::AccountId,
+        ) -> DispatchResult {
+            pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::do_set_sn_owner_hotkey(origin, netuid, &hotkey)
+        }
 
         ///
         ///

From 8b14a60f27ec8530797286076a1b525c4253ea16 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Greg Zaitsev <gregz@opentensor.dev>
Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2025 14:02:47 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 098/218] Add linter rule to flag expect. Remove expects/allow
 exceptions.

---
 Cargo.toml                                    |  1 +
 node/src/chain_spec/mod.rs                    |  2 +-
 node/src/command.rs                           |  3 ++
 node/src/consensus/babe_consensus.rs          |  1 +
 node/src/consensus/hybrid_import_queue.rs     |  1 +
 node/src/service.rs                           |  2 ++
 pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs                |  3 ++
 pallets/collective/src/lib.rs                 |  3 ++
 pallets/collective/src/tests.rs               |  7 +++-
 pallets/commitments/src/lib.rs                |  3 ++
 pallets/commitments/src/mock.rs               |  1 +
 pallets/commitments/src/tests.rs              |  3 +-
 pallets/commitments/src/types.rs              |  2 +-
 pallets/crowdloan/src/lib.rs                  |  3 ++
 pallets/crowdloan/src/mock.rs                 |  6 +++-
 pallets/proxy/src/lib.rs                      | 32 +++++++++++-------
 pallets/proxy/src/tests.rs                    |  6 ++--
 pallets/registry/src/lib.rs                   |  3 ++
 pallets/registry/src/types.rs                 |  2 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/epoch/run_epoch.rs      | 33 +++++++++++++------
 pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs                  |  9 +++++
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs    |  2 ++
 ...igrate_transfer_ownership_to_foundation.rs | 16 +++++----
 pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/leasing.rs      | 16 ++++-----
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/consensus.rs      |  1 +
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/delegate_info.rs  |  1 +
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/ensure.rs         |  1 +
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch.rs          |  1 +
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/evm.rs            |  1 +
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mechanism.rs      |  1 +
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/migration.rs      |  8 ++++-
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mock.rs           |  6 +++-
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/networks.rs       |  2 ++
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/serving.rs        |  2 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_coldkey.rs   |  8 ++++-
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/uids.rs           |  2 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/weights.rs        |  2 +-
 pallets/swap/src/pallet/mod.rs                |  3 ++
 pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs              |  9 +++--
 pallets/utility/src/lib.rs                    | 21 +++++++++---
 pallets/utility/src/tests.rs                  |  8 +++--
 runtime/src/lib.rs                            |  4 +--
 support/linting/src/forbid_as_primitive.rs    |  1 +
 support/linting/src/forbid_keys_remove.rs     |  1 +
 support/linting/src/forbid_saturating_math.rs |  1 +
 support/linting/src/require_freeze_struct.rs  |  1 +
 46 files changed, 182 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 1d1a144bd9..4eb8a2f9b9 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ edition = "2024"
 
 [workspace.lints.clippy]
 arithmetic-side-effects = "deny"
+expect-used = "deny"
 indexing-slicing = "deny"
 manual_inspect = "allow"
 result_large_err = "allow"
diff --git a/node/src/chain_spec/mod.rs b/node/src/chain_spec/mod.rs
index 733f416e69..90a1493aa4 100644
--- a/node/src/chain_spec/mod.rs
+++ b/node/src/chain_spec/mod.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Allowed since it's actually better to panic during chain setup when there is an error
-#![allow(clippy::unwrap_used)]
+#![allow(clippy::expect_used, clippy::unwrap_used)]
 
 pub mod devnet;
 pub mod finney;
diff --git a/node/src/command.rs b/node/src/command.rs
index 31e31a1196..67cb200e43 100644
--- a/node/src/command.rs
+++ b/node/src/command.rs
@@ -245,6 +245,7 @@ pub fn run() -> sc_cli::Result<()> {
     }
 }
 
+#[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
 fn start_babe_service(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<(), sc_cli::Error> {
     let cli = Cli::from_arg_matches(arg_matches).expect("Bad arg_matches");
     let runner = cli.create_runner(&cli.run)?;
@@ -281,6 +282,7 @@ fn start_babe_service(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<(), sc_cli::Error> {
     }
 }
 
+#[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
 fn start_aura_service(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<(), sc_cli::Error> {
     let cli = Cli::from_arg_matches(arg_matches).expect("Bad arg_matches");
     let runner = cli.create_runner(&cli.run)?;
@@ -313,6 +315,7 @@ fn start_aura_service(arg_matches: &ArgMatches) -> Result<(), sc_cli::Error> {
     }
 }
 
+#[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
 fn customise_config(arg_matches: &ArgMatches, config: Configuration) -> Configuration {
     let cli = Cli::from_arg_matches(arg_matches).expect("Bad arg_matches");
 
diff --git a/node/src/consensus/babe_consensus.rs b/node/src/consensus/babe_consensus.rs
index 8a848ff408..8c9a974d20 100644
--- a/node/src/consensus/babe_consensus.rs
+++ b/node/src/consensus/babe_consensus.rs
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ impl ConsensusMechanism for BabeConsensus {
         sp_timestamp::InherentDataProvider,
     );
 
+    #[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
     fn start_authoring<C, SC, I, PF, SO, L, CIDP, BS, Error>(
         self,
         task_manager: &mut TaskManager,
diff --git a/node/src/consensus/hybrid_import_queue.rs b/node/src/consensus/hybrid_import_queue.rs
index 5d2a1e9162..30d8ff4065 100644
--- a/node/src/consensus/hybrid_import_queue.rs
+++ b/node/src/consensus/hybrid_import_queue.rs
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ impl HybridBlockImport {
             FrontierBlockImport::new(grandpa_block_import.clone(), client.clone()),
         );
 
+        #[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
         let (babe_import, babe_link) = sc_consensus_babe::block_import(
             babe_config,
             grandpa_block_import.clone(),
diff --git a/node/src/service.rs b/node/src/service.rs
index 8670c277a2..2ef1904f08 100644
--- a/node/src/service.rs
+++ b/node/src/service.rs
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ pub type BIQ<'a> = Box<
         + 'a,
 >;
 
+#[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
 pub fn new_partial(
     config: &Configuration,
     eth_config: &EthConfiguration,
@@ -250,6 +251,7 @@ pub fn build_manual_seal_import_queue(
 }
 
 /// Builds a new service for a full client.
+#[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
 pub async fn new_full<NB, CM>(
     mut config: Configuration,
     eth_config: EthConfiguration,
diff --git a/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs b/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
index a18150ec86..66e7eab318 100644
--- a/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ mod tests;
 
 #[deny(missing_docs)]
 #[frame_support::pallet]
+#[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
 pub mod pallet {
     use super::*;
     use frame_support::pallet_prelude::*;
@@ -162,6 +163,8 @@ pub mod pallet {
     /// Dispatchable functions allows users to interact with the pallet and invoke state changes.
     #[pallet::call]
     impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
+        #![deny(clippy::expect_used)]
+
         /// The extrinsic sets the new authorities for Aura consensus.
         /// It is only callable by the root account.
         /// The extrinsic will call the Aura pallet to change the authorities.
diff --git a/pallets/collective/src/lib.rs b/pallets/collective/src/lib.rs
index e964a28539..67090badc6 100644
--- a/pallets/collective/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/collective/src/lib.rs
@@ -179,6 +179,7 @@ pub struct Votes<AccountId, BlockNumber> {
 
 #[deny(missing_docs)]
 #[frame_support::pallet]
+#[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
 pub mod pallet {
     use super::*;
     use frame_system::pallet_prelude::*;
@@ -397,6 +398,8 @@ pub mod pallet {
     // Note that councillor operations are assigned to the operational class.
     #[pallet::call]
     impl<T: Config<I>, I: 'static> Pallet<T, I> {
+        #![deny(clippy::expect_used)]
+
         /// Set the collective's membership.
         ///
         /// - `new_members`: The new member list. Be nice to the chain and provide it sorted.
diff --git a/pallets/collective/src/tests.rs b/pallets/collective/src/tests.rs
index d447384746..5c39c3d2f4 100644
--- a/pallets/collective/src/tests.rs
+++ b/pallets/collective/src/tests.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,12 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-#![allow(non_camel_case_types, clippy::indexing_slicing, clippy::unwrap_used)]
+#![allow(
+    non_camel_case_types,
+    clippy::expect_used,
+    clippy::indexing_slicing,
+    clippy::unwrap_used
+)]
 
 use super::{Event as CollectiveEvent, *};
 use crate as pallet_collective;
diff --git a/pallets/commitments/src/lib.rs b/pallets/commitments/src/lib.rs
index f61ecf22a6..a627220f76 100644
--- a/pallets/commitments/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/commitments/src/lib.rs
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ type BalanceOf<T> =
     <<T as Config>::Currency as Currency<<T as frame_system::Config>::AccountId>>::Balance;
 #[deny(missing_docs)]
 #[frame_support::pallet]
+#[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
 pub mod pallet {
     use super::*;
     use frame_support::{pallet_prelude::*, traits::ReservableCurrency};
@@ -204,6 +205,8 @@ pub mod pallet {
 
     #[pallet::call]
     impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
+        #![deny(clippy::expect_used)]
+
         /// Set the commitment for a given netuid
         #[pallet::call_index(0)]
         #[pallet::weight((
diff --git a/pallets/commitments/src/mock.rs b/pallets/commitments/src/mock.rs
index 9b6f6b034a..24e259b23c 100644
--- a/pallets/commitments/src/mock.rs
+++ b/pallets/commitments/src/mock.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#![allow(clippy::expect_used)]
 use crate as pallet_commitments;
 use frame_support::{
     derive_impl,
diff --git a/pallets/commitments/src/tests.rs b/pallets/commitments/src/tests.rs
index 5f19070ea2..9270a84bb7 100644
--- a/pallets/commitments/src/tests.rs
+++ b/pallets/commitments/src/tests.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#![allow(clippy::expect_used, clippy::indexing_slicing)]
+
 use codec::Encode;
 use sp_std::prelude::*;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::NetUid;
@@ -19,7 +21,6 @@ use frame_support::{
 };
 use frame_system::{Pallet as System, RawOrigin};
 
-#[allow(clippy::indexing_slicing)]
 #[test]
 fn manual_data_type_info() {
     let mut registry = scale_info::Registry::new();
diff --git a/pallets/commitments/src/types.rs b/pallets/commitments/src/types.rs
index 0467fee8f3..cdca47922b 100644
--- a/pallets/commitments/src/types.rs
+++ b/pallets/commitments/src/types.rs
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ impl Decode for Data {
             n @ 1..=129 => {
                 let mut r: BoundedVec<_, _> = vec![0u8; (n as usize).saturating_sub(1)]
                     .try_into()
-                    .expect("bound checked in match arm condition; qed");
+                    .map_err(|_| codec::Error::from("bound checked in match arm condition; qed"))?;
                 input.read(&mut r[..])?;
                 Data::Raw(r)
             }
diff --git a/pallets/crowdloan/src/lib.rs b/pallets/crowdloan/src/lib.rs
index aa3d4950bc..52ea3bd166 100644
--- a/pallets/crowdloan/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/crowdloan/src/lib.rs
@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@ pub type CrowdloanInfoOf<T> = CrowdloanInfo<
 >;
 
 #[frame_support::pallet]
+#[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
 pub mod pallet {
     use super::*;
 
@@ -285,6 +286,8 @@ pub mod pallet {
 
     #[pallet::call]
     impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
+        #![deny(clippy::expect_used)]
+
         /// Create a crowdloan that will raise funds up to a maximum cap and if successful,
         /// will transfer funds to the target address if provided and dispatch the call
         /// (using creator origin).
diff --git a/pallets/crowdloan/src/mock.rs b/pallets/crowdloan/src/mock.rs
index d96069c05e..fa2f5533d2 100644
--- a/pallets/crowdloan/src/mock.rs
+++ b/pallets/crowdloan/src/mock.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 #![cfg(test)]
-#![allow(clippy::arithmetic_side_effects, clippy::unwrap_used)]
+#![allow(
+    clippy::arithmetic_side_effects,
+    clippy::expect_used,
+    clippy::unwrap_used
+)]
 use frame_support::{
     PalletId, derive_impl, parameter_types,
     traits::{OnFinalize, OnInitialize, fungible, fungible::*, tokens::Preservation},
diff --git a/pallets/proxy/src/lib.rs b/pallets/proxy/src/lib.rs
index 9fbb481591..cdcda2046e 100644
--- a/pallets/proxy/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/proxy/src/lib.rs
@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@ pub enum DepositKind {
 }
 
 #[frame::pallet]
+#[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
 pub mod pallet {
     use super::*;
 
@@ -215,6 +216,8 @@ pub mod pallet {
 
     #[pallet::call]
     impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
+        #![deny(clippy::expect_used)]
+
         /// Dispatch the given `call` from an account that the sender is authorised for through
         /// `add_proxy`.
         ///
@@ -333,7 +336,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
         ) -> DispatchResult {
             let who = ensure_signed(origin)?;
 
-            let pure = Self::pure_account(&who, &proxy_type, index, None);
+            let pure = Self::pure_account(&who, &proxy_type, index, None)?;
             ensure!(!Proxies::<T>::contains_key(&pure), Error::<T>::Duplicate);
 
             let proxy_def = ProxyDefinition {
@@ -389,7 +392,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
             let spawner = T::Lookup::lookup(spawner)?;
 
             let when = (height, ext_index);
-            let proxy = Self::pure_account(&spawner, &proxy_type, index, Some(when));
+            let proxy = Self::pure_account(&spawner, &proxy_type, index, Some(when))?;
             ensure!(proxy == who, Error::<T>::NoPermission);
 
             let (_, deposit) = Proxies::<T>::take(&who);
@@ -445,24 +448,24 @@ pub mod pallet {
                 pending
                     .try_push(announcement)
                     .map_err(|_| Error::<T>::TooMany)?;
-                Self::rejig_deposit(
+                let new_deposit = Self::rejig_deposit(
                     &who,
                     *deposit,
                     T::AnnouncementDepositBase::get(),
                     T::AnnouncementDepositFactor::get(),
                     pending.len(),
-                )
-                .map(|d| {
-                    d.expect("Just pushed; pending.len() > 0; rejig_deposit returns Some; qed")
-                })
-                .map(|d| *deposit = d)
+                )?
+                .ok_or(Error::<T>::AnnouncementDepositInvariantViolated)?; // <- new error instead of expect
+
+                *deposit = new_deposit;
+                Ok::<(), DispatchError>(())
             })?;
+
             Self::deposit_event(Event::Announced {
                 real,
                 proxy: who,
                 call_hash,
             });
-
             Ok(())
         }
 
@@ -743,6 +746,10 @@ pub mod pallet {
         Unannounced,
         /// Cannot add self as proxy.
         NoSelfProxy,
+        /// Invariant violated: deposit recomputation returned None after updating announcements.
+        AnnouncementDepositInvariantViolated,
+        /// Failed to derive a valid account id from the provided entropy.
+        InvalidDerivedAccountId,
     }
 
     /// The set of account proxies. Maps the account which has delegated to the accounts
@@ -829,7 +836,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         proxy_type: &T::ProxyType,
         index: u16,
         maybe_when: Option<(BlockNumberFor<T>, u32)>,
-    ) -> T::AccountId {
+    ) -> Result<T::AccountId, DispatchError> {
         let (height, ext_index) = maybe_when.unwrap_or_else(|| {
             (
                 T::BlockNumberProvider::current_block_number(),
@@ -845,8 +852,9 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             index,
         )
             .using_encoded(blake2_256);
-        Decode::decode(&mut TrailingZeroInput::new(entropy.as_ref()))
-            .expect("infinite length input; no invalid inputs for type; qed")
+
+        T::AccountId::decode(&mut TrailingZeroInput::new(entropy.as_ref()))
+            .map_err(|_| Error::<T>::InvalidDerivedAccountId.into())
     }
 
     /// Register a proxy account for the delegator that is able to make calls on its behalf.
diff --git a/pallets/proxy/src/tests.rs b/pallets/proxy/src/tests.rs
index e7e729318c..ea64aef030 100644
--- a/pallets/proxy/src/tests.rs
+++ b/pallets/proxy/src/tests.rs
@@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ fn filtering_works() {
             .into(),
         );
 
-        let derivative_id = Utility::derivative_account_id(1, 0);
+        let derivative_id = Utility::derivative_account_id(1, 0).unwrap();
         Balances::make_free_balance_be(&derivative_id, 1000);
         let inner = Box::new(call_transfer(6, 1));
 
@@ -876,7 +876,7 @@ fn pure_works() {
             0,
             0
         ));
-        let anon = Proxy::pure_account(&1, &ProxyType::Any, 0, None);
+        let anon = Proxy::pure_account(&1, &ProxyType::Any, 0, None).unwrap();
         System::assert_last_event(
             ProxyEvent::PureCreated {
                 pure: anon,
@@ -900,7 +900,7 @@ fn pure_works() {
             0,
             1
         ));
-        let anon2 = Proxy::pure_account(&2, &ProxyType::Any, 0, None);
+        let anon2 = Proxy::pure_account(&2, &ProxyType::Any, 0, None).unwrap();
         assert_ok!(Proxy::create_pure(
             RuntimeOrigin::signed(2),
             ProxyType::Any,
diff --git a/pallets/registry/src/lib.rs b/pallets/registry/src/lib.rs
index 87f164c3e1..9d52e691ef 100644
--- a/pallets/registry/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/registry/src/lib.rs
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ type BalanceOf<T> =
     <<T as Config>::Currency as fungible::Inspect<<T as frame_system::Config>::AccountId>>::Balance;
 #[deny(missing_docs)]
 #[frame_support::pallet]
+#[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
 pub mod pallet {
     use super::*;
     use frame_support::{pallet_prelude::*, traits::tokens::fungible};
@@ -107,6 +108,8 @@ pub mod pallet {
 
     #[pallet::call]
     impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
+        #![deny(clippy::expect_used)]
+
         /// Register an identity for an account. This will overwrite any existing identity.
         #[pallet::call_index(0)]
         #[pallet::weight((
diff --git a/pallets/registry/src/types.rs b/pallets/registry/src/types.rs
index eb19e145d6..0e5cbe3332 100644
--- a/pallets/registry/src/types.rs
+++ b/pallets/registry/src/types.rs
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ impl Decode for Data {
             n @ 1..=65 => {
                 let mut r: BoundedVec<_, _> = vec![0u8; (n as usize).saturating_sub(1)]
                     .try_into()
-                    .expect("bound checked in match arm condition; qed");
+                    .map_err(|_| codec::Error::from("bounded vec length exceeds limit"))?;
                 input.read(&mut r[..])?;
                 Data::Raw(r)
             }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/epoch/run_epoch.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/epoch/run_epoch.rs
index 8c6a77c98b..04e1db9413 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/epoch/run_epoch.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/epoch/run_epoch.rs
@@ -1169,12 +1169,17 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             Bonds::<T>::iter_prefix(netuid_index).filter(|(uid_i, _)| *uid_i < n as u16)
         {
             for (uid_j, bonds_ij) in bonds_vec {
-                bonds
-                    .get_mut(uid_i as usize)
-                    .expect("uid_i is filtered to be less than n; qed")
-                    .push((uid_j, u16_to_fixed(bonds_ij)));
+                if let Some(row) = bonds.get_mut(uid_i as usize) {
+                    row.push((uid_j, u16_to_fixed(bonds_ij)));
+                } else {
+                    // If the index is unexpectedly out of bounds, skip and log math error
+                    log::error!(
+                        "math error: bonds row index out of bounds (uid_i={uid_i}, n={n}, netuid_index={netuid_index})",
+                    );
+                }
             }
         }
+
         bonds
     }
 
@@ -1187,14 +1192,22 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             Bonds::<T>::iter_prefix(netuid_index).filter(|(uid_i, _)| *uid_i < n as u16)
         {
             for (uid_j, bonds_ij) in bonds_vec.into_iter().filter(|(uid_j, _)| *uid_j < n as u16) {
-                *bonds
-                    .get_mut(uid_i as usize)
-                    .expect("uid_i has been filtered to be less than n; qed")
-                    .get_mut(uid_j as usize)
-                    .expect("uid_j has been filtered to be less than n; qed") =
-                    u16_to_fixed(bonds_ij);
+                if let Some(row) = bonds.get_mut(uid_i as usize) {
+                    if let Some(cell) = row.get_mut(uid_j as usize) {
+                        *cell = u16_to_fixed(bonds_ij);
+                    } else {
+                        log::error!(
+                            "math error: uid_j index out of bounds (uid_i={uid_i}, uid_j={uid_j}, n={n}, netuid_index={netuid_index})"
+                        );
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    log::error!(
+                        "math error: uid_i row index out of bounds (uid_i={uid_i}, n={n}, netuid_index={netuid_index})"
+                    );
+                }
             }
         }
+
         bonds
     }
 
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
index ae463d1ed4..c52c589ad6 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ pub const MAX_CRV3_COMMIT_SIZE_BYTES: u32 = 5000;
 #[import_section(hooks::hooks)]
 #[import_section(config::config)]
 #[frame_support::pallet]
+#[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
 pub mod pallet {
     use crate::RateLimitKey;
     use crate::migrations;
@@ -415,6 +416,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
     #[pallet::type_value]
     /// Default account, derived from zero trailing bytes.
     pub fn DefaultAccount<T: Config>() -> T::AccountId {
+        #[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
         T::AccountId::decode(&mut TrailingZeroInput::zeroes())
             .expect("trailing zeroes always produce a valid account ID; qed")
     }
@@ -588,6 +590,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
     #[pallet::type_value]
     /// Default value for subnet owner.
     pub fn DefaultSubnetOwner<T: Config>() -> T::AccountId {
+        #[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
         T::AccountId::decode(&mut sp_runtime::traits::TrailingZeroInput::zeroes())
             .expect("trailing zeroes always produce a valid account ID; qed")
     }
@@ -749,6 +752,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
     #[pallet::type_value]
     /// Default value for key with type T::AccountId derived from trailing zeroes.
     pub fn DefaultKey<T: Config>() -> T::AccountId {
+        #[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
         T::AccountId::decode(&mut sp_runtime::traits::TrailingZeroInput::zeroes())
             .expect("trailing zeroes always produce a valid account ID; qed")
     }
@@ -873,6 +877,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
     #[pallet::type_value]
     /// Default value for coldkey swap scheduled
     pub fn DefaultColdkeySwapScheduled<T: Config>() -> (BlockNumberFor<T>, T::AccountId) {
+        #[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
         let default_account = T::AccountId::decode(&mut TrailingZeroInput::zeroes())
             .expect("trailing zeroes always produce a valid account ID; qed");
         (BlockNumberFor::<T>::from(0_u32), default_account)
@@ -2145,6 +2150,7 @@ impl<T, H, P> CollectiveInterface<T, H, P> for () {
 pub struct TaoCurrencyReserve<T: Config>(PhantomData<T>);
 
 impl<T: Config> CurrencyReserve<TaoCurrency> for TaoCurrencyReserve<T> {
+    #![deny(clippy::expect_used)]
     fn reserve(netuid: NetUid) -> TaoCurrency {
         SubnetTAO::<T>::get(netuid).saturating_add(SubnetTaoProvided::<T>::get(netuid))
     }
@@ -2162,6 +2168,7 @@ impl<T: Config> CurrencyReserve<TaoCurrency> for TaoCurrencyReserve<T> {
 pub struct AlphaCurrencyReserve<T: Config>(PhantomData<T>);
 
 impl<T: Config> CurrencyReserve<AlphaCurrency> for AlphaCurrencyReserve<T> {
+    #![deny(clippy::expect_used)]
     fn reserve(netuid: NetUid) -> AlphaCurrency {
         SubnetAlphaIn::<T>::get(netuid).saturating_add(SubnetAlphaInProvided::<T>::get(netuid))
     }
@@ -2183,6 +2190,7 @@ pub type GetTaoForAlpha<T> =
 impl<T: Config + pallet_balances::Config<Balance = u64>>
     subtensor_runtime_common::SubnetInfo<T::AccountId> for Pallet<T>
 {
+    #![deny(clippy::expect_used)]
     fn exists(netuid: NetUid) -> bool {
         Self::if_subnet_exist(netuid)
     }
@@ -2215,6 +2223,7 @@ impl<T: Config + pallet_balances::Config<Balance = u64>>
 impl<T: Config + pallet_balances::Config<Balance = u64>>
     subtensor_runtime_common::BalanceOps<T::AccountId> for Pallet<T>
 {
+    #![deny(clippy::expect_used)]
     fn tao_balance(account_id: &T::AccountId) -> TaoCurrency {
         pallet_balances::Pallet::<T>::free_balance(account_id).into()
     }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
index 839cbfeac7..78874b9f43 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ mod dispatches {
     /// Dispatchable functions must be annotated with a weight and must return a DispatchResult.
     #[pallet::call]
     impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
+        #![deny(clippy::expect_used)]
+
         /// --- Sets the caller weights for the incentive mechanism. The call can be
         /// made from the hotkey account so is potentially insecure, however, the damage
         /// of changing weights is minimal if caught early. This function includes all the
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_transfer_ownership_to_foundation.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_transfer_ownership_to_foundation.rs
index cf9b1fdf07..11711a9184 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_transfer_ownership_to_foundation.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_transfer_ownership_to_foundation.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use frame_support::{
     traits::{GetStorageVersion, StorageVersion},
     weights::Weight,
 };
-use log::info;
+use log::{error, info};
 use sp_core::Get;
 use sp_std::vec::Vec;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::NetUid;
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ pub mod deprecated_loaded_emission_format {
 pub fn migrate_transfer_ownership_to_foundation<T: Config>(coldkey: [u8; 32]) -> Weight {
     let new_storage_version = 3;
 
-    // Initialize weight counter
+    // Start with one read (on-chain storage version).
     let mut weight = T::DbWeight::get().reads(1);
 
     // Get current on-chain storage version
@@ -54,10 +54,14 @@ pub fn migrate_transfer_ownership_to_foundation<T: Config>(coldkey: [u8; 32]) ->
             "Migrating subnet 1 and 11 to foundation control. Current version: {onchain_version:?}"
         );
 
-        // Decode the foundation's coldkey into an AccountId
-        // TODO: Consider error handling for decoding failure
-        let coldkey_account: T::AccountId = T::AccountId::decode(&mut &coldkey[..])
-            .expect("coldkey should be a valid 32-byte array");
+        // Decode the foundation's coldkey into an AccountId — if it fails, log and abort migration.
+        let Ok(coldkey_account) = T::AccountId::decode(&mut &coldkey[..]) else {
+            error!(
+                target: LOG_TARGET,
+                "migration error: failed to decode foundation coldkey from 32 bytes"
+            );
+            return weight;
+        };
         info!(target: LOG_TARGET, "Foundation coldkey: {coldkey_account:?}");
 
         // Get the current block number
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/leasing.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/leasing.rs
index a33c32e4ef..cf263a1335 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/leasing.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/leasing.rs
@@ -87,8 +87,8 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
 
         // Initialize the lease id, coldkey and hotkey and keep track of them
         let lease_id = Self::get_next_lease_id()?;
-        let lease_coldkey = Self::lease_coldkey(lease_id);
-        let lease_hotkey = Self::lease_hotkey(lease_id);
+        let lease_coldkey = Self::lease_coldkey(lease_id)?;
+        let lease_hotkey = Self::lease_hotkey(lease_id)?;
         frame_system::Pallet::<T>::inc_providers(&lease_coldkey);
         frame_system::Pallet::<T>::inc_providers(&lease_hotkey);
 
@@ -341,16 +341,16 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         AccumulatedLeaseDividends::<T>::insert(lease_id, AlphaCurrency::ZERO);
     }
 
-    fn lease_coldkey(lease_id: LeaseId) -> T::AccountId {
+    fn lease_coldkey(lease_id: LeaseId) -> Result<T::AccountId, DispatchError> {
         let entropy = ("leasing/coldkey", lease_id).using_encoded(blake2_256);
-        Decode::decode(&mut TrailingZeroInput::new(entropy.as_ref()))
-            .expect("infinite length input; no invalid inputs for type; qed")
+        T::AccountId::decode(&mut TrailingZeroInput::new(entropy.as_ref()))
+            .map_err(|_| Error::<T>::InvalidValue.into())
     }
 
-    fn lease_hotkey(lease_id: LeaseId) -> T::AccountId {
+    fn lease_hotkey(lease_id: LeaseId) -> Result<T::AccountId, DispatchError> {
         let entropy = ("leasing/hotkey", lease_id).using_encoded(blake2_256);
-        Decode::decode(&mut TrailingZeroInput::new(entropy.as_ref()))
-            .expect("infinite length input; no invalid inputs for type; qed")
+        T::AccountId::decode(&mut TrailingZeroInput::new(entropy.as_ref()))
+            .map_err(|_| Error::<T>::InvalidValue.into())
     }
 
     fn get_next_lease_id() -> Result<LeaseId, Error<T>> {
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/consensus.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/consensus.rs
index 7eb65c3fc0..454f41e2cf 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/consensus.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/consensus.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #![allow(
     clippy::arithmetic_side_effects,
+    clippy::expect_used,
     clippy::indexing_slicing,
     clippy::unwrap_used
 )]
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/delegate_info.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/delegate_info.rs
index c7aabb899e..0553a88fe5 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/delegate_info.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/delegate_info.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#![allow(clippy::expect_used)]
 use super::mock::*;
 
 use codec::Compact;
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/ensure.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/ensure.rs
index 298339defa..a59bfd7484 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/ensure.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/ensure.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#![allow(clippy::expect_used)]
 use frame_support::{assert_noop, assert_ok};
 use frame_system::Config;
 use sp_core::U256;
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch.rs
index 4d8108ac29..a6e37fd15a 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #![allow(
     clippy::arithmetic_side_effects,
+    clippy::expect_used,
     clippy::indexing_slicing,
     clippy::unwrap_used
 )]
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/evm.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/evm.rs
index 0e10262497..6d668d738d 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/evm.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/evm.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #![allow(
     clippy::arithmetic_side_effects,
+    clippy::expect_used,
     clippy::unwrap_used,
     clippy::indexing_slicing
 )]
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mechanism.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mechanism.rs
index 8e5b1563d8..e5c46e8722 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mechanism.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mechanism.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #![allow(
     clippy::arithmetic_side_effects,
+    clippy::expect_used,
     clippy::indexing_slicing,
     clippy::unwrap_used
 )]
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/migration.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/migration.rs
index 2d5ada4099..ede32aa06c 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/migration.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/migration.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,10 @@
-#![allow(unused, clippy::indexing_slicing, clippy::panic, clippy::unwrap_used)]
+#![allow(
+    unused,
+    clippy::expect_used,
+    clippy::indexing_slicing,
+    clippy::panic,
+    clippy::unwrap_used
+)]
 
 use super::mock::*;
 use crate::*;
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mock.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mock.rs
index 7c731b604c..c5a58511ac 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mock.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mock.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
-#![allow(clippy::arithmetic_side_effects, clippy::unwrap_used)]
+#![allow(
+    clippy::arithmetic_side_effects,
+    clippy::expect_used,
+    clippy::unwrap_used
+)]
 
 use core::num::NonZeroU64;
 
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/networks.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/networks.rs
index 94069c633d..57875699b0 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/networks.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/networks.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#![allow(clippy::expect_used)]
+
 use super::mock::*;
 use crate::migrations::migrate_network_immunity_period;
 use crate::*;
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/serving.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/serving.rs
index b4173a8ebb..d8a9b866d9 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/serving.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/serving.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#![allow(clippy::unwrap_used)]
+#![allow(clippy::expect_used, clippy::unwrap_used)]
 use super::mock::*;
 
 use crate::Error;
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_coldkey.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_coldkey.rs
index b85d87c66b..4c683671ae 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_coldkey.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_coldkey.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,10 @@
-#![allow(unused, clippy::indexing_slicing, clippy::panic, clippy::unwrap_used)]
+#![allow(
+    unused,
+    clippy::expect_used,
+    clippy::indexing_slicing,
+    clippy::panic,
+    clippy::unwrap_used
+)]
 
 use approx::assert_abs_diff_eq;
 use codec::Encode;
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/uids.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/uids.rs
index 4317337ffd..8fee5f7507 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/uids.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/uids.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#![allow(clippy::unwrap_used)]
+#![allow(clippy::expect_used, clippy::unwrap_used)]
 
 use super::mock::*;
 use crate::*;
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/weights.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/weights.rs
index db7a8ee8d4..d703cb0840 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/weights.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/weights.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#![allow(clippy::indexing_slicing, clippy::unwrap_used)]
+#![allow(clippy::expect_used, clippy::indexing_slicing, clippy::unwrap_used)]
 
 use ark_serialize::CanonicalDeserialize;
 use ark_serialize::CanonicalSerialize;
diff --git a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/mod.rs b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/mod.rs
index c8df6f262d..fc1894da7d 100644
--- a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/mod.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/mod.rs
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ mod tests;
 
 #[allow(clippy::module_inception)]
 #[frame_support::pallet]
+#[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
 mod pallet {
     use super::*;
     use frame_system::{ensure_root, ensure_signed};
@@ -280,6 +281,8 @@ mod pallet {
 
     #[pallet::call]
     impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
+        #![deny(clippy::expect_used)]
+
         /// Set the fee rate for swaps on a specific subnet (normalized value).
         /// For example, 0.3% is approximately 196.
         ///
diff --git a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs
index 88172c66ac..f793f8d332 100644
--- a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
-#![allow(clippy::unwrap_used)]
-#![allow(clippy::indexing_slicing)]
-#![allow(clippy::arithmetic_side_effects)]
+#![allow(
+    clippy::arithmetic_side_effects,
+    clippy::expect_used,
+    clippy::indexing_slicing,
+    clippy::unwrap_used
+)]
 
 use approx::assert_abs_diff_eq;
 use frame_support::{assert_err, assert_noop, assert_ok};
diff --git a/pallets/utility/src/lib.rs b/pallets/utility/src/lib.rs
index cac7b0a1b1..b4dd0ca507 100644
--- a/pallets/utility/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/utility/src/lib.rs
@@ -69,7 +69,10 @@ use frame_support::{
 };
 use sp_core::TypeId;
 use sp_io::hashing::blake2_256;
-use sp_runtime::traits::{BadOrigin, Dispatchable, TrailingZeroInput};
+use sp_runtime::{
+    DispatchError,
+    traits::{BadOrigin, Dispatchable, TrailingZeroInput},
+};
 pub use weights::WeightInfo;
 
 use subtensor_macros::freeze_struct;
@@ -77,6 +80,7 @@ use subtensor_macros::freeze_struct;
 pub use pallet::*;
 
 #[frame_support::pallet]
+#[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
 pub mod pallet {
     use super::*;
     use frame_support::{dispatch::DispatchClass, pallet_prelude::*};
@@ -167,10 +171,14 @@ pub mod pallet {
     pub enum Error<T> {
         /// Too many calls batched.
         TooManyCalls,
+        /// Bad input data for derived account ID
+        InvalidDerivedAccount,
     }
 
     #[pallet::call]
     impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
+        #![deny(clippy::expect_used)]
+
         /// Send a batch of dispatch calls.
         ///
         /// May be called from any origin except `None`.
@@ -271,7 +279,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
         ) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
             let mut origin = origin;
             let who = ensure_signed(origin.clone())?;
-            let pseudonym = Self::derivative_account_id(who, index);
+            let pseudonym = Self::derivative_account_id(who, index)?;
             origin.set_caller_from(frame_system::RawOrigin::Signed(pseudonym));
             let info = call.get_dispatch_info();
             let result = call.dispatch(origin);
@@ -638,9 +646,12 @@ impl TypeId for IndexedUtilityPalletId {
 
 impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     /// Derive a derivative account ID from the owner account and the sub-account index.
-    pub fn derivative_account_id(who: T::AccountId, index: u16) -> T::AccountId {
+    pub fn derivative_account_id(
+        who: T::AccountId,
+        index: u16,
+    ) -> Result<T::AccountId, DispatchError> {
         let entropy = (b"modlpy/utilisuba", who, index).using_encoded(blake2_256);
-        Decode::decode(&mut TrailingZeroInput::new(entropy.as_ref()))
-            .expect("infinite length input; no invalid inputs for type; qed")
+        T::AccountId::decode(&mut TrailingZeroInput::new(entropy.as_ref()))
+            .map_err(|_| Error::<T>::InvalidDerivedAccount.into())
     }
 }
diff --git a/pallets/utility/src/tests.rs b/pallets/utility/src/tests.rs
index 09bb7192bc..8a3b198c4b 100644
--- a/pallets/utility/src/tests.rs
+++ b/pallets/utility/src/tests.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,11 @@
 // Tests for Utility Pallet
 
 #![cfg(test)]
-#![allow(clippy::arithmetic_side_effects, clippy::unwrap_used)]
+#![allow(
+    clippy::arithmetic_side_effects,
+    clippy::expect_used,
+    clippy::unwrap_used
+)]
 
 use super::*;
 
@@ -302,7 +306,7 @@ fn utility_events() -> Vec<Event> {
 #[test]
 fn as_derivative_works() {
     new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-        let sub_1_0 = Utility::derivative_account_id(1, 0);
+        let sub_1_0 = Utility::derivative_account_id(1, 0).unwrap();
         assert_ok!(Balances::transfer_allow_death(
             RuntimeOrigin::signed(1),
             sub_1_0,
diff --git a/runtime/src/lib.rs b/runtime/src/lib.rs
index 293de80de8..0e296ec85c 100644
--- a/runtime/src/lib.rs
+++ b/runtime/src/lib.rs
@@ -1297,8 +1297,7 @@ parameter_types! {
     pub const SwapMaxFeeRate: u16 = 10000; // 15.26%
     pub const SwapMaxPositions: u32 = 100;
     pub const SwapMinimumLiquidity: u64 = 1_000;
-    pub const SwapMinimumReserve: NonZeroU64 = NonZeroU64::new(1_000_000)
-        .expect("1_000_000 fits NonZeroU64");
+    pub const SwapMinimumReserve: NonZeroU64 = unsafe { NonZeroU64::new_unchecked(1_000_000) };
 }
 
 impl pallet_subtensor_swap::Config for Runtime {
@@ -1526,6 +1525,7 @@ impl<B> Default for TransactionConverter<B> {
     }
 }
 
+#[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
 impl<B: BlockT> fp_rpc::ConvertTransaction<<B as BlockT>::Extrinsic> for TransactionConverter<B> {
     fn convert_transaction(
         &self,
diff --git a/support/linting/src/forbid_as_primitive.rs b/support/linting/src/forbid_as_primitive.rs
index 228b978ef2..5e01d0741c 100644
--- a/support/linting/src/forbid_as_primitive.rs
+++ b/support/linting/src/forbid_as_primitive.rs
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     fn lint(input: proc_macro2::TokenStream) -> Result {
         let mut visitor = AsPrimitiveVisitor::default();
+        #[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
         let expr: ExprMethodCall = syn::parse2(input).expect("should be a valid method call");
         visitor.visit_expr_method_call(&expr);
         if !visitor.errors.is_empty() {
diff --git a/support/linting/src/forbid_keys_remove.rs b/support/linting/src/forbid_keys_remove.rs
index 204020fa22..163eeb703a 100644
--- a/support/linting/src/forbid_keys_remove.rs
+++ b/support/linting/src/forbid_keys_remove.rs
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ fn is_keys_remove_call(func: &Expr, args: &Punctuated<Expr, Comma>) -> bool {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
+    #![allow(clippy::expect_used)]
     use super::*;
     use quote::quote;
 
diff --git a/support/linting/src/forbid_saturating_math.rs b/support/linting/src/forbid_saturating_math.rs
index 9ad5385b36..02f99c0bcd 100644
--- a/support/linting/src/forbid_saturating_math.rs
+++ b/support/linting/src/forbid_saturating_math.rs
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ fn is_saturating_math_call(func: &Expr) -> bool {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
+    #![allow(clippy::expect_used)]
     use super::*;
     use quote::quote;
 
diff --git a/support/linting/src/require_freeze_struct.rs b/support/linting/src/require_freeze_struct.rs
index a1d86109e4..b697c5b824 100644
--- a/support/linting/src/require_freeze_struct.rs
+++ b/support/linting/src/require_freeze_struct.rs
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ fn is_derive_encode_or_decode(attr: &Attribute) -> bool {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
+    #![allow(clippy::expect_used)]
     use super::*;
 
     fn lint_struct(input: &str) -> Result {

From d511dad22ac1a7f0024f387499a341bea8c1f1fb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Greg Zaitsev <gregz@opentensor.dev>
Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2025 14:15:42 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 099/218] Remove unneeded comment

---
 pallets/proxy/src/lib.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/pallets/proxy/src/lib.rs b/pallets/proxy/src/lib.rs
index cdcda2046e..93ac568668 100644
--- a/pallets/proxy/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/proxy/src/lib.rs
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
                     T::AnnouncementDepositFactor::get(),
                     pending.len(),
                 )?
-                .ok_or(Error::<T>::AnnouncementDepositInvariantViolated)?; // <- new error instead of expect
+                .ok_or(Error::<T>::AnnouncementDepositInvariantViolated)?;
 
                 *deposit = new_deposit;
                 Ok::<(), DispatchError>(())

From 593ad2e787d577c12958d0de27e690cd28803f96 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Greg Zaitsev <gregz@opentensor.dev>
Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2025 14:58:56 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 100/218] Fix clippy and tests for all featrues

---
 node/src/benchmarking.rs                 | 1 +
 pallets/collective/src/benchmarking.rs   | 6 +++++-
 pallets/collective/src/lib.rs            | 1 +
 pallets/commitments/src/benchmarking.rs  | 2 +-
 pallets/proxy/src/benchmarking.rs        | 8 +++++---
 pallets/registry/src/benchmarking.rs     | 6 +++++-
 pallets/subtensor/src/utils/try_state.rs | 1 +
 runtime/src/lib.rs                       | 1 +
 8 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/node/src/benchmarking.rs b/node/src/benchmarking.rs
index ad2abfc935..4acece56f4 100644
--- a/node/src/benchmarking.rs
+++ b/node/src/benchmarking.rs
@@ -105,6 +105,7 @@ impl frame_benchmarking_cli::ExtrinsicBuilder for TransferKeepAliveBuilder {
 // Create a transaction using the given `call`.
 //
 // Note: Should only be used for benchmarking.
+#[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
 pub fn create_benchmark_extrinsic(
     client: &FullClient,
     sender: sp_core::sr25519::Pair,
diff --git a/pallets/collective/src/benchmarking.rs b/pallets/collective/src/benchmarking.rs
index dcca9dd3b0..ec5c736614 100644
--- a/pallets/collective/src/benchmarking.rs
+++ b/pallets/collective/src/benchmarking.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,11 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 //! Staking pallet benchmarking.
-#![allow(clippy::arithmetic_side_effects, clippy::indexing_slicing)]
+#![allow(
+    clippy::arithmetic_side_effects,
+    clippy::expect_used,
+    clippy::indexing_slicing
+)]
 
 use super::*;
 use crate::Pallet as Collective;
diff --git a/pallets/collective/src/lib.rs b/pallets/collective/src/lib.rs
index 67090badc6..8a9fc09fb5 100644
--- a/pallets/collective/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/collective/src/lib.rs
@@ -1131,6 +1131,7 @@ impl<
     }
 
     #[cfg(feature = "runtime-benchmarks")]
+    #[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
     fn try_successful_origin() -> Result<O, ()> {
         let zero_account_id =
             AccountId::decode(&mut sp_runtime::traits::TrailingZeroInput::zeroes())
diff --git a/pallets/commitments/src/benchmarking.rs b/pallets/commitments/src/benchmarking.rs
index d09083f749..d385c6f57f 100644
--- a/pallets/commitments/src/benchmarking.rs
+++ b/pallets/commitments/src/benchmarking.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 //! Benchmarking setup
 #![cfg(feature = "runtime-benchmarks")]
-#![allow(clippy::arithmetic_side_effects)]
+#![allow(clippy::arithmetic_side_effects, clippy::expect_used)]
 use super::*;
 
 #[allow(unused)]
diff --git a/pallets/proxy/src/benchmarking.rs b/pallets/proxy/src/benchmarking.rs
index 8b1f5ababf..9a759e1846 100644
--- a/pallets/proxy/src/benchmarking.rs
+++ b/pallets/proxy/src/benchmarking.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 // Benchmarks for Proxy Pallet
 
 #![cfg(feature = "runtime-benchmarks")]
-#![allow(clippy::arithmetic_side_effects)]
+#![allow(clippy::arithmetic_side_effects, clippy::unwrap_used)]
 
 use super::*;
 use crate::Pallet as Proxy;
@@ -321,7 +321,8 @@ mod benchmarks {
             0,
         );
 
-        let pure_account = Pallet::<T>::pure_account(&caller, &T::ProxyType::default(), 0, None);
+        let pure_account =
+            Pallet::<T>::pure_account(&caller, &T::ProxyType::default(), 0, None).unwrap();
         assert_last_event::<T>(
             Event::PureCreated {
                 pure: pure_account,
@@ -348,7 +349,8 @@ mod benchmarks {
         )?;
         let height = T::BlockNumberProvider::current_block_number();
         let ext_index = frame_system::Pallet::<T>::extrinsic_index().unwrap_or(0);
-        let pure_account = Pallet::<T>::pure_account(&caller, &T::ProxyType::default(), 0, None);
+        let pure_account =
+            Pallet::<T>::pure_account(&caller, &T::ProxyType::default(), 0, None).unwrap();
 
         add_proxies::<T>(p, Some(pure_account.clone()))?;
         ensure!(
diff --git a/pallets/registry/src/benchmarking.rs b/pallets/registry/src/benchmarking.rs
index f75ff1726e..7a008a4e40 100644
--- a/pallets/registry/src/benchmarking.rs
+++ b/pallets/registry/src/benchmarking.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 //! Benchmarking setup
 #![cfg(feature = "runtime-benchmarks")]
-#![allow(clippy::arithmetic_side_effects, clippy::unwrap_used)]
+#![allow(
+    clippy::arithmetic_side_effects,
+    clippy::expect_used,
+    clippy::unwrap_used
+)]
 use super::*;
 
 #[allow(unused)]
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/utils/try_state.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/utils/try_state.rs
index 4ade47eeef..ad5a8e9dc8 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/utils/try_state.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/utils/try_state.rs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ use super::*;
 impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     /// Checks [`TotalIssuance`] equals the sum of currency issuance, total stake, and total subnet
     /// locked.
+    #[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
     pub(crate) fn check_total_issuance() -> Result<(), sp_runtime::TryRuntimeError> {
         // Get the total currency issuance
         let currency_issuance = <T as Config>::Currency::total_issuance();
diff --git a/runtime/src/lib.rs b/runtime/src/lib.rs
index 0e296ec85c..645d20523e 100644
--- a/runtime/src/lib.rs
+++ b/runtime/src/lib.rs
@@ -2293,6 +2293,7 @@ impl_runtime_apis! {
             (weight, BlockWeights::get().max_block)
         }
 
+        #[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
         fn execute_block(
             block: Block,
             state_root_check: bool,

From b892a2decda5829571fa8f6d73cf64bccb3f7b2f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Greg Zaitsev <gregz@opentensor.dev>
Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2025 16:10:44 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 101/218] chore: empty commit to trigger CI


From 3a91f29d15a66185cbed751413ffe59594e2ccbc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Greg Zaitsev <gregz@opentensor.dev>
Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2025 18:43:18 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 102/218] Add protocol fees to protocol LP proportionally to
 the price

---
 pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs |  63 +++++++++++--
 pallets/swap/src/pallet/mod.rs   |   9 ++
 pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs | 155 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 220 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs
index a5237369ee..87802908e4 100644
--- a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs
@@ -113,6 +113,41 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    pub(crate) fn get_proportional_alpha_tao_and_remainders(
+        sqrt_alpha_price: U64F64,
+        amount_tao: TaoCurrency,
+        amount_alpha: AlphaCurrency,
+    ) -> (TaoCurrency, AlphaCurrency, TaoCurrency, AlphaCurrency) {
+        let price = sqrt_alpha_price.saturating_mul(sqrt_alpha_price);
+        let tao_equivalent: u64 = U64F64::saturating_from_num(u64::from(amount_alpha))
+            .saturating_mul(price)
+            .saturating_to_num();
+        let amount_tao_u64 = u64::from(amount_tao);
+
+        if tao_equivalent <= amount_tao_u64 {
+            // Too much or just enough TAO
+            (
+                tao_equivalent.into(),
+                amount_alpha,
+                amount_tao.saturating_sub(TaoCurrency::from(tao_equivalent)),
+                0.into(),
+            )
+        } else {
+            // Too much Alpha
+            let alpha_equivalent: u64 = U64F64::saturating_from_num(u64::from(amount_tao))
+                .safe_div(price)
+                .saturating_to_num();
+            (
+                amount_tao,
+                alpha_equivalent.into(),
+                0.into(),
+                u64::from(amount_alpha)
+                    .saturating_sub(alpha_equivalent)
+                    .into(),
+            )
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Adjusts protocol liquidity with new values of TAO and Alpha reserve
     pub(super) fn adjust_protocol_liquidity(
         netuid: NetUid,
@@ -129,17 +164,31 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             // Claim protocol fees and add them to liquidity
             let (tao_fees, alpha_fees) = position.collect_fees();
 
-            // Adjust liquidity
+            // Add fee reservoirs and get proportional amounts
             let current_sqrt_price = AlphaSqrtPrice::<T>::get(netuid);
+            let tao_reservoir = ScrapReservoirTao::<T>::get(netuid);
+            let alpha_reservoir = ScrapReservoirAlpha::<T>::get(netuid);
+            let (corrected_tao_delta, corrected_alpha_delta, tao_scrap, alpha_scrap) =
+                Self::get_proportional_alpha_tao_and_remainders(
+                    current_sqrt_price,
+                    tao_delta
+                        .saturating_add(TaoCurrency::from(tao_fees))
+                        .saturating_add(tao_reservoir),
+                    alpha_delta
+                        .saturating_add(AlphaCurrency::from(alpha_fees))
+                        .saturating_add(alpha_reservoir),
+                );
+
+            // Update scarp reservoirs
+            ScrapReservoirTao::<T>::insert(netuid, tao_scrap);
+            ScrapReservoirAlpha::<T>::insert(netuid, alpha_scrap);
+
+            // Adjust liquidity
             let maybe_token_amounts = position.to_token_amounts(current_sqrt_price);
             if let Ok((tao, alpha)) = maybe_token_amounts {
                 // Get updated reserves, calculate liquidity
-                let new_tao_reserve = tao
-                    .saturating_add(tao_delta.to_u64())
-                    .saturating_add(tao_fees);
-                let new_alpha_reserve = alpha
-                    .saturating_add(alpha_delta.to_u64())
-                    .saturating_add(alpha_fees);
+                let new_tao_reserve = tao.saturating_add(corrected_tao_delta.to_u64());
+                let new_alpha_reserve = alpha.saturating_add(corrected_alpha_delta.to_u64());
                 let new_liquidity = helpers_128bit::sqrt(
                     (new_tao_reserve as u128).saturating_mul(new_alpha_reserve as u128),
                 ) as u64;
diff --git a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/mod.rs b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/mod.rs
index fc1894da7d..1501f9cb37 100644
--- a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/mod.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/mod.rs
@@ -147,6 +147,15 @@ mod pallet {
         ValueQuery,
     >;
 
+    /// TAO reservoir for scraps of protocol claimed fees.
+    #[pallet::storage]
+    pub type ScrapReservoirTao<T> = StorageMap<_, Twox64Concat, NetUid, TaoCurrency, ValueQuery>;
+
+    /// Alpha reservoir for scraps of protocol claimed fees.
+    #[pallet::storage]
+    pub type ScrapReservoirAlpha<T> =
+        StorageMap<_, Twox64Concat, NetUid, AlphaCurrency, ValueQuery>;
+
     #[pallet::event]
     #[pallet::generate_deposit(pub(super) fn deposit_event)]
     pub enum Event<T: Config> {
diff --git a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs
index f793f8d332..0d70fd6df8 100644
--- a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs
@@ -2744,3 +2744,158 @@ fn test_clear_protocol_liquidity_green_path() {
         assert!(!SwapV3Initialized::<Test>::contains_key(netuid));
     });
 }
+
+fn as_tuple(
+    (t_used, a_used, t_rem, a_rem): (TaoCurrency, AlphaCurrency, TaoCurrency, AlphaCurrency),
+) -> (u64, u64, u64, u64) {
+    (
+        u64::from(t_used),
+        u64::from(a_used),
+        u64::from(t_rem),
+        u64::from(a_rem),
+    )
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn proportional_when_price_is_one_and_tao_is_plenty() {
+    // sqrt_price = 1.0  => price = 1.0
+    let sqrt = U64F64::from_num(1u64);
+    let amount_tao: TaoCurrency = 10u64.into();
+    let amount_alpha: AlphaCurrency = 3u64.into();
+
+    // alpha * price = 3 * 1 = 3 <= amount_tao(10)
+    let out =
+        Pallet::<Test>::get_proportional_alpha_tao_and_remainders(sqrt, amount_tao, amount_alpha);
+    assert_eq!(as_tuple(out), (3, 3, 7, 0));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn proportional_when_price_is_one_and_alpha_is_excess() {
+    // sqrt_price = 1.0  => price = 1.0
+    let sqrt = U64F64::from_num(1u64);
+    let amount_tao: TaoCurrency = 5u64.into();
+    let amount_alpha: AlphaCurrency = 10u64.into();
+
+    // tao is limiting: alpha_equiv = floor(5 / 1) = 5
+    let out =
+        Pallet::<Test>::get_proportional_alpha_tao_and_remainders(sqrt, amount_tao, amount_alpha);
+    assert_eq!(as_tuple(out), (5, 5, 0, 5));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn proportional_with_higher_price_and_alpha_limiting() {
+    // Choose sqrt_price = 2.0 => price = 4.0 (since implementation squares it)
+    let sqrt = U64F64::from_num(2u64);
+    let amount_tao: TaoCurrency = 50u64.into();
+    let amount_alpha: AlphaCurrency = 20u64.into();
+
+    // tao_equivalent = alpha * price = 20 * 4 = 80 > 50 => tao limits alpha
+    // alpha_equivalent = floor(50 / 4) = 12
+    // remainders: tao 0, alpha 20 - 12 = 8
+    let out =
+        Pallet::<Test>::get_proportional_alpha_tao_and_remainders(sqrt, amount_tao, amount_alpha);
+    assert_eq!(as_tuple(out), (50, 12, 0, 8));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn zero_price_uses_no_tao_and_all_alpha() {
+    // sqrt_price = 0 => price = 0
+    let sqrt = U64F64::from_num(0u64);
+    let amount_tao: TaoCurrency = 42u64.into();
+    let amount_alpha: AlphaCurrency = 17u64.into();
+
+    // tao_equivalent = 17 * 0 = 0 <= 42
+    let out =
+        Pallet::<Test>::get_proportional_alpha_tao_and_remainders(sqrt, amount_tao, amount_alpha);
+    assert_eq!(as_tuple(out), (0, 17, 42, 0));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn rounding_down_behavior_when_dividing_by_price() {
+    // sqrt_price = 2.0 => price = 4.0
+    let sqrt = U64F64::from_num(2u64);
+    let amount_tao: TaoCurrency = 13u64.into();
+    let amount_alpha: AlphaCurrency = 100u64.into();
+
+    // tao is limiting; alpha_equiv = floor(13 / 4) = 3
+    // remainders: tao 0, alpha 100 - 3 = 97
+    let out =
+        Pallet::<Test>::get_proportional_alpha_tao_and_remainders(sqrt, amount_tao, amount_alpha);
+    assert_eq!(as_tuple(out), (13, 3, 0, 97));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn exact_fit_when_tao_matches_alpha_times_price() {
+    // sqrt_price = 1.0 => price = 1.0
+    let sqrt = U64F64::from_num(1u64);
+    let amount_tao: TaoCurrency = 9u64.into();
+    let amount_alpha: AlphaCurrency = 9u64.into();
+
+    let out =
+        Pallet::<Test>::get_proportional_alpha_tao_and_remainders(sqrt, amount_tao, amount_alpha);
+    assert_eq!(as_tuple(out), (9, 9, 0, 0));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn handles_zero_balances() {
+    let sqrt = U64F64::from_num(1u64);
+
+    // Zero TAO, some alpha
+    let out =
+        Pallet::<Test>::get_proportional_alpha_tao_and_remainders(sqrt, 0u64.into(), 7u64.into());
+    // tao limits; alpha_equiv = floor(0 / 1) = 0
+    assert_eq!(as_tuple(out), (0, 0, 0, 7));
+
+    // Some TAO, zero alpha
+    let out =
+        Pallet::<Test>::get_proportional_alpha_tao_and_remainders(sqrt, 7u64.into(), 0u64.into());
+    // tao_equiv = 0 * 1 = 0 <= 7
+    assert_eq!(as_tuple(out), (0, 0, 7, 0));
+
+    // Both zero
+    let out =
+        Pallet::<Test>::get_proportional_alpha_tao_and_remainders(sqrt, 0u64.into(), 0u64.into());
+    assert_eq!(as_tuple(out), (0, 0, 0, 0));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn adjust_protocol_liquidity_uses_and_sets_scrap_reservoirs() {
+    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
+        // --- Arrange
+        let netuid: NetUid = 1u16.into();
+        // Price = 1.0 (since sqrt_price^2 = 1), so proportional match is 1:1
+        AlphaSqrtPrice::<Test>::insert(netuid, U64F64::saturating_from_num(1u64));
+
+        // Start with some non-zero scrap reservoirs
+        ScrapReservoirTao::<Test>::insert(netuid, TaoCurrency::from(7u64));
+        ScrapReservoirAlpha::<Test>::insert(netuid, AlphaCurrency::from(5u64));
+
+        // Create a minimal protocol position so the function’s body executes.
+        let protocol = Pallet::<Test>::protocol_account_id();
+        let position = Position::new(
+            PositionId::from(0),
+            netuid,
+            TickIndex::MIN,
+            TickIndex::MAX,
+            0,
+        );
+        // Ensure collect_fees() returns (0,0) via zeroed fees in `position` (default).
+        Positions::<Test>::insert((netuid, protocol, position.id), position.clone());
+
+        // --- Act
+        // No external deltas or fees; only reservoirs should be considered.
+        // With price=1, the exact proportional pair uses 5 alpha and 5 tao,
+        // leaving tao scrap = 7 - 5 = 2, alpha scrap = 5 - 5 = 0.
+        Pallet::<Test>::adjust_protocol_liquidity(netuid, 0u64.into(), 0u64.into());
+
+        // --- Assert: reservoirs were READ (used in proportional calc) and then SET (updated)
+        assert_eq!(
+            ScrapReservoirTao::<Test>::get(netuid),
+            TaoCurrency::from(2u64)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            ScrapReservoirAlpha::<Test>::get(netuid),
+            AlphaCurrency::from(0u64)
+        );
+    });
+}

From ca6aad7285541e9019b557e6ae0a3e2011203c61 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" <github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 10 Oct 2025 03:07:37 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 103/218] auto-update benchmark weights

---
 pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs b/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
index 79e310e3c3..cb0f53cf26 100644
--- a/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
@@ -1249,7 +1249,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
         /// The extrinsic will call the Subtensor pallet to set the minimum delegate take.
         #[pallet::call_index(46)]
         #[pallet::weight((
-            Weight::from_parts(9_918_000, 0).saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
+            Weight::from_parts(5_500_000, 0).saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
             DispatchClass::Operational,
             Pays::Yes
         ))]

From 99345b1432da317ecf7bd3ac1742aeb61da86360 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 10 Oct 2025 15:19:49 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 104/218] Refactor code

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/helpers.rs | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/helpers.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/helpers.rs
index ecd2251ac2..f568178877 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/helpers.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/helpers.rs
@@ -334,14 +334,14 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     /// The function uses AlphaMapCleanLastKey as a storage for key iterator between runs.
     pub fn populate_root_coldkey_staking_maps() {
         // Get starting key for the batch. Get the first key if we restart the process.
-        let mut starting_raw_key = AlphaMapLastKey::<T>::get();
+        let mut new_starting_raw_key = AlphaMapLastKey::<T>::get();
         let mut starting_key = None;
-        if starting_raw_key.is_none() {
+        if new_starting_raw_key.is_none() {
             starting_key = Alpha::<T>::iter_keys().next();
-            starting_raw_key = starting_key.as_ref().map(Alpha::<T>::hashed_key_for);
+            new_starting_raw_key = starting_key.as_ref().map(Alpha::<T>::hashed_key_for);
         }
 
-        if let Some(starting_raw_key) = starting_raw_key {
+        if let Some(starting_raw_key) = new_starting_raw_key {
             // Get the key batch
             let mut keys = Alpha::<T>::iter_keys_from(starting_raw_key)
                 .take(ALPHA_MAP_BATCH_SIZE)

From cc324ec9e605a7e19a27c3f1a0d06b9b892067cd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 10 Oct 2025 15:19:58 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 105/218] Add migration

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/hooks.rs         |  4 +-
 .../migrate_remove_tao_dividends.rs           | 60 +++++++++++++++++++
 pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/mod.rs       |  1 +
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/migration.rs      | 26 ++++++++
 4 files changed, 90 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_remove_tao_dividends.rs

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/hooks.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/hooks.rs
index a3cb7a692f..1ff7924e4a 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/hooks.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/hooks.rs
@@ -147,7 +147,9 @@ mod hooks {
                 // Migrate Lock Reduction Interval
                 .saturating_add(migrations::migrate_network_lock_reduction_interval::migrate_network_lock_reduction_interval::<T>())
                 // Migrate subnet locked balances
-                .saturating_add(migrations::migrate_subnet_locked::migrate_restore_subnet_locked::<T>());
+                .saturating_add(migrations::migrate_subnet_locked::migrate_restore_subnet_locked::<T>())
+                // Remove obsolete map entries
+                .saturating_add(migrations::migrate_remove_tao_dividends::migrate_remove_tao_dividends::<T>());
             weight
         }
 
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_remove_tao_dividends.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_remove_tao_dividends.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c556576da7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_remove_tao_dividends.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+use crate::{Config, HasMigrationRun};
+use alloc::string::String;
+use frame_support::pallet_prelude::Weight;
+use frame_support::traits::Get;
+use sp_io::KillStorageResult;
+use sp_io::hashing::twox_128;
+use sp_io::storage::clear_prefix;
+use sp_std::vec::Vec;
+fn remove_prefix<T: Config>(old_map: &str) -> Weight {
+    let mut prefix = Vec::new();
+    prefix.extend_from_slice(&twox_128("SubtensorModule".as_bytes()));
+    prefix.extend_from_slice(&twox_128(old_map.as_bytes()));
+
+    let removal_results = clear_prefix(&prefix, Some(u32::MAX));
+
+    let removed_entries_count = match removal_results {
+        KillStorageResult::AllRemoved(removed) => removed as u64,
+        KillStorageResult::SomeRemaining(removed) => {
+            log::info!("Failed To Remove Some Items During migration");
+            removed as u64
+        }
+    };
+
+    log::info!("Removed {removed_entries_count:?} entries from {old_map:?} map.");
+
+    T::DbWeight::get().writes(removed_entries_count)
+}
+
+pub fn migrate_remove_tao_dividends<T: Config>() -> Weight {
+    let migration_name = b"migrate_remove_tao_dividends".to_vec();
+    let mut weight = T::DbWeight::get().reads(1);
+
+    if HasMigrationRun::<T>::get(&migration_name) {
+        log::info!(
+            "Migration '{:?}' has already run. Skipping.",
+            String::from_utf8_lossy(&migration_name)
+        );
+        return weight;
+    }
+
+    log::info!(
+        "Running migration '{}'",
+        String::from_utf8_lossy(&migration_name)
+    );
+
+    // Remove obsolete map entries
+    let weight1 = remove_prefix::<T>("TaoDividendsPerSubnet");
+    let weight2 = remove_prefix::<T>("PendingAlphaSwapped");
+
+    // Mark Migration as Completed
+    HasMigrationRun::<T>::insert(&migration_name, true);
+    weight = weight.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1));
+
+    log::info!(
+        "Migration '{:?}' completed successfully.",
+        String::from_utf8_lossy(&migration_name)
+    );
+
+    weight.saturating_add(weight1).saturating_add(weight2)
+}
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/mod.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/mod.rs
index ef2df8bdec..524fba2488 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/mod.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/mod.rs
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ pub mod migrate_rate_limiting_last_blocks;
 pub mod migrate_remove_commitments_rate_limit;
 pub mod migrate_remove_network_modality;
 pub mod migrate_remove_stake_map;
+pub mod migrate_remove_tao_dividends;
 pub mod migrate_remove_total_hotkey_coldkey_stakes_this_interval;
 pub mod migrate_remove_unused_maps_and_values;
 pub mod migrate_remove_zero_total_hotkey_alpha;
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/migration.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/migration.rs
index b37c25f04c..2e0840e1f7 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/migration.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/migration.rs
@@ -2044,3 +2044,29 @@ fn test_migrate_restore_subnet_locked_65_128() {
         );
     });
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn test_migrate_remove_tao_dividends() {
+    const MIGRATION_NAME: &str = "migrate_remove_tao_dividends";
+    let pallet_name = "SubtensorModule";
+    let storage_name = "TaoDividendsPerSubnet";
+    let migration =
+        crate::migrations::migrate_remove_tao_dividends::migrate_remove_tao_dividends::<Test>;
+
+    test_remove_storage_item(
+        MIGRATION_NAME,
+        pallet_name,
+        storage_name,
+        migration,
+        200_000,
+    );
+
+    let storage_name = "PendingAlphaSwapped";
+    test_remove_storage_item(
+        MIGRATION_NAME,
+        pallet_name,
+        storage_name,
+        migration,
+        200_000,
+    );
+}

From c44138d5d2e6c419978945353f44970a0889f372 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: gztensor <166415444+gztensor@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 10 Oct 2025 09:06:28 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 106/218] Update pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs

Co-authored-by: Cameron Fairchild <cameron@opentensor.ai>
---
 pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs
index 87802908e4..34b5e624e6 100644
--- a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/impls.rs
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                         .saturating_add(alpha_reservoir),
                 );
 
-            // Update scarp reservoirs
+            // Update scrap reservoirs
             ScrapReservoirTao::<T>::insert(netuid, tao_scrap);
             ScrapReservoirAlpha::<T>::insert(netuid, alpha_scrap);
 

From 6084f4948db7116cd6360c2278e59c01e70a44f1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: gztensor <166415444+gztensor@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 10 Oct 2025 09:08:07 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 107/218] Update pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs

Co-authored-by: Cameron Fairchild <cameron@opentensor.ai>
---
 pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs
index 0d70fd6df8..1f627fd265 100644
--- a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs
@@ -2783,7 +2783,7 @@ fn proportional_when_price_is_one_and_alpha_is_excess() {
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn proportional_with_higher_price_and_alpha_limiting() {
+fn proportional_with_higher_price_and_tao_limiting() {
     // Choose sqrt_price = 2.0 => price = 4.0 (since implementation squares it)
     let sqrt = U64F64::from_num(2u64);
     let amount_tao: TaoCurrency = 50u64.into();

From 3b31892478738a6a11429c0156aa039c519d9eee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Greg Zaitsev <gregz@opentensor.dev>
Date: Fri, 10 Oct 2025 12:14:39 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 108/218] Add a test with price > 1 and alpha limiting

---
 pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs | 14 ++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+)

diff --git a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs
index 1f627fd265..5b8cca643f 100644
--- a/pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs
+++ b/pallets/swap/src/pallet/tests.rs
@@ -2782,6 +2782,20 @@ fn proportional_when_price_is_one_and_alpha_is_excess() {
     assert_eq!(as_tuple(out), (5, 5, 0, 5));
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn proportional_with_higher_price_and_alpha_limiting() {
+    // Choose sqrt_price = 2.0 => price = 4.0 (since implementation squares it)
+    let sqrt = U64F64::from_num(2u64);
+    let amount_tao: TaoCurrency = 85u64.into();
+    let amount_alpha: AlphaCurrency = 20u64.into();
+
+    // tao_equivalent = alpha * price = 20 * 4 = 80 < 85 => alpha limits tao
+    // remainders: tao 5, alpha 0
+    let out =
+        Pallet::<Test>::get_proportional_alpha_tao_and_remainders(sqrt, amount_tao, amount_alpha);
+    assert_eq!(as_tuple(out), (80, 20, 5, 0));
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn proportional_with_higher_price_and_tao_limiting() {
     // Choose sqrt_price = 2.0 => price = 4.0 (since implementation squares it)

From 60ee6e61a2c03ada88b67ea6fe4f4a527d9b5c51 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sam Johnson <sam@durosoft.com>
Date: Fri, 10 Oct 2025 16:19:46 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 109/218] tweak template to mention fix_rust.sh

---
 .github/pull_request_template.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.github/pull_request_template.md b/.github/pull_request_template.md
index 1e279b2ebe..f2413b444b 100644
--- a/.github/pull_request_template.md
+++ b/.github/pull_request_template.md
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Please ensure the following tasks are completed before requesting a review:
 
 - [ ] I have performed a self-review of my own code
 - [ ] I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
-- [ ] I have run `cargo fmt` and `cargo clippy` to ensure my code is formatted and linted correctly
+- [ ] I have run `./scripts/fix_rust.sh` to ensure my code is formatted and linted correctly
 - [ ] I have made corresponding changes to the documentation
 - [ ] My changes generate no new warnings
 - [ ] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works

From f1e30513a42e33410458a56592a2d5a9ee866501 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sam Johnson <sam@durosoft.com>
Date: Fri, 10 Oct 2025 17:19:26 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 110/218] add copilot instructions

---
 .github/copilot-instructions.md | 29 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 29 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .github/copilot-instructions.md

diff --git a/.github/copilot-instructions.md b/.github/copilot-instructions.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fde965284a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/copilot-instructions.md
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+When reviewing pull requests, please adhere to and keep in mind the following:
+* Unless this PR is a hotfix or a deployment from `devnet-ready` => `devnet`, `devnet` =>
+  `testnet`, or `testnet` => `main`, all new PRs should be opened against the `devnet-ready`
+  branch. The `devnet` and `testnet` branches should only be updated via merges from
+  `devnet-ready` and `testnet-ready`, respectively, and are designed to track the current state
+  of the `devnet` and `testnet` networks. Feel free in your review to encourage people to
+  change the target to `devnet-ready` if they are targeting `main` and this is not a hotfix PR.
+* Bittensor is a substrate-based blockchain. It is critical that there are never panics in the
+  runtime, as this can brick the chain. You should be flagging any runtime/pallet code
+  (extrinsics, code that could be called by extrinsics, code in migrations, etc) that could
+  panic because of changes introduced by the PR. We do have clippy lints in place to detect
+  this, but these do not always catch everything. We CANNOT have panics in the runtime.
+* Remember that things like direct indexing (i.e. `arr[3]`) can panic and are dangerous when
+  used in a substrate runtime. Everything should be using `get` / `set` and `Result` / `Option`
+  wherever possible.
+* Similarly you should look out for unsafe math, such as scenarios where a value might
+  overflow, potential divide by zero errors, etc., programmers should always be using checked
+  or saturating math ops.
+* If one of the lints is failing (clippy / cargo fmt / cargo fix / etc), you should suggest
+  that they run `./scripts/fix_rust.sh` as this will typically auto-resolve the issue. This
+  includes issues like uncommitted `Cargo.lock`.
+* There should never be unsafe code in the runtime.
+* You should be extra careful with contributions from external contributors (users without the
+  "Nucleus" role)
+* Be extra vigilent for PRs that introduce a security vulnerability or exploit. Always call out
+  potential security vulnerabilities.
+* Code should be performant and maintainable, with maximum safety and security. $4B market cap
+  is on the line.
+* You should be concise in your review, only report legitimate issues, no fluff.
\ No newline at end of file

From 33b0083d2db868653ccbf70fd965c6eea6985af3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 13 Oct 2025 17:28:16 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 111/218] Add DoNotBreakSmartContracts trait for contract API
 stability

Mirror all ContractCallFilter dispatchables with pattern matching
to detect breaking changes at compile time.
---
 runtime/src/lib.rs | 218 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 218 insertions(+)

diff --git a/runtime/src/lib.rs b/runtime/src/lib.rs
index 4bf10091ca..0e4a003a77 100644
--- a/runtime/src/lib.rs
+++ b/runtime/src/lib.rs
@@ -1691,6 +1691,224 @@ impl Contains<RuntimeCall> for ContractCallFilter {
     }
 }
 
+/// Trait to prevent breaking changes to smart contract APIs.
+/// This trait mirrors all dispatchables exposed through ContractCallFilter.
+/// If any function signature changes, compilation will fail, alerting developers
+/// to potential breaking changes for smart contracts.
+pub trait DoNotBreakSmartContracts {
+    fn add_stake(hotkey: AccountId32, netuid: NetUid, amount_staked: TaoCurrency) {
+        let _ = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<Runtime>::add_stake(
+            RuntimeOrigin::none(),
+            hotkey,
+            netuid,
+            amount_staked,
+        );
+    }
+
+    fn remove_stake(hotkey: AccountId32, netuid: NetUid, amount_unstaked: AlphaCurrency) {
+        let _ = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<Runtime>::remove_stake(
+            RuntimeOrigin::none(),
+            hotkey,
+            netuid,
+            amount_unstaked,
+        );
+    }
+
+    fn unstake_all(hotkey: AccountId32) {
+        let _ = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<Runtime>::unstake_all(RuntimeOrigin::none(), hotkey);
+    }
+
+    fn unstake_all_alpha(hotkey: AccountId32) {
+        let _ =
+            pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<Runtime>::unstake_all_alpha(RuntimeOrigin::none(), hotkey);
+    }
+
+    fn move_stake(
+        origin_hotkey: AccountId32,
+        destination_hotkey: AccountId32,
+        origin_netuid: NetUid,
+        destination_netuid: NetUid,
+        alpha_amount: AlphaCurrency,
+    ) {
+        let _ = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<Runtime>::move_stake(
+            RuntimeOrigin::none(),
+            origin_hotkey,
+            destination_hotkey,
+            origin_netuid,
+            destination_netuid,
+            alpha_amount,
+        );
+    }
+
+    fn transfer_stake(
+        destination_coldkey: AccountId32,
+        hotkey: AccountId32,
+        origin_netuid: NetUid,
+        destination_netuid: NetUid,
+        alpha_amount: AlphaCurrency,
+    ) {
+        let _ = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<Runtime>::transfer_stake(
+            RuntimeOrigin::none(),
+            destination_coldkey,
+            hotkey,
+            origin_netuid,
+            destination_netuid,
+            alpha_amount,
+        );
+    }
+
+    fn swap_stake(
+        hotkey: AccountId32,
+        origin_netuid: NetUid,
+        destination_netuid: NetUid,
+        alpha_amount: AlphaCurrency,
+    ) {
+        let _ = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<Runtime>::swap_stake(
+            RuntimeOrigin::none(),
+            hotkey,
+            origin_netuid,
+            destination_netuid,
+            alpha_amount,
+        );
+    }
+
+    fn add_stake_limit(
+        hotkey: AccountId32,
+        netuid: NetUid,
+        amount_staked: TaoCurrency,
+        limit_price: TaoCurrency,
+        allow_partial: bool,
+    ) {
+        let _ = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<Runtime>::add_stake_limit(
+            RuntimeOrigin::none(),
+            hotkey,
+            netuid,
+            amount_staked,
+            limit_price,
+            allow_partial,
+        );
+    }
+
+    fn remove_stake_limit(
+        hotkey: AccountId32,
+        netuid: NetUid,
+        amount_unstaked: AlphaCurrency,
+        limit_price: TaoCurrency,
+        allow_partial: bool,
+    ) {
+        let _ = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<Runtime>::remove_stake_limit(
+            RuntimeOrigin::none(),
+            hotkey,
+            netuid,
+            amount_unstaked,
+            limit_price,
+            allow_partial,
+        );
+    }
+
+    fn swap_stake_limit(
+        hotkey: AccountId32,
+        origin_netuid: NetUid,
+        destination_netuid: NetUid,
+        alpha_amount: AlphaCurrency,
+        limit_price: TaoCurrency,
+        allow_partial: bool,
+    ) {
+        let _ = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<Runtime>::swap_stake_limit(
+            RuntimeOrigin::none(),
+            hotkey,
+            origin_netuid,
+            destination_netuid,
+            alpha_amount,
+            limit_price,
+            allow_partial,
+        );
+    }
+
+    fn remove_stake_full_limit(
+        hotkey: AccountId32,
+        netuid: NetUid,
+        limit_price: Option<TaoCurrency>,
+    ) {
+        let _ = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<Runtime>::remove_stake_full_limit(
+            RuntimeOrigin::none(),
+            hotkey,
+            netuid,
+            limit_price,
+        );
+    }
+
+    fn set_coldkey_auto_stake_hotkey(netuid: NetUid, hotkey: AccountId32) {
+        let _ = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<Runtime>::set_coldkey_auto_stake_hotkey(
+            RuntimeOrigin::none(),
+            netuid,
+            hotkey,
+        );
+    }
+
+    fn proxy(real: AccountId32, force_proxy_type: Option<ProxyType>, call: Box<RuntimeCall>) {
+        if let Some(proxy_type) = force_proxy_type {
+            match proxy_type {
+                ProxyType::Any => {}
+                ProxyType::Owner => {}
+                ProxyType::NonCritical => {}
+                ProxyType::NonTransfer => {}
+                ProxyType::Senate => {}
+                ProxyType::NonFungibile => {}
+                ProxyType::Triumvirate => {}
+                ProxyType::Governance => {}
+                ProxyType::Staking => {}
+                ProxyType::Registration => {}
+                ProxyType::Transfer => {}
+                ProxyType::SmallTransfer => {}
+                ProxyType::RootWeights => {}
+                ProxyType::ChildKeys => {}
+                ProxyType::SudoUncheckedSetCode => {}
+                ProxyType::SwapHotkey => {}
+                ProxyType::SubnetLeaseBeneficiary => {}
+            }
+        };
+
+        let real_lookup = sp_runtime::MultiAddress::Id(real);
+        let _ = pallet_proxy::Pallet::<Runtime>::proxy(
+            RuntimeOrigin::none(),
+            real_lookup,
+            force_proxy_type,
+            call,
+        );
+    }
+
+    fn add_proxy(delegate: AccountId32, proxy_type: ProxyType, delay: BlockNumber) {
+        match proxy_type {
+            ProxyType::Any => {}
+            ProxyType::Owner => {}
+            ProxyType::NonCritical => {}
+            ProxyType::NonTransfer => {}
+            ProxyType::Senate => {}
+            ProxyType::NonFungibile => {}
+            ProxyType::Triumvirate => {}
+            ProxyType::Governance => {}
+            ProxyType::Staking => {}
+            ProxyType::Registration => {}
+            ProxyType::Transfer => {}
+            ProxyType::SmallTransfer => {}
+            ProxyType::RootWeights => {}
+            ProxyType::ChildKeys => {}
+            ProxyType::SudoUncheckedSetCode => {}
+            ProxyType::SwapHotkey => {}
+            ProxyType::SubnetLeaseBeneficiary => {}
+        }
+
+        let delegate_lookup = sp_runtime::MultiAddress::Id(delegate);
+        let _ = pallet_proxy::Pallet::<Runtime>::add_proxy(
+            RuntimeOrigin::none(),
+            delegate_lookup,
+            proxy_type,
+            delay,
+        );
+    }
+}
+
 impl pallet_contracts::Config for Runtime {
     type Time = Timestamp;
     type Randomness = RandomnessCollectiveFlip;

From 2610ac19ce6337763728f41e5d78b524e034053c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 13 Oct 2025 17:49:05 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 112/218] docs(contracts): remove Proxy::create_pure from
 allowed calls

---
 docs/contracts.md | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/docs/contracts.md b/docs/contracts.md
index 61f01a6c97..068b9d5666 100644
--- a/docs/contracts.md
+++ b/docs/contracts.md
@@ -57,7 +57,6 @@ For security, contracts can only dispatch a limited set of runtime calls:
 - `SubtensorModule::set_coldkey_auto_stake_hotkey` - Configure the automatic stake destination for a coldkey
 - `Proxy::proxy` - Execute proxy calls
 - `Proxy::add_proxy` - Add a proxy relationship
-- `Proxy::create_pure` - Create a pure proxy account
 
 All other runtime calls are restricted and cannot be dispatched from contracts.
 

From a49015947c8af4cd0419120ad62829bc484f1feb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 13 Oct 2025 17:57:32 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 113/218] refactor(runtime): rename DoNotBreakSmartContracts
 trait

add version suffix to signal a versioned interface
---
 runtime/src/lib.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/runtime/src/lib.rs b/runtime/src/lib.rs
index 11c1349c63..fcb9ac626d 100644
--- a/runtime/src/lib.rs
+++ b/runtime/src/lib.rs
@@ -1695,7 +1695,7 @@ impl Contains<RuntimeCall> for ContractCallFilter {
 /// This trait mirrors all dispatchables exposed through ContractCallFilter.
 /// If any function signature changes, compilation will fail, alerting developers
 /// to potential breaking changes for smart contracts.
-pub trait DoNotBreakSmartContracts {
+pub trait DoNotBreakSmartContractsV1 {
     fn add_stake(hotkey: AccountId32, netuid: NetUid, amount_staked: TaoCurrency) {
         let _ = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<Runtime>::add_stake(
             RuntimeOrigin::none(),

From 0f2668cd162bed0fcbb6f35df8bc9059df9cfc4a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" <github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 13 Oct 2025 19:16:13 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 114/218] auto-update benchmark weights

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
index 78874b9f43..01f064fae7 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
@@ -1060,7 +1060,7 @@ mod dispatches {
         /// The extrinsic for user to change its hotkey in subnet or all subnets.
         #[pallet::call_index(70)]
         #[pallet::weight((Weight::from_parts(275_300_000, 0)
-        .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(49_u64))
+        .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(53_u64))
         .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(37)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::No))]
         pub fn swap_hotkey(
             origin: OriginFor<T>,
@@ -1134,7 +1134,7 @@ mod dispatches {
         ///
         #[pallet::call_index(75)]
         #[pallet::weight((
-            Weight::from_parts(45_360_000, 0)
+            Weight::from_parts(66_450_000, 0)
             .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(5))
             .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(2)),
             DispatchClass::Normal,

From 1f1c7e73cf9a8591492956c13f10b4abe8360ca5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2025 12:45:48 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 115/218] Fix merge conflicts

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs | 4 ++--
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs   | 2 ++
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
index a38e324b9d..0df66762bc 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                 let owed_tao = match Self::swap_alpha_for_tao(
                     netuid,
                     owed_u64.into(),
-                    T::SwapInterface::min_price().into(),
+                    T::SwapInterface::min_price::<TaoCurrency>(),
                     false,
                 ) {
                     Ok(owed_tao) => owed_tao,
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                     hotkey,
                     coldkey,
                     NetUid::ROOT,
-                    owed_tao.amount_paid_out.into(),
+                    owed_tao.amount_paid_out.to_u64().into(),
                 );
 
                 Self::add_stake_adjust_root_claimed_for_hotkey_and_coldkey(
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
index 98ffc146ba..4d5fe3352c 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#![allow(clippy::expect_used)]
+
 use crate::tests::mock::{
     RuntimeOrigin, SubtensorModule, Test, add_dynamic_network, new_test_ext, run_to_block,
 };

From 3d3ef0dc98f86b22d48c555a1b996d8b04985cf0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: shamil-gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2025 16:38:11 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 116/218] Update pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs

Co-authored-by: Cameron Fairchild <cameron@opentensor.ai>
---
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
index 0df66762bc..3a5d0c9e02 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         RootClaimable::<T>::mutate(hotkey, |claimable| {
             claimable
                 .entry(netuid)
-                .and_modify(|total| *total = total.saturating_add(increment))
+                .and_modify(|claim_total| *claim_total = claim_total.saturating_add(increment))
                 .or_insert(increment);
         });
     }

From ab5a274af81fe54d0a47f6d96930c4dece501727 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2025 18:16:10 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 117/218] Handle case for stake mismatch.

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs | 5 ++++-
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
index 3a5d0c9e02..e44ae0d00e 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
@@ -51,9 +51,12 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             .checked_div(total)
             .unwrap_or(I96F32::saturating_from_num(0.0));
 
+        // Unlikely to happen. This is mostly for test environment sanity checks.
         if u64::from(amount) > total.saturating_to_num::<u64>() {
-            log::error!("Not enough root stake. NetUID = {netuid}");
+            log::warn!("Not enough root stake. NetUID = {netuid}");
 
+            let owner = Owner::<T>::get(hotkey);
+            Self::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(&hotkey, &owner, netuid, amount);
             return;
         }
 

From 56d6d63c4ab0919f28be1270ccd04ca02d63ef37 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Loris Moulin <contact@lorismoulin.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2025 16:36:52 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 118/218] bump psdk with txpool log set to debug + pin
 tracing-subscriber to fix escaping issue

---
 Cargo.lock | 896 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------------
 Cargo.toml | 436 +++++++++++++-------------
 2 files changed, 680 insertions(+), 652 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index e20719b891..6cc892ad7c 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -1056,7 +1056,7 @@ checksum = "9b34d609dfbaf33d6889b2b7106d3ca345eacad44200913df5ba02bfd31d2ba9"
 [[package]]
 name = "assets-common"
 version = "0.22.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "cumulus-primitives-core",
  "ethereum-standards",
@@ -1435,7 +1435,7 @@ checksum = "55248b47b0caf0546f7988906588779981c43bb1bc9d0c44087278f80cdb44ba"
 [[package]]
 name = "binary-merkle-tree"
 version = "16.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "hash-db",
  "log",
@@ -1704,7 +1704,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "bp-header-chain"
 version = "0.21.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "bp-runtime",
  "finality-grandpa",
@@ -1721,7 +1721,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "bp-messages"
 version = "0.21.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "bp-header-chain",
  "bp-runtime",
@@ -1737,7 +1737,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "bp-parachains"
 version = "0.21.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "bp-header-chain",
  "bp-polkadot-core",
@@ -1754,7 +1754,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "bp-polkadot-core"
 version = "0.21.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "bp-messages",
  "bp-runtime",
@@ -1770,7 +1770,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "bp-relayers"
 version = "0.21.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "bp-header-chain",
  "bp-messages",
@@ -1788,7 +1788,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "bp-runtime"
 version = "0.21.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-support",
  "frame-system",
@@ -1811,7 +1811,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "bp-test-utils"
 version = "0.21.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "bp-header-chain",
  "bp-parachains",
@@ -1831,7 +1831,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "bp-xcm-bridge-hub"
 version = "0.7.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "bp-messages",
  "bp-runtime",
@@ -1848,7 +1848,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "bp-xcm-bridge-hub-router"
 version = "0.18.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "parity-scale-codec",
  "scale-info",
@@ -1860,7 +1860,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "bridge-hub-common"
 version = "0.14.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "cumulus-primitives-core",
  "frame-support",
@@ -1879,7 +1879,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "bridge-runtime-common"
 version = "0.22.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "bp-header-chain",
  "bp-messages",
@@ -2241,7 +2241,7 @@ checksum = "fe6d2e5af09e8c8ad56c969f2157a3d4238cebc7c55f0a517728c38f7b200f81"
 dependencies = [
  "serde",
  "termcolor",
- "unicode-width",
+ "unicode-width 0.2.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2288,7 +2288,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b03b7db8e0b4b2fdad6c551e634134e99ec000e5c8c3b6856c65e8bbaded7a3b"
 dependencies = [
  "unicode-segmentation",
- "unicode-width",
+ "unicode-width 0.2.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2308,15 +2308,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "console"
-version = "0.15.11"
+version = "0.15.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "054ccb5b10f9f2cbf51eb355ca1d05c2d279ce1804688d0db74b4733a5aeafd8"
+checksum = "0e1f83fc076bd6dd27517eacdf25fef6c4dfe5f1d7448bafaaf3a26f13b5e4eb"
 dependencies = [
  "encode_unicode",
+ "lazy_static",
  "libc",
- "once_cell",
- "unicode-width",
- "windows-sys 0.59.0",
+ "unicode-width 0.1.14",
+ "windows-sys 0.52.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2711,7 +2711,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "cumulus-client-bootnodes"
 version = "0.2.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "array-bytes 6.2.3",
  "async-channel 1.9.0",
@@ -2737,7 +2737,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "cumulus-client-cli"
 version = "0.24.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "clap",
  "parity-scale-codec",
@@ -2754,7 +2754,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "cumulus-client-collator"
 version = "0.24.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "cumulus-client-consensus-common",
  "cumulus-client-network",
@@ -2777,7 +2777,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "cumulus-client-consensus-aura"
 version = "0.24.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "cumulus-client-collator",
@@ -2824,7 +2824,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "cumulus-client-consensus-common"
 version = "0.24.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "cumulus-client-pov-recovery",
@@ -2856,7 +2856,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "cumulus-client-consensus-proposer"
 version = "0.20.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "async-trait",
@@ -2871,7 +2871,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "cumulus-client-consensus-relay-chain"
 version = "0.24.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "cumulus-client-consensus-common",
@@ -2894,7 +2894,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "cumulus-client-network"
 version = "0.24.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "cumulus-relay-chain-interface",
@@ -2921,7 +2921,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "cumulus-client-parachain-inherent"
 version = "0.18.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "cumulus-primitives-core",
@@ -2931,7 +2931,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "parity-scale-codec",
  "sc-client-api",
  "sc-consensus-babe",
- "sp-crypto-hashing 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234)",
+ "sp-crypto-hashing 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80)",
  "sp-inherents",
  "sp-runtime",
  "sp-state-machine",
@@ -2942,7 +2942,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "cumulus-client-pov-recovery"
 version = "0.24.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "cumulus-primitives-core",
@@ -2970,7 +2970,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "cumulus-client-service"
 version = "0.25.1"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "async-channel 1.9.0",
  "cumulus-client-cli",
@@ -3010,7 +3010,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "cumulus-pallet-aura-ext"
 version = "0.21.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "cumulus-pallet-parachain-system",
  "frame-support",
@@ -3027,7 +3027,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "cumulus-pallet-dmp-queue"
 version = "0.21.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "cumulus-primitives-core",
  "frame-benchmarking",
@@ -3044,7 +3044,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "cumulus-pallet-parachain-system"
 version = "0.21.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "cumulus-pallet-parachain-system-proc-macro",
@@ -3081,7 +3081,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "cumulus-pallet-parachain-system-proc-macro"
 version = "0.6.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro-crate 3.4.0",
  "proc-macro2",
@@ -3092,7 +3092,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "cumulus-pallet-session-benchmarking"
 version = "22.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-support",
@@ -3105,7 +3105,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "cumulus-pallet-solo-to-para"
 version = "0.21.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "cumulus-pallet-parachain-system",
  "frame-support",
@@ -3120,7 +3120,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "cumulus-pallet-weight-reclaim"
 version = "0.3.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "cumulus-primitives-storage-weight-reclaim",
  "derive-where",
@@ -3139,7 +3139,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "cumulus-pallet-xcm"
 version = "0.20.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "cumulus-primitives-core",
  "frame-support",
@@ -3154,7 +3154,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "cumulus-pallet-xcmp-queue"
 version = "0.21.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "approx",
  "bounded-collections 0.2.4",
@@ -3179,7 +3179,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "cumulus-ping"
 version = "0.21.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "cumulus-pallet-xcm",
  "cumulus-primitives-core",
@@ -3194,7 +3194,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "cumulus-primitives-aura"
 version = "0.18.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "sp-api",
  "sp-consensus-aura",
@@ -3203,7 +3203,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "cumulus-primitives-core"
 version = "0.19.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "parity-scale-codec",
  "polkadot-core-primitives",
@@ -3220,7 +3220,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "cumulus-primitives-parachain-inherent"
 version = "0.19.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "cumulus-primitives-core",
@@ -3234,7 +3234,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "cumulus-primitives-proof-size-hostfunction"
 version = "0.13.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "sp-externalities",
  "sp-runtime-interface",
@@ -3244,7 +3244,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "cumulus-primitives-storage-weight-reclaim"
 version = "12.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "cumulus-primitives-core",
  "cumulus-primitives-proof-size-hostfunction",
@@ -3261,7 +3261,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "cumulus-primitives-utility"
 version = "0.21.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "cumulus-primitives-core",
  "frame-support",
@@ -3278,7 +3278,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "cumulus-relay-chain-inprocess-interface"
 version = "0.25.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "async-channel 1.9.0",
  "async-trait",
@@ -3306,7 +3306,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "cumulus-relay-chain-interface"
 version = "0.24.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "cumulus-primitives-core",
@@ -3326,7 +3326,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "cumulus-relay-chain-minimal-node"
 version = "0.25.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "array-bytes 6.2.3",
  "async-channel 1.9.0",
@@ -3362,7 +3362,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "cumulus-relay-chain-rpc-interface"
 version = "0.24.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "cumulus-primitives-core",
@@ -3403,7 +3403,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "cumulus-relay-chain-streams"
 version = "0.2.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "cumulus-relay-chain-interface",
  "futures",
@@ -3417,7 +3417,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "cumulus-test-relay-sproof-builder"
 version = "0.20.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "cumulus-primitives-core",
  "parity-scale-codec",
@@ -4049,9 +4049,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "encode_unicode"
-version = "1.0.0"
+version = "0.3.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "34aa73646ffb006b8f5147f3dc182bd4bcb190227ce861fc4a4844bf8e3cb2c0"
+checksum = "a357d28ed41a50f9c765dbfe56cbc04a64e53e5fc58ba79fbc34c10ef3df831f"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "enum-as-inner"
@@ -4198,7 +4198,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "ethereum-standards"
 version = "0.1.1"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-core",
 ]
@@ -4415,7 +4415,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "fc-api"
 version = "1.0.0-dev"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064#a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43#e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "fp-storage",
@@ -4427,7 +4427,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "fc-aura"
 version = "1.0.0-dev"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064#a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43#e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43"
 dependencies = [
  "fc-rpc",
  "fp-storage",
@@ -4443,7 +4443,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "fc-babe"
 version = "1.0.0-dev"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064#a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43#e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43"
 dependencies = [
  "fc-rpc",
  "sc-client-api",
@@ -4459,7 +4459,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "fc-consensus"
 version = "2.0.0-dev"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064#a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43#e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "fp-consensus",
@@ -4475,7 +4475,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "fc-db"
 version = "2.0.0-dev"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064#a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43#e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "ethereum",
@@ -4505,7 +4505,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "fc-mapping-sync"
 version = "2.0.0-dev"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064#a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43#e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43"
 dependencies = [
  "fc-db",
  "fc-storage",
@@ -4528,7 +4528,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "fc-rpc"
 version = "2.0.0-dev"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064#a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43#e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43"
 dependencies = [
  "ethereum",
  "ethereum-types",
@@ -4579,7 +4579,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "fc-rpc-core"
 version = "1.1.0-dev"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064#a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43#e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43"
 dependencies = [
  "ethereum",
  "ethereum-types",
@@ -4588,13 +4588,13 @@ dependencies = [
  "rustc-hex",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
- "sp-crypto-hashing 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234)",
+ "sp-crypto-hashing 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80)",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "fc-storage"
 version = "1.0.0-dev"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064#a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43#e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43"
 dependencies = [
  "ethereum",
  "ethereum-types",
@@ -4759,7 +4759,7 @@ checksum = "00b0228411908ca8685dba7fc2cdd70ec9990a6e753e89b6ac91a84c40fbaf4b"
 [[package]]
 name = "fork-tree"
 version = "13.0.1"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "parity-scale-codec",
 ]
@@ -4786,7 +4786,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "fp-account"
 version = "1.0.0-dev"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064#a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43#e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43"
 dependencies = [
  "hex",
  "impl-serde",
@@ -4804,7 +4804,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "fp-consensus"
 version = "2.0.0-dev"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064#a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43#e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43"
 dependencies = [
  "ethereum",
  "parity-scale-codec",
@@ -4815,7 +4815,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "fp-ethereum"
 version = "1.0.0-dev"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064#a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43#e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43"
 dependencies = [
  "ethereum",
  "ethereum-types",
@@ -4827,7 +4827,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "fp-evm"
 version = "3.0.0-dev"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064#a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43#e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43"
 dependencies = [
  "environmental",
  "evm",
@@ -4843,7 +4843,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "fp-rpc"
 version = "3.0.0-dev"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064#a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43#e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43"
 dependencies = [
  "ethereum",
  "ethereum-types",
@@ -4859,7 +4859,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "fp-self-contained"
 version = "1.0.0-dev"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064#a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43#e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-support",
  "parity-scale-codec",
@@ -4871,7 +4871,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "fp-storage"
 version = "2.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064#a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43#e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43"
 dependencies = [
  "parity-scale-codec",
  "serde",
@@ -4886,7 +4886,7 @@ checksum = "28dd6caf6059519a65843af8fe2a3ae298b14b80179855aeb4adc2c1934ee619"
 [[package]]
 name = "frame-benchmarking"
 version = "41.0.1"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-support",
  "frame-support-procedural",
@@ -4910,7 +4910,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "frame-benchmarking-cli"
 version = "49.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "Inflector",
  "array-bytes 6.2.3",
@@ -4975,7 +4975,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "frame-benchmarking-pallet-pov"
 version = "31.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-support",
@@ -5003,7 +5003,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "frame-election-provider-solution-type"
 version = "16.1.1"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro-crate 3.4.0",
  "proc-macro2",
@@ -5014,7 +5014,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "frame-election-provider-support"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-election-provider-solution-type",
  "frame-support",
@@ -5031,7 +5031,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "frame-executive"
 version = "41.0.1"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "aquamarine",
  "frame-support",
@@ -5084,7 +5084,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "frame-metadata-hash-extension"
 version = "0.9.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "array-bytes 6.2.3",
  "const-hex",
@@ -5100,7 +5100,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "frame-storage-access-test-runtime"
 version = "0.2.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "cumulus-pallet-parachain-system",
  "parity-scale-codec",
@@ -5114,7 +5114,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "frame-support"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "aquamarine",
  "array-bytes 6.2.3",
@@ -5155,7 +5155,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "frame-support-procedural"
 version = "34.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "Inflector",
  "cfg-expr",
@@ -5168,7 +5168,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro-warning",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "sp-crypto-hashing 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234)",
+ "sp-crypto-hashing 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80)",
  "syn 2.0.106",
 ]
 
@@ -5188,7 +5188,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "frame-support-procedural-tools"
 version = "13.0.1"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-support-procedural-tools-derive 12.0.0",
  "proc-macro-crate 3.4.0",
@@ -5211,7 +5211,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "frame-support-procedural-tools-derive"
 version = "12.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -5221,7 +5221,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "frame-system"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "docify",
@@ -5240,7 +5240,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "frame-system-benchmarking"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-support",
@@ -5254,7 +5254,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "frame-system-rpc-runtime-api"
 version = "37.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "docify",
  "parity-scale-codec",
@@ -5264,7 +5264,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "frame-try-runtime"
 version = "0.47.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-support",
  "parity-scale-codec",
@@ -7640,11 +7640,11 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "matchers"
-version = "0.2.0"
+version = "0.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d1525a2a28c7f4fa0fc98bb91ae755d1e2d1505079e05539e35bc876b5d65ae9"
+checksum = "8263075bb86c5a1b1427b5ae862e8889656f126e9f77c484496e8b47cf5c5558"
 dependencies = [
- "regex-automata",
+ "regex-automata 0.1.10",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -7790,7 +7790,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "mmr-gadget"
 version = "46.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "futures",
  "log",
@@ -7809,7 +7809,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "mmr-rpc"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "jsonrpsee",
  "parity-scale-codec",
@@ -8401,11 +8401,12 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "nu-ansi-term"
-version = "0.50.1"
+version = "0.46.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d4a28e057d01f97e61255210fcff094d74ed0466038633e95017f5beb68e4399"
+checksum = "77a8165726e8236064dbb45459242600304b42a5ea24ee2948e18e023bf7ba84"
 dependencies = [
- "windows-sys 0.52.0",
+ "overload",
+ "winapi",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -8700,6 +8701,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn 1.0.109",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "overload"
+version = "0.1.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b15813163c1d831bf4a13c3610c05c0d03b39feb07f7e09fa234dac9b15aaf39"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-admin-utils"
 version = "4.0.0-dev"
@@ -8736,7 +8743,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-alliance"
 version = "40.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "array-bytes 6.2.3",
  "frame-benchmarking",
@@ -8748,7 +8755,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "parity-scale-codec",
  "scale-info",
  "sp-core",
- "sp-crypto-hashing 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234)",
+ "sp-crypto-hashing 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80)",
  "sp-io",
  "sp-runtime",
 ]
@@ -8756,7 +8763,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-asset-conversion"
 version = "23.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-support",
@@ -8774,7 +8781,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-asset-conversion-ops"
 version = "0.9.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-support",
@@ -8792,7 +8799,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-asset-conversion-tx-payment"
 version = "23.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-support",
@@ -8807,7 +8814,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-asset-rate"
 version = "20.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-support",
@@ -8821,7 +8828,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-asset-rewards"
 version = "0.3.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-support",
@@ -8839,7 +8846,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-asset-tx-payment"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-support",
@@ -8855,7 +8862,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-assets"
 version = "43.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "ethereum-standards",
  "frame-benchmarking",
@@ -8873,7 +8880,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-assets-freezer"
 version = "0.8.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "log",
  "pallet-assets",
@@ -8885,7 +8892,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-assets-holder"
 version = "0.3.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-support",
@@ -8900,7 +8907,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-atomic-swap"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "parity-scale-codec",
  "polkadot-sdk-frame",
@@ -8910,7 +8917,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-aura"
 version = "40.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-support",
  "frame-system",
@@ -8926,7 +8933,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-authority-discovery"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-support",
  "frame-system",
@@ -8941,7 +8948,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-authorship"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-support",
  "frame-system",
@@ -8954,7 +8961,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-babe"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-support",
@@ -8977,7 +8984,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-bags-list"
 version = "40.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "aquamarine",
  "docify",
@@ -8998,7 +9005,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-balances"
 version = "42.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "docify",
  "frame-benchmarking",
@@ -9014,7 +9021,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-base-fee"
 version = "1.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064#a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43#e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43"
 dependencies = [
  "fp-evm",
  "frame-support",
@@ -9028,7 +9035,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-beefy"
 version = "42.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-support",
  "frame-system",
@@ -9047,7 +9054,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-beefy-mmr"
 version = "42.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "array-bytes 6.2.3",
  "binary-merkle-tree",
@@ -9072,7 +9079,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-bounties"
 version = "40.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-support",
@@ -9089,7 +9096,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-bridge-grandpa"
 version = "0.21.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "bp-header-chain",
  "bp-runtime",
@@ -9108,7 +9115,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-bridge-messages"
 version = "0.21.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "bp-header-chain",
  "bp-messages",
@@ -9127,7 +9134,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-bridge-parachains"
 version = "0.21.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "bp-header-chain",
  "bp-parachains",
@@ -9147,7 +9154,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-bridge-relayers"
 version = "0.21.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "bp-header-chain",
  "bp-messages",
@@ -9170,7 +9177,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-broker"
 version = "0.20.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "bitvec",
  "frame-benchmarking",
@@ -9188,7 +9195,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-child-bounties"
 version = "40.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-support",
@@ -9206,7 +9213,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-collator-selection"
 version = "22.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-support",
@@ -9225,7 +9232,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-collective"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "docify",
  "frame-benchmarking",
@@ -9242,7 +9249,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-collective-content"
 version = "0.19.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-support",
@@ -9283,7 +9290,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-contracts"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "environmental",
  "frame-benchmarking",
@@ -9314,7 +9321,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-contracts-mock-network"
 version = "18.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-support",
  "frame-system",
@@ -9345,7 +9352,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-contracts-proc-macro"
 version = "23.0.3"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -9355,7 +9362,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-contracts-uapi"
 version = "14.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags 1.3.2",
  "parity-scale-codec",
@@ -9366,7 +9373,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-conviction-voting"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "assert_matches",
  "frame-benchmarking",
@@ -9382,7 +9389,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-core-fellowship"
 version = "25.0.1"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-support",
@@ -9419,7 +9426,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-delegated-staking"
 version = "8.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-support",
  "frame-system",
@@ -9434,7 +9441,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-democracy"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-support",
@@ -9451,7 +9458,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-dev-mode"
 version = "23.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-support",
  "frame-system",
@@ -9500,7 +9507,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-dummy-dim"
 version = "0.2.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-support",
@@ -9518,7 +9525,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-election-provider-multi-block"
 version = "0.2.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-election-provider-support",
@@ -9539,7 +9546,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-election-provider-multi-phase"
 version = "40.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-election-provider-support",
@@ -9560,7 +9567,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-election-provider-support-benchmarking"
 version = "40.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-election-provider-support",
@@ -9573,7 +9580,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-elections-phragmen"
 version = "42.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-support",
@@ -9591,7 +9598,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-ethereum"
 version = "4.0.0-dev"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064#a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43#e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43"
 dependencies = [
  "ethereum",
  "ethereum-types",
@@ -9614,7 +9621,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-evm"
 version = "6.0.0-dev"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064#a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43#e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43"
 dependencies = [
  "cumulus-primitives-storage-weight-reclaim",
  "environmental",
@@ -9639,7 +9646,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-evm-chain-id"
 version = "1.0.0-dev"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064#a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43#e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-support",
  "frame-system",
@@ -9650,7 +9657,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-evm-precompile-bn128"
 version = "2.0.0-dev"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064#a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43#e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43"
 dependencies = [
  "fp-evm",
  "sp-core",
@@ -9660,7 +9667,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-evm-precompile-dispatch"
 version = "2.0.0-dev"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064#a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43#e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43"
 dependencies = [
  "fp-evm",
  "frame-support",
@@ -9672,7 +9679,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-evm-precompile-modexp"
 version = "2.0.0-dev"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064#a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43#e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43"
 dependencies = [
  "fp-evm",
  "num",
@@ -9681,7 +9688,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-evm-precompile-sha3fips"
 version = "2.0.0-dev"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064#a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43#e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43"
 dependencies = [
  "fp-evm",
  "tiny-keccak",
@@ -9690,7 +9697,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-evm-precompile-simple"
 version = "2.0.0-dev"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064#a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43#e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43"
 dependencies = [
  "fp-evm",
  "ripemd",
@@ -9700,7 +9707,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-fast-unstake"
 version = "40.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "docify",
  "frame-benchmarking",
@@ -9718,7 +9725,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-glutton"
 version = "27.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "blake2 0.10.6",
  "frame-benchmarking",
@@ -9736,7 +9743,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-grandpa"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-support",
@@ -9758,7 +9765,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-hotfix-sufficients"
 version = "1.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064#a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43#e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-support",
@@ -9773,7 +9780,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-identity"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "enumflags2",
  "frame-benchmarking",
@@ -9789,7 +9796,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-im-online"
 version = "40.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-support",
@@ -9808,7 +9815,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-indices"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-support",
@@ -9823,7 +9830,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-insecure-randomness-collective-flip"
 version = "29.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "parity-scale-codec",
  "polkadot-sdk-frame",
@@ -9834,7 +9841,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-lottery"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-support",
@@ -9847,7 +9854,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-membership"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-support",
@@ -9863,7 +9870,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-message-queue"
 version = "44.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "environmental",
  "frame-benchmarking",
@@ -9882,7 +9889,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-meta-tx"
 version = "0.3.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "docify",
  "frame-benchmarking",
@@ -9900,7 +9907,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-migrations"
 version = "11.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "docify",
  "frame-benchmarking",
@@ -9919,7 +9926,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-mixnet"
 version = "0.17.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "log",
  "parity-scale-codec",
@@ -9933,7 +9940,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-mmr"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "log",
  "parity-scale-codec",
@@ -9945,7 +9952,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-multisig"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "log",
  "parity-scale-codec",
@@ -9956,7 +9963,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-nft-fractionalization"
 version = "24.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "log",
  "pallet-assets",
@@ -9969,7 +9976,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-nfts"
 version = "35.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "enumflags2",
  "frame-benchmarking",
@@ -9986,7 +9993,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-nis"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "parity-scale-codec",
  "polkadot-sdk-frame",
@@ -9996,7 +10003,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-node-authorization"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "log",
  "parity-scale-codec",
@@ -10007,7 +10014,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-nomination-pools"
 version = "39.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-support",
  "frame-system",
@@ -10025,7 +10032,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-nomination-pools-benchmarking"
 version = "39.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-election-provider-support",
@@ -10045,7 +10052,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-nomination-pools-runtime-api"
 version = "37.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "pallet-nomination-pools",
  "parity-scale-codec",
@@ -10055,7 +10062,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-offences"
 version = "40.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-support",
  "frame-system",
@@ -10070,7 +10077,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-offences-benchmarking"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-election-provider-support",
@@ -10093,7 +10100,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-origin-restriction"
 version = "0.2.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-support",
@@ -10111,7 +10118,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-paged-list"
 version = "0.19.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "docify",
  "parity-scale-codec",
@@ -10122,7 +10129,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-parameters"
 version = "0.12.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "docify",
  "frame-benchmarking",
@@ -10139,7 +10146,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-people"
 version = "0.2.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-support",
@@ -10157,7 +10164,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-preimage"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-support",
@@ -10173,7 +10180,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-proxy"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "parity-scale-codec",
  "polkadot-sdk-frame",
@@ -10183,7 +10190,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-ranked-collective"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-support",
@@ -10201,7 +10208,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-recovery"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "parity-scale-codec",
  "polkadot-sdk-frame",
@@ -10211,7 +10218,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-referenda"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "assert_matches",
  "frame-benchmarking",
@@ -10246,7 +10253,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-remark"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-support",
@@ -10261,7 +10268,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-revive"
 version = "0.7.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-core",
  "derive_more 0.99.20",
@@ -10307,7 +10314,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-revive-fixtures"
 version = "0.4.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "cargo_metadata",
@@ -10321,7 +10328,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-revive-proc-macro"
 version = "0.3.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -10331,7 +10338,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-revive-uapi"
 version = "0.5.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags 1.3.2",
  "pallet-revive-proc-macro",
@@ -10343,7 +10350,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-root-offences"
 version = "38.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-support",
  "frame-system",
@@ -10359,7 +10366,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-root-testing"
 version = "17.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-support",
  "frame-system",
@@ -10372,7 +10379,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-safe-mode"
 version = "22.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "docify",
  "pallet-balances",
@@ -10386,7 +10393,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-salary"
 version = "26.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "log",
  "pallet-ranked-collective",
@@ -10398,7 +10405,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-scheduler"
 version = "42.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "docify",
  "frame-benchmarking",
@@ -10415,7 +10422,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-scored-pool"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-support",
  "frame-system",
@@ -10428,7 +10435,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-session"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-support",
  "frame-system",
@@ -10449,7 +10456,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-session-benchmarking"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-support",
@@ -10465,7 +10472,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-skip-feeless-payment"
 version = "16.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-support",
  "frame-system",
@@ -10477,7 +10484,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-society"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-support",
@@ -10494,7 +10501,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-staking"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-election-provider-support",
@@ -10516,7 +10523,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-staking-async"
 version = "0.2.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-election-provider-support",
@@ -10539,7 +10546,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-staking-async-ah-client"
 version = "0.2.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-support",
  "frame-system",
@@ -10558,7 +10565,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-staking-async-rc-client"
 version = "0.2.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-support",
  "frame-system",
@@ -10575,7 +10582,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-staking-reward-curve"
 version = "12.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro-crate 3.4.0",
  "proc-macro2",
@@ -10586,7 +10593,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-staking-reward-fn"
 version = "23.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "log",
  "sp-arithmetic",
@@ -10595,7 +10602,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-staking-runtime-api"
 version = "27.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "parity-scale-codec",
  "sp-api",
@@ -10605,7 +10612,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-state-trie-migration"
 version = "46.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-support",
@@ -10621,7 +10628,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-statement"
 version = "23.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-support",
  "frame-system",
@@ -10685,7 +10692,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "tle",
  "tracing",
  "tracing-log",
- "tracing-subscriber 0.3.20",
+ "tracing-subscriber 0.3.18",
  "w3f-bls 0.1.3",
 ]
 
@@ -10795,7 +10802,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-sudo"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "docify",
  "frame-benchmarking",
@@ -10810,7 +10817,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-timestamp"
 version = "40.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "docify",
  "frame-benchmarking",
@@ -10828,7 +10835,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-tips"
 version = "40.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-support",
@@ -10846,7 +10853,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-transaction-payment"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-support",
@@ -10861,7 +10868,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-transaction-payment-rpc"
 version = "44.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "jsonrpsee",
  "pallet-transaction-payment-rpc-runtime-api",
@@ -10877,7 +10884,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-transaction-payment-rpc-runtime-api"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "pallet-transaction-payment",
  "parity-scale-codec",
@@ -10889,7 +10896,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-transaction-storage"
 version = "40.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "array-bytes 6.2.3",
  "frame-benchmarking",
@@ -10908,7 +10915,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-treasury"
 version = "40.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "docify",
  "frame-benchmarking",
@@ -10927,7 +10934,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-tx-pause"
 version = "22.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "docify",
  "parity-scale-codec",
@@ -10938,7 +10945,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-uniques"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-support",
@@ -10952,7 +10959,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-utility"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-support",
@@ -10967,7 +10974,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-verify-signature"
 version = "0.4.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-support",
@@ -10982,7 +10989,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-vesting"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-support",
@@ -10996,7 +11003,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-whitelist"
 version = "40.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "parity-scale-codec",
  "polkadot-sdk-frame",
@@ -11006,7 +11013,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-xcm"
 version = "20.1.3"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "bounded-collections 0.2.4",
  "frame-benchmarking",
@@ -11032,7 +11039,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-xcm-benchmarks"
 version = "21.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-benchmarking",
  "frame-support",
@@ -11049,7 +11056,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-xcm-bridge-hub"
 version = "0.17.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "bp-messages",
  "bp-runtime",
@@ -11071,7 +11078,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-xcm-bridge-hub-router"
 version = "0.19.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "bp-xcm-bridge-hub-router",
  "frame-benchmarking",
@@ -11091,7 +11098,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "parachains-common"
 version = "22.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "cumulus-primitives-core",
  "cumulus-primitives-utility",
@@ -11430,7 +11437,7 @@ checksum = "7edddbd0b52d732b21ad9a5fab5c704c14cd949e5e9a1ec5929a24fded1b904c"
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-approval-distribution"
 version = "24.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "futures",
  "futures-timer",
@@ -11448,7 +11455,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-availability-bitfield-distribution"
 version = "24.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "futures",
  "futures-timer",
@@ -11463,7 +11470,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-availability-distribution"
 version = "24.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "fatality",
  "futures",
@@ -11486,7 +11493,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-availability-recovery"
 version = "24.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "fatality",
@@ -11519,7 +11526,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-cli"
 version = "25.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "clap",
  "frame-benchmarking-cli",
@@ -11543,7 +11550,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-collator-protocol"
 version = "24.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "bitvec",
  "fatality",
@@ -11566,7 +11573,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-core-primitives"
 version = "18.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "parity-scale-codec",
  "scale-info",
@@ -11577,7 +11584,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-dispute-distribution"
 version = "24.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "fatality",
  "futures",
@@ -11599,7 +11606,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-erasure-coding"
 version = "20.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "parity-scale-codec",
  "polkadot-node-primitives",
@@ -11613,7 +11620,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-gossip-support"
 version = "24.0.1"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "futures",
  "futures-timer",
@@ -11626,7 +11633,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "sc-network",
  "sp-application-crypto",
  "sp-core",
- "sp-crypto-hashing 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234)",
+ "sp-crypto-hashing 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80)",
  "sp-keystore",
  "tracing-gum",
 ]
@@ -11634,7 +11641,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-network-bridge"
 version = "24.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "always-assert",
  "async-trait",
@@ -11657,7 +11664,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-node-collation-generation"
 version = "24.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "futures",
  "parity-scale-codec",
@@ -11675,7 +11682,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-node-core-approval-voting"
 version = "24.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "bitvec",
@@ -11707,7 +11714,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-node-core-approval-voting-parallel"
 version = "0.7.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "futures",
@@ -11731,7 +11738,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-node-core-av-store"
 version = "24.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "bitvec",
  "futures",
@@ -11750,7 +11757,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-node-core-backing"
 version = "24.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "bitvec",
  "fatality",
@@ -11771,7 +11778,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-node-core-bitfield-signing"
 version = "24.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "futures",
  "polkadot-node-subsystem",
@@ -11786,7 +11793,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-node-core-candidate-validation"
 version = "24.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "futures",
@@ -11808,7 +11815,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-node-core-chain-api"
 version = "24.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "futures",
  "polkadot-node-metrics",
@@ -11822,7 +11829,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-node-core-chain-selection"
 version = "24.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "futures",
  "futures-timer",
@@ -11838,7 +11845,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-node-core-dispute-coordinator"
 version = "24.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "fatality",
  "futures",
@@ -11856,7 +11863,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-node-core-parachains-inherent"
 version = "24.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "futures",
@@ -11873,7 +11880,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-node-core-prospective-parachains"
 version = "23.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "fatality",
  "futures",
@@ -11887,7 +11894,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-node-core-provisioner"
 version = "24.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "bitvec",
  "fatality",
@@ -11904,7 +11911,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-node-core-pvf"
 version = "24.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "always-assert",
  "array-bytes 6.2.3",
@@ -11932,7 +11939,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-node-core-pvf-checker"
 version = "24.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "futures",
  "polkadot-node-subsystem",
@@ -11945,7 +11952,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-node-core-pvf-common"
 version = "20.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "cpu-time",
  "futures",
@@ -11960,7 +11967,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "sc-executor-wasmtime",
  "seccompiler",
  "sp-core",
- "sp-crypto-hashing 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234)",
+ "sp-crypto-hashing 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80)",
  "sp-externalities",
  "sp-io",
  "sp-tracing",
@@ -11971,7 +11978,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-node-core-runtime-api"
 version = "24.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "futures",
  "polkadot-node-metrics",
@@ -11986,7 +11993,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-node-metrics"
 version = "24.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "bs58",
  "futures",
@@ -12003,7 +12010,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-node-network-protocol"
 version = "24.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "async-channel 1.9.0",
  "async-trait",
@@ -12028,7 +12035,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-node-primitives"
 version = "20.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "bitvec",
  "bounded-vec",
@@ -12052,7 +12059,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-node-subsystem"
 version = "24.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "polkadot-node-subsystem-types",
  "polkadot-overseer",
@@ -12061,7 +12068,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-node-subsystem-types"
 version = "24.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "derive_more 0.99.20",
@@ -12089,7 +12096,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-node-subsystem-util"
 version = "24.0.1"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "fatality",
  "futures",
@@ -12120,7 +12127,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-omni-node-lib"
 version = "0.7.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "clap",
@@ -12206,7 +12213,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-overseer"
 version = "24.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "futures",
@@ -12226,7 +12233,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-parachain-primitives"
 version = "17.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "bounded-collections 0.2.4",
  "derive_more 0.99.20",
@@ -12242,7 +12249,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-primitives"
 version = "19.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "bitvec",
  "bounded-collections 0.2.4",
@@ -12271,7 +12278,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-rpc"
 version = "25.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "jsonrpsee",
  "mmr-rpc",
@@ -12304,7 +12311,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-runtime-common"
 version = "20.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "bitvec",
  "frame-benchmarking",
@@ -12354,7 +12361,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-runtime-metrics"
 version = "21.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "bs58",
  "frame-benchmarking",
@@ -12366,7 +12373,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-runtime-parachains"
 version = "20.0.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags 1.3.2",
  "bitvec",
@@ -12414,7 +12421,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-sdk"
 version = "2506.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "assets-common",
  "bridge-hub-common",
@@ -12572,7 +12579,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-sdk-frame"
 version = "0.10.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "docify",
  "frame-benchmarking",
@@ -12607,7 +12614,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-service"
 version = "25.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "frame-benchmarking",
@@ -12715,7 +12722,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-statement-distribution"
 version = "24.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "bitvec",
  "fatality",
@@ -12735,7 +12742,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "polkadot-statement-table"
 version = "20.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "parity-scale-codec",
  "polkadot-primitives",
@@ -13008,7 +13015,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "precompile-utils"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064#a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43#e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43"
 dependencies = [
  "environmental",
  "evm",
@@ -13032,14 +13039,14 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "precompile-utils-macro"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064#a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/frontier?rev=e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43#e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43"
 dependencies = [
  "case",
  "num_enum",
  "prettyplease",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "sp-crypto-hashing 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234)",
+ "sp-crypto-hashing 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80)",
  "syn 2.0.106",
 ]
 
@@ -13221,7 +13228,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "regex",
- "sp-crypto-hashing 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234)",
+ "sp-crypto-hashing 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80)",
  "syn 2.0.106",
 ]
 
@@ -13276,7 +13283,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "rand 0.9.2",
  "rand_chacha 0.9.0",
  "rand_xorshift",
- "regex-syntax",
+ "regex-syntax 0.8.6",
  "rusty-fork",
  "tempfile",
  "unarray",
@@ -13716,8 +13723,17 @@ checksum = "8b5288124840bee7b386bc413c487869b360b2b4ec421ea56425128692f2a82c"
 dependencies = [
  "aho-corasick",
  "memchr",
- "regex-automata",
- "regex-syntax",
+ "regex-automata 0.4.11",
+ "regex-syntax 0.8.6",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "regex-automata"
+version = "0.1.10"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6c230d73fb8d8c1b9c0b3135c5142a8acee3a0558fb8db5cf1cb65f8d7862132"
+dependencies = [
+ "regex-syntax 0.6.29",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -13728,9 +13744,15 @@ checksum = "833eb9ce86d40ef33cb1306d8accf7bc8ec2bfea4355cbdebb3df68b40925cad"
 dependencies = [
  "aho-corasick",
  "memchr",
- "regex-syntax",
+ "regex-syntax 0.8.6",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "regex-syntax"
+version = "0.6.29"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f162c6dd7b008981e4d40210aca20b4bd0f9b60ca9271061b07f78537722f2e1"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "regex-syntax"
 version = "0.8.6"
@@ -13836,7 +13858,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "rococo-runtime"
 version = "24.0.1"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "binary-merkle-tree",
  "bitvec",
@@ -13934,7 +13956,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "rococo-runtime-constants"
 version = "21.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-support",
  "polkadot-primitives",
@@ -14330,7 +14352,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-allocator"
 version = "32.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "log",
  "sp-core",
@@ -14341,7 +14363,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-authority-discovery"
 version = "0.51.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "futures",
@@ -14372,7 +14394,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-basic-authorship"
 version = "0.50.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "futures",
  "log",
@@ -14393,7 +14415,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-block-builder"
 version = "0.45.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "parity-scale-codec",
  "sp-api",
@@ -14408,7 +14430,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-chain-spec"
 version = "44.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "array-bytes 6.2.3",
  "clap",
@@ -14424,7 +14446,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde_json",
  "sp-blockchain",
  "sp-core",
- "sp-crypto-hashing 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234)",
+ "sp-crypto-hashing 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80)",
  "sp-genesis-builder",
  "sp-io",
  "sp-runtime",
@@ -14435,7 +14457,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-chain-spec-derive"
 version = "12.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro-crate 3.4.0",
  "proc-macro2",
@@ -14446,7 +14468,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-cli"
 version = "0.53.1"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "array-bytes 6.2.3",
  "chrono",
@@ -14488,7 +14510,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-client-api"
 version = "40.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "fnv",
  "futures",
@@ -14514,7 +14536,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-client-db"
 version = "0.47.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "hash-db",
  "kvdb",
@@ -14542,7 +14564,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-consensus"
 version = "0.50.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "futures",
@@ -14565,7 +14587,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-consensus-aura"
 version = "0.51.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "futures",
@@ -14594,7 +14616,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-consensus-babe"
 version = "0.51.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "fork-tree",
@@ -14619,7 +14641,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "sp-consensus-babe",
  "sp-consensus-slots",
  "sp-core",
- "sp-crypto-hashing 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234)",
+ "sp-crypto-hashing 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80)",
  "sp-inherents",
  "sp-keystore",
  "sp-runtime",
@@ -14630,7 +14652,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-consensus-babe-rpc"
 version = "0.51.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "futures",
  "jsonrpsee",
@@ -14652,7 +14674,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-consensus-beefy"
 version = "30.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "array-bytes 6.2.3",
  "async-channel 1.9.0",
@@ -14686,7 +14708,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-consensus-beefy-rpc"
 version = "30.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "futures",
  "jsonrpsee",
@@ -14706,7 +14728,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-consensus-epochs"
 version = "0.50.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "fork-tree",
  "parity-scale-codec",
@@ -14719,7 +14741,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-consensus-grandpa"
 version = "0.36.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "ahash",
  "array-bytes 6.2.3",
@@ -14753,7 +14775,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "sp-consensus",
  "sp-consensus-grandpa",
  "sp-core",
- "sp-crypto-hashing 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234)",
+ "sp-crypto-hashing 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80)",
  "sp-keystore",
  "sp-runtime",
  "substrate-prometheus-endpoint",
@@ -14763,7 +14785,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-consensus-grandpa-rpc"
 version = "0.36.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "finality-grandpa",
  "futures",
@@ -14783,7 +14805,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-consensus-manual-seal"
 version = "0.52.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "assert_matches",
  "async-trait",
@@ -14818,7 +14840,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-consensus-slots"
 version = "0.50.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "futures",
@@ -14841,7 +14863,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-executor"
 version = "0.43.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "parity-scale-codec",
  "parking_lot 0.12.5",
@@ -14864,7 +14886,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-executor-common"
 version = "0.39.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "polkavm 0.24.0",
  "sc-allocator",
@@ -14877,7 +14899,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-executor-polkavm"
 version = "0.36.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "log",
  "polkavm 0.24.0",
@@ -14888,7 +14910,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-executor-wasmtime"
 version = "0.39.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "log",
@@ -14904,7 +14926,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-informant"
 version = "0.50.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "console",
  "futures",
@@ -14920,7 +14942,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-keystore"
 version = "36.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "array-bytes 6.2.3",
  "parking_lot 0.12.5",
@@ -14934,7 +14956,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-mixnet"
 version = "0.21.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "array-bytes 6.2.3",
  "arrayvec 0.7.6",
@@ -14962,7 +14984,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-network"
 version = "0.51.1"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "array-bytes 6.2.3",
  "async-channel 1.9.0",
@@ -15012,7 +15034,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-network-common"
 version = "0.49.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags 1.3.2",
  "parity-scale-codec",
@@ -15022,7 +15044,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-network-gossip"
 version = "0.51.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "ahash",
  "futures",
@@ -15041,7 +15063,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-network-light"
 version = "0.50.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "array-bytes 6.2.3",
  "async-channel 1.9.0",
@@ -15062,7 +15084,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-network-statement"
 version = "0.33.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "array-bytes 6.2.3",
  "async-channel 1.9.0",
@@ -15082,7 +15104,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-network-sync"
 version = "0.50.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "array-bytes 6.2.3",
  "async-channel 1.9.0",
@@ -15117,7 +15139,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-network-transactions"
 version = "0.50.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "array-bytes 6.2.3",
  "futures",
@@ -15136,7 +15158,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-network-types"
 version = "0.17.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "bs58",
  "bytes",
@@ -15157,7 +15179,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-offchain"
 version = "46.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "fnv",
@@ -15191,7 +15213,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-proposer-metrics"
 version = "0.20.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "log",
  "substrate-prometheus-endpoint",
@@ -15200,7 +15222,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-rpc"
 version = "46.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "futures",
  "jsonrpsee",
@@ -15232,7 +15254,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-rpc-api"
 version = "0.50.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "jsonrpsee",
  "parity-scale-codec",
@@ -15252,7 +15274,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-rpc-server"
 version = "23.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "dyn-clone",
  "forwarded-header-value",
@@ -15276,7 +15298,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-rpc-spec-v2"
 version = "0.51.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "array-bytes 6.2.3",
  "futures",
@@ -15309,13 +15331,13 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-runtime-utilities"
 version = "0.3.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "parity-scale-codec",
  "sc-executor",
  "sc-executor-common",
  "sp-core",
- "sp-crypto-hashing 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234)",
+ "sp-crypto-hashing 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80)",
  "sp-state-machine",
  "sp-wasm-interface",
  "thiserror 1.0.69",
@@ -15324,7 +15346,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-service"
 version = "0.52.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "directories",
@@ -15388,7 +15410,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-state-db"
 version = "0.39.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "log",
  "parity-scale-codec",
@@ -15399,7 +15421,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-statement-store"
 version = "22.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "log",
  "parity-db",
@@ -15418,7 +15440,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-storage-monitor"
 version = "0.25.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "clap",
  "fs4",
@@ -15431,7 +15453,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-sync-state-rpc"
 version = "0.51.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "jsonrpsee",
  "parity-scale-codec",
@@ -15450,7 +15472,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-sysinfo"
 version = "43.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "derive_more 0.99.20",
  "futures",
@@ -15463,14 +15485,14 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "sp-core",
- "sp-crypto-hashing 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234)",
+ "sp-crypto-hashing 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80)",
  "sp-io",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-telemetry"
 version = "29.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "chrono",
  "futures",
@@ -15489,7 +15511,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-tracing"
 version = "40.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "chrono",
  "console",
@@ -15511,13 +15533,13 @@ dependencies = [
  "thiserror 1.0.69",
  "tracing",
  "tracing-log",
- "tracing-subscriber 0.3.20",
+ "tracing-subscriber 0.3.18",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-tracing-proc-macro"
 version = "11.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro-crate 3.4.0",
  "proc-macro2",
@@ -15528,7 +15550,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-transaction-pool"
 version = "40.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "futures",
@@ -15545,7 +15567,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "sp-api",
  "sp-blockchain",
  "sp-core",
- "sp-crypto-hashing 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234)",
+ "sp-crypto-hashing 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80)",
  "sp-runtime",
  "sp-tracing",
  "sp-transaction-pool",
@@ -15559,7 +15581,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-transaction-pool-api"
 version = "40.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "futures",
@@ -15576,7 +15598,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sc-utils"
 version = "19.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "async-channel 1.9.0",
  "futures",
@@ -16274,7 +16296,7 @@ checksum = "826167069c09b99d56f31e9ae5c99049e932a98c9dc2dac47645b08dbbf76ba7"
 [[package]]
 name = "slot-range-helper"
 version = "18.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "enumn",
  "parity-scale-codec",
@@ -16537,7 +16559,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "snowbridge-core"
 version = "0.14.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "bp-relayers",
  "frame-support",
@@ -16621,7 +16643,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-api"
 version = "37.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "docify",
  "hash-db",
@@ -16643,7 +16665,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-api-proc-macro"
 version = "23.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "Inflector",
  "blake2 0.10.6",
@@ -16657,7 +16679,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-application-crypto"
 version = "41.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "parity-scale-codec",
  "scale-info",
@@ -16669,7 +16691,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-arithmetic"
 version = "27.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "docify",
  "integer-sqrt",
@@ -16692,7 +16714,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-authority-discovery"
 version = "37.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "parity-scale-codec",
  "scale-info",
@@ -16704,7 +16726,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-block-builder"
 version = "37.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "sp-api",
  "sp-inherents",
@@ -16714,7 +16736,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-blockchain"
 version = "40.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "futures",
  "parity-scale-codec",
@@ -16733,7 +16755,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-consensus"
 version = "0.43.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "futures",
@@ -16747,7 +16769,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-consensus-aura"
 version = "0.43.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "parity-scale-codec",
@@ -16763,7 +16785,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-consensus-babe"
 version = "0.43.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "parity-scale-codec",
@@ -16781,7 +16803,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-consensus-beefy"
 version = "25.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "parity-scale-codec",
  "scale-info",
@@ -16789,7 +16811,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "sp-api",
  "sp-application-crypto",
  "sp-core",
- "sp-crypto-hashing 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234)",
+ "sp-crypto-hashing 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80)",
  "sp-io",
  "sp-keystore",
  "sp-mmr-primitives",
@@ -16801,7 +16823,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-consensus-grandpa"
 version = "24.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "finality-grandpa",
  "log",
@@ -16818,7 +16840,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-consensus-slots"
 version = "0.43.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "parity-scale-codec",
  "scale-info",
@@ -16829,7 +16851,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-core"
 version = "37.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "ark-vrf",
  "array-bytes 6.2.3",
@@ -16860,7 +16882,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "secrecy 0.8.0",
  "serde",
  "sha2 0.10.9",
- "sp-crypto-hashing 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234)",
+ "sp-crypto-hashing 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80)",
  "sp-debug-derive",
  "sp-externalities",
  "sp-runtime-interface",
@@ -16877,7 +16899,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-crypto-ec-utils"
 version = "0.16.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "ark-bls12-377",
  "ark-bls12-377-ext",
@@ -16911,7 +16933,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-crypto-hashing"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "blake2b_simd",
  "byteorder",
@@ -16924,17 +16946,17 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-crypto-hashing-proc-macro"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "quote",
- "sp-crypto-hashing 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234)",
+ "sp-crypto-hashing 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80)",
  "syn 2.0.106",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-database"
 version = "10.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "kvdb",
  "parking_lot 0.12.5",
@@ -16943,7 +16965,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-debug-derive"
 version = "14.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -16953,7 +16975,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-externalities"
 version = "0.30.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "environmental",
  "parity-scale-codec",
@@ -16963,7 +16985,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-genesis-builder"
 version = "0.18.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "parity-scale-codec",
  "scale-info",
@@ -16975,7 +16997,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-inherents"
 version = "37.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "impl-trait-for-tuples",
@@ -16988,7 +17010,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-io"
 version = "41.0.1"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "docify",
@@ -17000,7 +17022,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "rustversion",
  "secp256k1 0.28.2",
  "sp-core",
- "sp-crypto-hashing 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234)",
+ "sp-crypto-hashing 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80)",
  "sp-externalities",
  "sp-keystore",
  "sp-runtime-interface",
@@ -17014,7 +17036,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-keyring"
 version = "42.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "sp-core",
  "sp-runtime",
@@ -17024,7 +17046,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-keystore"
 version = "0.43.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "parity-scale-codec",
  "parking_lot 0.12.5",
@@ -17035,7 +17057,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-maybe-compressed-blob"
 version = "11.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "thiserror 1.0.69",
  "zstd 0.12.4",
@@ -17044,7 +17066,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-metadata-ir"
 version = "0.11.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-metadata 23.0.0",
  "parity-scale-codec",
@@ -17054,7 +17076,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-mixnet"
 version = "0.15.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "parity-scale-codec",
  "scale-info",
@@ -17065,7 +17087,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-mmr-primitives"
 version = "37.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "log",
  "parity-scale-codec",
@@ -17082,7 +17104,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-npos-elections"
 version = "37.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "parity-scale-codec",
  "scale-info",
@@ -17095,7 +17117,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-offchain"
 version = "37.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "sp-api",
  "sp-core",
@@ -17105,7 +17127,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-panic-handler"
 version = "13.0.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "backtrace",
  "regex",
@@ -17114,7 +17136,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-rpc"
 version = "35.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "rustc-hash 1.1.0",
  "serde",
@@ -17124,7 +17146,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-runtime"
 version = "42.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "binary-merkle-tree",
  "docify",
@@ -17153,7 +17175,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-runtime-interface"
 version = "30.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "impl-trait-for-tuples",
@@ -17172,7 +17194,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-runtime-interface-proc-macro"
 version = "19.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "Inflector",
  "expander",
@@ -17185,7 +17207,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-session"
 version = "39.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "parity-scale-codec",
  "scale-info",
@@ -17199,7 +17221,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-staking"
 version = "39.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "impl-trait-for-tuples",
  "parity-scale-codec",
@@ -17212,7 +17234,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-state-machine"
 version = "0.46.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "hash-db",
  "log",
@@ -17232,7 +17254,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-statement-store"
 version = "21.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "aes-gcm",
  "curve25519-dalek",
@@ -17245,7 +17267,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "sp-api",
  "sp-application-crypto",
  "sp-core",
- "sp-crypto-hashing 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234)",
+ "sp-crypto-hashing 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80)",
  "sp-externalities",
  "sp-runtime",
  "sp-runtime-interface",
@@ -17256,12 +17278,12 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-std"
 version = "14.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-storage"
 version = "22.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "impl-serde",
  "parity-scale-codec",
@@ -17273,7 +17295,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-timestamp"
 version = "37.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "parity-scale-codec",
@@ -17285,18 +17307,18 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-tracing"
 version = "17.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "parity-scale-codec",
  "tracing",
  "tracing-core",
- "tracing-subscriber 0.3.20",
+ "tracing-subscriber 0.3.18",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-transaction-pool"
 version = "37.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "sp-api",
  "sp-runtime",
@@ -17305,7 +17327,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-transaction-storage-proof"
 version = "37.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "parity-scale-codec",
@@ -17319,7 +17341,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-trie"
 version = "40.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "ahash",
  "foldhash 0.1.5",
@@ -17344,7 +17366,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-version"
 version = "40.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "impl-serde",
  "parity-scale-codec",
@@ -17361,7 +17383,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-version-proc-macro"
 version = "15.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "parity-scale-codec",
  "proc-macro-warning",
@@ -17373,7 +17395,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-wasm-interface"
 version = "22.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "impl-trait-for-tuples",
@@ -17385,7 +17407,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "sp-weights"
 version = "32.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "bounded-collections 0.2.4",
  "parity-scale-codec",
@@ -17559,7 +17581,7 @@ checksum = "a8f112729512f8e442d81f95a8a7ddf2b7c6b8a1a6f509a95864142b30cab2d3"
 [[package]]
 name = "staging-chain-spec-builder"
 version = "12.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "clap",
  "docify",
@@ -17572,7 +17594,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "staging-node-inspect"
 version = "0.29.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "clap",
  "parity-scale-codec",
@@ -17590,7 +17612,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "staging-parachain-info"
 version = "0.21.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "cumulus-primitives-core",
  "frame-support",
@@ -17603,7 +17625,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "staging-xcm"
 version = "17.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "array-bytes 6.2.3",
  "bounded-collections 0.2.4",
@@ -17624,7 +17646,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "staging-xcm-builder"
 version = "21.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "environmental",
  "frame-support",
@@ -17648,7 +17670,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "staging-xcm-executor"
 version = "20.0.1"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "environmental",
  "frame-benchmarking",
@@ -17760,7 +17782,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "substrate-bip39"
 version = "0.6.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "hmac 0.12.1",
  "pbkdf2",
@@ -17785,7 +17807,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "substrate-build-script-utils"
 version = "11.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "substrate-fixed"
@@ -17801,7 +17823,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "substrate-frame-rpc-system"
 version = "45.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "docify",
  "frame-system-rpc-runtime-api",
@@ -17821,7 +17843,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "substrate-prometheus-endpoint"
 version = "0.17.6"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "http-body-util",
  "hyper 1.7.0",
@@ -17835,7 +17857,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "substrate-state-trie-migration-rpc"
 version = "44.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "jsonrpsee",
  "parity-scale-codec",
@@ -17862,7 +17884,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "substrate-wasm-builder"
 version = "27.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "array-bytes 6.2.3",
  "build-helper",
@@ -18387,9 +18409,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "termcolor"
-version = "1.4.1"
+version = "1.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "06794f8f6c5c898b3275aebefa6b8a1cb24cd2c6c79397ab15774837a0bc5755"
+checksum = "be55cf8942feac5c765c2c993422806843c9a9a45d4d5c407ad6dd2ea95eb9b6"
 dependencies = [
  "winapi-util",
 ]
@@ -18860,7 +18882,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "tracing-gum"
 version = "20.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "coarsetime",
  "polkadot-primitives",
@@ -18871,7 +18893,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "tracing-gum-proc-macro"
 version = "5.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "expander",
  "proc-macro-crate 3.4.0",
@@ -18902,15 +18924,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tracing-subscriber"
-version = "0.3.20"
+version = "0.3.18"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2054a14f5307d601f88daf0553e1cbf472acc4f2c51afab632431cdcd72124d5"
+checksum = "ad0f048c97dbd9faa9b7df56362b8ebcaa52adb06b498c050d2f4e32f90a7a8b"
 dependencies = [
  "matchers",
  "nu-ansi-term",
  "once_cell",
  "parking_lot 0.12.5",
- "regex-automata",
+ "regex",
  "sharded-slab",
  "smallvec",
  "thread_local",
@@ -19054,6 +19076,12 @@ version = "1.12.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f6ccf251212114b54433ec949fd6a7841275f9ada20dddd2f29e9ceea4501493"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-width"
+version = "0.1.14"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7dd6e30e90baa6f72411720665d41d89b9a3d039dc45b8faea1ddd07f617f6af"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-width"
 version = "0.2.2"
@@ -19816,7 +19844,7 @@ checksum = "5f20c57d8d7db6d3b86154206ae5d8fba62dd39573114de97c2cb0578251f8e1"
 [[package]]
 name = "westend-runtime"
 version = "24.0.1"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "binary-merkle-tree",
  "bitvec",
@@ -19923,7 +19951,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "westend-runtime-constants"
 version = "21.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-support",
  "polkadot-primitives",
@@ -20476,7 +20504,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "xcm-procedural"
 version = "11.0.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "Inflector",
  "proc-macro2",
@@ -20487,7 +20515,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "xcm-runtime-apis"
 version = "0.8.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-support",
  "parity-scale-codec",
@@ -20501,7 +20529,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "xcm-simulator"
 version = "21.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234#7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234"
+source = "git+https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git?rev=81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80#81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80"
 dependencies = [
  "frame-support",
  "frame-system",
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index bae503765c..ce2f3cf2ed 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ serde_with = { version = "3.14.0", default-features = false }
 smallvec = "1.13.2"
 tracing = "0.1"
 tracing-log = "0.2"
-tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3" }
+tracing-subscriber = { version = "=0.3.18" }
 litep2p = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/litep2p", tag = "v0.7.0", default-features = false }
 syn = { version = "2.0.106", default-features = false }
 quote = { version = "1", default-features = false }
@@ -232,35 +232,35 @@ polkadot-sdk = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk.git", tag = "
 runtime-common = { package = "polkadot-runtime-common", git = "https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk.git", tag = "polkadot-stable2503-6", default-features = false }
 
 # Frontier
-fp-evm = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064", default-features = false }
-fp-rpc = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064", default-features = false }
-fp-self-contained = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064", default-features = false }
-fp-account = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064", default-features = false }
-fc-storage = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064", default-features = false }
-fc-db = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064", default-features = false }
-fc-consensus = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064", default-features = false }
-fp-consensus = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064", default-features = false }
-fp-dynamic-fee = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064", default-features = false }
-fc-api = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064", default-features = false }
-fc-rpc = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064", default-features = false }
-fc-rpc-core = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064", default-features = false }
-fc-aura = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064", default-features = false }
-fc-babe = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064", default-features = false }
-fc-mapping-sync = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064", default-features = false }
-precompile-utils = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064", default-features = false }
+fp-evm = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43", default-features = false }
+fp-rpc = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43", default-features = false }
+fp-self-contained = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43", default-features = false }
+fp-account = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43", default-features = false }
+fc-storage = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43", default-features = false }
+fc-db = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43", default-features = false }
+fc-consensus = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43", default-features = false }
+fp-consensus = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43", default-features = false }
+fp-dynamic-fee = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43", default-features = false }
+fc-api = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43", default-features = false }
+fc-rpc = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43", default-features = false }
+fc-rpc-core = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43", default-features = false }
+fc-aura = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43", default-features = false }
+fc-babe = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43", default-features = false }
+fc-mapping-sync = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43", default-features = false }
+precompile-utils = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43", default-features = false }
 
 # Frontier FRAME
-pallet-base-fee = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064", default-features = false }
-pallet-dynamic-fee = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064", default-features = false }
-pallet-ethereum = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064", default-features = false }
-pallet-evm = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064", default-features = false }
-pallet-evm-precompile-dispatch = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064", default-features = false }
-pallet-evm-chain-id = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064", default-features = false }
-pallet-evm-precompile-modexp = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064", default-features = false }
-pallet-evm-precompile-sha3fips = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064", default-features = false }
-pallet-evm-precompile-simple = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064", default-features = false }
-pallet-evm-precompile-bn128 = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064", default-features = false }
-pallet-hotfix-sufficients = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "a741e4695c4e864b443482a03e82529d761e5064", default-features = false }
+pallet-base-fee = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43", default-features = false }
+pallet-dynamic-fee = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43", default-features = false }
+pallet-ethereum = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43", default-features = false }
+pallet-evm = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43", default-features = false }
+pallet-evm-precompile-dispatch = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43", default-features = false }
+pallet-evm-chain-id = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43", default-features = false }
+pallet-evm-precompile-modexp = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43", default-features = false }
+pallet-evm-precompile-sha3fips = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43", default-features = false }
+pallet-evm-precompile-simple = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43", default-features = false }
+pallet-evm-precompile-bn128 = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43", default-features = false }
+pallet-hotfix-sufficients = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/frontier", rev = "e31d47f83a64c361ecf0fd02bf567de6db9bda43", default-features = false }
 
 #DRAND
 pallet-drand = { path = "pallets/drand", default-features = false }
@@ -304,200 +304,200 @@ pow-faucet = []
 w3f-bls = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/bls", branch = "fix-no-std" }
 
 # Patches automatically generated with `diener`:
-# `diener patch --target https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk --point-to-git https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git --point-to-git-commit ff7026b2e31fc2b0aaeede8cc259417bce56b2a8 --crates-to-patch ../polkadot-sdk --ignore-unused`
+# `diener patch --target https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk --point-to-git https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git --point-to-git-commit 81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80 --crates-to-patch ../polkadot-sdk --ignore-unused`
 #
-# Using latest commit from `polkadot-stable2503-6-otf-patches`.
+# Using latest commit from `polkadot-stable2506-2-otf-patches`.
 #
 # View code changes here:
-# <https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/compare/polkadot-stable2503-6...opentensor:polkadot-sdk:polkadot-stable2503-6-otf-patches>
+# <https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/compare/polkadot-stable2506-2...opentensor:polkadot-sdk:polkadot-stable2506-2-otf-patches>
 #
 # NOTE: The Diener will patch unnecesarry crates while this is waiting to be merged: <https://github.com/paritytech/diener/pull/46>.
 # You may install diener from `liamaharon:ignore-unused-flag` if you like in the meantime.
 [patch."https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk"]
-frame-support = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-binary-merkle-tree = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-core = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-crypto-hashing = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-crypto-hashing-proc-macro = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-debug-derive = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-externalities = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-storage = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-runtime-interface = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-runtime-interface-proc-macro = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-std = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-tracing = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-wasm-interface = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-io = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-keystore = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-state-machine = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-panic-handler = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-trie = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-runtime = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-application-crypto = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-arithmetic = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-weights = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-api = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-api-proc-macro = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-metadata-ir = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-version = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-version-proc-macro = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-block-builder = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-block-builder = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-inherents = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-blockchain = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-consensus = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-database = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-client-api = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-substrate-prometheus-endpoint = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-executor = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-executor-common = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-allocator = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-maybe-compressed-blob = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-executor-polkavm = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-executor-wasmtime = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-substrate-wasm-builder = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-tracing = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-tracing-proc-macro = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-rpc = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-frame-executive = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-frame-system = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-frame-try-runtime = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-pallet-balances = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-frame-benchmarking = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-frame-support-procedural = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-frame-support-procedural-tools = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-frame-support-procedural-tools-derive = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-client-db = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-state-db = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-polkadot-sdk-frame = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-frame-system-benchmarking = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-frame-system-rpc-runtime-api = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-consensus-aura = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-consensus-slots = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-timestamp = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-consensus-grandpa = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-genesis-builder = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-keyring = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-offchain = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-session = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-staking = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-transaction-pool = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-polkadot-sdk = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-cumulus-primitives-core = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-polkadot-core-primitives = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-polkadot-parachain-primitives = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-polkadot-primitives = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-authority-discovery = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-staging-xcm = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-xcm-procedural = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-cumulus-primitives-parachain-inherent = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-cumulus-primitives-proof-size-hostfunction = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-pallet-message-queue = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-polkadot-runtime-parachains = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-pallet-authority-discovery = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-pallet-session = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-pallet-timestamp = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-pallet-authorship = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-pallet-babe = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-consensus-babe = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-frame-election-provider-support = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-frame-election-provider-solution-type = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-npos-elections = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-pallet-offences = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-pallet-staking = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-pallet-bags-list = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-pallet-staking-reward-curve = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-pallet-broker = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-pallet-mmr = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-mmr-primitives = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-polkadot-runtime-metrics = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-staging-xcm-executor = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-keystore = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-staging-xcm-builder = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-pallet-asset-conversion = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-pallet-transaction-payment = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
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-pallet-sudo = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
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-pallet-vesting = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
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-pallet-election-provider-multi-phase = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
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-pallet-utility = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
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-slot-range-helper = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
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-sc-chain-spec = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-chain-spec-derive = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-network = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-network-common = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-network-types = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-utils = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-telemetry = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-cli = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-mixnet = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-transaction-pool-api = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-mixnet = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-service = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-consensus = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-informant = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-network-sync = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-fork-tree = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-network-light = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-network-transactions = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-rpc = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-rpc-api = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-statement-store = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-transaction-pool = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-rpc-server = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-rpc-spec-v2 = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-sysinfo = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-transaction-storage-proof = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-cumulus-relay-chain-interface = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-polkadot-overseer = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-tracing-gum = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-tracing-gum-proc-macro = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-polkadot-node-metrics = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-polkadot-node-primitives = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-polkadot-node-subsystem-types = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-polkadot-node-network-protocol = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-authority-discovery = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-polkadot-statement-table = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-frame-benchmarking-cli = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-cumulus-client-parachain-inherent = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-runtime-utilities = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-frame-metadata-hash-extension = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-pallet-nomination-pools = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-pallet-membership = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-pallet-multisig = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-pallet-nomination-pools-runtime-api = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-pallet-preimage = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-pallet-proxy = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-pallet-scheduler = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-pallet-staking-runtime-api = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-offchain = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-consensus-babe = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-consensus-epochs = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-consensus-slots = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-pallet-transaction-payment-rpc = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-consensus-babe-rpc = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-network-gossip = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-consensus-grandpa = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-consensus-grandpa-rpc = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-substrate-frame-rpc-system = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-basic-authorship = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-proposer-metrics = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-substrate-build-script-utils = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-consensus-aura = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-pallet-insecure-randomness-collective-flip = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-pallet-safe-mode = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sc-consensus-manual-seal = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-sp-crypto-ec-utils = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-substrate-bip39 = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
+frame-support = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+binary-merkle-tree = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
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+sp-crypto-hashing = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sp-crypto-hashing-proc-macro = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sp-debug-derive = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sp-externalities = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
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+sp-runtime-interface-proc-macro = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sp-std = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sp-tracing = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sp-wasm-interface = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sp-io = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sp-keystore = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sp-state-machine = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sp-panic-handler = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sp-trie = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
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+sp-application-crypto = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sp-arithmetic = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sp-weights = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sp-api = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sp-api-proc-macro = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sp-metadata-ir = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sp-version = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sp-version-proc-macro = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sc-block-builder = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sp-block-builder = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sp-inherents = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sp-blockchain = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sp-consensus = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sp-database = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sc-client-api = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+substrate-prometheus-endpoint = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sc-executor = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sc-executor-common = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sc-allocator = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
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+sc-executor-wasmtime = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
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+sc-tracing = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sc-tracing-proc-macro = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
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+frame-try-runtime = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+pallet-balances = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+frame-benchmarking = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
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+frame-support-procedural-tools = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+frame-support-procedural-tools-derive = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sc-client-db = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sc-state-db = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
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+frame-system-benchmarking = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+frame-system-rpc-runtime-api = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sp-consensus-aura = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sp-consensus-slots = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sp-timestamp = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
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+sp-keyring = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sp-offchain = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
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+sp-staking = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sp-transaction-pool = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
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+sp-authority-discovery = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
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+xcm-procedural = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
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+cumulus-primitives-proof-size-hostfunction = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+pallet-message-queue = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
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+pallet-authority-discovery = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+pallet-session = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
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+frame-election-provider-solution-type = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sp-npos-elections = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
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+pallet-bags-list = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
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+pallet-asset-conversion = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
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+pallet-asset-rate = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
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+sc-network-transactions = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
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+sc-authority-discovery = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
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+pallet-nomination-pools-runtime-api = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+pallet-preimage = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+pallet-proxy = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+pallet-scheduler = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+pallet-staking-runtime-api = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sc-offchain = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sc-consensus-babe = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sc-consensus-epochs = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sc-consensus-slots = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+pallet-transaction-payment-rpc = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sc-consensus-babe-rpc = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sc-network-gossip = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sc-consensus-grandpa = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sc-consensus-grandpa-rpc = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+substrate-frame-rpc-system = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sc-basic-authorship = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sc-proposer-metrics = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+substrate-build-script-utils = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sc-consensus-aura = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+pallet-insecure-randomness-collective-flip = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+pallet-safe-mode = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sc-consensus-manual-seal = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+sp-crypto-ec-utils = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }
+substrate-bip39 = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "81fa2c54e94f824eba7dabe9dffd063481cb2d80" }

From 640b751fc2d79c9898f3ee65c71a8ec47deab95a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" <github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2025 21:51:50 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 119/218] auto-update benchmark weights

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
index 78874b9f43..7196d7da14 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
@@ -1060,7 +1060,7 @@ mod dispatches {
         /// The extrinsic for user to change its hotkey in subnet or all subnets.
         #[pallet::call_index(70)]
         #[pallet::weight((Weight::from_parts(275_300_000, 0)
-        .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(49_u64))
+        .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(53_u64))
         .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(37)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::No))]
         pub fn swap_hotkey(
             origin: OriginFor<T>,

From f5e11478a243c2619adbfbdca7fcb8192b62d30a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Loris Moulin <contact@lorismoulin.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2025 18:59:53 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 120/218] remove governance deadcode

---
 Cargo.lock                                    |   22 -
 Cargo.toml                                    |    3 -
 node/src/chain_spec/localnet.rs               |   18 -
 node/src/chain_spec/mod.rs                    |    2 +-
 pallets/admin-utils/src/tests/mock.rs         |    7 +-
 pallets/collective/Cargo.toml                 |   55 -
 pallets/collective/README.md                  |   25 -
 pallets/collective/src/benchmarking.rs        |  606 -------
 pallets/collective/src/lib.rs                 | 1247 -------------
 pallets/collective/src/tests.rs               | 1587 -----------------
 pallets/collective/src/weights.rs             |  554 ------
 pallets/subtensor/Cargo.toml                  |    8 -
 pallets/subtensor/src/benchmarks.rs           |   12 -
 pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/root.rs        |  170 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs                  |   89 -
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/config.rs        |   12 -
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs    |   90 -
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/errors.rs        |    4 -
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/events.rs        |    9 -
 .../migrations/migrate_create_root_network.rs |   15 +-
 .../migrate_remove_unused_maps_and_values.rs  |   30 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/mod.rs       |   20 +
 pallets/subtensor/src/swap/swap_hotkey.rs     |   31 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mock.rs           |  171 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mod.rs            |    1 -
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/senate.rs         |  893 ----------
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_coldkey.rs   |   45 -
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_hotkey.rs    |   28 -
 .../src/tests/swap_hotkey_with_subnet.rs      |   27 -
 pallets/subtensor/src/utils/misc.rs           |   19 -
 pallets/transaction-fee/src/tests/mock.rs     |    7 +-
 pallets/utility/Cargo.toml                    |    3 -
 pallets/utility/src/tests.rs                  |  180 +-
 runtime/Cargo.toml                            |   10 -
 runtime/src/lib.rs                            |  206 +--
 runtime/tests/pallet_proxy.rs                 |   45 +-
 support/linting/src/pallet_index.rs           |   11 -
 .../src/runtime/parse/pallet_decl.rs          |    3 +-
 support/tools/src/bump_version.rs             |    3 +-
 39 files changed, 66 insertions(+), 6202 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 pallets/collective/Cargo.toml
 delete mode 100644 pallets/collective/README.md
 delete mode 100644 pallets/collective/src/benchmarking.rs
 delete mode 100644 pallets/collective/src/lib.rs
 delete mode 100644 pallets/collective/src/tests.rs
 delete mode 100644 pallets/collective/src/weights.rs
 delete mode 100644 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/senate.rs

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index e20719b891..dd3a9012f8 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -8291,7 +8291,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "pallet-grandpa",
  "pallet-hotfix-sufficients",
  "pallet-insecure-randomness-collective-flip",
- "pallet-membership",
  "pallet-multisig",
  "pallet-nomination-pools",
  "pallet-nomination-pools-runtime-api",
@@ -8306,7 +8305,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "pallet-staking-reward-fn",
  "pallet-staking-runtime-api",
  "pallet-subtensor",
- "pallet-subtensor-collective",
  "pallet-subtensor-proxy",
  "pallet-subtensor-swap",
  "pallet-subtensor-swap-runtime-api",
@@ -10654,10 +10652,8 @@ dependencies = [
  "pallet-commitments",
  "pallet-crowdloan",
  "pallet-drand",
- "pallet-membership",
  "pallet-preimage",
  "pallet-scheduler",
- "pallet-subtensor-collective",
  "pallet-subtensor-proxy",
  "pallet-subtensor-swap",
  "pallet-subtensor-utility",
@@ -10689,23 +10685,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "w3f-bls 0.1.3",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "pallet-subtensor-collective"
-version = "4.0.0-dev"
-dependencies = [
- "frame-benchmarking",
- "frame-support",
- "frame-system",
- "log",
- "parity-scale-codec",
- "scale-info",
- "sp-core",
- "sp-io",
- "sp-runtime",
- "sp-std",
- "subtensor-macros",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "pallet-subtensor-proxy"
 version = "40.1.0"
@@ -10782,7 +10761,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "frame-system",
  "pallet-balances",
  "pallet-root-testing",
- "pallet-subtensor-collective",
  "pallet-timestamp",
  "parity-scale-codec",
  "scale-info",
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index bae503765c..b962200509 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -51,7 +51,6 @@ useless_conversion = "allow"     # until polkadot is patched
 [workspace.dependencies]
 node-subtensor-runtime = { path = "runtime", default-features = false }
 pallet-admin-utils = { path = "pallets/admin-utils", default-features = false }
-pallet-subtensor-collective = { path = "pallets/collective", default-features = false }
 pallet-commitments = { path = "pallets/commitments", default-features = false }
 pallet-registry = { path = "pallets/registry", default-features = false }
 pallet-crowdloan = { path = "pallets/crowdloan", default-features = false }
@@ -136,7 +135,6 @@ pallet-aura = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk.git", tag = "p
 pallet-balances = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk.git", tag = "polkadot-stable2503-6", default-features = false }
 pallet-grandpa = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk.git", tag = "polkadot-stable2503-6", default-features = false }
 pallet-insecure-randomness-collective-flip = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk.git", tag = "polkadot-stable2503-6", default-features = false }
-pallet-membership = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk.git", tag = "polkadot-stable2503-6", default-features = false }
 pallet-multisig = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk.git", tag = "polkadot-stable2503-6", default-features = false }
 pallet-preimage = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk.git", tag = "polkadot-stable2503-6", default-features = false }
 pallet-safe-mode = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk.git", tag = "polkadot-stable2503-6", default-features = false }
@@ -475,7 +473,6 @@ cumulus-client-parachain-inherent = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polka
 sc-runtime-utilities = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
 frame-metadata-hash-extension = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
 pallet-nomination-pools = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
-pallet-membership = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
 pallet-multisig = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
 pallet-nomination-pools-runtime-api = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
 pallet-preimage = { git = "https://github.com/opentensor/polkadot-sdk.git", rev = "7d1855ebff04c96bb273b43cfd5a5cf6fa2a7234" }
diff --git a/node/src/chain_spec/localnet.rs b/node/src/chain_spec/localnet.rs
index 577f42e54a..d65849ae94 100644
--- a/node/src/chain_spec/localnet.rs
+++ b/node/src/chain_spec/localnet.rs
@@ -99,18 +99,6 @@ fn localnet_genesis(
         }
     }
 
-    let trimvirate_members: Vec<AccountId> = bounded_vec![
-        get_account_id_from_seed::<sr25519::Public>("Alice"),
-        get_account_id_from_seed::<sr25519::Public>("Bob"),
-        get_account_id_from_seed::<sr25519::Public>("Charlie"),
-    ];
-
-    let senate_members: Vec<AccountId> = bounded_vec![
-        get_account_id_from_seed::<sr25519::Public>("Dave"),
-        get_account_id_from_seed::<sr25519::Public>("Eve"),
-        get_account_id_from_seed::<sr25519::Public>("Ferdie"),
-    ];
-
     serde_json::json!({
         "balances": { "balances": balances },
         "aura": {
@@ -125,12 +113,6 @@ fn localnet_genesis(
         "sudo": {
             "key": Some(get_account_id_from_seed::<sr25519::Public>("Alice"))
         },
-        "triumvirateMembers": {
-            "members": trimvirate_members
-        },
-        "senateMembers": {
-            "members": senate_members,
-        },
         "evmChainId": {
             "chainId": 42,
         },
diff --git a/node/src/chain_spec/mod.rs b/node/src/chain_spec/mod.rs
index 90a1493aa4..85ca78d353 100644
--- a/node/src/chain_spec/mod.rs
+++ b/node/src/chain_spec/mod.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use sc_service::ChainType;
 use sp_consensus_aura::sr25519::AuthorityId as AuraId;
 use sp_consensus_grandpa::AuthorityId as GrandpaId;
 use sp_core::crypto::Ss58Codec;
-use sp_core::{H256, Pair, Public, bounded_vec, sr25519};
+use sp_core::{H256, Pair, Public, sr25519};
 use sp_runtime::AccountId32;
 use sp_runtime::traits::{IdentifyAccount, Verify};
 use std::collections::HashSet;
diff --git a/pallets/admin-utils/src/tests/mock.rs b/pallets/admin-utils/src/tests/mock.rs
index 50b9ccd282..ed62be55d8 100644
--- a/pallets/admin-utils/src/tests/mock.rs
+++ b/pallets/admin-utils/src/tests/mock.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use frame_support::{
     traits::{Everything, Hooks, InherentBuilder, PrivilegeCmp},
 };
 use frame_system::{self as system, offchain::CreateTransactionBase};
-use frame_system::{EnsureNever, EnsureRoot, limits};
+use frame_system::{EnsureRoot, limits};
 use sp_consensus_aura::sr25519::AuthorityId as AuraId;
 use sp_consensus_grandpa::AuthorityList as GrandpaAuthorityList;
 use sp_core::U256;
@@ -128,7 +128,6 @@ parameter_types! {
     pub const InitialMinDifficulty: u64 = 1;
     pub const InitialMaxDifficulty: u64 = u64::MAX;
     pub const InitialRAORecycledForRegistration: u64 = 0;
-    pub const InitialSenateRequiredStakePercentage: u64 = 2; // 2 percent of total stake
     pub const InitialNetworkImmunityPeriod: u64 = 1_296_000;
     pub const InitialNetworkMinLockCost: u64 = 100_000_000_000;
     pub const InitialSubnetOwnerCut: u16 = 0; // 0%. 100% of rewards go to validators + miners.
@@ -160,9 +159,6 @@ impl pallet_subtensor::Config for Test {
     type Currency = Balances;
     type InitialIssuance = InitialIssuance;
     type SudoRuntimeCall = TestRuntimeCall;
-    type CouncilOrigin = EnsureNever<AccountId>;
-    type SenateMembers = ();
-    type TriumvirateInterface = ();
     type Scheduler = Scheduler;
     type InitialMinAllowedWeights = InitialMinAllowedWeights;
     type InitialEmissionValue = InitialEmissionValue;
@@ -205,7 +201,6 @@ impl pallet_subtensor::Config for Test {
     type MinBurnUpperBound = MinBurnUpperBound;
     type MaxBurnLowerBound = MaxBurnLowerBound;
     type InitialRAORecycledForRegistration = InitialRAORecycledForRegistration;
-    type InitialSenateRequiredStakePercentage = InitialSenateRequiredStakePercentage;
     type InitialNetworkImmunityPeriod = InitialNetworkImmunityPeriod;
     type InitialNetworkMinLockCost = InitialNetworkMinLockCost;
     type InitialSubnetOwnerCut = InitialSubnetOwnerCut;
diff --git a/pallets/collective/Cargo.toml b/pallets/collective/Cargo.toml
deleted file mode 100644
index 4cb8e1422e..0000000000
--- a/pallets/collective/Cargo.toml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-name = "pallet-subtensor-collective"
-version = "4.0.0-dev"
-authors = ["Parity Technologies <admin@parity.io>, Opentensor Technologies"]
-edition.workspace = true
-license = "Apache-2.0"
-homepage = "https://bittensor.com"
-repository = "https://github.com/opentensor/subtensor"
-description = "Collective system: Members of a set of account IDs can make their collective feelings known through dispatched calls from one of two specialized origins."
-readme = "README.md"
-
-[lints]
-workspace = true
-
-[package.metadata.docs.rs]
-targets = ["x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"]
-
-[dependencies]
-subtensor-macros.workspace = true
-codec = { workspace = true, features = ["derive"] }
-log.workspace = true
-scale-info = { workspace = true, features = ["derive"] }
-frame-benchmarking = { workspace = true, optional = true }
-frame-support.workspace = true
-frame-system.workspace = true
-sp-core.workspace = true
-sp-io.workspace = true
-sp-runtime.workspace = true
-sp-std.workspace = true
-
-[features]
-default = ["std"]
-std = [
-	"codec/std",
-	"frame-benchmarking?/std",
-	"frame-support/std",
-	"frame-system/std",
-	"log/std",
-	"scale-info/std",
-	"sp-core/std",
-	"sp-io/std",
-	"sp-runtime/std",
-	"sp-std/std",
-]
-runtime-benchmarks = [
-	"frame-benchmarking/runtime-benchmarks",
-	"frame-support/runtime-benchmarks",
-	"frame-system/runtime-benchmarks",
-	"sp-runtime/runtime-benchmarks",
-]
-try-runtime = [
-	"frame-support/try-runtime",
-	"frame-system/try-runtime",
-	"sp-runtime/try-runtime",
-]
diff --git a/pallets/collective/README.md b/pallets/collective/README.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 444927e51d..0000000000
--- a/pallets/collective/README.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-Collective system: Members of a set of account IDs can make their collective feelings known
-through dispatched calls from one of two specialized origins.
-
-The membership can be provided in one of two ways: either directly, using the Root-dispatchable
-function `set_members`, or indirectly, through implementing the `ChangeMembers`.
-The pallet assumes that the amount of members stays at or below `MaxMembers` for its weight
-calculations, but enforces this neither in `set_members` nor in `change_members_sorted`.
-
-A "prime" member may be set to help determine the default vote behavior based on chain
-config. If `PrimeDefaultVote` is used, the prime vote acts as the default vote in case of any
-abstentions after the voting period. If `MoreThanMajorityThenPrimeDefaultVote` is used, then
-abstentations will first follow the majority of the collective voting, and then the prime
-member.
-
-Voting happens through motions comprising a proposal (i.e. a dispatchable) plus a
-number of approvals required for it to pass and be called. Motions are open for members to
-vote on for a minimum period given by `MotionDuration`. As soon as the required number of
-approvals is given, the motion is closed and executed. If the number of approvals is not reached
-during the voting period, then `close` may be called by any account in order to force the end
-the motion explicitly. If a prime member is defined, then their vote is used instead of any
-abstentions and the proposal is executed if there are enough approvals counting the new votes.
-
-If there are not, or if no prime member is set, then the motion is dropped without being executed.
-
-License: Apache-2.0
diff --git a/pallets/collective/src/benchmarking.rs b/pallets/collective/src/benchmarking.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index ec5c736614..0000000000
--- a/pallets/collective/src/benchmarking.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,606 +0,0 @@
-// This file is part of Substrate.
-
-// Copyright (C) Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-// 	http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-//! Staking pallet benchmarking.
-#![allow(
-    clippy::arithmetic_side_effects,
-    clippy::expect_used,
-    clippy::indexing_slicing
-)]
-
-use super::*;
-use crate::Pallet as Collective;
-
-use sp_runtime::traits::Bounded;
-use sp_std::mem::size_of;
-
-use frame_benchmarking::v1::{account, benchmarks_instance_pallet, whitelisted_caller};
-use frame_system::{Call as SystemCall, Pallet as System, RawOrigin as SystemOrigin};
-
-const SEED: u32 = 0;
-
-const MAX_BYTES: u32 = 1_024;
-
-fn assert_last_event<T: frame_system::pallet::Config>(
-    generic_event: <T as frame_system::pallet::Config>::RuntimeEvent,
-) {
-    frame_system::Pallet::<T>::assert_last_event(generic_event.into());
-}
-
-fn id_to_remark_data(id: u32, length: usize) -> Vec<u8> {
-    id.to_le_bytes().into_iter().cycle().take(length).collect()
-}
-
-benchmarks_instance_pallet! {
-    set_members {
-        let m in 0 .. T::MaxMembers::get();
-        let n in 0 .. T::MaxMembers::get();
-        let p in 0 .. T::MaxProposals::get();
-
-        // Set old members.
-        // We compute the difference of old and new members, so it should influence timing.
-        let mut old_members = vec![];
-        for i in 0 .. m {
-            let old_member = account::<T::AccountId>("old member", i, SEED);
-            old_members.push(old_member);
-        }
-        let old_members_count = old_members.len() as u32;
-
-        Collective::<T, I>::set_members(
-            SystemOrigin::Root.into(),
-            old_members.clone(),
-            old_members.last().cloned(),
-            T::MaxMembers::get(),
-        )?;
-
-        // If there were any old members generate a bunch of proposals.
-        if m > 0 {
-            // Set a high threshold for proposals passing so that they stay around.
-            let threshold = m.max(2);
-            // Length of the proposals should be irrelevant to `set_members`.
-            let length = 100;
-            for i in 0 .. p {
-                // Proposals should be different so that different proposal hashes are generated
-                let proposal: T::Proposal = SystemCall::<T>::remark { remark: id_to_remark_data(i, length) }.into();
-                Collective::<T, I>::propose(
-                    SystemOrigin::Signed(old_members.last().expect("m is greater than 0; old_members must have at least 1 element; qed").clone()).into(),
-                    Box::new(proposal.clone()),
-                    MAX_BYTES,
-                    TryInto::<BlockNumberFor<T>>::try_into(3u64).ok().expect("convert u64 to block number.")
-                )?;
-                let hash = T::Hashing::hash_of(&proposal);
-                // Vote on the proposal to increase state relevant for `set_members`.
-                // Not voting for last old member because they proposed and not voting for the first member
-                // to keep the proposal from passing.
-                for j in 2 .. m - 1 {
-                    let voter = &old_members[j as usize];
-                    let approve = true;
-                    Collective::<T, I>::vote(
-                        SystemOrigin::Signed(voter.clone()).into(),
-                        hash,
-                        i,
-                        approve,
-                    )?;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Construct `new_members`.
-        // It should influence timing since it will sort this vector.
-        let mut new_members = vec![];
-        for i in 0 .. n {
-            let member = account::<T::AccountId>("member", i, SEED);
-            new_members.push(member);
-        }
-
-    }: _(SystemOrigin::Root, new_members.clone(), new_members.last().cloned(), T::MaxMembers::get())
-    verify {
-        new_members.sort();
-        assert_eq!(Collective::<T, I>::members(), new_members);
-    }
-
-    execute {
-        let b in 2 .. MAX_BYTES;
-        let m in 1 .. T::MaxMembers::get();
-
-        let bytes_in_storage = b + size_of::<u32>() as u32;
-
-        // Construct `members`.
-        let mut members = vec![];
-        for i in 0 .. m - 1 {
-            let member = account::<T::AccountId>("member", i, SEED);
-            members.push(member);
-        }
-
-        let caller: T::AccountId = whitelisted_caller();
-        members.push(caller.clone());
-
-        Collective::<T, I>::set_members(SystemOrigin::Root.into(), members, None, T::MaxMembers::get())?;
-
-        let proposal: T::Proposal = SystemCall::<T>::remark { remark: id_to_remark_data(1, b as usize) }.into();
-
-    }: _(SystemOrigin::Signed(caller), Box::new(proposal.clone()), bytes_in_storage)
-    verify {
-        let proposal_hash = T::Hashing::hash_of(&proposal);
-        // Note that execution fails due to mis-matched origin
-        assert_last_event::<T>(
-            Event::MemberExecuted { proposal_hash, result: Ok(()) }.into()
-        );
-    }
-
-    // This tests when proposal is created and queued as "proposed"
-    propose_proposed {
-        let b in 2 .. MAX_BYTES;
-        let m in 2 .. T::MaxMembers::get();
-        let p in 1 .. T::MaxProposals::get();
-
-        let bytes_in_storage = b + size_of::<u32>() as u32;
-
-        // Construct `members`.
-        let mut members = vec![];
-        for i in 0 .. m - 1 {
-            let member = account::<T::AccountId>("member", i, SEED);
-            members.push(member);
-        }
-        let caller: T::AccountId = whitelisted_caller();
-        members.push(caller.clone());
-        Collective::<T, I>::set_members(SystemOrigin::Root.into(), members, None, T::MaxMembers::get())?;
-
-        let threshold = (m / 2) + 1;
-        // Add previous proposals.
-        for i in 0 .. p - 1 {
-            // Proposals should be different so that different proposal hashes are generated
-            let proposal: T::Proposal = SystemCall::<T>::remark { remark: id_to_remark_data(i, b as usize) }.into();
-            Collective::<T, I>::propose(
-                SystemOrigin::Signed(caller.clone()).into(),
-                Box::new(proposal),
-                bytes_in_storage,
-                TryInto::<BlockNumberFor<T>>::try_into(3u64).ok().expect("convert u64 to block number.")
-            )?;
-        }
-
-        assert_eq!(Collective::<T, I>::proposals().len(), (p - 1) as usize);
-
-        let proposal: T::Proposal = SystemCall::<T>::remark { remark: id_to_remark_data(p, b as usize) }.into();
-
-    }: propose(SystemOrigin::Signed(caller.clone()), Box::new(proposal.clone()), bytes_in_storage, TryInto::<BlockNumberFor<T>>::try_into(3u64).ok().expect("convert u64 to block number."))
-    verify {
-        // New proposal is recorded
-        assert_eq!(Collective::<T, I>::proposals().len(), p as usize);
-        let proposal_hash = T::Hashing::hash_of(&proposal);
-        assert_last_event::<T>(Event::Proposed { account: caller, proposal_index: p - 1, proposal_hash, threshold }.into());
-    }
-
-    vote {
-        // We choose 5 as a minimum so we always trigger a vote in the voting loop (`for j in ...`)
-        let m in 5 .. T::MaxMembers::get();
-
-        let p = T::MaxProposals::get();
-        let b = MAX_BYTES;
-        let bytes_in_storage = b + size_of::<u32>() as u32;
-
-        // Construct `members`.
-        let mut members = vec![];
-        let proposer: T::AccountId = account::<T::AccountId>("proposer", 0, SEED);
-        members.push(proposer.clone());
-        for i in 1 .. m - 1 {
-            let member = account::<T::AccountId>("member", i, SEED);
-            members.push(member);
-        }
-        let voter: T::AccountId = account::<T::AccountId>("voter", 0, SEED);
-        members.push(voter.clone());
-        Collective::<T, I>::set_members(SystemOrigin::Root.into(), members.clone(), None, T::MaxMembers::get())?;
-
-        // Threshold is 1 less than the number of members so that one person can vote nay
-        let threshold = m - 1;
-
-        // Add previous proposals
-        let mut last_hash = T::Hash::default();
-        for i in 0 .. p {
-            // Proposals should be different so that different proposal hashes are generated
-            let proposal: T::Proposal = SystemCall::<T>::remark { remark: id_to_remark_data(i, b as usize) }.into();
-            Collective::<T, I>::propose(
-                SystemOrigin::Signed(proposer.clone()).into(),
-                Box::new(proposal.clone()),
-                bytes_in_storage,
-                TryInto::<BlockNumberFor<T>>::try_into(3u64).ok().expect("convert u64 to block number.")
-            )?;
-            last_hash = T::Hashing::hash_of(&proposal);
-        }
-
-        let index = p - 1;
-        // Have almost everyone vote aye on last proposal, while keeping it from passing.
-        for j in 0 .. m - 3 {
-            let voter = &members[j as usize];
-            let approve = true;
-            Collective::<T, I>::vote(
-                SystemOrigin::Signed(voter.clone()).into(),
-                last_hash,
-                index,
-                approve,
-            )?;
-        }
-        // Voter votes aye without resolving the vote.
-        let approve = true;
-        Collective::<T, I>::vote(
-            SystemOrigin::Signed(voter.clone()).into(),
-            last_hash,
-            index,
-            approve,
-        )?;
-
-        assert_eq!(Collective::<T, I>::proposals().len(), p as usize);
-
-        // Voter switches vote to nay, but does not kill the vote, just updates + inserts
-        let approve = false;
-
-        // Whitelist voter account from further DB operations.
-        let voter_key = frame_system::Account::<T>::hashed_key_for(&voter);
-        frame_benchmarking::benchmarking::add_to_whitelist(voter_key.into());
-    }: _(SystemOrigin::Signed(voter), last_hash, index, approve)
-    verify {
-        // All proposals exist and the last proposal has just been updated.
-        assert_eq!(Collective::<T, I>::proposals().len(), p as usize);
-        let voting = Collective::<T, I>::voting(last_hash).ok_or("Proposal Missing")?;
-        assert_eq!(voting.ayes.len(), (m - 3) as usize);
-        assert_eq!(voting.nays.len(), 1);
-    }
-
-    close_early_disapproved {
-        // We choose 4 as a minimum so we always trigger a vote in the voting loop (`for j in ...`)
-        let m in 4 .. T::MaxMembers::get();
-        let p in 1 .. T::MaxProposals::get();
-
-        let bytes = 100;
-        let bytes_in_storage = bytes + size_of::<u32>() as u32;
-
-        // Construct `members`.
-        let mut members = vec![];
-        let proposer = account::<T::AccountId>("proposer", 0, SEED);
-        members.push(proposer.clone());
-        for i in 1 .. m - 1 {
-            let member = account::<T::AccountId>("member", i, SEED);
-            members.push(member);
-        }
-        let voter = account::<T::AccountId>("voter", 0, SEED);
-        members.push(voter.clone());
-        Collective::<T, I>::set_members(SystemOrigin::Root.into(), members.clone(), None, T::MaxMembers::get())?;
-
-        // Add previous proposals
-        let mut last_hash = T::Hash::default();
-        for i in 0 .. p {
-            // Proposals should be different so that different proposal hashes are generated
-            let proposal: T::Proposal = SystemCall::<T>::remark { remark: id_to_remark_data(i, bytes as usize) }.into();
-            Collective::<T, I>::propose(
-                SystemOrigin::Signed(proposer.clone()).into(),
-                Box::new(proposal.clone()),
-                bytes_in_storage,
-                TryInto::<BlockNumberFor<T>>::try_into(3u64).ok().expect("convert u64 to block number.")
-            )?;
-            last_hash = T::Hashing::hash_of(&proposal);
-        }
-
-        let index = p - 1;
-        // Have most everyone vote nay on last proposal, while keeping it from passing.
-        for j in 0 .. m - 2 {
-            let voter = &members[j as usize];
-            let approve = false;
-            Collective::<T, I>::vote(
-                SystemOrigin::Signed(voter.clone()).into(),
-                last_hash,
-                index,
-                approve,
-            )?;
-        }
-
-        // Voter votes aye without resolving the vote.
-        let approve = true;
-        Collective::<T, I>::vote(
-            SystemOrigin::Signed(voter.clone()).into(),
-            last_hash,
-            index,
-            approve,
-        )?;
-
-        assert_eq!(Collective::<T, I>::proposals().len(), p as usize);
-
-        // Whitelist voter account from further DB operations.
-        let voter_key = frame_system::Account::<T>::hashed_key_for(&voter);
-        frame_benchmarking::benchmarking::add_to_whitelist(voter_key.into());
-    }: close(SystemOrigin::Root, last_hash, index, Weight::MAX, bytes_in_storage)
-    verify {
-        // The last proposal is removed.
-        assert_eq!(Collective::<T, I>::proposals().len(), (p - 1) as usize);
-        assert_last_event::<T>(Event::Disapproved { proposal_hash: last_hash }.into());
-    }
-
-    close_early_approved {
-        let b in 2 .. MAX_BYTES;
-        // We choose 4 as a minimum so we always trigger a vote in the voting loop (`for j in ...`)
-        let m in 4 .. T::MaxMembers::get();
-        let p in 1 .. T::MaxProposals::get();
-
-        let bytes_in_storage = b + size_of::<u32>() as u32;
-
-        // Construct `members`.
-        let mut members = vec![];
-        for i in 0 .. m - 1 {
-            let member = account::<T::AccountId>("member", i, SEED);
-            members.push(member);
-        }
-        let caller: T::AccountId = whitelisted_caller();
-        members.push(caller.clone());
-        Collective::<T, I>::set_members(SystemOrigin::Root.into(), members.clone(), None, T::MaxMembers::get())?;
-
-        // Add previous proposals
-        let mut last_hash = T::Hash::default();
-        for i in 0 .. p {
-            // Proposals should be different so that different proposal hashes are generated
-            let proposal: T::Proposal = SystemCall::<T>::remark { remark: id_to_remark_data(i, b as usize) }.into();
-            Collective::<T, I>::propose(
-                SystemOrigin::Signed(caller.clone()).into(),
-                Box::new(proposal.clone()),
-                bytes_in_storage,
-                TryInto::<BlockNumberFor<T>>::try_into(3u64).ok().expect("convert u64 to block number.")
-            )?;
-            last_hash = T::Hashing::hash_of(&proposal);
-        }
-
-        // Caller switches vote to nay on their own proposal, allowing them to be the deciding approval vote
-        Collective::<T, I>::vote(
-            SystemOrigin::Signed(caller.clone()).into(),
-            last_hash,
-            p - 1,
-            false,
-        )?;
-
-        // Have almost everyone vote aye on last proposal, while keeping it from failing.
-        for j in 2 .. m - 1 {
-            let voter = &members[j as usize];
-            let approve = true;
-            Collective::<T, I>::vote(
-                SystemOrigin::Signed(voter.clone()).into(),
-                last_hash,
-                p - 1,
-                approve,
-            )?;
-        }
-
-        // Member zero is the first aye
-        Collective::<T, I>::vote(
-            SystemOrigin::Signed(members[0].clone()).into(),
-            last_hash,
-            p - 1,
-            true,
-        )?;
-
-        assert_eq!(Collective::<T, I>::proposals().len(), p as usize);
-
-        // Caller switches vote to aye, which passes the vote
-        let index = p - 1;
-        let approve = true;
-        Collective::<T, I>::vote(
-            SystemOrigin::Signed(caller.clone()).into(),
-            last_hash,
-            index, approve,
-        )?;
-
-    }: close(SystemOrigin::Root, last_hash, index, Weight::MAX, bytes_in_storage)
-    verify {
-        // The last proposal is removed.
-        assert_eq!(Collective::<T, I>::proposals().len(), (p - 1) as usize);
-        assert_last_event::<T>(Event::Executed { proposal_hash: last_hash, result: Ok(()) }.into());
-    }
-
-    close_disapproved {
-        // We choose 4 as a minimum so we always trigger a vote in the voting loop (`for j in ...`)
-        let m in 4 .. T::MaxMembers::get();
-        let p in 1 .. T::MaxProposals::get();
-
-        let bytes = 100;
-        let bytes_in_storage = bytes + size_of::<u32>() as u32;
-
-        // Construct `members`.
-        let mut members = vec![];
-        for i in 0 .. m - 1 {
-            let member = account::<T::AccountId>("member", i, SEED);
-            members.push(member);
-        }
-        let caller: T::AccountId = whitelisted_caller();
-        members.push(caller.clone());
-        Collective::<T, I>::set_members(
-            SystemOrigin::Root.into(),
-            members.clone(),
-            Some(caller.clone()),
-            T::MaxMembers::get(),
-        )?;
-
-        // Add proposals
-        let mut last_hash = T::Hash::default();
-        for i in 0 .. p {
-            // Proposals should be different so that different proposal hashes are generated
-            let proposal: T::Proposal = SystemCall::<T>::remark { remark: id_to_remark_data(i, bytes as usize) }.into();
-            Collective::<T, I>::propose(
-                SystemOrigin::Signed(caller.clone()).into(),
-                Box::new(proposal.clone()),
-                bytes_in_storage,
-                TryInto::<BlockNumberFor<T>>::try_into(3u64).ok().expect("convert u64 to block number.")
-            )?;
-            last_hash = T::Hashing::hash_of(&proposal);
-        }
-
-        let index = p - 1;
-        // Have almost everyone vote aye on last proposal, while keeping it from passing.
-        // A few abstainers will be the nay votes needed to fail the vote.
-        let mut yes_votes: MemberCount = 0;
-        for j in 2 .. m / 2 {
-            let voter = &members[j as usize];
-            let approve = true;
-            yes_votes += 1;
-            // vote aye till a prime nay vote keeps the proposal disapproved.
-            if <<T as Config<I>>::DefaultVote as DefaultVote>::default_vote(
-                Some(false),
-                yes_votes,
-                0,
-                m,) {
-                break;
-            }
-            Collective::<T, I>::vote(
-                SystemOrigin::Signed(voter.clone()).into(),
-                last_hash,
-                index,
-                approve,
-            )?;
-        }
-
-        // caller is prime, prime votes nay
-        Collective::<T, I>::vote(
-            SystemOrigin::Signed(caller.clone()).into(),
-            last_hash,
-            index,
-            false,
-        )?;
-
-        System::<T>::set_block_number(BlockNumberFor::<T>::max_value());
-        assert_eq!(Collective::<T, I>::proposals().len(), p as usize);
-
-        // Prime nay will close it as disapproved
-    }: close(SystemOrigin::Root, last_hash, index, Weight::MAX, bytes_in_storage)
-    verify {
-        assert_eq!(Collective::<T, I>::proposals().len(), (p - 1) as usize);
-        assert_last_event::<T>(Event::Disapproved { proposal_hash: last_hash }.into());
-    }
-
-    close_approved {
-        let b in 2 .. MAX_BYTES;
-        // We choose 4 as a minimum so we always trigger a vote in the voting loop (`for j in ...`)
-        let m in 4 .. T::MaxMembers::get();
-        let p in 1 .. T::MaxProposals::get();
-
-        let bytes_in_storage = b + size_of::<u32>() as u32;
-
-        // Construct `members`.
-        let mut members = vec![];
-        for i in 0 .. m - 1 {
-            let member = account::<T::AccountId>("member", i, SEED);
-            members.push(member);
-        }
-        let caller: T::AccountId = whitelisted_caller();
-        members.push(caller.clone());
-        Collective::<T, I>::set_members(
-            SystemOrigin::Root.into(),
-            members.clone(),
-            Some(caller.clone()),
-            T::MaxMembers::get(),
-        )?;
-
-        // Add proposals
-        let mut last_hash = T::Hash::default();
-        for i in 0 .. p {
-            // Proposals should be different so that different proposal hashes are generated
-            let proposal: T::Proposal = SystemCall::<T>::remark { remark: id_to_remark_data(i, b as usize) }.into();
-            Collective::<T, I>::propose(
-                SystemOrigin::Signed(caller.clone()).into(),
-                Box::new(proposal.clone()),
-                bytes_in_storage,
-                TryInto::<BlockNumberFor<T>>::try_into(3u64).ok().expect("convert u64 to block number.")
-            )?;
-            last_hash = T::Hashing::hash_of(&proposal);
-        }
-
-        // The prime member votes aye, so abstentions default to aye.
-        Collective::<T, _>::vote(
-            SystemOrigin::Signed(caller.clone()).into(),
-            last_hash,
-            p - 1,
-            true // Vote aye.
-        )?;
-
-        // Have almost everyone vote nay on last proposal, while keeping it from failing.
-        // A few abstainers will be the aye votes needed to pass the vote.
-        for j in 2 .. m / 2 {
-            let voter = &members[j as usize];
-            let approve = false;
-            Collective::<T, I>::vote(
-                SystemOrigin::Signed(voter.clone()).into(),
-                last_hash,
-                p - 1,
-                approve
-            )?;
-        }
-
-        // caller is prime, prime already votes aye by creating the proposal
-        System::<T>::set_block_number(BlockNumberFor::<T>::max_value());
-        assert_eq!(Collective::<T, I>::proposals().len(), p as usize);
-
-        // Prime aye will close it as approved
-    }: close(SystemOrigin::Root, last_hash, p - 1, Weight::MAX, bytes_in_storage)
-    verify {
-        assert_eq!(Collective::<T, I>::proposals().len(), (p - 1) as usize);
-        assert_last_event::<T>(Event::Executed { proposal_hash: last_hash, result: Ok(()) }.into());
-    }
-
-    disapprove_proposal {
-        let p in 1 .. T::MaxProposals::get();
-
-        let m = 3;
-        let b = MAX_BYTES;
-        let bytes_in_storage = b + size_of::<u32>() as u32;
-
-        // Construct `members`.
-        let mut members = vec![];
-        for i in 0 .. m - 1 {
-            let member = account::<T::AccountId>("member", i, SEED);
-            members.push(member);
-        }
-        let caller = account::<T::AccountId>("caller", 0, SEED);
-        members.push(caller.clone());
-        Collective::<T, I>::set_members(
-            SystemOrigin::Root.into(),
-            members.clone(),
-            Some(caller.clone()),
-            T::MaxMembers::get(),
-        )?;
-
-        // Threshold is one less than total members so that two nays will disapprove the vote
-        let threshold = m - 1;
-
-        // Add proposals
-        let mut last_hash = T::Hash::default();
-        for i in 0 .. p {
-            // Proposals should be different so that different proposal hashes are generated
-            let proposal: T::Proposal = SystemCall::<T>::remark { remark: id_to_remark_data(i, b as usize) }.into();
-            Collective::<T, I>::propose(
-                SystemOrigin::Signed(caller.clone()).into(),
-                Box::new(proposal.clone()),
-                bytes_in_storage,
-                TryInto::<BlockNumberFor<T>>::try_into(3u64).ok().expect("convert u64 to block number.")
-            )?;
-            last_hash = T::Hashing::hash_of(&proposal);
-        }
-
-        System::<T>::set_block_number(BlockNumberFor::<T>::max_value());
-        assert_eq!(Collective::<T, I>::proposals().len(), p as usize);
-
-    }: _(SystemOrigin::Root, last_hash)
-    verify {
-        assert_eq!(Collective::<T, I>::proposals().len(), (p - 1) as usize);
-        assert_last_event::<T>(Event::Disapproved { proposal_hash: last_hash }.into());
-    }
-
-    impl_benchmark_test_suite!(Collective, crate::tests::new_test_ext(), crate::tests::Test);
-}
diff --git a/pallets/collective/src/lib.rs b/pallets/collective/src/lib.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 8a9fc09fb5..0000000000
--- a/pallets/collective/src/lib.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1247 +0,0 @@
-// This file is part of Substrate.
-
-// Copyright (C) Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-// 	http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-//! Collective system: Members of a set of account IDs can make their collective feelings known
-//! through dispatched calls from one of two specialized origins.
-//!
-//! The membership can be provided in one of two ways: either directly, using the Root-dispatchable
-//! function `set_members`, or indirectly, through implementing the `ChangeMembers`.
-//! The pallet assumes that the amount of members stays at or below `MaxMembers` for its weight
-//! calculations, but enforces this neither in `set_members` nor in `change_members_sorted`.
-//!
-//! A "prime" member may be set to help determine the default vote behavior based on chain
-//! config. If `PrimeDefaultVote` is used, the prime vote acts as the default vote in case of any
-//! abstentions after the voting period. If `MoreThanMajorityThenPrimeDefaultVote` is used, then
-//! abstentions will first follow the majority of the collective voting, and then the prime
-//! member.
-//!
-//! Voting happens through motions comprising a proposal (i.e. a curried dispatchable) plus a
-//! number of approvals required for it to pass and be called. Motions are open for members to
-//! vote on for a minimum period given by `MotionDuration`. As soon as the needed number of
-//! approvals is given, the motion is closed and executed. If the number of approvals is not reached
-//! during the voting period, then `close` may be called by any account in order to force the end
-//! the motion explicitly. If a prime member is defined then their vote is used in place of any
-//! abstentions and the proposal is executed if there are enough approvals counting the new votes.
-//!
-//! If there are not, or if no prime is set, then the motion is dropped without being executed.
-
-#![cfg_attr(not(feature = "std"), no_std)]
-#![recursion_limit = "128"]
-
-use codec::DecodeWithMemTracking;
-use frame_support::{
-    dispatch::{DispatchResultWithPostInfo, GetDispatchInfo, Pays, PostDispatchInfo},
-    ensure,
-    pallet_prelude::*,
-    traits::{
-        Backing, ChangeMembers, EnsureOrigin, Get, GetBacking, InitializeMembers, StorageVersion,
-    },
-    weights::Weight,
-};
-use scale_info::TypeInfo;
-use sp_io::storage;
-use sp_runtime::traits::Dispatchable;
-use sp_runtime::{RuntimeDebug, Saturating, traits::Hash};
-use sp_std::{marker::PhantomData, prelude::*, result};
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests;
-
-#[cfg(feature = "runtime-benchmarks")]
-mod benchmarking;
-pub mod weights;
-
-pub use pallet::*;
-use subtensor_macros::freeze_struct;
-pub use weights::WeightInfo;
-
-const LOG_TARGET: &str = "runtime::collective";
-
-/// Simple index type for proposal counting.
-pub type ProposalIndex = u32;
-
-/// A number of members.
-///
-/// This also serves as a number of voting members, and since for motions, each member may
-/// vote exactly once, therefore also the number of votes for any given motion.
-pub type MemberCount = u32;
-
-/// Default voting strategy when a member is inactive.
-pub trait DefaultVote {
-    /// Get the default voting strategy, given:
-    ///
-    /// - Whether the prime member voted Aye.
-    /// - Raw number of yes votes.
-    /// - Raw number of no votes.
-    /// - Total number of member count.
-    fn default_vote(
-        prime_vote: Option<bool>,
-        yes_votes: MemberCount,
-        no_votes: MemberCount,
-        len: MemberCount,
-    ) -> bool;
-}
-
-/// Set the prime member's vote as the default vote.
-pub struct PrimeDefaultVote;
-
-impl DefaultVote for PrimeDefaultVote {
-    fn default_vote(
-        prime_vote: Option<bool>,
-        _yes_votes: MemberCount,
-        _no_votes: MemberCount,
-        _len: MemberCount,
-    ) -> bool {
-        prime_vote.unwrap_or(false)
-    }
-}
-
-/// First see if yes vote are over majority of the whole collective. If so, set the default vote
-/// as yes. Otherwise, use the prime member's vote as the default vote.
-pub struct MoreThanMajorityThenPrimeDefaultVote;
-
-impl DefaultVote for MoreThanMajorityThenPrimeDefaultVote {
-    fn default_vote(
-        prime_vote: Option<bool>,
-        yes_votes: MemberCount,
-        _no_votes: MemberCount,
-        len: MemberCount,
-    ) -> bool {
-        let more_than_majority = yes_votes.saturating_mul(2) > len;
-        more_than_majority || prime_vote.unwrap_or(false)
-    }
-}
-
-/// Origin for the collective module.
-#[derive(
-    PartialEq,
-    Eq,
-    Clone,
-    RuntimeDebug,
-    Encode,
-    Decode,
-    DecodeWithMemTracking,
-    TypeInfo,
-    MaxEncodedLen,
-)]
-#[scale_info(skip_type_params(I))]
-#[codec(mel_bound(AccountId: MaxEncodedLen))]
-pub enum RawOrigin<AccountId, I> {
-    /// It has been condoned by a given number of members of the collective from a given total.
-    Members(MemberCount, MemberCount),
-    /// It has been condoned by a single member of the collective.
-    Member(AccountId),
-    /// Dummy to manage the fact we have instancing.
-    _Phantom(PhantomData<I>),
-}
-
-impl<AccountId, I> GetBacking for RawOrigin<AccountId, I> {
-    fn get_backing(&self) -> Option<Backing> {
-        match self {
-            RawOrigin::Members(n, d) => Some(Backing {
-                approvals: *n,
-                eligible: *d,
-            }),
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Info for keeping track of a motion being voted on.
-#[freeze_struct("a8e7b0b34ad52b17")]
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Encode, Decode, RuntimeDebug, TypeInfo)]
-pub struct Votes<AccountId, BlockNumber> {
-    /// The proposal's unique index.
-    index: ProposalIndex,
-    /// The number of approval votes that are needed to pass the motion.
-    threshold: MemberCount,
-    /// The current set of voters that approved it.
-    ayes: Vec<AccountId>,
-    /// The current set of voters that rejected it.
-    nays: Vec<AccountId>,
-    /// The hard end time of this vote.
-    end: BlockNumber,
-}
-
-#[deny(missing_docs)]
-#[frame_support::pallet]
-#[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
-pub mod pallet {
-    use super::*;
-    use frame_system::pallet_prelude::*;
-
-    /// The current storage version.
-    const STORAGE_VERSION: StorageVersion = StorageVersion::new(4);
-
-    #[pallet::pallet]
-    #[pallet::storage_version(STORAGE_VERSION)]
-    #[pallet::without_storage_info]
-    pub struct Pallet<T, I = ()>(PhantomData<(T, I)>);
-
-    #[pallet::config]
-    pub trait Config<I: 'static = ()>: frame_system::Config {
-        /// The runtime origin type.
-        type RuntimeOrigin: From<RawOrigin<Self::AccountId, I>>;
-
-        /// The runtime call dispatch type.
-        type Proposal: Parameter
-            + Dispatchable<
-                RuntimeOrigin = <Self as Config<I>>::RuntimeOrigin,
-                PostInfo = PostDispatchInfo,
-            > + From<frame_system::Call<Self>>
-            + GetDispatchInfo;
-
-        /// The time-out for council motions.
-        type MotionDuration: Get<BlockNumberFor<Self>>;
-
-        /// Maximum number of proposals allowed to be active in parallel.
-        type MaxProposals: Get<ProposalIndex>;
-
-        /// The maximum number of members supported by the pallet. Used for weight estimation.
-        ///
-        /// NOTE:
-        /// + Benchmarks will need to be re-run and weights adjusted if this changes.
-        /// + This pallet assumes that dependents keep to the limit without enforcing it.
-        type MaxMembers: Get<MemberCount>;
-
-        /// Default vote strategy of this collective.
-        type DefaultVote: DefaultVote;
-
-        /// Weight information for extrinsics in this pallet.
-        type WeightInfo: WeightInfo;
-
-        /// Origin allowed to set collective members
-        type SetMembersOrigin: EnsureOrigin<<Self as frame_system::Config>::RuntimeOrigin>;
-
-        /// Origin allowed to propose
-        type CanPropose: CanPropose<Self::AccountId>;
-
-        /// Origin allowed to vote
-        type CanVote: CanVote<Self::AccountId>;
-
-        /// Members to expect in a vote
-        type GetVotingMembers: GetVotingMembers<MemberCount>;
-    }
-
-    #[pallet::genesis_config]
-    pub struct GenesisConfig<T: Config<I>, I: 'static = ()> {
-        /// The phantom just for type place holder.
-        pub phantom: PhantomData<I>,
-        /// The initial members of the collective.
-        pub members: Vec<T::AccountId>,
-    }
-
-    impl<T: Config<I>, I: 'static> Default for GenesisConfig<T, I> {
-        fn default() -> Self {
-            Self {
-                phantom: Default::default(),
-                members: Default::default(),
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[pallet::genesis_build]
-    impl<T: Config<I>, I: 'static> BuildGenesisConfig for GenesisConfig<T, I> {
-        fn build(&self) {
-            use sp_std::collections::btree_set::BTreeSet;
-            let members_set: BTreeSet<_> = self.members.iter().collect();
-            assert_eq!(
-                members_set.len(),
-                self.members.len(),
-                "Members cannot contain duplicate accounts."
-            );
-
-            Pallet::<T, I>::initialize_members(&self.members)
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Origin for the collective pallet.
-    #[pallet::origin]
-    pub type Origin<T, I = ()> = RawOrigin<<T as frame_system::Config>::AccountId, I>;
-
-    /// The hashes of the active proposals.
-    #[pallet::storage]
-    #[pallet::getter(fn proposals)]
-    pub type Proposals<T: Config<I>, I: 'static = ()> =
-        StorageValue<_, BoundedVec<T::Hash, T::MaxProposals>, ValueQuery>;
-
-    /// Actual proposal for a given hash, if it's current.
-    #[pallet::storage]
-    #[pallet::getter(fn proposal_of)]
-    pub type ProposalOf<T: Config<I>, I: 'static = ()> =
-        StorageMap<_, Identity, T::Hash, <T as Config<I>>::Proposal, OptionQuery>;
-
-    /// Votes on a given proposal, if it is ongoing.
-    #[pallet::storage]
-    #[pallet::getter(fn voting)]
-    pub type Voting<T: Config<I>, I: 'static = ()> =
-        StorageMap<_, Identity, T::Hash, Votes<T::AccountId, BlockNumberFor<T>>, OptionQuery>;
-
-    /// Proposals so far.
-    #[pallet::storage]
-    #[pallet::getter(fn proposal_count)]
-    pub type ProposalCount<T: Config<I>, I: 'static = ()> = StorageValue<_, u32, ValueQuery>;
-
-    /// The current members of the collective. This is stored sorted (just by value).
-    #[pallet::storage]
-    #[pallet::getter(fn members)]
-    pub type Members<T: Config<I>, I: 'static = ()> =
-        StorageValue<_, Vec<T::AccountId>, ValueQuery>;
-
-    /// The prime member that helps determine the default vote behavior in case of absentations.
-    #[pallet::storage]
-    #[pallet::getter(fn prime)]
-    pub type Prime<T: Config<I>, I: 'static = ()> = StorageValue<_, T::AccountId, OptionQuery>;
-
-    #[pallet::event]
-    #[pallet::generate_deposit(pub(super) fn deposit_event)]
-    pub enum Event<T: Config<I>, I: 'static = ()> {
-        /// A motion (given hash) has been proposed (by given account) with a threshold (given
-        /// `MemberCount`).
-        Proposed {
-            /// The account that proposed the motion.
-            account: T::AccountId,
-            /// The index of the proposal.
-            proposal_index: ProposalIndex,
-            /// The hash of the proposal.
-            proposal_hash: T::Hash,
-            /// The threshold of member for the proposal.
-            threshold: MemberCount,
-        },
-        /// A motion (given hash) has been voted on by given account, leaving
-        /// a tally (yes votes and no votes given respectively as `MemberCount`).
-        Voted {
-            /// The account that voted.
-            account: T::AccountId,
-            /// The hash of the proposal.
-            proposal_hash: T::Hash,
-            /// Whether the account voted aye.
-            voted: bool,
-            /// The number of yes votes.
-            yes: MemberCount,
-            /// The number of no votes.
-            no: MemberCount,
-        },
-        /// A motion was approved by the required threshold.
-        Approved {
-            /// The hash of the proposal.
-            proposal_hash: T::Hash,
-        },
-        /// A motion was not approved by the required threshold.
-        Disapproved {
-            /// The hash of the proposal.
-            proposal_hash: T::Hash,
-        },
-        /// A motion was executed; result will be `Ok` if it returned without error.
-        Executed {
-            /// The hash of the proposal.
-            proposal_hash: T::Hash,
-            /// The result of the execution.
-            result: DispatchResult,
-        },
-        /// A single member did some action; result will be `Ok` if it returned without error.
-        MemberExecuted {
-            /// The hash of the proposal.
-            proposal_hash: T::Hash,
-            /// The result of the execution.
-            result: DispatchResult,
-        },
-        /// A proposal was closed because its threshold was reached or after its duration was up.
-        Closed {
-            /// The hash of the proposal.
-            proposal_hash: T::Hash,
-            /// Whether the proposal was approved.
-            yes: MemberCount,
-            /// Whether the proposal was rejected.
-            no: MemberCount,
-        },
-    }
-
-    #[pallet::error]
-    pub enum Error<T, I = ()> {
-        /// Account is not a member of collective
-        NotMember,
-        /// Duplicate proposals not allowed
-        DuplicateProposal,
-        /// Proposal must exist
-        ProposalNotExists,
-        /// Index mismatched the proposal hash
-        IndexMismatchProposalHash,
-        /// Duplicate vote ignored
-        DuplicateVote,
-        /// The call to close the proposal was made too early, before the end of the voting
-        TooEarlyToCloseProposal,
-        /// There can only be a maximum of `MaxProposals` active proposals.
-        TooManyActiveProposals,
-        /// The given weight-bound for the proposal was too low.
-        ProposalWeightLessThanDispatchCallWeight,
-        /// The given length-bound for the proposal was too low.
-        ProposalLengthBoundLessThanProposalLength,
-        /// The given motion duration for the proposal was too low.
-        DurationLowerThanConfiguredMotionDuration,
-    }
-
-    // Note that councillor operations are assigned to the operational class.
-    #[pallet::call]
-    impl<T: Config<I>, I: 'static> Pallet<T, I> {
-        #![deny(clippy::expect_used)]
-
-        /// Set the collective's membership.
-        ///
-        /// - `new_members`: The new member list. Be nice to the chain and provide it sorted.
-        /// - `prime`: The prime member whose vote sets the default.
-        /// - `old_count`: The upper bound for the previous number of members in storage. Used for
-        ///   weight estimation.
-        ///
-        /// The dispatch of this call must be `SetMembersOrigin`.
-        ///
-        /// NOTE: Does not enforce the expected `MaxMembers` limit on the amount of members, but
-        ///       the weight estimations rely on it to estimate dispatchable weight.
-        ///
-        /// # WARNING:
-        ///
-        /// The `pallet-collective` can also be managed by logic outside of the pallet through the
-        /// implementation of the trait [`ChangeMembers`].
-        /// Any call to `set_members` must be careful that the member set doesn't get out of sync
-        /// with other logic managing the member set.
-        ///
-        /// ## Complexity:
-        /// - `O(MP + N)` where:
-        ///   - `M` old-members-count (code- and governance-bounded)
-        ///   - `N` new-members-count (code- and governance-bounded)
-        ///   - `P` proposals-count (code-bounded)
-        #[pallet::call_index(0)]
-        #[pallet::weight((
-			T::WeightInfo::set_members(
-				*old_count, // M
-				new_members.len() as u32, // N
-				T::MaxProposals::get() // P
-			),
-			DispatchClass::Operational
-		))]
-        pub fn set_members(
-            origin: OriginFor<T>,
-            new_members: Vec<T::AccountId>,
-            prime: Option<T::AccountId>,
-            old_count: MemberCount,
-        ) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
-            T::SetMembersOrigin::ensure_origin(origin)?;
-            if new_members.len() > T::MaxMembers::get() as usize {
-                log::error!(
-                    target: LOG_TARGET,
-                    "New members count ({}) exceeds maximum amount of members expected ({}).",
-                    new_members.len(),
-                    T::MaxMembers::get(),
-                );
-            }
-
-            let old = Members::<T, I>::get();
-            if old.len() > old_count as usize {
-                log::warn!(
-                    target: LOG_TARGET,
-                    "Wrong count used to estimate set_members weight. expected ({}) vs actual ({})",
-                    old_count,
-                    old.len(),
-                );
-            }
-            let mut new_members = new_members;
-            new_members.sort();
-            <Self as ChangeMembers<T::AccountId>>::set_members_sorted(&new_members, &old);
-            Prime::<T, I>::set(prime);
-
-            Ok(Some(T::WeightInfo::set_members(
-                old.len() as u32,         // M
-                new_members.len() as u32, // N
-                T::MaxProposals::get(),   // P
-            ))
-            .into())
-        }
-
-        /// Dispatch a proposal from a member using the `Member` origin.
-        ///
-        /// Origin must be a member of the collective.
-        ///
-        /// ## Complexity:
-        /// - `O(B + M + P)` where:
-        /// - `B` is `proposal` size in bytes (length-fee-bounded)
-        /// - `M` members-count (code-bounded)
-        /// - `P` complexity of dispatching `proposal`
-        #[pallet::call_index(1)]
-        #[pallet::weight((
-			T::WeightInfo::execute(
-				*length_bound, // B
-				T::MaxMembers::get(), // M
-			).saturating_add(proposal.get_dispatch_info().call_weight), // P
-			DispatchClass::Operational
-		))]
-        pub fn execute(
-            origin: OriginFor<T>,
-            proposal: Box<<T as Config<I>>::Proposal>,
-            #[pallet::compact] length_bound: u32,
-        ) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
-            let who = ensure_signed(origin)?;
-            let members = Self::members();
-            ensure!(members.contains(&who), Error::<T, I>::NotMember);
-
-            let proposal_len = proposal.encoded_size();
-            ensure!(
-                proposal_len <= length_bound as usize,
-                Error::<T, I>::ProposalLengthBoundLessThanProposalLength
-            );
-
-            let proposal_hash = T::Hashing::hash_of(&proposal);
-            let result = proposal.dispatch(RawOrigin::Member(who).into());
-            Self::deposit_event(Event::MemberExecuted {
-                proposal_hash,
-                result: result.map(|_| ()).map_err(|e| e.error),
-            });
-
-            Ok(get_result_weight(result)
-                .map(|w| {
-                    T::WeightInfo::execute(
-                        proposal_len as u32,  // B
-                        members.len() as u32, // M
-                    )
-                    .saturating_add(w) // P
-                })
-                .into())
-        }
-
-        /// Add a new proposal to either be voted on or executed directly.
-        ///
-        /// Requires the sender to be member.
-        ///
-        /// `threshold` determines whether `proposal` is executed directly (`threshold < 2`)
-        /// or put up for voting.
-        ///
-        /// ## Complexity
-        /// - `O(B + M + P1)` or `O(B + M + P2)` where:
-        ///   - `B` is `proposal` size in bytes (length-fee-bounded)
-        ///   - `M` is members-count (code- and governance-bounded)
-        ///   - branching is influenced by `threshold` where:
-        ///     - `P1` is proposal execution complexity (`threshold < 2`)
-        ///     - `P2` is proposals-count (code-bounded) (`threshold >= 2`)
-        #[pallet::call_index(2)]
-        #[pallet::weight((
-			T::WeightInfo::propose_proposed(
-				*length_bound, // B
-				T::MaxMembers::get(), // M
-				T::MaxProposals::get(), // P2
-			),
-			DispatchClass::Operational
-		))]
-        pub fn propose(
-            origin: OriginFor<T>,
-            proposal: Box<<T as Config<I>>::Proposal>,
-            #[pallet::compact] length_bound: u32,
-            duration: BlockNumberFor<T>,
-        ) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
-            let who = ensure_signed(origin.clone())?;
-            ensure!(T::CanPropose::can_propose(&who), Error::<T, I>::NotMember);
-
-            ensure!(
-                duration >= T::MotionDuration::get(),
-                Error::<T, I>::DurationLowerThanConfiguredMotionDuration
-            );
-
-            let threshold = T::GetVotingMembers::get_count()
-                .checked_div(2)
-                .unwrap_or(0)
-                .saturating_add(1);
-
-            let members = Self::members();
-            let (proposal_len, active_proposals) =
-                Self::do_propose_proposed(who, threshold, proposal, length_bound, duration)?;
-
-            Ok(Some(T::WeightInfo::propose_proposed(
-                proposal_len,         // B
-                members.len() as u32, // M
-                active_proposals,     // P2
-            ))
-            .into())
-        }
-
-        /// Add an aye or nay vote for the sender to the given proposal.
-        ///
-        /// Requires the sender to be a member.
-        ///
-        /// Transaction fees will be waived if the member is voting on any particular proposal
-        /// for the first time and the call is successful. Subsequent vote changes will charge a
-        /// fee.
-        /// ## Complexity
-        /// - `O(M)` where `M` is members-count (code- and governance-bounded)
-        #[pallet::call_index(3)]
-        #[pallet::weight((T::WeightInfo::vote(T::MaxMembers::get()), DispatchClass::Operational))]
-        pub fn vote(
-            origin: OriginFor<T>,
-            proposal: T::Hash,
-            #[pallet::compact] index: ProposalIndex,
-            approve: bool,
-        ) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
-            let who = ensure_signed(origin.clone())?;
-            ensure!(T::CanVote::can_vote(&who), Error::<T, I>::NotMember);
-
-            let members = Self::members();
-            // Detects first vote of the member in the motion
-            let is_account_voting_first_time = Self::do_vote(who, proposal, index, approve)?;
-
-            if is_account_voting_first_time {
-                Ok((Some(T::WeightInfo::vote(members.len() as u32)), Pays::No).into())
-            } else {
-                Ok((Some(T::WeightInfo::vote(members.len() as u32)), Pays::Yes).into())
-            }
-        }
-
-        // NOTE: call_index(4) was `close_old_weight` and was removed due to weights v1
-        // deprecation
-
-        /// Disapprove a proposal, close, and remove it from the system, regardless of its current
-        /// state.
-        ///
-        /// Must be called by the Root origin.
-        ///
-        /// Parameters:
-        /// * `proposal_hash`: The hash of the proposal that should be disapproved.
-        ///
-        /// ## Complexity
-        /// O(P) where P is the number of max proposals
-        #[pallet::call_index(5)]
-        #[pallet::weight(T::WeightInfo::disapprove_proposal(T::MaxProposals::get()))]
-        pub fn disapprove_proposal(
-            origin: OriginFor<T>,
-            proposal_hash: T::Hash,
-        ) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
-            ensure_root(origin)?;
-            let proposal_count = Self::do_disapprove_proposal(proposal_hash);
-            Ok(Some(T::WeightInfo::disapprove_proposal(proposal_count)).into())
-        }
-
-        /// Close a vote that is either approved, disapproved or whose voting period has ended.
-        ///
-        /// May be called by any signed account in order to finish voting and close the proposal.
-        ///
-        /// If called before the end of the voting period it will only close the vote if it is
-        /// has enough votes to be approved or disapproved.
-        ///
-        /// If called after the end of the voting period abstentions are counted as rejections
-        /// unless there is a prime member set and the prime member cast an approval.
-        ///
-        /// If the close operation completes successfully with disapproval, the transaction fee will
-        /// be waived. Otherwise execution of the approved operation will be charged to the caller.
-        ///
-        /// + `proposal_weight_bound`: The maximum amount of weight consumed by executing the closed
-        /// proposal.
-        /// + `length_bound`: The upper bound for the length of the proposal in storage. Checked via
-        /// `storage::read` so it is `size_of::<u32>() == 4` larger than the pure length.
-        ///
-        /// ## Complexity
-        /// - `O(B + M + P1 + P2)` where:
-        ///   - `B` is `proposal` size in bytes (length-fee-bounded)
-        ///   - `M` is members-count (code- and governance-bounded)
-        ///   - `P1` is the complexity of `proposal` preimage.
-        ///   - `P2` is proposal-count (code-bounded)
-        #[pallet::call_index(6)]
-        #[pallet::weight((
-			{
-				let b = *length_bound;
-				let m = T::MaxMembers::get();
-				let p1 = *proposal_weight_bound;
-				let p2 = T::MaxProposals::get();
-				T::WeightInfo::close_early_approved(b, m, p2)
-					.max(T::WeightInfo::close_early_disapproved(m, p2))
-					.max(T::WeightInfo::close_approved(b, m, p2))
-					.max(T::WeightInfo::close_disapproved(m, p2))
-					.saturating_add(p1)
-			},
-			DispatchClass::Operational
-		))]
-        pub fn close(
-            origin: OriginFor<T>,
-            proposal_hash: T::Hash,
-            #[pallet::compact] index: ProposalIndex,
-            proposal_weight_bound: Weight,
-            #[pallet::compact] length_bound: u32,
-        ) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
-            ensure_root(origin)?;
-
-            Self::do_close(proposal_hash, index, proposal_weight_bound, length_bound)
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-use frame_system::pallet_prelude::BlockNumberFor;
-
-/// Return the weight of a dispatch call result as an `Option`.
-///
-/// Will return the weight regardless of what the state of the result is.
-fn get_result_weight(result: DispatchResultWithPostInfo) -> Option<Weight> {
-    match result {
-        Ok(post_info) => post_info.actual_weight,
-        Err(err) => err.post_info.actual_weight,
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T: Config<I>, I: 'static> Pallet<T, I> {
-    /// Check whether `who` is a member of the collective.
-    pub fn is_member(who: &T::AccountId) -> bool {
-        // Note: The dispatchables *do not* use this to check membership so make sure
-        // to update those if this is changed.
-        Self::members().contains(who)
-    }
-
-    /// Add a new proposal to be voted.
-    pub fn do_propose_proposed(
-        who: T::AccountId,
-        threshold: MemberCount,
-        proposal: Box<<T as Config<I>>::Proposal>,
-        length_bound: MemberCount,
-        duration: BlockNumberFor<T>,
-    ) -> Result<(u32, u32), DispatchError> {
-        let proposal_len = proposal.encoded_size();
-        ensure!(
-            proposal_len <= length_bound as usize,
-            Error::<T, I>::ProposalLengthBoundLessThanProposalLength
-        );
-
-        let proposal_hash = T::Hashing::hash_of(&proposal);
-        ensure!(
-            !<ProposalOf<T, I>>::contains_key(proposal_hash),
-            Error::<T, I>::DuplicateProposal
-        );
-
-        let active_proposals =
-            <Proposals<T, I>>::try_mutate(|proposals| -> Result<usize, DispatchError> {
-                proposals
-                    .try_push(proposal_hash)
-                    .map_err(|_| Error::<T, I>::TooManyActiveProposals)?;
-                Ok(proposals.len())
-            })?;
-
-        let index = Self::proposal_count();
-        <ProposalCount<T, I>>::try_mutate(|i| {
-            *i = i
-                .checked_add(1)
-                .ok_or(Error::<T, I>::TooManyActiveProposals)?;
-            Ok::<(), Error<T, I>>(())
-        })?;
-        <ProposalOf<T, I>>::insert(proposal_hash, proposal);
-        let votes = {
-            let end = frame_system::Pallet::<T>::block_number().saturating_add(duration);
-            Votes {
-                index,
-                threshold,
-                ayes: vec![],
-                nays: vec![],
-                end,
-            }
-        };
-        <Voting<T, I>>::insert(proposal_hash, votes);
-
-        Self::deposit_event(Event::Proposed {
-            account: who,
-            proposal_index: index,
-            proposal_hash,
-            threshold,
-        });
-        Ok((proposal_len as u32, active_proposals as u32))
-    }
-
-    /// Add an aye or nay vote for the member to the given proposal, returns true if it's the first
-    /// vote of the member in the motion
-    pub fn do_vote(
-        who: T::AccountId,
-        proposal: T::Hash,
-        index: ProposalIndex,
-        approve: bool,
-    ) -> Result<bool, DispatchError> {
-        let mut voting = Self::voting(proposal).ok_or(Error::<T, I>::ProposalNotExists)?;
-        ensure!(
-            voting.index == index,
-            Error::<T, I>::IndexMismatchProposalHash
-        );
-
-        let position_yes = voting.ayes.iter().position(|a| a == &who);
-        let position_no = voting.nays.iter().position(|a| a == &who);
-
-        // Detects first vote of the member in the motion
-        let is_account_voting_first_time = position_yes.is_none() && position_no.is_none();
-
-        if approve {
-            if position_yes.is_none() {
-                voting.ayes.push(who.clone());
-            } else {
-                return Err(Error::<T, I>::DuplicateVote.into());
-            }
-            if let Some(pos) = position_no {
-                voting.nays.swap_remove(pos);
-            }
-        } else {
-            if position_no.is_none() {
-                voting.nays.push(who.clone());
-            } else {
-                return Err(Error::<T, I>::DuplicateVote.into());
-            }
-            if let Some(pos) = position_yes {
-                voting.ayes.swap_remove(pos);
-            }
-        }
-
-        let yes_votes = voting.ayes.len() as MemberCount;
-        let no_votes = voting.nays.len() as MemberCount;
-        Self::deposit_event(Event::Voted {
-            account: who,
-            proposal_hash: proposal,
-            voted: approve,
-            yes: yes_votes,
-            no: no_votes,
-        });
-
-        Voting::<T, I>::insert(proposal, voting);
-
-        Ok(is_account_voting_first_time)
-    }
-
-    /// Close a vote that is either approved, disapproved or whose voting period has ended.
-    pub fn do_close(
-        proposal_hash: T::Hash,
-        index: ProposalIndex,
-        proposal_weight_bound: Weight,
-        length_bound: u32,
-    ) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
-        let voting = Self::voting(proposal_hash).ok_or(Error::<T, I>::ProposalNotExists)?;
-        ensure!(
-            voting.index == index,
-            Error::<T, I>::IndexMismatchProposalHash
-        );
-
-        let mut no_votes = voting.nays.len() as MemberCount;
-        let mut yes_votes = voting.ayes.len() as MemberCount;
-        let seats = T::GetVotingMembers::get_count() as MemberCount;
-        let approved = yes_votes >= voting.threshold;
-        let disapproved = seats.saturating_sub(no_votes) < voting.threshold;
-        // Allow (dis-)approving the proposal as soon as there are enough votes.
-        if approved {
-            let (proposal, len) = Self::validate_and_get_proposal(
-                &proposal_hash,
-                length_bound,
-                proposal_weight_bound,
-            )?;
-            Self::deposit_event(Event::Closed {
-                proposal_hash,
-                yes: yes_votes,
-                no: no_votes,
-            });
-            let (proposal_weight, proposal_count) =
-                Self::do_approve_proposal(seats, yes_votes, proposal_hash, proposal);
-            return Ok((
-                Some(
-                    T::WeightInfo::close_early_approved(len as u32, seats, proposal_count)
-                        .saturating_add(proposal_weight),
-                ),
-                Pays::Yes,
-            )
-                .into());
-        } else if disapproved {
-            Self::deposit_event(Event::Closed {
-                proposal_hash,
-                yes: yes_votes,
-                no: no_votes,
-            });
-            let proposal_count = Self::do_disapprove_proposal(proposal_hash);
-            return Ok((
-                Some(T::WeightInfo::close_early_disapproved(
-                    seats,
-                    proposal_count,
-                )),
-                Pays::No,
-            )
-                .into());
-        }
-
-        // Only allow actual closing of the proposal after the voting period has ended.
-        ensure!(
-            frame_system::Pallet::<T>::block_number() >= voting.end,
-            Error::<T, I>::TooEarlyToCloseProposal
-        );
-
-        let prime_vote = Self::prime().map(|who| voting.ayes.iter().any(|a| a == &who));
-
-        // default voting strategy.
-        let default = T::DefaultVote::default_vote(prime_vote, yes_votes, no_votes, seats);
-
-        let abstentions = seats.saturating_sub(yes_votes.saturating_add(no_votes));
-        match default {
-            true => yes_votes = yes_votes.saturating_add(abstentions),
-            false => no_votes = no_votes.saturating_add(abstentions),
-        }
-        let approved = yes_votes >= voting.threshold;
-
-        if approved {
-            let (proposal, len) = Self::validate_and_get_proposal(
-                &proposal_hash,
-                length_bound,
-                proposal_weight_bound,
-            )?;
-            Self::deposit_event(Event::Closed {
-                proposal_hash,
-                yes: yes_votes,
-                no: no_votes,
-            });
-            let (proposal_weight, proposal_count) =
-                Self::do_approve_proposal(seats, yes_votes, proposal_hash, proposal);
-            Ok((
-                Some(
-                    T::WeightInfo::close_approved(len as u32, seats, proposal_count)
-                        .saturating_add(proposal_weight),
-                ),
-                Pays::Yes,
-            )
-                .into())
-        } else {
-            Self::deposit_event(Event::Closed {
-                proposal_hash,
-                yes: yes_votes,
-                no: no_votes,
-            });
-            let proposal_count = Self::do_disapprove_proposal(proposal_hash);
-            Ok((
-                Some(T::WeightInfo::close_disapproved(seats, proposal_count)),
-                Pays::No,
-            )
-                .into())
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Ensure that the right proposal bounds were passed and get the proposal from storage.
-    ///
-    /// Checks the length in storage via `storage::read` which adds an extra `size_of::<u32>() == 4`
-    /// to the length.
-    fn validate_and_get_proposal(
-        hash: &T::Hash,
-        length_bound: u32,
-        weight_bound: Weight,
-    ) -> Result<(<T as Config<I>>::Proposal, usize), DispatchError> {
-        let key = ProposalOf::<T, I>::hashed_key_for(hash);
-        // read the length of the proposal storage entry directly
-        let proposal_len =
-            storage::read(&key, &mut [0; 0], 0).ok_or(Error::<T, I>::ProposalNotExists)?;
-        ensure!(
-            proposal_len <= length_bound,
-            Error::<T, I>::ProposalLengthBoundLessThanProposalLength
-        );
-        let proposal = ProposalOf::<T, I>::get(hash).ok_or(Error::<T, I>::ProposalNotExists)?;
-        let proposal_weight = proposal.get_dispatch_info().call_weight;
-        ensure!(
-            proposal_weight.all_lte(weight_bound),
-            Error::<T, I>::ProposalWeightLessThanDispatchCallWeight
-        );
-        Ok((proposal, proposal_len as usize))
-    }
-
-    /// Weight:
-    /// If `approved`:
-    /// - the weight of `proposal` preimage.
-    /// - two events deposited.
-    /// - two removals, one mutation.
-    /// - computation and i/o `O(P + L)` where:
-    ///   - `P` is number of active proposals,
-    ///   - `L` is the encoded length of `proposal` preimage.
-    ///
-    /// If not `approved`:
-    /// - one event deposited.
-    /// - two removals, one mutation.
-    /// - computation and i/o `O(P)` where:
-    ///   - `P` is number of active proposals
-    fn do_approve_proposal(
-        seats: MemberCount,
-        yes_votes: MemberCount,
-        proposal_hash: T::Hash,
-        proposal: <T as Config<I>>::Proposal,
-    ) -> (Weight, u32) {
-        Self::deposit_event(Event::Approved { proposal_hash });
-
-        let dispatch_weight = proposal.get_dispatch_info().call_weight;
-        let origin = RawOrigin::Members(yes_votes, seats).into();
-        let result = proposal.dispatch(origin);
-        Self::deposit_event(Event::Executed {
-            proposal_hash,
-            result: result.map(|_| ()).map_err(|e| e.error),
-        });
-        // default to the dispatch info weight for safety
-        let proposal_weight = get_result_weight(result).unwrap_or(dispatch_weight); // P1
-
-        let proposal_count = Self::remove_proposal(proposal_hash);
-        (proposal_weight, proposal_count)
-    }
-
-    /// Removes a proposal from the pallet, and deposit the `Disapproved` event.
-    pub fn do_disapprove_proposal(proposal_hash: T::Hash) -> u32 {
-        // disapproved
-        Self::deposit_event(Event::Disapproved { proposal_hash });
-        Self::remove_proposal(proposal_hash)
-    }
-
-    // Removes a proposal from the pallet, cleaning up votes and the vector of proposals.
-    fn remove_proposal(proposal_hash: T::Hash) -> u32 {
-        // remove proposal and vote
-        ProposalOf::<T, I>::remove(proposal_hash);
-        Voting::<T, I>::remove(proposal_hash);
-        let num_proposals = Proposals::<T, I>::mutate(|proposals| {
-            proposals.retain(|h| h != &proposal_hash);
-            proposals.len().saturating_add(1) // calculate weight based on original length
-        });
-        num_proposals as u32
-    }
-
-    pub fn remove_votes(who: &T::AccountId) -> Result<bool, DispatchError> {
-        for h in Self::proposals().into_iter() {
-            <Voting<T, I>>::mutate(h, |v| {
-                if let Some(mut votes) = v.take() {
-                    votes.ayes.retain(|i| i != who);
-                    votes.nays.retain(|i| i != who);
-                    *v = Some(votes);
-                }
-            });
-        }
-
-        Ok(true)
-    }
-
-    pub fn has_voted(
-        proposal: T::Hash,
-        index: ProposalIndex,
-        who: &T::AccountId,
-    ) -> Result<bool, DispatchError> {
-        let voting = Self::voting(proposal).ok_or(Error::<T, I>::ProposalNotExists)?;
-        ensure!(
-            voting.index == index,
-            Error::<T, I>::IndexMismatchProposalHash
-        );
-
-        let position_yes = voting.ayes.iter().position(|a| a == who);
-        let position_no = voting.nays.iter().position(|a| a == who);
-
-        Ok(position_yes.is_some() || position_no.is_some())
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T: Config<I>, I: 'static> ChangeMembers<T::AccountId> for Pallet<T, I> {
-    /// Update the members of the collective. Votes are updated and the prime is reset.
-    ///
-    /// NOTE: Does not enforce the expected `MaxMembers` limit on the amount of members, but
-    ///       the weight estimations rely on it to estimate dispatchable weight.
-    ///
-    /// ## Complexity
-    /// - `O(MP + N)`
-    ///   - where `M` old-members-count (governance-bounded)
-    ///   - where `N` new-members-count (governance-bounded)
-    ///   - where `P` proposals-count
-    fn change_members_sorted(
-        _incoming: &[T::AccountId],
-        outgoing: &[T::AccountId],
-        new: &[T::AccountId],
-    ) {
-        if new.len() > T::MaxMembers::get() as usize {
-            log::error!(
-                target: LOG_TARGET,
-                "New members count ({}) exceeds maximum amount of members expected ({}).",
-                new.len(),
-                T::MaxMembers::get(),
-            );
-        }
-        // remove accounts from all current voting in motions.
-        let mut outgoing = outgoing.to_vec();
-        outgoing.sort();
-        for h in Self::proposals().into_iter() {
-            <Voting<T, I>>::mutate(h, |v| {
-                if let Some(mut votes) = v.take() {
-                    votes.ayes.retain(|i| outgoing.binary_search(i).is_err());
-                    votes.nays.retain(|i| outgoing.binary_search(i).is_err());
-                    *v = Some(votes);
-                }
-            });
-        }
-        Members::<T, I>::put(new);
-        Prime::<T, I>::kill();
-    }
-
-    fn set_prime(prime: Option<T::AccountId>) {
-        Prime::<T, I>::set(prime);
-    }
-
-    fn get_prime() -> Option<T::AccountId> {
-        Prime::<T, I>::get()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T: Config<I>, I: 'static> InitializeMembers<T::AccountId> for Pallet<T, I> {
-    fn initialize_members(members: &[T::AccountId]) {
-        if !members.is_empty() {
-            assert!(
-                <Members<T, I>>::get().is_empty(),
-                "Members are already initialized!"
-            );
-            <Members<T, I>>::put(members);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Ensure that the origin `o` represents at least `n` members. Returns `Ok` or an `Err`
-/// otherwise.
-pub fn ensure_members<OuterOrigin, AccountId, I>(
-    o: OuterOrigin,
-    n: MemberCount,
-) -> result::Result<MemberCount, &'static str>
-where
-    OuterOrigin: Into<result::Result<RawOrigin<AccountId, I>, OuterOrigin>>,
-{
-    match o.into() {
-        Ok(RawOrigin::Members(x, _)) if x >= n => Ok(n),
-        _ => Err("bad origin: expected to be a threshold number of members"),
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct EnsureMember<AccountId, I: 'static>(PhantomData<(AccountId, I)>);
-impl<
-    O: Into<Result<RawOrigin<AccountId, I>, O>> + From<RawOrigin<AccountId, I>>,
-    I,
-    AccountId: Decode,
-> EnsureOrigin<O> for EnsureMember<AccountId, I>
-{
-    type Success = AccountId;
-    fn try_origin(o: O) -> Result<Self::Success, O> {
-        o.into().and_then(|o| match o {
-            RawOrigin::Member(id) => Ok(id),
-            r => Err(O::from(r)),
-        })
-    }
-
-    #[cfg(feature = "runtime-benchmarks")]
-    #[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
-    fn try_successful_origin() -> Result<O, ()> {
-        let zero_account_id =
-            AccountId::decode(&mut sp_runtime::traits::TrailingZeroInput::zeroes())
-                .expect("infinite length input; no invalid inputs for type; qed");
-        Ok(O::from(RawOrigin::Member(zero_account_id)))
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct EnsureMembers<AccountId, I: 'static, const N: u32>(PhantomData<(AccountId, I)>);
-impl<
-    O: Into<Result<RawOrigin<AccountId, I>, O>> + From<RawOrigin<AccountId, I>>,
-    AccountId,
-    I,
-    const N: u32,
-> EnsureOrigin<O> for EnsureMembers<AccountId, I, N>
-{
-    type Success = (MemberCount, MemberCount);
-    fn try_origin(o: O) -> Result<Self::Success, O> {
-        o.into().and_then(|o| match o {
-            RawOrigin::Members(n, m) if n >= N => Ok((n, m)),
-            r => Err(O::from(r)),
-        })
-    }
-
-    #[cfg(feature = "runtime-benchmarks")]
-    fn try_successful_origin() -> Result<O, ()> {
-        Ok(O::from(RawOrigin::Members(N, N)))
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct EnsureProportionMoreThan<AccountId, I: 'static, const N: u32, const D: u32>(
-    PhantomData<(AccountId, I)>,
-);
-impl<
-    O: Into<Result<RawOrigin<AccountId, I>, O>> + From<RawOrigin<AccountId, I>>,
-    AccountId,
-    I,
-    const N: u32,
-    const D: u32,
-> EnsureOrigin<O> for EnsureProportionMoreThan<AccountId, I, N, D>
-{
-    type Success = ();
-    fn try_origin(o: O) -> Result<Self::Success, O> {
-        o.into().and_then(|o| match o {
-            RawOrigin::Members(n, m) if n.saturating_mul(D) > N.saturating_mul(m) => Ok(()),
-            r => Err(O::from(r)),
-        })
-    }
-
-    #[cfg(feature = "runtime-benchmarks")]
-    fn try_successful_origin() -> Result<O, ()> {
-        Ok(O::from(RawOrigin::Members(1u32, 0u32)))
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct EnsureProportionAtLeast<AccountId, I: 'static, const N: u32, const D: u32>(
-    PhantomData<(AccountId, I)>,
-);
-impl<
-    O: Into<Result<RawOrigin<AccountId, I>, O>> + From<RawOrigin<AccountId, I>>,
-    AccountId,
-    I,
-    const N: u32,
-    const D: u32,
-> EnsureOrigin<O> for EnsureProportionAtLeast<AccountId, I, N, D>
-{
-    type Success = ();
-    fn try_origin(o: O) -> Result<Self::Success, O> {
-        o.into().and_then(|o| match o {
-            RawOrigin::Members(n, m) if n.saturating_mul(D) >= N.saturating_mul(m) => Ok(()),
-            r => Err(O::from(r)),
-        })
-    }
-
-    #[cfg(feature = "runtime-benchmarks")]
-    fn try_successful_origin() -> Result<O, ()> {
-        Ok(O::from(RawOrigin::Members(0u32, 0u32)))
-    }
-}
-
-/// CanPropose
-pub trait CanPropose<AccountId> {
-    /// Check whether or not the passed AccountId can propose a new motion
-    fn can_propose(account: &AccountId) -> bool;
-}
-
-impl<T> CanPropose<T> for () {
-    fn can_propose(_: &T) -> bool {
-        false
-    }
-}
-
-/// CanVote
-pub trait CanVote<AccountId> {
-    /// Check whether or not the passed AccountId can vote on a motion
-    fn can_vote(account: &AccountId) -> bool;
-}
-
-impl<T> CanVote<T> for () {
-    fn can_vote(_: &T) -> bool {
-        false
-    }
-}
-
-pub trait GetVotingMembers<MemberCount> {
-    fn get_count() -> MemberCount;
-}
-
-impl GetVotingMembers<MemberCount> for () {
-    fn get_count() -> MemberCount {
-        0
-    }
-}
diff --git a/pallets/collective/src/tests.rs b/pallets/collective/src/tests.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 5c39c3d2f4..0000000000
--- a/pallets/collective/src/tests.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1587 +0,0 @@
-// This file is part of Substrate.
-
-// Copyright (C) Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-// 	http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-#![allow(
-    non_camel_case_types,
-    clippy::expect_used,
-    clippy::indexing_slicing,
-    clippy::unwrap_used
-)]
-
-use super::{Event as CollectiveEvent, *};
-use crate as pallet_collective;
-use frame_support::{
-    Hashable, assert_noop, assert_ok, derive_impl, parameter_types, traits::ConstU64,
-};
-use frame_system::{EnsureRoot, EventRecord, Phase};
-use sp_core::H256;
-use sp_runtime::{
-    BuildStorage,
-    testing::{Header, TestXt},
-    traits::{BlakeTwo256, IdentityLookup},
-};
-
-pub type Block = sp_runtime::generic::Block<Header, UncheckedExtrinsic>;
-pub type UncheckedExtrinsic = TestXt<RuntimeCall, ()>;
-
-frame_support::construct_runtime!(
-    pub enum Test
-    {
-        System: frame_system::{Pallet, Call, Event<T>} = 1,
-        Collective: pallet_collective::<Instance1>::{Pallet, Call, Event<T>, Origin<T>, Config<T>} = 2,
-        CollectiveMajority: pallet_collective::<Instance2>::{Pallet, Call, Event<T>, Origin<T>, Config<T>} = 3,
-        DefaultCollective: pallet_collective::{Pallet, Call, Event<T>, Origin<T>, Config<T>} = 4,
-        Democracy: mock_democracy::{Pallet, Call, Event<T>} = 5,
-    }
-);
-mod mock_democracy {
-    pub use pallet::*;
-    #[frame_support::pallet(dev_mode)]
-    pub mod pallet {
-        use frame_support::pallet_prelude::*;
-        use frame_system::pallet_prelude::*;
-
-        #[pallet::pallet]
-        pub struct Pallet<T>(_);
-
-        #[pallet::config]
-        pub trait Config: frame_system::Config + Sized {
-            type ExternalMajorityOrigin: EnsureOrigin<Self::RuntimeOrigin>;
-        }
-
-        #[pallet::call]
-        impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
-            #[pallet::call_index(0)]
-            pub fn external_propose_majority(origin: OriginFor<T>) -> DispatchResult {
-                T::ExternalMajorityOrigin::ensure_origin(origin)?;
-                Self::deposit_event(Event::<T>::ExternalProposed);
-                Ok(())
-            }
-        }
-
-        #[pallet::event]
-        #[pallet::generate_deposit(pub(super) fn deposit_event)]
-        pub enum Event<T: Config> {
-            ExternalProposed,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-pub type MaxMembers = ConstU32<100>;
-
-parameter_types! {
-    pub const MotionDuration: u64 = 3;
-    pub const MaxProposals: u32 = 257;
-}
-
-#[derive_impl(frame_system::config_preludes::TestDefaultConfig)]
-impl frame_system::Config for Test {
-    type BaseCallFilter = frame_support::traits::Everything;
-    type BlockWeights = ();
-    type BlockLength = ();
-    type DbWeight = ();
-    type RuntimeOrigin = RuntimeOrigin;
-    type RuntimeCall = RuntimeCall;
-    type Hash = H256;
-    type Hashing = BlakeTwo256;
-    type AccountId = u64;
-    type Lookup = IdentityLookup<Self::AccountId>;
-    type RuntimeEvent = RuntimeEvent;
-    type BlockHashCount = ConstU64<250>;
-    type Version = ();
-    type PalletInfo = PalletInfo;
-    type AccountData = ();
-    type OnNewAccount = ();
-    type OnKilledAccount = ();
-    type SystemWeightInfo = ();
-    type SS58Prefix = ();
-    type OnSetCode = ();
-    type MaxConsumers = ConstU32<16>;
-    type Block = Block;
-    type Nonce = u64;
-}
-
-pub struct CanProposeCollective;
-impl CanPropose<<Test as frame_system::Config>::AccountId> for CanProposeCollective {
-    fn can_propose(who: &<Test as frame_system::Config>::AccountId) -> bool {
-        Collective::is_member(who)
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct CanVoteCollective;
-impl CanVote<<Test as frame_system::Config>::AccountId> for CanVoteCollective {
-    fn can_vote(who: &<Test as frame_system::Config>::AccountId) -> bool {
-        Collective::is_member(who)
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct GetCollectiveCount;
-impl GetVotingMembers<MemberCount> for GetCollectiveCount {
-    fn get_count() -> MemberCount {
-        Collective::members().len() as u32
-    }
-}
-impl Get<MemberCount> for GetCollectiveCount {
-    fn get() -> MemberCount {
-        <MaxMembers as TypedGet>::get()
-    }
-}
-
-impl Config<Instance1> for Test {
-    type RuntimeOrigin = RuntimeOrigin;
-    type Proposal = RuntimeCall;
-    type MotionDuration = ConstU64<3>;
-    type MaxProposals = MaxProposals;
-    type MaxMembers = MaxMembers;
-    type DefaultVote = PrimeDefaultVote;
-    type WeightInfo = ();
-    type SetMembersOrigin = EnsureRoot<Self::AccountId>;
-    type CanPropose = CanProposeCollective;
-    type CanVote = CanVoteCollective;
-    type GetVotingMembers = GetCollectiveCount;
-}
-
-pub struct CanProposeCollectiveMajority;
-impl CanPropose<<Test as frame_system::Config>::AccountId> for CanProposeCollectiveMajority {
-    fn can_propose(who: &<Test as frame_system::Config>::AccountId) -> bool {
-        CollectiveMajority::is_member(who)
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct CanVoteCollectiveMajority;
-impl CanVote<<Test as frame_system::Config>::AccountId> for CanVoteCollectiveMajority {
-    fn can_vote(who: &<Test as frame_system::Config>::AccountId) -> bool {
-        CollectiveMajority::is_member(who)
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct GetCollectiveMajorityCount;
-impl GetVotingMembers<MemberCount> for GetCollectiveMajorityCount {
-    fn get_count() -> MemberCount {
-        CollectiveMajority::members().len() as u32
-    }
-}
-impl Get<MemberCount> for GetCollectiveMajorityCount {
-    fn get() -> MemberCount {
-        <MaxMembers as TypedGet>::get()
-    }
-}
-
-impl Config<Instance2> for Test {
-    type RuntimeOrigin = RuntimeOrigin;
-    type Proposal = RuntimeCall;
-    type MotionDuration = ConstU64<3>;
-    type MaxProposals = MaxProposals;
-    type MaxMembers = MaxMembers;
-    type DefaultVote = MoreThanMajorityThenPrimeDefaultVote;
-    type WeightInfo = ();
-    type SetMembersOrigin = EnsureRoot<Self::AccountId>;
-    type CanPropose = CanProposeCollectiveMajority;
-    type CanVote = CanVoteCollectiveMajority;
-    type GetVotingMembers = GetCollectiveMajorityCount;
-}
-impl mock_democracy::Config for Test {
-    type ExternalMajorityOrigin = EnsureProportionAtLeast<u64, Instance1, 3, 4>;
-}
-
-pub struct CanProposeDefaultCollective;
-impl CanPropose<<Test as frame_system::Config>::AccountId> for CanProposeDefaultCollective {
-    fn can_propose(who: &<Test as frame_system::Config>::AccountId) -> bool {
-        DefaultCollective::is_member(who)
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct CanVoteDefaultCollective;
-impl CanVote<<Test as frame_system::Config>::AccountId> for CanVoteDefaultCollective {
-    fn can_vote(who: &<Test as frame_system::Config>::AccountId) -> bool {
-        DefaultCollective::is_member(who)
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct GetDefaultCollectiveCount;
-impl GetVotingMembers<MemberCount> for GetDefaultCollectiveCount {
-    fn get_count() -> MemberCount {
-        DefaultCollective::members().len() as u32
-    }
-}
-impl Get<MemberCount> for GetDefaultCollectiveCount {
-    fn get() -> MemberCount {
-        <MaxMembers as TypedGet>::get()
-    }
-}
-
-impl Config for Test {
-    type RuntimeOrigin = RuntimeOrigin;
-    type Proposal = RuntimeCall;
-    type MotionDuration = ConstU64<3>;
-    type MaxProposals = MaxProposals;
-    type MaxMembers = MaxMembers;
-    type DefaultVote = PrimeDefaultVote;
-    type WeightInfo = ();
-    type SetMembersOrigin = EnsureRoot<Self::AccountId>;
-    type CanPropose = CanProposeDefaultCollective;
-    type CanVote = CanVoteDefaultCollective;
-    type GetVotingMembers = GetDefaultCollectiveCount;
-}
-
-pub fn new_test_ext() -> sp_io::TestExternalities {
-    let mut ext: sp_io::TestExternalities = RuntimeGenesisConfig {
-        collective: pallet_collective::GenesisConfig {
-            members: vec![1, 2, 3],
-            phantom: Default::default(),
-        },
-        collective_majority: pallet_collective::GenesisConfig {
-            members: vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
-            phantom: Default::default(),
-        },
-        default_collective: Default::default(),
-    }
-    .build_storage()
-    .unwrap()
-    .into();
-    ext.execute_with(|| System::set_block_number(1));
-    ext
-}
-
-fn make_proposal(value: u64) -> RuntimeCall {
-    RuntimeCall::System(frame_system::Call::remark_with_event {
-        remark: value.to_be_bytes().to_vec(),
-    })
-}
-
-fn record(event: RuntimeEvent) -> EventRecord<RuntimeEvent, H256> {
-    EventRecord {
-        phase: Phase::Initialization,
-        event,
-        topics: vec![],
-    }
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn motions_basic_environment_works() {
-    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-        assert_eq!(Collective::members(), vec![1, 2, 3]);
-        assert_eq!(*Collective::proposals(), Vec::<H256>::new());
-    });
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn close_works() {
-    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-        let proposal = make_proposal(42);
-        let proposal_len: u32 = proposal.using_encoded(|p| p.len() as u32);
-        let proposal_weight = proposal.get_dispatch_info().call_weight;
-        let hash = BlakeTwo256::hash_of(&proposal);
-
-        assert_ok!(Collective::propose(
-            RuntimeOrigin::signed(1),
-            Box::new(proposal.clone()),
-            proposal_len,
-            TryInto::<BlockNumberFor<Test>>::try_into(3u64).expect("convert u64 to block number.")
-        ));
-        assert_ok!(Collective::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(1), hash, 0, true));
-
-        System::set_block_number(3);
-        assert_noop!(
-            Collective::close(
-                RuntimeOrigin::root(),
-                hash,
-                0,
-                proposal_weight,
-                proposal_len
-            ),
-            Error::<Test, Instance1>::TooEarlyToCloseProposal
-        );
-
-        System::set_block_number(4);
-        assert_ok!(Collective::close(
-            RuntimeOrigin::root(),
-            hash,
-            0,
-            proposal_weight,
-            proposal_len
-        ));
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            System::events(),
-            vec![
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Proposed {
-                    account: 1,
-                    proposal_index: 0,
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    threshold: 2
-                })),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Voted {
-                    account: 1,
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    voted: true,
-                    yes: 1,
-                    no: 0
-                })),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Closed {
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    yes: 1,
-                    no: 2
-                })),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Disapproved {
-                    proposal_hash: hash
-                }))
-            ]
-        );
-    });
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn proposal_weight_limit_works_on_approve() {
-    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-        let proposal = RuntimeCall::Collective(crate::Call::set_members {
-            new_members: vec![1, 2, 3],
-            prime: None,
-            old_count: <MaxMembers as TypedGet>::get(),
-        });
-        let proposal_len: u32 = proposal.using_encoded(|p| p.len() as u32);
-        let proposal_weight = proposal.get_dispatch_info().call_weight;
-        let hash = BlakeTwo256::hash_of(&proposal);
-        // Set 1 as prime voter
-        Prime::<Test, Instance1>::set(Some(1));
-        assert_ok!(Collective::propose(
-            RuntimeOrigin::signed(1),
-            Box::new(proposal.clone()),
-            proposal_len,
-            TryInto::<BlockNumberFor<Test>>::try_into(3u64).expect("convert u64 to block number.")
-        ));
-        assert_ok!(Collective::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(1), hash, 0, true));
-        // With 1's prime vote, this should pass
-        System::set_block_number(4);
-        assert_noop!(
-            Collective::close(
-                RuntimeOrigin::root(),
-                hash,
-                0,
-                proposal_weight - Weight::from_parts(100, 0),
-                proposal_len
-            ),
-            Error::<Test, Instance1>::ProposalWeightLessThanDispatchCallWeight
-        );
-        assert_ok!(Collective::close(
-            RuntimeOrigin::root(),
-            hash,
-            0,
-            proposal_weight,
-            proposal_len
-        ));
-    })
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn proposal_weight_limit_ignored_on_disapprove() {
-    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-        let proposal = RuntimeCall::Collective(crate::Call::set_members {
-            new_members: vec![1, 2, 3],
-            prime: None,
-            old_count: <MaxMembers as TypedGet>::get(),
-        });
-        let proposal_len: u32 = proposal.using_encoded(|p| p.len() as u32);
-        let proposal_weight = proposal.get_dispatch_info().call_weight;
-        let hash = BlakeTwo256::hash_of(&proposal);
-
-        assert_ok!(Collective::propose(
-            RuntimeOrigin::signed(1),
-            Box::new(proposal.clone()),
-            proposal_len,
-            TryInto::<BlockNumberFor<Test>>::try_into(3u64).expect("convert u64 to block number.")
-        ));
-        // No votes, this proposal wont pass
-        System::set_block_number(4);
-        assert_ok!(Collective::close(
-            RuntimeOrigin::root(),
-            hash,
-            0,
-            proposal_weight - Weight::from_parts(100, 0),
-            proposal_len
-        ));
-    })
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn close_with_prime_works() {
-    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-        let proposal = make_proposal(42);
-        let proposal_len: u32 = proposal.using_encoded(|p| p.len() as u32);
-        let proposal_weight = proposal.get_dispatch_info().call_weight;
-        let hash = BlakeTwo256::hash_of(&proposal);
-        assert_ok!(Collective::set_members(
-            RuntimeOrigin::root(),
-            vec![1, 2, 3],
-            Some(3),
-            <MaxMembers as TypedGet>::get()
-        ));
-
-        assert_ok!(Collective::propose(
-            RuntimeOrigin::signed(1),
-            Box::new(proposal.clone()),
-            proposal_len,
-            TryInto::<BlockNumberFor<Test>>::try_into(3u64).expect("convert u64 to block number.")
-        ));
-        assert_ok!(Collective::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(1), hash, 0, true));
-
-        System::set_block_number(4);
-        assert_ok!(Collective::close(
-            RuntimeOrigin::root(),
-            hash,
-            0,
-            proposal_weight,
-            proposal_len
-        ));
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            System::events(),
-            vec![
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Proposed {
-                    account: 1,
-                    proposal_index: 0,
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    threshold: 2
-                })),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Voted {
-                    account: 1,
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    voted: true,
-                    yes: 1,
-                    no: 0
-                })),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Closed {
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    yes: 1,
-                    no: 2
-                })),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Disapproved {
-                    proposal_hash: hash
-                }))
-            ]
-        );
-    });
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn close_with_voting_prime_works() {
-    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-        let proposal = make_proposal(42);
-        let proposal_len: u32 = proposal.using_encoded(|p| p.len() as u32);
-        let proposal_weight = proposal.get_dispatch_info().call_weight;
-        let hash = BlakeTwo256::hash_of(&proposal);
-        assert_ok!(Collective::set_members(
-            RuntimeOrigin::root(),
-            vec![1, 2, 3],
-            Some(1),
-            <MaxMembers as TypedGet>::get()
-        ));
-
-        assert_ok!(Collective::propose(
-            RuntimeOrigin::signed(1),
-            Box::new(proposal.clone()),
-            proposal_len,
-            TryInto::<BlockNumberFor<Test>>::try_into(3u64).expect("convert u64 to block number.")
-        ));
-        assert_ok!(Collective::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(1), hash, 0, true));
-
-        System::set_block_number(4);
-        assert_ok!(Collective::close(
-            RuntimeOrigin::root(),
-            hash,
-            0,
-            proposal_weight,
-            proposal_len
-        ));
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            System::events(),
-            vec![
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Proposed {
-                    account: 1,
-                    proposal_index: 0,
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    threshold: 2
-                })),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Voted {
-                    account: 1,
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    voted: true,
-                    yes: 1,
-                    no: 0
-                })),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Closed {
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    yes: 3,
-                    no: 0
-                })),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Approved {
-                    proposal_hash: hash
-                })),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Executed {
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    result: Err(DispatchError::BadOrigin)
-                }))
-            ]
-        );
-    });
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn close_with_no_prime_but_majority_works() {
-    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-        let proposal = make_proposal(42);
-        let proposal_len: u32 = proposal.using_encoded(|p| p.len() as u32);
-        let proposal_weight = proposal.get_dispatch_info().call_weight;
-        let hash = BlakeTwo256::hash_of(&proposal);
-        assert_ok!(CollectiveMajority::set_members(
-            RuntimeOrigin::root(),
-            vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
-            Some(5),
-            <MaxMembers as TypedGet>::get()
-        ));
-
-        assert_ok!(CollectiveMajority::propose(
-            RuntimeOrigin::signed(1),
-            Box::new(proposal.clone()),
-            proposal_len,
-            TryInto::<BlockNumberFor<Test>>::try_into(3u64).expect("convert u64 to block number.")
-        ));
-        assert_ok!(CollectiveMajority::vote(
-            RuntimeOrigin::signed(1),
-            hash,
-            0,
-            true
-        ));
-        assert_ok!(CollectiveMajority::vote(
-            RuntimeOrigin::signed(2),
-            hash,
-            0,
-            true
-        ));
-        assert_ok!(CollectiveMajority::vote(
-            RuntimeOrigin::signed(3),
-            hash,
-            0,
-            true
-        ));
-
-        System::set_block_number(4);
-        assert_ok!(CollectiveMajority::close(
-            RuntimeOrigin::root(),
-            hash,
-            0,
-            proposal_weight,
-            proposal_len
-        ));
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            System::events(),
-            vec![
-                record(RuntimeEvent::CollectiveMajority(
-                    CollectiveEvent::Proposed {
-                        account: 1,
-                        proposal_index: 0,
-                        proposal_hash: hash,
-                        threshold: 3
-                    }
-                )),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::CollectiveMajority(CollectiveEvent::Voted {
-                    account: 1,
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    voted: true,
-                    yes: 1,
-                    no: 0
-                })),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::CollectiveMajority(CollectiveEvent::Voted {
-                    account: 2,
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    voted: true,
-                    yes: 2,
-                    no: 0
-                })),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::CollectiveMajority(CollectiveEvent::Voted {
-                    account: 3,
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    voted: true,
-                    yes: 3,
-                    no: 0
-                })),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::CollectiveMajority(CollectiveEvent::Closed {
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    yes: 3,
-                    no: 0
-                })),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::CollectiveMajority(
-                    CollectiveEvent::Approved {
-                        proposal_hash: hash
-                    }
-                )),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::CollectiveMajority(
-                    CollectiveEvent::Executed {
-                        proposal_hash: hash,
-                        result: Err(DispatchError::BadOrigin)
-                    }
-                ))
-            ]
-        );
-    });
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn removal_of_old_voters_votes_works() {
-    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-        let proposal = make_proposal(42);
-        let proposal_len: u32 = proposal.using_encoded(|p| p.len() as u32);
-        let hash = BlakeTwo256::hash_of(&proposal);
-        let end = 4;
-        assert_ok!(Collective::propose(
-            RuntimeOrigin::signed(1),
-            Box::new(proposal.clone()),
-            proposal_len,
-            TryInto::<BlockNumberFor<Test>>::try_into(3u64).expect("convert u64 to block number.")
-        ));
-        assert_ok!(Collective::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(1), hash, 0, true));
-        assert_ok!(Collective::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(2), hash, 0, true));
-        assert_eq!(
-            Collective::voting(hash),
-            Some(Votes {
-                index: 0,
-                threshold: 2,
-                ayes: vec![1, 2],
-                nays: vec![],
-                end
-            })
-        );
-        Collective::change_members_sorted(&[4], &[1], &[2, 3, 4]);
-        assert_eq!(
-            Collective::voting(hash),
-            Some(Votes {
-                index: 0,
-                threshold: 2,
-                ayes: vec![2],
-                nays: vec![],
-                end
-            })
-        );
-
-        let proposal = make_proposal(69);
-        let proposal_len: u32 = proposal.using_encoded(|p| p.len() as u32);
-        let hash = BlakeTwo256::hash_of(&proposal);
-        assert_ok!(Collective::propose(
-            RuntimeOrigin::signed(2),
-            Box::new(proposal.clone()),
-            proposal_len,
-            TryInto::<BlockNumberFor<Test>>::try_into(3u64).expect("convert u64 to block number.")
-        ));
-        assert_ok!(Collective::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(2), hash, 1, true));
-        assert_ok!(Collective::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(3), hash, 1, false));
-        assert_eq!(
-            Collective::voting(hash),
-            Some(Votes {
-                index: 1,
-                threshold: 2,
-                ayes: vec![2],
-                nays: vec![3],
-                end
-            })
-        );
-        Collective::change_members_sorted(&[], &[3], &[2, 4]);
-        assert_eq!(
-            Collective::voting(hash),
-            Some(Votes {
-                index: 1,
-                threshold: 2,
-                ayes: vec![2],
-                nays: vec![],
-                end
-            })
-        );
-    });
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn removal_of_old_voters_votes_works_with_set_members() {
-    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-        let proposal = make_proposal(42);
-        let proposal_len: u32 = proposal.using_encoded(|p| p.len() as u32);
-        let hash = BlakeTwo256::hash_of(&proposal);
-        let end = 4;
-        assert_ok!(Collective::propose(
-            RuntimeOrigin::signed(1),
-            Box::new(proposal.clone()),
-            proposal_len,
-            TryInto::<BlockNumberFor<Test>>::try_into(3u64).expect("convert u64 to block number.")
-        ));
-        assert_ok!(Collective::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(1), hash, 0, true));
-        assert_ok!(Collective::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(2), hash, 0, true));
-        assert_eq!(
-            Collective::voting(hash),
-            Some(Votes {
-                index: 0,
-                threshold: 2,
-                ayes: vec![1, 2],
-                nays: vec![],
-                end
-            })
-        );
-        assert_ok!(Collective::set_members(
-            RuntimeOrigin::root(),
-            vec![2, 3, 4],
-            None,
-            <MaxMembers as TypedGet>::get()
-        ));
-        assert_eq!(
-            Collective::voting(hash),
-            Some(Votes {
-                index: 0,
-                threshold: 2,
-                ayes: vec![2],
-                nays: vec![],
-                end
-            })
-        );
-
-        let proposal = make_proposal(69);
-        let proposal_len: u32 = proposal.using_encoded(|p| p.len() as u32);
-        let hash = BlakeTwo256::hash_of(&proposal);
-        assert_ok!(Collective::propose(
-            RuntimeOrigin::signed(2),
-            Box::new(proposal.clone()),
-            proposal_len,
-            TryInto::<BlockNumberFor<Test>>::try_into(3u64).expect("convert u64 to block number.")
-        ));
-        assert_ok!(Collective::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(2), hash, 1, true));
-        assert_ok!(Collective::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(3), hash, 1, false));
-        assert_eq!(
-            Collective::voting(hash),
-            Some(Votes {
-                index: 1,
-                threshold: 2,
-                ayes: vec![2],
-                nays: vec![3],
-                end
-            })
-        );
-        assert_ok!(Collective::set_members(
-            RuntimeOrigin::root(),
-            vec![2, 4],
-            None,
-            <MaxMembers as TypedGet>::get()
-        ));
-        assert_eq!(
-            Collective::voting(hash),
-            Some(Votes {
-                index: 1,
-                threshold: 2,
-                ayes: vec![2],
-                nays: vec![],
-                end
-            })
-        );
-    });
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn propose_works() {
-    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-        let proposal = make_proposal(42);
-        let proposal_len: u32 = proposal.using_encoded(|p| p.len() as u32);
-        let hash = proposal.blake2_256().into();
-        let end = 4;
-        assert_ok!(Collective::propose(
-            RuntimeOrigin::signed(1),
-            Box::new(proposal.clone()),
-            proposal_len,
-            TryInto::<BlockNumberFor<Test>>::try_into(3u64).expect("convert u64 to block number.")
-        ));
-        assert_eq!(*Collective::proposals(), vec![hash]);
-        assert_eq!(Collective::proposal_of(hash), Some(proposal));
-        assert_eq!(
-            Collective::voting(hash),
-            Some(Votes {
-                index: 0,
-                threshold: 2,
-                ayes: vec![],
-                nays: vec![],
-                end
-            })
-        );
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            System::events(),
-            vec![record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(
-                CollectiveEvent::Proposed {
-                    account: 1,
-                    proposal_index: 0,
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    threshold: 2
-                }
-            ))]
-        );
-    });
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn limit_active_proposals() {
-    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-        for i in 0..<MaxProposals as TypedGet>::get() {
-            let proposal = make_proposal(i as u64);
-            let proposal_len: u32 = proposal.using_encoded(|p| p.len() as u32);
-            assert_ok!(Collective::propose(
-                RuntimeOrigin::signed(1),
-                Box::new(proposal.clone()),
-                proposal_len,
-                TryInto::<BlockNumberFor<Test>>::try_into(3u64)
-                    .expect("convert u64 to block number.")
-            ));
-        }
-        let proposal = make_proposal(<MaxProposals as TypedGet>::get() as u64 + 1);
-        let proposal_len: u32 = proposal.using_encoded(|p| p.len() as u32);
-        assert_noop!(
-            Collective::propose(
-                RuntimeOrigin::signed(1),
-                Box::new(proposal.clone()),
-                proposal_len,
-                TryInto::<BlockNumberFor<Test>>::try_into(3u64)
-                    .expect("convert u64 to block number.")
-            ),
-            Error::<Test, Instance1>::TooManyActiveProposals
-        );
-    })
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn correct_validate_and_get_proposal() {
-    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-        let proposal = RuntimeCall::Collective(crate::Call::set_members {
-            new_members: vec![1, 2, 3],
-            prime: None,
-            old_count: <MaxMembers as TypedGet>::get(),
-        });
-        let length = proposal.encode().len() as u32;
-        assert_ok!(Collective::propose(
-            RuntimeOrigin::signed(1),
-            Box::new(proposal.clone()),
-            length,
-            TryInto::<BlockNumberFor<Test>>::try_into(3u64).expect("convert u64 to block number.")
-        ));
-
-        let hash = BlakeTwo256::hash_of(&proposal);
-        let weight = proposal.get_dispatch_info().call_weight;
-        assert_noop!(
-            Collective::validate_and_get_proposal(
-                &BlakeTwo256::hash_of(&vec![3; 4]),
-                length,
-                weight
-            ),
-            Error::<Test, Instance1>::ProposalNotExists
-        );
-        assert_noop!(
-            Collective::validate_and_get_proposal(&hash, length - 2, weight),
-            Error::<Test, Instance1>::ProposalLengthBoundLessThanProposalLength
-        );
-        assert_noop!(
-            Collective::validate_and_get_proposal(
-                &hash,
-                length,
-                weight - Weight::from_parts(10, 0)
-            ),
-            Error::<Test, Instance1>::ProposalWeightLessThanDispatchCallWeight
-        );
-        let res = Collective::validate_and_get_proposal(&hash, length, weight);
-        assert_ok!(res.clone());
-        let (retrieved_proposal, len) = res.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(length as usize, len);
-        assert_eq!(proposal, retrieved_proposal);
-    })
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn motions_ignoring_non_collective_proposals_works() {
-    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-        let proposal = make_proposal(42);
-        let proposal_len: u32 = proposal.using_encoded(|p| p.len() as u32);
-        assert_noop!(
-            Collective::propose(
-                RuntimeOrigin::signed(42),
-                Box::new(proposal.clone()),
-                proposal_len,
-                TryInto::<BlockNumberFor<Test>>::try_into(3u64)
-                    .expect("convert u64 to block number.")
-            ),
-            Error::<Test, Instance1>::NotMember
-        );
-    });
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn motions_ignoring_non_collective_votes_works() {
-    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-        let proposal = make_proposal(42);
-        let proposal_len: u32 = proposal.using_encoded(|p| p.len() as u32);
-        let hash: H256 = proposal.blake2_256().into();
-        assert_ok!(Collective::propose(
-            RuntimeOrigin::signed(1),
-            Box::new(proposal.clone()),
-            proposal_len,
-            TryInto::<BlockNumberFor<Test>>::try_into(3u64).expect("convert u64 to block number.")
-        ));
-        assert_noop!(
-            Collective::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(42), hash, 0, true),
-            Error::<Test, Instance1>::NotMember,
-        );
-    });
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn motions_ignoring_bad_index_collective_vote_works() {
-    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-        System::set_block_number(3);
-        let proposal = make_proposal(42);
-        let proposal_len: u32 = proposal.using_encoded(|p| p.len() as u32);
-        let hash: H256 = proposal.blake2_256().into();
-        assert_ok!(Collective::propose(
-            RuntimeOrigin::signed(1),
-            Box::new(proposal.clone()),
-            proposal_len,
-            TryInto::<BlockNumberFor<Test>>::try_into(3u64).expect("convert u64 to block number.")
-        ));
-        assert_noop!(
-            Collective::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(2), hash, 1, true),
-            Error::<Test, Instance1>::IndexMismatchProposalHash,
-        );
-    });
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn motions_vote_after_works() {
-    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-        let proposal = make_proposal(42);
-        let proposal_len: u32 = proposal.using_encoded(|p| p.len() as u32);
-        let hash: H256 = proposal.blake2_256().into();
-        let end = 4;
-        assert_ok!(Collective::propose(
-            RuntimeOrigin::signed(1),
-            Box::new(proposal.clone()),
-            proposal_len,
-            TryInto::<BlockNumberFor<Test>>::try_into(3u64).expect("convert u64 to block number.")
-        ));
-        // Initially there a no votes when the motion is proposed.
-        assert_eq!(
-            Collective::voting(hash),
-            Some(Votes {
-                index: 0,
-                threshold: 2,
-                ayes: vec![],
-                nays: vec![],
-                end
-            })
-        );
-        // Cast first aye vote.
-        assert_ok!(Collective::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(1), hash, 0, true));
-        assert_eq!(
-            Collective::voting(hash),
-            Some(Votes {
-                index: 0,
-                threshold: 2,
-                ayes: vec![1],
-                nays: vec![],
-                end
-            })
-        );
-        // Try to cast a duplicate aye vote.
-        assert_noop!(
-            Collective::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(1), hash, 0, true),
-            Error::<Test, Instance1>::DuplicateVote,
-        );
-        // Cast a nay vote.
-        assert_ok!(Collective::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(1), hash, 0, false));
-        assert_eq!(
-            Collective::voting(hash),
-            Some(Votes {
-                index: 0,
-                threshold: 2,
-                ayes: vec![],
-                nays: vec![1],
-                end
-            })
-        );
-        // Try to cast a duplicate nay vote.
-        assert_noop!(
-            Collective::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(1), hash, 0, false),
-            Error::<Test, Instance1>::DuplicateVote,
-        );
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            System::events(),
-            vec![
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Proposed {
-                    account: 1,
-                    proposal_index: 0,
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    threshold: 2
-                })),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Voted {
-                    account: 1,
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    voted: true,
-                    yes: 1,
-                    no: 0
-                })),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Voted {
-                    account: 1,
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    voted: false,
-                    yes: 0,
-                    no: 1
-                })),
-            ]
-        );
-    });
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn motions_all_first_vote_free_works() {
-    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-        let proposal = make_proposal(42);
-        let proposal_len: u32 = proposal.using_encoded(|p| p.len() as u32);
-        let hash: H256 = proposal.blake2_256().into();
-        let end = 4;
-        assert_ok!(Collective::propose(
-            RuntimeOrigin::signed(1),
-            Box::new(proposal.clone()),
-            proposal_len,
-            TryInto::<BlockNumberFor<Test>>::try_into(3u64).expect("convert u64 to block number.")
-        ));
-        assert_eq!(
-            Collective::voting(hash),
-            Some(Votes {
-                index: 0,
-                threshold: 2,
-                ayes: vec![],
-                nays: vec![],
-                end
-            })
-        );
-
-        // For the motion, acc 2's first vote, expecting Ok with Pays::No.
-        let vote_rval: DispatchResultWithPostInfo =
-            Collective::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(2), hash, 0, true);
-        assert_eq!(vote_rval.unwrap().pays_fee, Pays::No);
-
-        // Duplicate vote, expecting error with Pays::Yes.
-        let vote_rval: DispatchResultWithPostInfo =
-            Collective::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(2), hash, 0, true);
-        assert_eq!(vote_rval.unwrap_err().post_info.pays_fee, Pays::Yes);
-
-        // Modifying vote, expecting ok with Pays::Yes.
-        let vote_rval: DispatchResultWithPostInfo =
-            Collective::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(2), hash, 0, false);
-        assert_eq!(vote_rval.unwrap().pays_fee, Pays::Yes);
-
-        // For the motion, acc 3's first vote, expecting Ok with Pays::No.
-        let vote_rval: DispatchResultWithPostInfo =
-            Collective::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(3), hash, 0, true);
-        assert_eq!(vote_rval.unwrap().pays_fee, Pays::No);
-
-        // acc 3 modify the vote, expecting Ok with Pays::Yes.
-        let vote_rval: DispatchResultWithPostInfo =
-            Collective::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(3), hash, 0, false);
-        assert_eq!(vote_rval.unwrap().pays_fee, Pays::Yes);
-
-        // Test close() Extrincis | Check DispatchResultWithPostInfo with Pay Info
-
-        let proposal_weight = proposal.get_dispatch_info().call_weight;
-        let close_rval: DispatchResultWithPostInfo = Collective::close(
-            RuntimeOrigin::root(),
-            hash,
-            0,
-            proposal_weight,
-            proposal_len,
-        );
-        assert_eq!(close_rval.unwrap().pays_fee, Pays::No);
-
-        // Trying to close the proposal, which is already closed
-        // Error: "ProposalNotExists" with Pays::Yes.
-        let close_rval: DispatchResultWithPostInfo = Collective::close(
-            RuntimeOrigin::root(),
-            hash,
-            0,
-            proposal_weight,
-            proposal_len,
-        );
-        assert_eq!(close_rval.unwrap_err().post_info.pays_fee, Pays::Yes);
-    });
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn motions_reproposing_disapproved_works() {
-    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-        let proposal = make_proposal(42);
-        let proposal_len: u32 = proposal.using_encoded(|p| p.len() as u32);
-        let proposal_weight = proposal.get_dispatch_info().call_weight;
-        let hash: H256 = proposal.blake2_256().into();
-        assert_ok!(Collective::propose(
-            RuntimeOrigin::signed(1),
-            Box::new(proposal.clone()),
-            proposal_len,
-            TryInto::<BlockNumberFor<Test>>::try_into(3u64).expect("convert u64 to block number.")
-        ));
-
-        assert_ok!(Collective::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(1), hash, 0, false));
-        assert_ok!(Collective::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(2), hash, 0, false));
-
-        assert_ok!(Collective::close(
-            RuntimeOrigin::root(),
-            hash,
-            0,
-            proposal_weight,
-            proposal_len
-        ));
-        assert_eq!(*Collective::proposals(), vec![]);
-        assert_ok!(Collective::propose(
-            RuntimeOrigin::signed(1),
-            Box::new(proposal.clone()),
-            proposal_len,
-            TryInto::<BlockNumberFor<Test>>::try_into(3u64).expect("convert u64 to block number.")
-        ));
-        assert_eq!(*Collective::proposals(), vec![hash]);
-    });
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn motions_approval_with_enough_votes_and_lower_voting_threshold_works() {
-    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-        let proposal = RuntimeCall::Democracy(mock_democracy::Call::external_propose_majority {});
-        let proposal_len: u32 = proposal.using_encoded(|p| p.len() as u32);
-        let proposal_weight = proposal.get_dispatch_info().call_weight;
-        let hash: H256 = proposal.blake2_256().into();
-        // The voting threshold is 2, but the required votes for `ExternalMajorityOrigin` is 3.
-        // The proposal will be executed regardless of the voting threshold
-        // as long as we have enough yes votes.
-        //
-        // Failed to execute with only 2 yes votes.
-        assert_ok!(Collective::propose(
-            RuntimeOrigin::signed(1),
-            Box::new(proposal.clone()),
-            proposal_len,
-            TryInto::<BlockNumberFor<Test>>::try_into(3u64).expect("convert u64 to block number.")
-        ));
-        assert_ok!(Collective::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(1), hash, 0, true));
-        assert_ok!(Collective::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(2), hash, 0, true));
-        assert_ok!(Collective::close(
-            RuntimeOrigin::root(),
-            hash,
-            0,
-            proposal_weight,
-            proposal_len
-        ));
-        assert_eq!(
-            System::events(),
-            vec![
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Proposed {
-                    account: 1,
-                    proposal_index: 0,
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    threshold: 2
-                })),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Voted {
-                    account: 1,
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    voted: true,
-                    yes: 1,
-                    no: 0
-                })),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Voted {
-                    account: 2,
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    voted: true,
-                    yes: 2,
-                    no: 0
-                })),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Closed {
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    yes: 2,
-                    no: 0
-                })),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Approved {
-                    proposal_hash: hash
-                })),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Executed {
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    result: Err(DispatchError::BadOrigin)
-                })),
-            ]
-        );
-
-        System::reset_events();
-
-        // Executed with 3 yes votes.
-        assert_ok!(Collective::propose(
-            RuntimeOrigin::signed(1),
-            Box::new(proposal.clone()),
-            proposal_len,
-            TryInto::<BlockNumberFor<Test>>::try_into(3u64).expect("convert u64 to block number.")
-        ));
-        assert_ok!(Collective::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(1), hash, 1, true));
-        assert_ok!(Collective::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(2), hash, 1, true));
-        assert_ok!(Collective::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(3), hash, 1, true));
-        assert_ok!(Collective::close(
-            RuntimeOrigin::root(),
-            hash,
-            1,
-            proposal_weight,
-            proposal_len
-        ));
-        assert_eq!(
-            System::events(),
-            vec![
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Proposed {
-                    account: 1,
-                    proposal_index: 1,
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    threshold: 2
-                })),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Voted {
-                    account: 1,
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    voted: true,
-                    yes: 1,
-                    no: 0
-                })),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Voted {
-                    account: 2,
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    voted: true,
-                    yes: 2,
-                    no: 0
-                })),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Voted {
-                    account: 3,
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    voted: true,
-                    yes: 3,
-                    no: 0
-                })),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Closed {
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    yes: 3,
-                    no: 0
-                })),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Approved {
-                    proposal_hash: hash
-                })),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Democracy(
-                    mock_democracy::pallet::Event::<Test>::ExternalProposed
-                )),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Executed {
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    result: Ok(())
-                })),
-            ]
-        );
-    });
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn motions_disapproval_works() {
-    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-        let proposal = make_proposal(42);
-        let proposal_len: u32 = proposal.using_encoded(|p| p.len() as u32);
-        let proposal_weight = proposal.get_dispatch_info().call_weight;
-        let hash: H256 = proposal.blake2_256().into();
-        assert_ok!(Collective::propose(
-            RuntimeOrigin::signed(1),
-            Box::new(proposal.clone()),
-            proposal_len,
-            TryInto::<BlockNumberFor<Test>>::try_into(3u64).expect("convert u64 to block number.")
-        ));
-        assert_ok!(Collective::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(1), hash, 0, false));
-        assert_ok!(Collective::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(2), hash, 0, false));
-        assert_ok!(Collective::close(
-            RuntimeOrigin::root(),
-            hash,
-            0,
-            proposal_weight,
-            proposal_len
-        ));
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            System::events(),
-            vec![
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Proposed {
-                    account: 1,
-                    proposal_index: 0,
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    threshold: 2
-                })),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Voted {
-                    account: 1,
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    voted: false,
-                    yes: 0,
-                    no: 1
-                })),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Voted {
-                    account: 2,
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    voted: false,
-                    yes: 0,
-                    no: 2
-                })),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Closed {
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    yes: 0,
-                    no: 2
-                })),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Disapproved {
-                    proposal_hash: hash
-                })),
-            ]
-        );
-    });
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn motions_approval_works() {
-    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-        let proposal = make_proposal(42);
-        let proposal_len: u32 = proposal.using_encoded(|p| p.len() as u32);
-        let proposal_weight = proposal.get_dispatch_info().call_weight;
-        let hash: H256 = proposal.blake2_256().into();
-        assert_ok!(Collective::propose(
-            RuntimeOrigin::signed(1),
-            Box::new(proposal.clone()),
-            proposal_len,
-            TryInto::<BlockNumberFor<Test>>::try_into(3u64).expect("convert u64 to block number.")
-        ));
-        assert_ok!(Collective::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(1), hash, 0, true));
-        assert_ok!(Collective::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(2), hash, 0, true));
-        assert_ok!(Collective::close(
-            RuntimeOrigin::root(),
-            hash,
-            0,
-            proposal_weight,
-            proposal_len
-        ));
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            System::events(),
-            vec![
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Proposed {
-                    account: 1,
-                    proposal_index: 0,
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    threshold: 2
-                })),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Voted {
-                    account: 1,
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    voted: true,
-                    yes: 1,
-                    no: 0
-                })),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Voted {
-                    account: 2,
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    voted: true,
-                    yes: 2,
-                    no: 0
-                })),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Closed {
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    yes: 2,
-                    no: 0
-                })),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Approved {
-                    proposal_hash: hash
-                })),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Executed {
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    result: Err(DispatchError::BadOrigin)
-                })),
-            ]
-        );
-    });
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn motion_with_no_votes_closes_with_disapproval() {
-    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-        let proposal = make_proposal(42);
-        let proposal_len: u32 = proposal.using_encoded(|p| p.len() as u32);
-        let proposal_weight = proposal.get_dispatch_info().call_weight;
-        let hash: H256 = proposal.blake2_256().into();
-        assert_ok!(Collective::propose(
-            RuntimeOrigin::signed(1),
-            Box::new(proposal.clone()),
-            proposal_len,
-            TryInto::<BlockNumberFor<Test>>::try_into(3u64).expect("convert u64 to block number.")
-        ));
-        assert_eq!(
-            System::events()[0],
-            record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Proposed {
-                account: 1,
-                proposal_index: 0,
-                proposal_hash: hash,
-                threshold: 2
-            }))
-        );
-
-        // Closing the motion too early is not possible because it has neither
-        // an approving or disapproving simple majority due to the lack of votes.
-        assert_noop!(
-            Collective::close(
-                RuntimeOrigin::root(),
-                hash,
-                0,
-                proposal_weight,
-                proposal_len
-            ),
-            Error::<Test, Instance1>::TooEarlyToCloseProposal
-        );
-
-        // Once the motion duration passes,
-        let closing_block = System::block_number() + <MotionDuration as TypedGet>::get();
-        System::set_block_number(closing_block);
-        // we can successfully close the motion.
-        assert_ok!(Collective::close(
-            RuntimeOrigin::root(),
-            hash,
-            0,
-            proposal_weight,
-            proposal_len
-        ));
-
-        // Events show that the close ended in a disapproval.
-        assert_eq!(
-            System::events()[1],
-            record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Closed {
-                proposal_hash: hash,
-                yes: 0,
-                no: 3
-            }))
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            System::events()[2],
-            record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Disapproved {
-                proposal_hash: hash
-            }))
-        );
-    })
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn close_disapprove_does_not_care_about_weight_or_len() {
-    // This test confirms that if you close a proposal that would be disapproved,
-    // we do not care about the proposal length or proposal weight since it will
-    // not be read from storage or executed.
-    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-        let proposal = make_proposal(42);
-        let proposal_len: u32 = proposal.using_encoded(|p| p.len() as u32);
-        let hash: H256 = proposal.blake2_256().into();
-        assert_ok!(Collective::propose(
-            RuntimeOrigin::signed(1),
-            Box::new(proposal.clone()),
-            proposal_len,
-            TryInto::<BlockNumberFor<Test>>::try_into(3u64).expect("convert u64 to block number.")
-        ));
-        // First we make the proposal succeed
-        assert_ok!(Collective::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(1), hash, 0, true));
-        assert_ok!(Collective::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(2), hash, 0, true));
-        // It will not close with bad weight/len information
-        assert_noop!(
-            Collective::close(RuntimeOrigin::root(), hash, 0, Weight::zero(), 0),
-            Error::<Test, Instance1>::ProposalLengthBoundLessThanProposalLength,
-        );
-        assert_noop!(
-            Collective::close(RuntimeOrigin::root(), hash, 0, Weight::zero(), proposal_len),
-            Error::<Test, Instance1>::ProposalWeightLessThanDispatchCallWeight,
-        );
-        // Now we make the proposal fail
-        assert_ok!(Collective::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(1), hash, 0, false));
-        assert_ok!(Collective::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(2), hash, 0, false));
-        // It can close even if the weight/len information is bad
-        assert_ok!(Collective::close(
-            RuntimeOrigin::root(),
-            hash,
-            0,
-            Weight::zero(),
-            0
-        ));
-    })
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn disapprove_proposal_works() {
-    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-        let proposal = make_proposal(42);
-        let proposal_len: u32 = proposal.using_encoded(|p| p.len() as u32);
-        let hash: H256 = proposal.blake2_256().into();
-        assert_ok!(Collective::propose(
-            RuntimeOrigin::signed(1),
-            Box::new(proposal.clone()),
-            proposal_len,
-            TryInto::<BlockNumberFor<Test>>::try_into(3u64).expect("convert u64 to block number.")
-        ));
-        // Proposal would normally succeed
-        assert_ok!(Collective::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(1), hash, 0, true));
-        assert_ok!(Collective::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(2), hash, 0, true));
-        // But Root can disapprove and remove it anyway
-        assert_ok!(Collective::disapprove_proposal(RuntimeOrigin::root(), hash));
-        assert_eq!(
-            System::events(),
-            vec![
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Proposed {
-                    account: 1,
-                    proposal_index: 0,
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    threshold: 2
-                })),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Voted {
-                    account: 1,
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    voted: true,
-                    yes: 1,
-                    no: 0
-                })),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Voted {
-                    account: 2,
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    voted: true,
-                    yes: 2,
-                    no: 0
-                })),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Collective(CollectiveEvent::Disapproved {
-                    proposal_hash: hash
-                })),
-            ]
-        );
-    })
-}
-
-#[test]
-#[should_panic(expected = "Members cannot contain duplicate accounts.")]
-fn genesis_build_panics_with_duplicate_members() {
-    pallet_collective::GenesisConfig::<Test> {
-        members: vec![1, 2, 3, 1],
-        phantom: Default::default(),
-    }
-    .build_storage()
-    .unwrap();
-}
diff --git a/pallets/collective/src/weights.rs b/pallets/collective/src/weights.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index df233fc248..0000000000
--- a/pallets/collective/src/weights.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,554 +0,0 @@
-// This file is part of Substrate.
-
-// Copyright (C) Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-// 	http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-//! Autogenerated weights for pallet_collective
-//!
-//! THIS FILE WAS AUTO-GENERATED USING THE SUBSTRATE BENCHMARK CLI VERSION 4.0.0-dev
-//! DATE: 2023-01-24, STEPS: `50`, REPEAT: `20`, LOW RANGE: `[]`, HIGH RANGE: `[]`
-//! WORST CASE MAP SIZE: `1000000`
-//! HOSTNAME: `bm2`, CPU: `Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-7700K CPU @ 4.20GHz`
-//! EXECUTION: Some(Wasm), WASM-EXECUTION: Compiled, CHAIN: Some("dev"), DB CACHE: 1024
-
-// Executed Command:
-// ./target/production/substrate
-// benchmark
-// pallet
-// --chain=dev
-// --steps=50
-// --repeat=20
-// --pallet=pallet_collective
-// --extrinsic=*
-// --execution=wasm
-// --wasm-execution=compiled
-// --heap-pages=4096
-// --output=./frame/collective/src/weights.rs
-// --header=./HEADER-APACHE2
-// --template=./.maintain/frame-weight-template.hbs
-
-#![cfg_attr(rustfmt, rustfmt_skip)]
-#![allow(unused_parens)]
-#![allow(unused_imports)]
-
-use frame_support::{traits::Get, weights::{Weight, constants::RocksDbWeight}};
-use sp_std::marker::PhantomData;
-
-/// Weight functions needed for pallet_collective.
-pub trait WeightInfo {
-	fn set_members(m: u32, n: u32, p: u32, ) -> Weight;
-	fn execute(b: u32, m: u32, ) -> Weight;
-	fn propose_execute(b: u32, m: u32, ) -> Weight;
-	fn propose_proposed(b: u32, m: u32, p: u32, ) -> Weight;
-	fn vote(m: u32, ) -> Weight;
-	fn close_early_disapproved(m: u32, p: u32, ) -> Weight;
-	fn close_early_approved(b: u32, m: u32, p: u32, ) -> Weight;
-	fn close_disapproved(m: u32, p: u32, ) -> Weight;
-	fn close_approved(b: u32, m: u32, p: u32, ) -> Weight;
-	fn disapprove_proposal(p: u32, ) -> Weight;
-}
-
-/// Weights for pallet_collective using the Substrate node and recommended hardware.
-pub struct SubstrateWeight<T>(PhantomData<T>);
-impl<T: frame_system::Config> WeightInfo for SubstrateWeight<T> {
-	/// Storage: Council Members (r:1 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Members (max_values: Some(1), max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council Proposals (r:1 w:0)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Proposals (max_values: Some(1), max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council Voting (r:100 w:100)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Voting (max_values: None, max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council Prime (r:0 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Prime (max_values: Some(1), max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// The range of component `m` is `[0, 100]`.
-	/// The range of component `n` is `[0, 100]`.
-	/// The range of component `p` is `[0, 100]`.
-	fn set_members(m: u32, _n: u32, p: u32, ) -> Weight {
-		// Proof Size summary in bytes:
-		//  Measured:  `0 + m * (3233 ±0) + p * (3223 ±0)`
-		//  Estimated: `16586 + m * (7809 ±24) + p * (10238 ±24)`
-		// Minimum execution time: 17_093 nanoseconds.
-		Weight::from_parts(17_284_000, 16586)
-			// Standard Error: 64_700
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(5_143_145, 0).saturating_mul(m.into()))
-			// Standard Error: 64_700
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(7_480_941, 0).saturating_mul(p.into()))
-			.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(2_u64))
-			.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads((1_u64).saturating_mul(p.into())))
-			.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(2_u64))
-			.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes((1_u64).saturating_mul(p.into())))
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(0, 7809).saturating_mul(m.into()))
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(0, 10238).saturating_mul(p.into()))
-	}
-	/// Storage: Council Members (r:1 w:0)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Members (max_values: Some(1), max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// The range of component `b` is `[2, 1024]`.
-	/// The range of component `m` is `[1, 100]`.
-	fn execute(b: u32, m: u32, ) -> Weight {
-		// Proof Size summary in bytes:
-		//  Measured:  `234 + m * (32 ±0)`
-		//  Estimated: `730 + m * (32 ±0)`
-		// Minimum execution time: 15_972 nanoseconds.
-		Weight::from_parts(14_971_445, 730)
-			// Standard Error: 32
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(1_775, 0).saturating_mul(b.into()))
-			// Standard Error: 334
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(17_052, 0).saturating_mul(m.into()))
-			.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(1_u64))
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(0, 32).saturating_mul(m.into()))
-	}
-	/// Storage: Council Members (r:1 w:0)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Members (max_values: Some(1), max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council ProposalOf (r:1 w:0)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council ProposalOf (max_values: None, max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// The range of component `b` is `[2, 1024]`.
-	/// The range of component `m` is `[1, 100]`.
-	fn propose_execute(b: u32, m: u32, ) -> Weight {
-		// Proof Size summary in bytes:
-		//  Measured:  `234 + m * (32 ±0)`
-		//  Estimated: `3440 + m * (64 ±0)`
-		// Minimum execution time: 17_950 nanoseconds.
-		Weight::from_parts(17_019_558, 3440)
-			// Standard Error: 41
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(1_807, 0).saturating_mul(b.into()))
-			// Standard Error: 432
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(27_986, 0).saturating_mul(m.into()))
-			.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(2_u64))
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(0, 64).saturating_mul(m.into()))
-	}
-	/// Storage: Council Members (r:1 w:0)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Members (max_values: Some(1), max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council ProposalOf (r:1 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council ProposalOf (max_values: None, max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council Proposals (r:1 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Proposals (max_values: Some(1), max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council ProposalCount (r:1 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council ProposalCount (max_values: Some(1), max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council Voting (r:0 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Voting (max_values: None, max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// The range of component `b` is `[2, 1024]`.
-	/// The range of component `m` is `[2, 100]`.
-	/// The range of component `p` is `[1, 100]`.
-	fn propose_proposed(b: u32, m: u32, p: u32, ) -> Weight {
-		// Proof Size summary in bytes:
-		//  Measured:  `556 + m * (32 ±0) + p * (36 ±0)`
-		//  Estimated: `6355 + m * (165 ±0) + p * (180 ±0)`
-		// Minimum execution time: 24_817 nanoseconds.
-		Weight::from_parts(24_778_955, 6355)
-			// Standard Error: 73
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(2_355, 0).saturating_mul(b.into()))
-			// Standard Error: 765
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(20_518, 0).saturating_mul(m.into()))
-			// Standard Error: 755
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(85_670, 0).saturating_mul(p.into()))
-			.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(4_u64))
-			.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(4_u64))
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(0, 165).saturating_mul(m.into()))
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(0, 180).saturating_mul(p.into()))
-	}
-	/// Storage: Council Members (r:1 w:0)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Members (max_values: Some(1), max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council Voting (r:1 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Voting (max_values: None, max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// The range of component `m` is `[5, 100]`.
-	fn vote(m: u32, ) -> Weight {
-		// Proof Size summary in bytes:
-		//  Measured:  `1006 + m * (64 ±0)`
-		//  Estimated: `4980 + m * (128 ±0)`
-		// Minimum execution time: 19_790 nanoseconds.
-		Weight::from_parts(20_528_275, 4980)
-			// Standard Error: 651
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(48_856, 0).saturating_mul(m.into()))
-			.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(2_u64))
-			.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64))
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(0, 128).saturating_mul(m.into()))
-	}
-	/// Storage: Council Voting (r:1 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Voting (max_values: None, max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council Members (r:1 w:0)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Members (max_values: Some(1), max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council Proposals (r:1 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Proposals (max_values: Some(1), max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council ProposalOf (r:0 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council ProposalOf (max_values: None, max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// The range of component `m` is `[4, 100]`.
-	/// The range of component `p` is `[1, 100]`.
-	fn close_early_disapproved(m: u32, p: u32, ) -> Weight {
-		// Proof Size summary in bytes:
-		//  Measured:  `626 + m * (64 ±0) + p * (36 ±0)`
-		//  Estimated: `5893 + m * (260 ±0) + p * (144 ±0)`
-		// Minimum execution time: 25_564 nanoseconds.
-		Weight::from_parts(25_535_497, 5893)
-			// Standard Error: 610
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(27_956, 0).saturating_mul(m.into()))
-			// Standard Error: 595
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(84_835, 0).saturating_mul(p.into()))
-			.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(3_u64))
-			.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(3_u64))
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(0, 260).saturating_mul(m.into()))
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(0, 144).saturating_mul(p.into()))
-	}
-	/// Storage: Council Voting (r:1 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Voting (max_values: None, max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council Members (r:1 w:0)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Members (max_values: Some(1), max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council ProposalOf (r:1 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council ProposalOf (max_values: None, max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council Proposals (r:1 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Proposals (max_values: Some(1), max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// The range of component `b` is `[2, 1024]`.
-	/// The range of component `m` is `[4, 100]`.
-	/// The range of component `p` is `[1, 100]`.
-	fn close_early_approved(b: u32, m: u32, p: u32, ) -> Weight {
-		// Proof Size summary in bytes:
-		//  Measured:  `962 + b * (1 ±0) + m * (64 ±0) + p * (40 ±0)`
-		//  Estimated: `9164 + b * (4 ±0) + m * (264 ±0) + p * (160 ±0)`
-		// Minimum execution time: 36_515 nanoseconds.
-		Weight::from_parts(36_626_648, 9164)
-			// Standard Error: 98
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(2_295, 0).saturating_mul(b.into()))
-			// Standard Error: 1_036
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(22_182, 0).saturating_mul(m.into()))
-			// Standard Error: 1_010
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(100_034, 0).saturating_mul(p.into()))
-			.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(4_u64))
-			.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(3_u64))
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(0, 4).saturating_mul(b.into()))
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(0, 264).saturating_mul(m.into()))
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(0, 160).saturating_mul(p.into()))
-	}
-	/// Storage: Council Voting (r:1 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Voting (max_values: None, max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council Members (r:1 w:0)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Members (max_values: Some(1), max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council Prime (r:1 w:0)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Prime (max_values: Some(1), max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council Proposals (r:1 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Proposals (max_values: Some(1), max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council ProposalOf (r:0 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council ProposalOf (max_values: None, max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// The range of component `m` is `[4, 100]`.
-	/// The range of component `p` is `[1, 100]`.
-	fn close_disapproved(m: u32, p: u32, ) -> Weight {
-		// Proof Size summary in bytes:
-		//  Measured:  `646 + m * (64 ±0) + p * (36 ±0)`
-		//  Estimated: `7095 + m * (325 ±0) + p * (180 ±0)`
-		// Minimum execution time: 28_858 nanoseconds.
-		Weight::from_parts(28_050_047, 7095)
-			// Standard Error: 614
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(34_031, 0).saturating_mul(m.into()))
-			// Standard Error: 599
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(85_744, 0).saturating_mul(p.into()))
-			.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(4_u64))
-			.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(3_u64))
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(0, 325).saturating_mul(m.into()))
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(0, 180).saturating_mul(p.into()))
-	}
-	/// Storage: Council Voting (r:1 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Voting (max_values: None, max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council Members (r:1 w:0)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Members (max_values: Some(1), max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council Prime (r:1 w:0)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Prime (max_values: Some(1), max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council ProposalOf (r:1 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council ProposalOf (max_values: None, max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council Proposals (r:1 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Proposals (max_values: Some(1), max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// The range of component `b` is `[2, 1024]`.
-	/// The range of component `m` is `[4, 100]`.
-	/// The range of component `p` is `[1, 100]`.
-	fn close_approved(b: u32, m: u32, p: u32, ) -> Weight {
-		// Proof Size summary in bytes:
-		//  Measured:  `982 + b * (1 ±0) + m * (64 ±0) + p * (40 ±0)`
-		//  Estimated: `10565 + b * (5 ±0) + m * (330 ±0) + p * (200 ±0)`
-		// Minimum execution time: 38_608 nanoseconds.
-		Weight::from_parts(39_948_329, 10565)
-			// Standard Error: 84
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(2_045, 0).saturating_mul(b.into()))
-			// Standard Error: 895
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(22_669, 0).saturating_mul(m.into()))
-			// Standard Error: 872
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(95_525, 0).saturating_mul(p.into()))
-			.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(5_u64))
-			.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(3_u64))
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(0, 5).saturating_mul(b.into()))
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(0, 330).saturating_mul(m.into()))
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(0, 200).saturating_mul(p.into()))
-	}
-	/// Storage: Council Proposals (r:1 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Proposals (max_values: Some(1), max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council Voting (r:0 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Voting (max_values: None, max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council ProposalOf (r:0 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council ProposalOf (max_values: None, max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// The range of component `p` is `[1, 100]`.
-	fn disapprove_proposal(p: u32, ) -> Weight {
-		// Proof Size summary in bytes:
-		//  Measured:  `391 + p * (32 ±0)`
-		//  Estimated: `1668 + p * (96 ±0)`
-		// Minimum execution time: 14_785 nanoseconds.
-		Weight::from_parts(16_393_818, 1668)
-			// Standard Error: 612
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(76_786, 0).saturating_mul(p.into()))
-			.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(1_u64))
-			.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(3_u64))
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(0, 96).saturating_mul(p.into()))
-	}
-}
-
-// For backwards compatibility and tests
-impl WeightInfo for () {
-	/// Storage: Council Members (r:1 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Members (max_values: Some(1), max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council Proposals (r:1 w:0)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Proposals (max_values: Some(1), max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council Voting (r:100 w:100)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Voting (max_values: None, max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council Prime (r:0 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Prime (max_values: Some(1), max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// The range of component `m` is `[0, 100]`.
-	/// The range of component `n` is `[0, 100]`.
-	/// The range of component `p` is `[0, 100]`.
-	fn set_members(m: u32, _n: u32, p: u32, ) -> Weight {
-		// Proof Size summary in bytes:
-		//  Measured:  `0 + m * (3233 ±0) + p * (3223 ±0)`
-		//  Estimated: `16586 + m * (7809 ±24) + p * (10238 ±24)`
-		// Minimum execution time: 17_093 nanoseconds.
-		Weight::from_parts(17_284_000, 16586)
-			// Standard Error: 64_700
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(5_143_145, 0).saturating_mul(m.into()))
-			// Standard Error: 64_700
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(7_480_941, 0).saturating_mul(p.into()))
-			.saturating_add(RocksDbWeight::get().reads(2_u64))
-			.saturating_add(RocksDbWeight::get().reads((1_u64).saturating_mul(p.into())))
-			.saturating_add(RocksDbWeight::get().writes(2_u64))
-			.saturating_add(RocksDbWeight::get().writes((1_u64).saturating_mul(p.into())))
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(0, 7809).saturating_mul(m.into()))
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(0, 10238).saturating_mul(p.into()))
-	}
-	/// Storage: Council Members (r:1 w:0)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Members (max_values: Some(1), max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// The range of component `b` is `[2, 1024]`.
-	/// The range of component `m` is `[1, 100]`.
-	fn execute(b: u32, m: u32, ) -> Weight {
-		// Proof Size summary in bytes:
-		//  Measured:  `234 + m * (32 ±0)`
-		//  Estimated: `730 + m * (32 ±0)`
-		// Minimum execution time: 15_972 nanoseconds.
-		Weight::from_parts(14_971_445, 730)
-			// Standard Error: 32
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(1_775, 0).saturating_mul(b.into()))
-			// Standard Error: 334
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(17_052, 0).saturating_mul(m.into()))
-			.saturating_add(RocksDbWeight::get().reads(1_u64))
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(0, 32).saturating_mul(m.into()))
-	}
-	/// Storage: Council Members (r:1 w:0)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Members (max_values: Some(1), max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council ProposalOf (r:1 w:0)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council ProposalOf (max_values: None, max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// The range of component `b` is `[2, 1024]`.
-	/// The range of component `m` is `[1, 100]`.
-	fn propose_execute(b: u32, m: u32, ) -> Weight {
-		// Proof Size summary in bytes:
-		//  Measured:  `234 + m * (32 ±0)`
-		//  Estimated: `3440 + m * (64 ±0)`
-		// Minimum execution time: 17_950 nanoseconds.
-		Weight::from_parts(17_019_558, 3440)
-			// Standard Error: 41
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(1_807, 0).saturating_mul(b.into()))
-			// Standard Error: 432
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(27_986, 0).saturating_mul(m.into()))
-			.saturating_add(RocksDbWeight::get().reads(2_u64))
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(0, 64).saturating_mul(m.into()))
-	}
-	/// Storage: Council Members (r:1 w:0)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Members (max_values: Some(1), max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council ProposalOf (r:1 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council ProposalOf (max_values: None, max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council Proposals (r:1 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Proposals (max_values: Some(1), max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council ProposalCount (r:1 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council ProposalCount (max_values: Some(1), max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council Voting (r:0 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Voting (max_values: None, max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// The range of component `b` is `[2, 1024]`.
-	/// The range of component `m` is `[2, 100]`.
-	/// The range of component `p` is `[1, 100]`.
-	fn propose_proposed(b: u32, m: u32, p: u32, ) -> Weight {
-		// Proof Size summary in bytes:
-		//  Measured:  `556 + m * (32 ±0) + p * (36 ±0)`
-		//  Estimated: `6355 + m * (165 ±0) + p * (180 ±0)`
-		// Minimum execution time: 24_817 nanoseconds.
-		Weight::from_parts(24_778_955, 6355)
-			// Standard Error: 73
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(2_355, 0).saturating_mul(b.into()))
-			// Standard Error: 765
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(20_518, 0).saturating_mul(m.into()))
-			// Standard Error: 755
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(85_670, 0).saturating_mul(p.into()))
-			.saturating_add(RocksDbWeight::get().reads(4_u64))
-			.saturating_add(RocksDbWeight::get().writes(4_u64))
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(0, 165).saturating_mul(m.into()))
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(0, 180).saturating_mul(p.into()))
-	}
-	/// Storage: Council Members (r:1 w:0)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Members (max_values: Some(1), max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council Voting (r:1 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Voting (max_values: None, max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// The range of component `m` is `[5, 100]`.
-	fn vote(m: u32, ) -> Weight {
-		// Proof Size summary in bytes:
-		//  Measured:  `1006 + m * (64 ±0)`
-		//  Estimated: `4980 + m * (128 ±0)`
-		// Minimum execution time: 19_790 nanoseconds.
-		Weight::from_parts(20_528_275, 4980)
-			// Standard Error: 651
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(48_856, 0).saturating_mul(m.into()))
-			.saturating_add(RocksDbWeight::get().reads(2_u64))
-			.saturating_add(RocksDbWeight::get().writes(1_u64))
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(0, 128).saturating_mul(m.into()))
-	}
-	/// Storage: Council Voting (r:1 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Voting (max_values: None, max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council Members (r:1 w:0)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Members (max_values: Some(1), max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council Proposals (r:1 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Proposals (max_values: Some(1), max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council ProposalOf (r:0 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council ProposalOf (max_values: None, max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// The range of component `m` is `[4, 100]`.
-	/// The range of component `p` is `[1, 100]`.
-	fn close_early_disapproved(m: u32, p: u32, ) -> Weight {
-		// Proof Size summary in bytes:
-		//  Measured:  `626 + m * (64 ±0) + p * (36 ±0)`
-		//  Estimated: `5893 + m * (260 ±0) + p * (144 ±0)`
-		// Minimum execution time: 25_564 nanoseconds.
-		Weight::from_parts(25_535_497, 5893)
-			// Standard Error: 610
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(27_956, 0).saturating_mul(m.into()))
-			// Standard Error: 595
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(84_835, 0).saturating_mul(p.into()))
-			.saturating_add(RocksDbWeight::get().reads(3_u64))
-			.saturating_add(RocksDbWeight::get().writes(3_u64))
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(0, 260).saturating_mul(m.into()))
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(0, 144).saturating_mul(p.into()))
-	}
-	/// Storage: Council Voting (r:1 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Voting (max_values: None, max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council Members (r:1 w:0)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Members (max_values: Some(1), max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council ProposalOf (r:1 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council ProposalOf (max_values: None, max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council Proposals (r:1 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Proposals (max_values: Some(1), max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// The range of component `b` is `[2, 1024]`.
-	/// The range of component `m` is `[4, 100]`.
-	/// The range of component `p` is `[1, 100]`.
-	fn close_early_approved(b: u32, m: u32, p: u32, ) -> Weight {
-		// Proof Size summary in bytes:
-		//  Measured:  `962 + b * (1 ±0) + m * (64 ±0) + p * (40 ±0)`
-		//  Estimated: `9164 + b * (4 ±0) + m * (264 ±0) + p * (160 ±0)`
-		// Minimum execution time: 36_515 nanoseconds.
-		Weight::from_parts(36_626_648, 9164)
-			// Standard Error: 98
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(2_295, 0).saturating_mul(b.into()))
-			// Standard Error: 1_036
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(22_182, 0).saturating_mul(m.into()))
-			// Standard Error: 1_010
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(100_034, 0).saturating_mul(p.into()))
-			.saturating_add(RocksDbWeight::get().reads(4_u64))
-			.saturating_add(RocksDbWeight::get().writes(3_u64))
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(0, 4).saturating_mul(b.into()))
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(0, 264).saturating_mul(m.into()))
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(0, 160).saturating_mul(p.into()))
-	}
-	/// Storage: Council Voting (r:1 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Voting (max_values: None, max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council Members (r:1 w:0)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Members (max_values: Some(1), max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council Prime (r:1 w:0)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Prime (max_values: Some(1), max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council Proposals (r:1 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Proposals (max_values: Some(1), max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council ProposalOf (r:0 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council ProposalOf (max_values: None, max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// The range of component `m` is `[4, 100]`.
-	/// The range of component `p` is `[1, 100]`.
-	fn close_disapproved(m: u32, p: u32, ) -> Weight {
-		// Proof Size summary in bytes:
-		//  Measured:  `646 + m * (64 ±0) + p * (36 ±0)`
-		//  Estimated: `7095 + m * (325 ±0) + p * (180 ±0)`
-		// Minimum execution time: 28_858 nanoseconds.
-		Weight::from_parts(28_050_047, 7095)
-			// Standard Error: 614
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(34_031, 0).saturating_mul(m.into()))
-			// Standard Error: 599
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(85_744, 0).saturating_mul(p.into()))
-			.saturating_add(RocksDbWeight::get().reads(4_u64))
-			.saturating_add(RocksDbWeight::get().writes(3_u64))
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(0, 325).saturating_mul(m.into()))
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(0, 180).saturating_mul(p.into()))
-	}
-	/// Storage: Council Voting (r:1 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Voting (max_values: None, max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council Members (r:1 w:0)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Members (max_values: Some(1), max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council Prime (r:1 w:0)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Prime (max_values: Some(1), max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council ProposalOf (r:1 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council ProposalOf (max_values: None, max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council Proposals (r:1 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Proposals (max_values: Some(1), max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// The range of component `b` is `[2, 1024]`.
-	/// The range of component `m` is `[4, 100]`.
-	/// The range of component `p` is `[1, 100]`.
-	fn close_approved(b: u32, m: u32, p: u32, ) -> Weight {
-		// Proof Size summary in bytes:
-		//  Measured:  `982 + b * (1 ±0) + m * (64 ±0) + p * (40 ±0)`
-		//  Estimated: `10565 + b * (5 ±0) + m * (330 ±0) + p * (200 ±0)`
-		// Minimum execution time: 38_608 nanoseconds.
-		Weight::from_parts(39_948_329, 10565)
-			// Standard Error: 84
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(2_045, 0).saturating_mul(b.into()))
-			// Standard Error: 895
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(22_669, 0).saturating_mul(m.into()))
-			// Standard Error: 872
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(95_525, 0).saturating_mul(p.into()))
-			.saturating_add(RocksDbWeight::get().reads(5_u64))
-			.saturating_add(RocksDbWeight::get().writes(3_u64))
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(0, 5).saturating_mul(b.into()))
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(0, 330).saturating_mul(m.into()))
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(0, 200).saturating_mul(p.into()))
-	}
-	/// Storage: Council Proposals (r:1 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Proposals (max_values: Some(1), max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council Voting (r:0 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council Voting (max_values: None, max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// Storage: Council ProposalOf (r:0 w:1)
-	/// Proof Skipped: Council ProposalOf (max_values: None, max_size: None, mode: Measured)
-	/// The range of component `p` is `[1, 100]`.
-	fn disapprove_proposal(p: u32, ) -> Weight {
-		// Proof Size summary in bytes:
-		//  Measured:  `391 + p * (32 ±0)`
-		//  Estimated: `1668 + p * (96 ±0)`
-		// Minimum execution time: 14_785 nanoseconds.
-		Weight::from_parts(16_393_818, 1668)
-			// Standard Error: 612
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(76_786, 0).saturating_mul(p.into()))
-			.saturating_add(RocksDbWeight::get().reads(1_u64))
-			.saturating_add(RocksDbWeight::get().writes(3_u64))
-			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(0, 96).saturating_mul(p.into()))
-	}
-}
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/Cargo.toml b/pallets/subtensor/Cargo.toml
index 35601fe875..281f226683 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/Cargo.toml
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/Cargo.toml
@@ -44,9 +44,7 @@ runtime-common.workspace = true
 subtensor-runtime-common = { workspace = true, features = ["approx"] }
 
 pallet-drand.workspace = true
-pallet-subtensor-collective.workspace = true
 pallet-commitments.workspace = true
-pallet-membership.workspace = true
 hex-literal.workspace = true
 num-traits = { workspace = true, features = ["libm"] }
 tle.workspace = true
@@ -77,13 +75,11 @@ try-runtime = [
 	"frame-support/try-runtime",
 	"frame-system/try-runtime",
 	"pallet-balances/try-runtime",
-	"pallet-membership/try-runtime",
 	"pallet-preimage/try-runtime",
 	"pallet-scheduler/try-runtime",
 	"pallet-transaction-payment/try-runtime",
 	"runtime-common/try-runtime",
 	"sp-runtime/try-runtime",
-	"pallet-subtensor-collective/try-runtime",
 	"pallet-commitments/try-runtime",
 	"pallet-crowdloan/try-runtime",
 	"pallet-drand/try-runtime",
@@ -99,7 +95,6 @@ std = [
 	"frame-support/std",
 	"frame-system/std",
 	"pallet-balances/std",
-	"pallet-membership/std",
 	"pallet-preimage/std",
 	"pallet-scheduler/std",
 	"pallet-transaction-payment/std",
@@ -111,7 +106,6 @@ std = [
 	"sp-tracing/std",
 	"sp-version/std",
 	"subtensor-runtime-common/std",
-	"pallet-subtensor-collective/std",
 	"pallet-commitments/std",
 	"pallet-crowdloan/std",
 	"pallet-drand/std",
@@ -139,13 +133,11 @@ runtime-benchmarks = [
 	"frame-support/runtime-benchmarks",
 	"frame-system/runtime-benchmarks",
 	"pallet-balances/runtime-benchmarks",
-	"pallet-membership/runtime-benchmarks",
 	"pallet-preimage/runtime-benchmarks",
 	"pallet-scheduler/runtime-benchmarks",
 	"pallet-transaction-payment/runtime-benchmarks",
 	"runtime-common/runtime-benchmarks",
 	"sp-runtime/runtime-benchmarks",
-	"pallet-subtensor-collective/runtime-benchmarks",
 	"pallet-commitments/runtime-benchmarks",
 	"pallet-crowdloan/runtime-benchmarks",
 	"pallet-drand/runtime-benchmarks",
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/benchmarks.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/benchmarks.rs
index 5b73ac3f41..73c7a8beba 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/benchmarks.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/benchmarks.rs
@@ -657,18 +657,6 @@ mod pallet_benchmarks {
         _(RawOrigin::Signed(coldkey.clone()), netuid);
     }
 
-    #[benchmark]
-    fn adjust_senate() {
-        let coldkey: T::AccountId = whitelisted_caller();
-        let hotkey: T::AccountId = account("Alice", 0, 1);
-
-        Subtensor::<T>::init_new_network(NetUid::ROOT, 1);
-        Uids::<T>::insert(NetUid::ROOT, &hotkey, 0u16);
-
-        #[extrinsic_call]
-        _(RawOrigin::Signed(coldkey.clone()), hotkey.clone());
-    }
-
     #[benchmark]
     fn add_stake_limit() {
         let netuid = NetUid::from(1);
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/root.rs
index 6b09c9ed46..61d5860354 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/root.rs
@@ -17,9 +17,7 @@
 
 use super::*;
 use crate::CommitmentsInterface;
-use frame_support::{dispatch::Pays, weights::Weight};
 use safe_math::*;
-use sp_core::Get;
 use substrate_fixed::types::{I64F64, U96F32};
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, NetUid, NetUidStorageIndex, TaoCurrency};
 use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
@@ -162,16 +160,12 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             );
         }
 
-        // --- 13. Join the Senate if eligible.
-        // Returns the replaced member, if any.
-        let _ = Self::join_senate_if_eligible(&hotkey)?;
-
-        // --- 14. Force all members on root to become a delegate.
+        // --- 13. Force all members on root to become a delegate.
         if !Self::hotkey_is_delegate(&hotkey) {
             Self::delegate_hotkey(&hotkey, 11_796); // 18% cut defaulted.
         }
 
-        // --- 15. Update the registration counters for both the block and interval.
+        // --- 14. Update the registration counters for both the block and interval.
         #[allow(clippy::arithmetic_side_effects)]
         // note this RA + clippy false positive is a known substrate issue
         RegistrationsThisInterval::<T>::mutate(NetUid::ROOT, |val| *val += 1);
@@ -179,7 +173,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         // note this RA + clippy false positive is a known substrate issue
         RegistrationsThisBlock::<T>::mutate(NetUid::ROOT, |val| *val += 1);
 
-        // --- 16. Log and announce the successful registration.
+        // --- 15. Log and announce the successful registration.
         log::debug!(
             "RootRegistered(netuid:{:?} uid:{:?} hotkey:{:?})",
             NetUid::ROOT,
@@ -192,166 +186,10 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             hotkey,
         ));
 
-        // --- 17. Finish and return success.
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    // Checks if a hotkey should be a member of the Senate, and if so, adds them.
-    //
-    // This function is responsible for adding a hotkey to the Senate if they meet the requirements.
-    // The root key with the least stake is pruned in the event of a filled membership.
-    //
-    // # Arguments:
-    // * 'origin': Represents the origin of the call.
-    // * 'hotkey': The hotkey that the user wants to register to the root network.
-    //
-    // # Returns:
-    // * 'DispatchResult': A result type indicating success or failure of the registration.
-    //
-    pub fn do_adjust_senate(origin: T::RuntimeOrigin, hotkey: T::AccountId) -> DispatchResult {
-        ensure!(
-            Self::if_subnet_exist(NetUid::ROOT),
-            Error::<T>::RootNetworkDoesNotExist
-        );
-
-        // --- 1. Ensure that the call originates from a signed source and retrieve the caller's account ID (coldkey).
-        let coldkey = ensure_signed(origin)?;
-        log::debug!("do_root_register( coldkey: {coldkey:?}, hotkey: {hotkey:?} )");
-
-        // --- 2. Check if the hotkey is already registered to the root network. If not, error out.
-        ensure!(
-            Uids::<T>::contains_key(NetUid::ROOT, &hotkey),
-            Error::<T>::HotKeyNotRegisteredInSubNet
-        );
-
-        // --- 3. Create a network account for the user if it doesn't exist.
-        Self::create_account_if_non_existent(&coldkey, &hotkey);
-
-        // --- 4. Join the Senate if eligible.
-        // Returns the replaced member, if any.
-        let replaced = Self::join_senate_if_eligible(&hotkey)?;
-
-        if replaced.is_none() {
-            // Not eligible to join the Senate, or no replacement needed.
-            // Check if the hotkey is *now* a member of the Senate.
-            // Otherwise, error out.
-            ensure!(
-                T::SenateMembers::is_member(&hotkey),
-                Error::<T>::StakeTooLowForRoot, // Had less stake than the lowest stake incumbent.
-            );
-        }
-
-        // --- 5. Log and announce the successful Senate adjustment.
-        log::debug!("SenateAdjusted(old_hotkey:{replaced:?} hotkey:{hotkey:?})");
-        Self::deposit_event(Event::SenateAdjusted {
-            old_member: replaced.cloned(),
-            new_member: hotkey,
-        });
-
-        // --- 6. Finish and return success.
+        // --- 16. Finish and return success.
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    // Checks if a hotkey should be a member of the Senate, and if so, adds them.
-    //
-    // # Arguments:
-    // * 'hotkey': The hotkey that the user wants to register to the root network.
-    //
-    // # Returns:
-    // * 'Result<Option<&T::AccountId>, Error<T>>': A result containing the replaced member, if any.
-    //
-    fn join_senate_if_eligible(hotkey: &T::AccountId) -> Result<Option<&T::AccountId>, Error<T>> {
-        // --- 1. Check the hotkey is registered in the root network.
-        ensure!(
-            Uids::<T>::contains_key(NetUid::ROOT, hotkey),
-            Error::<T>::HotKeyNotRegisteredInSubNet
-        );
-
-        // --- 2. Verify the hotkey is NOT already a member of the Senate.
-        ensure!(
-            !T::SenateMembers::is_member(hotkey),
-            Error::<T>::HotKeyAlreadyRegisteredInSubNet
-        );
-
-        // --- 3. Grab the hotkey's stake.
-        let current_stake = Self::get_stake_for_hotkey_on_subnet(hotkey, NetUid::ROOT);
-
-        // Add the hotkey to the Senate.
-        // If we're full, we'll swap out the lowest stake member.
-        let members = T::SenateMembers::members();
-        let last: Option<&T::AccountId> = None;
-        if (members.len() as u32) == T::SenateMembers::max_members() {
-            let mut sorted_members = members.clone();
-            sorted_members.sort_by(|a, b| {
-                let a_stake = Self::get_stake_for_hotkey_on_subnet(a, NetUid::ROOT);
-                let b_stake = Self::get_stake_for_hotkey_on_subnet(b, NetUid::ROOT);
-
-                b_stake.cmp(&a_stake)
-            });
-
-            if let Some(last) = sorted_members.last() {
-                let last_stake = Self::get_stake_for_hotkey_on_subnet(last, NetUid::ROOT);
-
-                if last_stake < current_stake {
-                    // Swap the member with the lowest stake.
-                    T::SenateMembers::swap_member(last, hotkey)
-                        .map_err(|_| Error::<T>::CouldNotJoinSenate)?;
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            T::SenateMembers::add_member(hotkey).map_err(|_| Error::<T>::CouldNotJoinSenate)?;
-        }
-
-        // Return the swapped out member, if any.
-        Ok(last)
-    }
-
-    pub fn do_vote_root(
-        origin: T::RuntimeOrigin,
-        hotkey: &T::AccountId,
-        proposal: T::Hash,
-        index: u32,
-        approve: bool,
-    ) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
-        // --- 1. Ensure that the caller has signed with their coldkey.
-        let coldkey = ensure_signed(origin.clone())?;
-
-        // --- 2. Ensure that the calling coldkey owns the associated hotkey.
-        ensure!(
-            Self::coldkey_owns_hotkey(&coldkey, hotkey),
-            Error::<T>::NonAssociatedColdKey
-        );
-
-        // --- 3. Ensure that the calling hotkey is a member of the senate.
-        ensure!(
-            T::SenateMembers::is_member(hotkey),
-            Error::<T>::NotSenateMember
-        );
-
-        // --- 4. Detects first vote of the member in the motion
-        let is_account_voting_first_time =
-            T::TriumvirateInterface::add_vote(hotkey, proposal, index, approve)?;
-
-        // --- 5. Calculate extrinsic weight
-        let members = T::SenateMembers::members();
-        let member_count = members.len() as u32;
-        let vote_weight = Weight::from_parts(20_528_275, 4980)
-            .saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(48_856, 0).saturating_mul(member_count.into()))
-            .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(2_u64))
-            .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64))
-            .saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(0, 128).saturating_mul(member_count.into()));
-
-        Ok((
-            Some(vote_weight),
-            if is_account_voting_first_time {
-                Pays::No
-            } else {
-                Pays::Yes
-            },
-        )
-            .into())
-    }
-
     /// Facilitates the removal of a user's subnetwork.
     ///
     /// # Args:
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
index c52c589ad6..ef475b1033 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
@@ -91,11 +91,6 @@ pub mod pallet {
         AlphaCurrency, Currency, MechId, NetUid, NetUidStorageIndex, TaoCurrency,
     };
 
-    #[cfg(not(feature = "std"))]
-    use alloc::boxed::Box;
-    #[cfg(feature = "std")]
-    use sp_std::prelude::Box;
-
     /// Origin for the pallet
     pub type PalletsOriginOf<T> =
         <<T as frame_system::Config>::RuntimeOrigin as OriginTrait>::PalletsOrigin;
@@ -795,11 +790,6 @@ pub mod pallet {
         4
     }
     #[pallet::type_value]
-    /// Senate requirements
-    pub fn DefaultSenateRequiredStakePercentage<T: Config>() -> u64 {
-        T::InitialSenateRequiredStakePercentage::get()
-    }
-    #[pallet::type_value]
     /// -- ITEM (switches liquid alpha on)
     pub fn DefaultLiquidAlpha<T: Config>() -> bool {
         false
@@ -939,10 +929,6 @@ pub mod pallet {
     pub type DissolveNetworkScheduleDuration<T: Config> =
         StorageValue<_, BlockNumberFor<T>, ValueQuery, DefaultDissolveNetworkScheduleDuration<T>>;
 
-    #[pallet::storage]
-    pub type SenateRequiredStakePercentage<T> =
-        StorageValue<_, u64, ValueQuery, DefaultSenateRequiredStakePercentage<T>>;
-
     #[pallet::storage]
     /// --- DMap ( netuid, coldkey ) --> blocknumber | last hotkey swap on network.
     pub type LastHotkeySwapOnNetuid<T: Config> = StorageDoubleMap<
@@ -2071,81 +2057,6 @@ use sp_std::vec;
 use sp_std::vec::Vec;
 use subtensor_macros::freeze_struct;
 
-/// Trait for managing a membership pallet instance in the runtime
-pub trait MemberManagement<AccountId> {
-    /// Add member
-    fn add_member(account: &AccountId) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo;
-
-    /// Remove a member
-    fn remove_member(account: &AccountId) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo;
-
-    /// Swap member
-    fn swap_member(remove: &AccountId, add: &AccountId) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo;
-
-    /// Get all members
-    fn members() -> Vec<AccountId>;
-
-    /// Check if an account is apart of the set
-    fn is_member(account: &AccountId) -> bool;
-
-    /// Get our maximum member count
-    fn max_members() -> u32;
-}
-
-impl<T> MemberManagement<T> for () {
-    /// Add member
-    fn add_member(_: &T) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
-        Ok(().into())
-    }
-
-    // Remove a member
-    fn remove_member(_: &T) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
-        Ok(().into())
-    }
-
-    // Swap member
-    fn swap_member(_: &T, _: &T) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
-        Ok(().into())
-    }
-
-    // Get all members
-    fn members() -> Vec<T> {
-        vec![]
-    }
-
-    // Check if an account is apart of the set
-    fn is_member(_: &T) -> bool {
-        false
-    }
-
-    fn max_members() -> u32 {
-        0
-    }
-}
-
-/// Trait for interacting with collective pallets
-pub trait CollectiveInterface<AccountId, Hash, ProposalIndex> {
-    /// Remove vote
-    fn remove_votes(hotkey: &AccountId) -> Result<bool, DispatchError>;
-
-    fn add_vote(
-        hotkey: &AccountId,
-        proposal: Hash,
-        index: ProposalIndex,
-        approve: bool,
-    ) -> Result<bool, DispatchError>;
-}
-
-impl<T, H, P> CollectiveInterface<T, H, P> for () {
-    fn remove_votes(_: &T) -> Result<bool, DispatchError> {
-        Ok(true)
-    }
-
-    fn add_vote(_: &T, _: H, _: P, _: bool) -> Result<bool, DispatchError> {
-        Ok(true)
-    }
-}
-
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct TaoCurrencyReserve<T: Config>(PhantomData<T>);
 
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/config.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/config.rs
index d86e743e43..c449742905 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/config.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/config.rs
@@ -27,19 +27,10 @@ mod config {
             + UnfilteredDispatchable<RuntimeOrigin = Self::RuntimeOrigin>
             + GetDispatchInfo;
 
-        /// Origin checking for council majority
-        type CouncilOrigin: EnsureOrigin<Self::RuntimeOrigin>;
-
         ///  Currency type that will be used to place deposits on neurons
         type Currency: fungible::Balanced<Self::AccountId, Balance = u64>
             + fungible::Mutate<Self::AccountId>;
 
-        /// Senate members with members management functions.
-        type SenateMembers: crate::MemberManagement<Self::AccountId>;
-
-        /// Interface to allow other pallets to control who can register identities
-        type TriumvirateInterface: crate::CollectiveInterface<Self::AccountId, Self::Hash, u32>;
-
         /// The scheduler type used for scheduling delayed calls.
         type Scheduler: ScheduleAnon<
                 BlockNumberFor<Self>,
@@ -195,9 +186,6 @@ mod config {
         /// Initial childkey take transaction rate limit.
         #[pallet::constant]
         type InitialTxChildKeyTakeRateLimit: Get<u64>;
-        /// Initial percentage of total stake required to join senate.
-        #[pallet::constant]
-        type InitialSenateRequiredStakePercentage: Get<u64>;
         /// Initial adjustment alpha on burn and pow.
         #[pallet::constant]
         type InitialAdjustmentAlpha: Get<u64>;
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
index 78874b9f43..9f74075c20 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
@@ -1035,15 +1035,6 @@ mod dispatches {
             Self::do_root_register(origin, hotkey)
         }
 
-        /// Attempt to adjust the senate membership to include a hotkey
-        #[pallet::call_index(63)]
-        #[pallet::weight((Weight::from_parts(58_980_000, 0)
-		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(7))
-		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(4)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::Yes))]
-        pub fn adjust_senate(origin: OriginFor<T>, hotkey: T::AccountId) -> DispatchResult {
-            Self::do_adjust_senate(origin, hotkey)
-        }
-
         /// User register a new subnetwork via burning token
         #[pallet::call_index(7)]
         #[pallet::weight((Weight::from_parts(354_200_000, 0)
@@ -1231,87 +1222,6 @@ mod dispatches {
             Self::set_max_childkey_take(take);
             Ok(())
         }
-        // ==================================
-        // ==== Parameter Sudo calls ========
-        // ==================================
-        // Each function sets the corresponding hyper paramter on the specified network
-        // Args:
-        // 	* 'origin': (<T as frame_system::Config>Origin):
-        // 		- The caller, must be sudo.
-        //
-        // 	* `netuid` (u16):
-        // 		- The network identifier.
-        //
-        // 	* `hyperparameter value` (u16):
-        // 		- The value of the hyper parameter.
-        //
-
-        /// Authenticates a council proposal and dispatches a function call with `Root` origin.
-        ///
-        /// The dispatch origin for this call must be a council majority.
-        ///
-        /// ## Complexity
-        /// - O(1).
-        #[pallet::call_index(51)]
-        #[pallet::weight((Weight::from_parts(111_100_000, 0), DispatchClass::Operational, Pays::Yes))]
-        pub fn sudo(
-            origin: OriginFor<T>,
-            call: Box<T::SudoRuntimeCall>,
-        ) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
-            // This is a public call, so we ensure that the origin is a council majority.
-            T::CouncilOrigin::ensure_origin(origin)?;
-
-            let result = call.dispatch_bypass_filter(frame_system::RawOrigin::Root.into());
-            let error = result.map(|_| ()).map_err(|e| e.error);
-            Self::deposit_event(Event::Sudid(error));
-
-            return result;
-        }
-
-        /// Authenticates a council proposal and dispatches a function call with `Root` origin.
-        /// This function does not check the weight of the call, and instead allows the
-        /// user to specify the weight of the call.
-        ///
-        /// The dispatch origin for this call must be a council majority.
-        ///
-        /// ## Complexity
-        /// - O(1).
-        #[allow(deprecated)]
-        #[pallet::call_index(52)]
-        #[pallet::weight((*weight, call.get_dispatch_info().class, Pays::Yes))]
-        pub fn sudo_unchecked_weight(
-            origin: OriginFor<T>,
-            call: Box<T::SudoRuntimeCall>,
-            weight: Weight,
-        ) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
-            // We dont need to check the weight witness, suppress warning.
-            // See https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/1818.
-            let _ = weight;
-
-            // This is a public call, so we ensure that the origin is a council majority.
-            T::CouncilOrigin::ensure_origin(origin)?;
-
-            let result = call.dispatch_bypass_filter(frame_system::RawOrigin::Root.into());
-            let error = result.map(|_| ()).map_err(|e| e.error);
-            Self::deposit_event(Event::Sudid(error));
-
-            return result;
-        }
-
-        /// User vote on a proposal
-        #[pallet::call_index(55)]
-        #[pallet::weight((Weight::from_parts(111_100_000, 0)
-		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(0))
-		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(0)), DispatchClass::Operational))]
-        pub fn vote(
-            origin: OriginFor<T>,
-            hotkey: T::AccountId,
-            proposal: T::Hash,
-            #[pallet::compact] index: u32,
-            approve: bool,
-        ) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
-            Self::do_vote_root(origin, &hotkey, proposal, index, approve)
-        }
 
         /// User register a new subnetwork
         #[pallet::call_index(59)]
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/errors.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/errors.rs
index 759e74f6e3..9d9b7a70f5 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/errors.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/errors.rs
@@ -97,8 +97,6 @@ mod errors {
         TooManyRegistrationsThisInterval,
         /// The hotkey is required to be the origin.
         TransactorAccountShouldBeHotKey,
-        /// A hotkey is attempting to do something only senate members can do.
-        NotSenateMember,
         /// Faucet is disabled.
         FaucetDisabled,
         /// Not a subnet owner.
@@ -130,8 +128,6 @@ mod errors {
         CommitRevealEnabled,
         /// Attemtping to commit/reveal weights when disabled.
         CommitRevealDisabled,
-        /// Not able to join the senate.
-        CouldNotJoinSenate,
         /// Attempting to set alpha high/low while disabled
         LiquidAlphaDisabled,
         /// Alpha high is too low: alpha_high > 0.8
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/events.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/events.rs
index c34219d532..07232cbc14 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/events.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/events.rs
@@ -136,8 +136,6 @@ mod events {
         RAORecycledForRegistrationSet(NetUid, TaoCurrency),
         /// min stake is set for validators to set weights.
         StakeThresholdSet(u64),
-        /// setting the minimum required stake amount for senate registration.
-        SenateRequiredStakePercentSet(u64),
         /// setting the adjustment alpha on a subnet.
         AdjustmentAlphaSet(NetUid, u64),
         /// the faucet it called on the test net.
@@ -171,13 +169,6 @@ mod events {
         MaxDelegateTakeSet(u16),
         /// minimum delegate take is set by sudo/admin transaction
         MinDelegateTakeSet(u16),
-        /// a member of the senate is adjusted
-        SenateAdjusted {
-            /// the account ID of the old senate member, if any
-            old_member: Option<T::AccountId>,
-            /// the account ID of the new senate member
-            new_member: T::AccountId,
-        },
         /// A coldkey has been swapped
         ColdkeySwapped {
             /// the account ID of old coldkey
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_create_root_network.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_create_root_network.rs
index 24e2251c38..c9d069b451 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_create_root_network.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_create_root_network.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use super::*;
 use frame_support::{
     pallet_prelude::{Identity, OptionQuery},
     storage_alias,
-    traits::{DefensiveResult, Get},
+    traits::Get,
     weights::Weight,
 };
 use sp_std::vec::Vec;
@@ -82,16 +82,9 @@ pub fn migrate_create_root_network<T: Config>() -> Weight {
     // Accrue weight for database writes
     weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().writes(8));
 
-    // Remove all existing senate members
-    for hotkey_i in T::SenateMembers::members().iter() {
-        // Remove votes associated with the member
-        T::TriumvirateInterface::remove_votes(hotkey_i).defensive_ok();
-        // Remove the member from the senate
-        T::SenateMembers::remove_member(hotkey_i).defensive_ok();
-
-        // Accrue weight for database operations
-        weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(2, 2));
-    }
+    // Remove all existing triumvirate votes and senate members
+    remove_prefix::<T>("Triumvirate", "Votes", &mut weight);
+    remove_prefix::<T>("SenateMembers", "Members", &mut weight);
 
     log::info!("Migrated create root network");
     weight
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_remove_unused_maps_and_values.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_remove_unused_maps_and_values.rs
index 701ab14893..df439eafe3 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_remove_unused_maps_and_values.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_remove_unused_maps_and_values.rs
@@ -2,31 +2,7 @@ use super::*;
 use crate::HasMigrationRun;
 use frame_support::{traits::Get, weights::Weight};
 use scale_info::prelude::string::String;
-use sp_io::{
-    KillStorageResult,
-    hashing::twox_128,
-    storage::{clear, clear_prefix},
-};
-
-fn remove_prefix<T: Config>(old_map: &str, weight: &mut Weight) {
-    let mut prefix = Vec::new();
-    prefix.extend_from_slice(&twox_128("SubtensorModule".as_bytes()));
-    prefix.extend_from_slice(&twox_128(old_map.as_bytes()));
-
-    let removal_results = clear_prefix(&prefix, Some(u32::MAX));
-
-    let removed_entries_count = match removal_results {
-        KillStorageResult::AllRemoved(removed) => removed as u64,
-        KillStorageResult::SomeRemaining(removed) => {
-            log::info!("Failed To Remove Some Items During migration");
-            removed as u64
-        }
-    };
-
-    log::info!("Removed {removed_entries_count:?} entries from {old_map:?} map.");
-
-    *weight = (*weight).saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(removed_entries_count));
-}
+use sp_io::storage::clear;
 
 pub fn migrate_remove_unused_maps_and_values<T: Config>() -> Weight {
     let migration_name = b"migrate_remove_unused_maps_and_values".to_vec();
@@ -46,10 +22,10 @@ pub fn migrate_remove_unused_maps_and_values<T: Config>() -> Weight {
     );
 
     // Remove EmissionValues entries
-    remove_prefix::<T>("EmissionValues", &mut weight);
+    remove_prefix::<T>("SubtensorModule", "EmissionValues", &mut weight);
 
     // Remove NetworkMaxStake
-    remove_prefix::<T>("NetworkMaxStake", &mut weight);
+    remove_prefix::<T>("SubtensorModule", "NetworkMaxStake", &mut weight);
 
     // Remove SubnetLimit
     clear(b"SubtensorModule::SubnetLimit");
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/mod.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/mod.rs
index e92b86aa29..b41a66097a 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/mod.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/mod.rs
@@ -101,3 +101,23 @@ pub(crate) fn migrate_storage<T: Config>(
 
     weight
 }
+
+pub(crate) fn remove_prefix<T: Config>(module: &str, old_map: &str, weight: &mut Weight) {
+    let mut prefix = Vec::new();
+    prefix.extend_from_slice(&twox_128(module.as_bytes()));
+    prefix.extend_from_slice(&twox_128(old_map.as_bytes()));
+
+    let removal_results = clear_prefix(&prefix, Some(u32::MAX));
+
+    let removed_entries_count = match removal_results {
+        KillStorageResult::AllRemoved(removed) => removed as u64,
+        KillStorageResult::SomeRemaining(removed) => {
+            log::info!("Failed To Remove Some Items During migration");
+            removed as u64
+        }
+    };
+
+    log::info!("Removed {removed_entries_count:?} entries from {old_map:?} map.");
+
+    *weight = (*weight).saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(removed_entries_count));
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/swap/swap_hotkey.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/swap/swap_hotkey.rs
index ea270c1e10..681db3d4ad 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/swap/swap_hotkey.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/swap/swap_hotkey.rs
@@ -131,16 +131,15 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     /// 4. Moves all stake-related data for the interval.
     /// 5. Updates the last transaction block for the new hotkey.
     /// 6. Transfers the delegate take information.
-    /// 7. Swaps Senate membership if applicable.
-    /// 8. Updates delegate information.
-    /// 9. For each subnet:
+    /// 7. Updates delegate information.
+    /// 8. For each subnet:
     ///    - Updates network membership status.
     ///    - Transfers UID and key information.
     ///    - Moves Prometheus data.
     ///    - Updates axon information.
     ///    - Transfers weight commits.
     ///    - Updates loaded emission data.
-    /// 10. Transfers all stake information, including updating staking hotkeys for each coldkey.
+    /// 9. Transfers all stake information, including updating staking hotkeys for each coldkey.
     ///
     /// Throughout the process, the function accumulates the computational weight of operations performed.
     ///
@@ -207,14 +206,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         Self::remove_last_tx_block_childkey(old_hotkey);
         weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(1, 2));
 
-        // 9. Swap Senate members.
-        // Senate( hotkey ) --> ?
-        if T::SenateMembers::is_member(old_hotkey) {
-            T::SenateMembers::swap_member(old_hotkey, new_hotkey).map_err(|e| e.error)?;
-            weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(1, 2));
-        }
-
-        // 10. Swap delegates.
+        // 9. Swap delegates.
         // Delegates( hotkey ) -> take value -- the hotkey delegate take value.
         if Delegates::<T>::contains_key(old_hotkey) {
             let old_delegate_take = Delegates::<T>::get(old_hotkey);
@@ -223,7 +215,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(2, 2));
         }
 
-        // 11. Alpha already update in perform_hotkey_swap_on_one_subnet
+        // 10. Alpha already update in perform_hotkey_swap_on_one_subnet
         // Update the StakingHotkeys for the case where hotkey staked by multiple coldkeys.
         for ((coldkey, _netuid), _alpha) in old_alpha_values {
             // Swap StakingHotkeys.
@@ -244,19 +236,6 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    pub fn swap_senate_member(
-        old_hotkey: &T::AccountId,
-        new_hotkey: &T::AccountId,
-        weight: &mut Weight,
-    ) -> DispatchResult {
-        weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads(1));
-        if T::SenateMembers::is_member(old_hotkey) {
-            T::SenateMembers::swap_member(old_hotkey, new_hotkey).map_err(|e| e.error)?;
-            weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(1, 2));
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
     fn swap_hotkey_on_subnet(
         coldkey: &T::AccountId,
         old_hotkey: &T::AccountId,
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mock.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mock.rs
index 14ec878e77..73f8581d5e 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mock.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mock.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ use core::num::NonZeroU64;
 
 use crate::utils::rate_limiting::TransactionType;
 use crate::*;
-use frame_support::dispatch::DispatchResultWithPostInfo;
 use frame_support::traits::{Contains, Everything, InherentBuilder, InsideBoth};
 use frame_support::weights::Weight;
 use frame_support::weights::constants::RocksDbWeight;
@@ -18,9 +17,7 @@ use frame_support::{
     traits::{Hooks, PrivilegeCmp},
 };
 use frame_system as system;
-use frame_system::{EnsureNever, EnsureRoot, RawOrigin, limits, offchain::CreateTransactionBase};
-use pallet_subtensor_collective as pallet_collective;
-use pallet_subtensor_collective::MemberCount;
+use frame_system::{EnsureRoot, RawOrigin, limits, offchain::CreateTransactionBase};
 use pallet_subtensor_utility as pallet_utility;
 use sp_core::{ConstU64, Get, H256, U256, offchain::KeyTypeId};
 use sp_runtime::Perbill;
@@ -42,10 +39,6 @@ frame_support::construct_runtime!(
     {
         System: frame_system::{Pallet, Call, Config<T>, Storage, Event<T>} = 1,
         Balances: pallet_balances::{Pallet, Call, Config<T>, Storage, Event<T>} = 2,
-        Triumvirate: pallet_collective::<Instance1>::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Origin<T>, Event<T>, Config<T>} = 3,
-        TriumvirateMembers: pallet_membership::<Instance1>::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Event<T>, Config<T>} = 4,
-        Senate: pallet_collective::<Instance2>::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Origin<T>, Event<T>, Config<T>} = 5,
-        SenateMembers: pallet_membership::<Instance2>::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Event<T>, Config<T>} = 6,
         SubtensorModule: crate::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Event<T>} = 7,
         Utility: pallet_utility::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Event} = 8,
         Scheduler: pallet_scheduler::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Event<T>} = 9,
@@ -209,7 +202,6 @@ parameter_types! {
     pub const InitialMinDifficulty: u64 = 1;
     pub const InitialMaxDifficulty: u64 = u64::MAX;
     pub const InitialRAORecycledForRegistration: u64 = 0;
-    pub const InitialSenateRequiredStakePercentage: u64 = 2; // 2 percent of total stake
     pub const InitialNetworkImmunityPeriod: u64 = 1_296_000;
     pub const InitialNetworkMinLockCost: u64 = 100_000_000_000;
     pub const InitialSubnetOwnerCut: u16 = 0; // 0%. 100% of rewards go to validators + miners.
@@ -235,171 +227,11 @@ parameter_types! {
     pub const EvmKeyAssociateRateLimit: u64 = 10;
 }
 
-// Configure collective pallet for council
-parameter_types! {
-    pub const CouncilMotionDuration: BlockNumber = 100;
-    pub const CouncilMaxProposals: u32 = 10;
-    pub const CouncilMaxMembers: u32 = 3;
-}
-
-// Configure collective pallet for Senate
-parameter_types! {
-    pub const SenateMaxMembers: u32 = 12;
-}
-
-use pallet_collective::{CanPropose, CanVote, GetVotingMembers};
-pub struct CanProposeToTriumvirate;
-impl CanPropose<AccountId> for CanProposeToTriumvirate {
-    fn can_propose(account: &AccountId) -> bool {
-        Triumvirate::is_member(account)
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct CanVoteToTriumvirate;
-impl CanVote<AccountId> for CanVoteToTriumvirate {
-    fn can_vote(_: &AccountId) -> bool {
-        //Senate::is_member(account)
-        false // Disable voting from pallet_collective::vote
-    }
-}
-
-use crate::{CollectiveInterface, MemberManagement, StakeThreshold};
-pub struct ManageSenateMembers;
-impl MemberManagement<AccountId> for ManageSenateMembers {
-    fn add_member(account: &AccountId) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
-        let who = *account;
-        SenateMembers::add_member(RawOrigin::Root.into(), who)
-    }
-
-    fn remove_member(account: &AccountId) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
-        let who = *account;
-        SenateMembers::remove_member(RawOrigin::Root.into(), who)
-    }
-
-    fn swap_member(rm: &AccountId, add: &AccountId) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
-        let remove = *rm;
-        let add = *add;
-
-        Triumvirate::remove_votes(rm)?;
-        SenateMembers::swap_member(RawOrigin::Root.into(), remove, add)
-    }
-
-    fn is_member(account: &AccountId) -> bool {
-        SenateMembers::members().contains(account)
-    }
-
-    fn members() -> Vec<AccountId> {
-        SenateMembers::members().into()
-    }
-
-    fn max_members() -> u32 {
-        SenateMaxMembers::get()
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct GetSenateMemberCount;
-impl GetVotingMembers<MemberCount> for GetSenateMemberCount {
-    fn get_count() -> MemberCount {
-        Senate::members().len() as u32
-    }
-}
-impl Get<MemberCount> for GetSenateMemberCount {
-    fn get() -> MemberCount {
-        SenateMaxMembers::get()
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct TriumvirateVotes;
-impl CollectiveInterface<AccountId, H256, u32> for TriumvirateVotes {
-    fn remove_votes(hotkey: &AccountId) -> Result<bool, sp_runtime::DispatchError> {
-        Triumvirate::remove_votes(hotkey)
-    }
-
-    fn add_vote(
-        hotkey: &AccountId,
-        proposal: H256,
-        index: u32,
-        approve: bool,
-    ) -> Result<bool, sp_runtime::DispatchError> {
-        Triumvirate::do_vote(*hotkey, proposal, index, approve)
-    }
-}
-
-// We call pallet_collective TriumvirateCollective
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-type TriumvirateCollective = pallet_collective::Instance1;
-impl pallet_collective::Config<TriumvirateCollective> for Test {
-    type RuntimeOrigin = RuntimeOrigin;
-    type Proposal = RuntimeCall;
-    type MotionDuration = CouncilMotionDuration;
-    type MaxProposals = CouncilMaxProposals;
-    type MaxMembers = GetSenateMemberCount;
-    type DefaultVote = pallet_collective::PrimeDefaultVote;
-    type WeightInfo = pallet_collective::weights::SubstrateWeight<Test>;
-    type SetMembersOrigin = EnsureNever<AccountId>;
-    type CanPropose = CanProposeToTriumvirate;
-    type CanVote = CanVoteToTriumvirate;
-    type GetVotingMembers = GetSenateMemberCount;
-}
-
-// We call council members Triumvirate
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-type TriumvirateMembership = pallet_membership::Instance1;
-impl pallet_membership::Config<TriumvirateMembership> for Test {
-    type RuntimeEvent = RuntimeEvent;
-    type AddOrigin = EnsureRoot<AccountId>;
-    type RemoveOrigin = EnsureRoot<AccountId>;
-    type SwapOrigin = EnsureRoot<AccountId>;
-    type ResetOrigin = EnsureRoot<AccountId>;
-    type PrimeOrigin = EnsureRoot<AccountId>;
-    type MembershipInitialized = Triumvirate;
-    type MembershipChanged = Triumvirate;
-    type MaxMembers = CouncilMaxMembers;
-    type WeightInfo = pallet_membership::weights::SubstrateWeight<Test>;
-}
-
-// This is a dummy collective instance for managing senate members
-// Probably not the best solution, but fastest implementation
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-type SenateCollective = pallet_collective::Instance2;
-impl pallet_collective::Config<SenateCollective> for Test {
-    type RuntimeOrigin = RuntimeOrigin;
-    type Proposal = RuntimeCall;
-    type MotionDuration = CouncilMotionDuration;
-    type MaxProposals = CouncilMaxProposals;
-    type MaxMembers = SenateMaxMembers;
-    type DefaultVote = pallet_collective::PrimeDefaultVote;
-    type WeightInfo = pallet_collective::weights::SubstrateWeight<Test>;
-    type SetMembersOrigin = EnsureNever<AccountId>;
-    type CanPropose = ();
-    type CanVote = ();
-    type GetVotingMembers = ();
-}
-
-// We call our top K delegates membership Senate
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-type SenateMembership = pallet_membership::Instance2;
-impl pallet_membership::Config<SenateMembership> for Test {
-    type RuntimeEvent = RuntimeEvent;
-    type AddOrigin = EnsureRoot<AccountId>;
-    type RemoveOrigin = EnsureRoot<AccountId>;
-    type SwapOrigin = EnsureRoot<AccountId>;
-    type ResetOrigin = EnsureRoot<AccountId>;
-    type PrimeOrigin = EnsureRoot<AccountId>;
-    type MembershipInitialized = Senate;
-    type MembershipChanged = Senate;
-    type MaxMembers = SenateMaxMembers;
-    type WeightInfo = pallet_membership::weights::SubstrateWeight<Test>;
-}
-
 impl crate::Config for Test {
     type RuntimeCall = RuntimeCall;
     type Currency = Balances;
     type InitialIssuance = InitialIssuance;
     type SudoRuntimeCall = TestRuntimeCall;
-    type CouncilOrigin = frame_system::EnsureSigned<AccountId>;
-    type SenateMembers = ManageSenateMembers;
-    type TriumvirateInterface = TriumvirateVotes;
     type Scheduler = Scheduler;
     type InitialMinAllowedWeights = InitialMinAllowedWeights;
     type InitialEmissionValue = InitialEmissionValue;
@@ -442,7 +274,6 @@ impl crate::Config for Test {
     type MinBurnUpperBound = MinBurnUpperBound;
     type MaxBurnLowerBound = MaxBurnLowerBound;
     type InitialRAORecycledForRegistration = InitialRAORecycledForRegistration;
-    type InitialSenateRequiredStakePercentage = InitialSenateRequiredStakePercentage;
     type InitialNetworkImmunityPeriod = InitialNetworkImmunityPeriod;
     type InitialNetworkMinLockCost = InitialNetworkMinLockCost;
     type InitialSubnetOwnerCut = InitialSubnetOwnerCut;
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mod.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mod.rs
index fda2f90b4d..6e485b9087 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mod.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mod.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ mod networks;
 mod neuron_info;
 mod recycle_alpha;
 mod registration;
-mod senate;
 mod serving;
 mod staking;
 mod staking2;
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/senate.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/senate.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 8ad093d0ae..0000000000
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/senate.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,893 +0,0 @@
-#![allow(clippy::unwrap_used)]
-
-use approx::assert_abs_diff_eq;
-use codec::Encode;
-use frame_support::{assert_noop, assert_ok};
-use frame_system::Config;
-use frame_system::pallet_prelude::*;
-use frame_system::{EventRecord, Phase};
-use pallet_subtensor_collective as pallet_collective;
-use pallet_subtensor_collective::Event as CollectiveEvent;
-use sp_core::{Get, H256, U256, bounded_vec};
-use sp_runtime::{
-    BuildStorage,
-    traits::{BlakeTwo256, Hash},
-};
-use subtensor_runtime_common::TaoCurrency;
-use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
-
-use super::mock;
-use super::mock::*;
-use crate::Delegates;
-use crate::Error;
-use crate::migrations;
-use crate::*;
-
-pub fn new_test_ext() -> sp_io::TestExternalities {
-    sp_tracing::try_init_simple();
-
-    let mut ext: sp_io::TestExternalities = RuntimeGenesisConfig {
-        senate_members: pallet_membership::GenesisConfig::<Test, pallet_membership::Instance2> {
-            members: bounded_vec![1.into(), 2.into(), 3.into(), 4.into(), 5.into()],
-            phantom: Default::default(),
-        },
-        triumvirate: pallet_collective::GenesisConfig::<Test, pallet_collective::Instance1> {
-            members: vec![1.into()],
-            phantom: Default::default(),
-        },
-        ..Default::default()
-    }
-    .build_storage()
-    .unwrap()
-    .into();
-
-    ext.execute_with(|| System::set_block_number(1));
-    ext
-}
-
-fn make_proposal(value: u64) -> RuntimeCall {
-    RuntimeCall::System(frame_system::Call::remark_with_event {
-        remark: value.to_be_bytes().to_vec(),
-    })
-}
-
-fn record(event: RuntimeEvent) -> EventRecord<RuntimeEvent, H256> {
-    EventRecord {
-        phase: Phase::Initialization,
-        event,
-        topics: vec![],
-    }
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_senate_join_works() {
-    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-        migrations::migrate_create_root_network::migrate_create_root_network::<Test>();
-
-        let netuid = NetUid::from(1);
-        let tempo: u16 = 13;
-        let hotkey_account_id = U256::from(6);
-        let burn_cost = 1000;
-        let coldkey_account_id = U256::from(667); // Neighbour of the beast, har har
-        let stake = DefaultMinStake::<Test>::get() * 100.into();
-
-        //add network
-        SubtensorModule::set_burn(netuid, burn_cost.into());
-        add_network(netuid, tempo, 0);
-        // Give it some $$$ in his coldkey balance
-        SubtensorModule::add_balance_to_coldkey_account(&coldkey_account_id, 10000);
-
-        let reserve = 1_000_000_000;
-        mock::setup_reserves(netuid, reserve.into(), reserve.into());
-
-        // Subscribe and check extrinsic output
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::burned_register(
-            <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(coldkey_account_id),
-            netuid,
-            hotkey_account_id
-        ));
-        // Check if balance has  decreased to pay for the burn.
-        assert_eq!(
-            SubtensorModule::get_coldkey_balance(&coldkey_account_id),
-            (10000 - burn_cost)
-        ); // funds drained on reg.
-        // Check if neuron has added to the specified network(netuid)
-        assert_eq!(SubtensorModule::get_subnetwork_n(netuid), 1);
-        // Check if hotkey is added to the Hotkeys
-        assert_eq!(
-            SubtensorModule::get_owning_coldkey_for_hotkey(&hotkey_account_id),
-            coldkey_account_id
-        );
-
-        // Lets make this new key a delegate with a 10% take.
-        Delegates::<Test>::insert(hotkey_account_id, u16::MAX / 10);
-
-        let staker_coldkey = U256::from(7);
-        SubtensorModule::add_balance_to_coldkey_account(&staker_coldkey, stake.into());
-
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::add_stake(
-            <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(staker_coldkey),
-            hotkey_account_id,
-            netuid,
-            stake
-        ));
-
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-            SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
-                &hotkey_account_id,
-                &staker_coldkey,
-                netuid
-            ),
-            AlphaCurrency::from(stake.to_u64()),
-            epsilon = 1.into()
-        );
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-            SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_on_subnet(&hotkey_account_id, netuid),
-            AlphaCurrency::from(stake.to_u64()),
-            epsilon = 1.into()
-        );
-
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::root_register(
-            <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(coldkey_account_id),
-            hotkey_account_id
-        ));
-        assert!(Senate::is_member(&hotkey_account_id));
-    });
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_senate_vote_works() {
-    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-        migrations::migrate_create_root_network::migrate_create_root_network::<Test>();
-
-        let netuid = NetUid::from(1);
-        let tempo: u16 = 13;
-        let senate_hotkey = U256::from(1);
-        let hotkey_account_id = U256::from(6);
-        let burn_cost = 1000;
-        let coldkey_account_id = U256::from(667); // Neighbour of the beast, har har
-
-        //add network
-        SubtensorModule::set_burn(netuid, burn_cost.into());
-        add_network(netuid, tempo, 0);
-        // Give it some $$$ in his coldkey balance
-        SubtensorModule::add_balance_to_coldkey_account(&coldkey_account_id, 10000);
-
-        let reserve = 1_000_000_000_000;
-        mock::setup_reserves(netuid, reserve.into(), reserve.into());
-
-        // Subscribe and check extrinsic output
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::burned_register(
-            <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(coldkey_account_id),
-            netuid,
-            hotkey_account_id
-        ));
-        // Check if balance has  decreased to pay for the burn.
-        assert_eq!(
-            SubtensorModule::get_coldkey_balance(&coldkey_account_id),
-            (10000 - burn_cost)
-        ); // funds drained on reg.
-        // Check if neuron has added to the specified network(netuid)
-        assert_eq!(SubtensorModule::get_subnetwork_n(netuid), 1);
-        // Check if hotkey is added to the Hotkeys
-        assert_eq!(
-            SubtensorModule::get_owning_coldkey_for_hotkey(&hotkey_account_id),
-            coldkey_account_id
-        );
-
-        // Lets make this new key a delegate with a 10% take.
-        Delegates::<Test>::insert(hotkey_account_id, u16::MAX / 10);
-
-        let staker_coldkey = U256::from(7);
-        let stake = DefaultMinStake::<Test>::get() * 10.into();
-        SubtensorModule::add_balance_to_coldkey_account(&staker_coldkey, stake.into());
-
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::add_stake(
-            <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(staker_coldkey),
-            hotkey_account_id,
-            netuid,
-            stake
-        ));
-
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-            SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
-                &hotkey_account_id,
-                &staker_coldkey,
-                netuid
-            ),
-            AlphaCurrency::from(stake.to_u64()),
-            epsilon = 1.into()
-        );
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-            SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_on_subnet(&hotkey_account_id, netuid),
-            AlphaCurrency::from(stake.to_u64()),
-            epsilon = 1.into()
-        );
-
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::root_register(
-            <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(coldkey_account_id),
-            hotkey_account_id
-        ));
-        assert!(Senate::is_member(&hotkey_account_id));
-
-        System::reset_events();
-
-        let proposal = make_proposal(42);
-        let proposal_len: u32 = proposal.using_encoded(|p| p.len() as u32);
-        let hash = BlakeTwo256::hash_of(&proposal);
-        assert_ok!(Triumvirate::propose(
-            RuntimeOrigin::signed(senate_hotkey),
-            Box::new(proposal.clone()),
-            proposal_len,
-            TryInto::<BlockNumberFor<Test>>::try_into(100u64)
-                .expect("convert u64 to block number.")
-        ));
-
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::do_vote_root(
-            <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(coldkey_account_id),
-            &hotkey_account_id,
-            hash,
-            0,
-            true
-        ));
-        assert_eq!(
-            System::events(),
-            vec![
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Triumvirate(CollectiveEvent::Proposed {
-                    account: senate_hotkey,
-                    proposal_index: 0,
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    threshold: 1
-                })),
-                record(RuntimeEvent::Triumvirate(CollectiveEvent::Voted {
-                    account: hotkey_account_id,
-                    proposal_hash: hash,
-                    voted: true,
-                    yes: 1,
-                    no: 0
-                }))
-            ]
-        );
-    });
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_senate_vote_not_member() {
-    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-        migrations::migrate_create_root_network::migrate_create_root_network::<Test>();
-
-        let netuid = NetUid::from(1);
-        let tempo: u16 = 13;
-        let senate_hotkey = U256::from(1);
-        let hotkey_account_id = U256::from(6);
-        let burn_cost = 1000;
-        let coldkey_account_id = U256::from(667); // Neighbour of the beast, har har
-
-        //add network
-        SubtensorModule::set_burn(netuid, burn_cost.into());
-        add_network(netuid, tempo, 0);
-        // Give it some $$$ in his coldkey balance
-        SubtensorModule::add_balance_to_coldkey_account(&coldkey_account_id, 10000);
-
-        let reserve = 1_000_000_000_000;
-        mock::setup_reserves(netuid, reserve.into(), reserve.into());
-
-        // Subscribe and check extrinsic output
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::burned_register(
-            <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(coldkey_account_id),
-            netuid,
-            hotkey_account_id
-        ));
-        // Check if balance has  decreased to pay for the burn.
-        assert_eq!(
-            SubtensorModule::get_coldkey_balance(&coldkey_account_id),
-            (10000 - burn_cost)
-        ); // funds drained on reg.
-        // Check if neuron has added to the specified network(netuid)
-        assert_eq!(SubtensorModule::get_subnetwork_n(netuid), 1);
-        // Check if hotkey is added to the Hotkeys
-        assert_eq!(
-            SubtensorModule::get_owning_coldkey_for_hotkey(&hotkey_account_id),
-            coldkey_account_id
-        );
-
-        let proposal = make_proposal(42);
-        let proposal_len: u32 = proposal.using_encoded(|p| p.len() as u32);
-        let hash = BlakeTwo256::hash_of(&proposal);
-        assert_ok!(Triumvirate::propose(
-            RuntimeOrigin::signed(senate_hotkey),
-            Box::new(proposal.clone()),
-            proposal_len,
-            TryInto::<BlockNumberFor<Test>>::try_into(100u64)
-                .expect("convert u64 to block number.")
-        ));
-
-        assert_noop!(
-            SubtensorModule::do_vote_root(
-                <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(coldkey_account_id),
-                &hotkey_account_id,
-                hash,
-                0,
-                true
-            ),
-            Error::<Test>::NotSenateMember
-        );
-    });
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_senate_leave_works() {
-    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-        migrations::migrate_create_root_network::migrate_create_root_network::<Test>();
-
-        let netuid = NetUid::from(1);
-        let tempo: u16 = 13;
-        let hotkey_account_id = U256::from(6);
-        let burn_cost = 1000;
-        let coldkey_account_id = U256::from(667); // Neighbour of the beast, har har
-        let stake = DefaultMinStake::<Test>::get() * 10.into();
-
-        //add network
-        SubtensorModule::set_burn(netuid, burn_cost.into());
-        add_network(netuid, tempo, 0);
-        // Give it some $$$ in his coldkey balance
-        SubtensorModule::add_balance_to_coldkey_account(&coldkey_account_id, 10000);
-
-        let reserve = stake.to_u64() * 1000;
-        mock::setup_reserves(netuid, reserve.into(), reserve.into());
-
-        // Subscribe and check extrinsic output
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::burned_register(
-            <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(coldkey_account_id),
-            netuid,
-            hotkey_account_id
-        ));
-        // Check if balance has  decreased to pay for the burn.
-        assert_eq!(
-            SubtensorModule::get_coldkey_balance(&coldkey_account_id),
-            (10000 - burn_cost)
-        ); // funds drained on reg.
-        // Check if neuron has added to the specified network(netuid)
-        assert_eq!(SubtensorModule::get_subnetwork_n(netuid), 1);
-        // Check if hotkey is added to the Hotkeys
-        assert_eq!(
-            SubtensorModule::get_owning_coldkey_for_hotkey(&hotkey_account_id),
-            coldkey_account_id
-        );
-
-        // Lets make this new key a delegate with a 10% take.
-        Delegates::<Test>::insert(hotkey_account_id, u16::MAX / 10);
-
-        let staker_coldkey = U256::from(7);
-        SubtensorModule::add_balance_to_coldkey_account(&staker_coldkey, stake.into());
-
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::add_stake(
-            <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(staker_coldkey),
-            hotkey_account_id,
-            netuid,
-            stake
-        ));
-
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-            SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
-                &hotkey_account_id,
-                &staker_coldkey,
-                netuid
-            ),
-            AlphaCurrency::from(stake.to_u64()),
-            epsilon = 1.into()
-        );
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-            SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_on_subnet(&hotkey_account_id, netuid),
-            AlphaCurrency::from(stake.to_u64()),
-            epsilon = 1.into()
-        );
-
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::root_register(
-            <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(coldkey_account_id),
-            hotkey_account_id
-        ));
-        assert!(Senate::is_member(&hotkey_account_id));
-    });
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_senate_leave_vote_removal() {
-    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-        migrations::migrate_create_root_network::migrate_create_root_network::<Test>();
-
-        let netuid = NetUid::from(1);
-        let tempo: u16 = 13;
-        let senate_hotkey = U256::from(1);
-        let hotkey_account_id = U256::from(6);
-        let burn_cost = 1000;
-        let coldkey_account_id = U256::from(667); // Neighbour of the beast, har har
-        let coldkey_origin = <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(coldkey_account_id);
-        let stake = DefaultMinStake::<Test>::get() * 10.into();
-
-        //add network
-        SubtensorModule::set_burn(netuid, burn_cost.into());
-        add_network(netuid, tempo, 0);
-        // Give it some $$$ in his coldkey balance
-        SubtensorModule::add_balance_to_coldkey_account(&coldkey_account_id, stake.into());
-        SubtokenEnabled::<Test>::insert(netuid, true);
-
-        let reserve = stake.to_u64() * 1000;
-        mock::setup_reserves(netuid, reserve.into(), reserve.into());
-
-        // Subscribe and check extrinsic output
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::burned_register(
-            coldkey_origin.clone(),
-            netuid,
-            hotkey_account_id
-        ));
-        // Check if balance has  decreased to pay for the burn.
-        assert_eq!(
-            SubtensorModule::get_coldkey_balance(&coldkey_account_id),
-            (stake.to_u64() - burn_cost)
-        ); // funds drained on reg.
-        // Check if neuron has added to the specified network(netuid)
-        assert_eq!(SubtensorModule::get_subnetwork_n(netuid), 1);
-        // Check if hotkey is added to the Hotkeys
-        assert_eq!(
-            SubtensorModule::get_owning_coldkey_for_hotkey(&hotkey_account_id),
-            coldkey_account_id
-        );
-
-        // Lets make this new key a delegate with a 10% take.
-        Delegates::<Test>::insert(hotkey_account_id, u16::MAX / 10);
-
-        let staker_coldkey = U256::from(7);
-        SubtensorModule::add_balance_to_coldkey_account(&staker_coldkey, stake.into());
-
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::add_stake(
-            <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(staker_coldkey),
-            hotkey_account_id,
-            netuid,
-            stake
-        ));
-
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-            SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
-                &hotkey_account_id,
-                &staker_coldkey,
-                netuid
-            ),
-            AlphaCurrency::from(stake.to_u64()),
-            epsilon = 1.into()
-        );
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-            SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_on_subnet(&hotkey_account_id, netuid),
-            AlphaCurrency::from(stake.to_u64()),
-            epsilon = 1.into()
-        );
-
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::root_register(
-            coldkey_origin.clone(),
-            hotkey_account_id
-        ));
-        assert!(Senate::is_member(&hotkey_account_id));
-
-        let proposal = make_proposal(42);
-        let proposal_len: u32 = proposal.using_encoded(|p| p.len() as u32);
-        let hash = BlakeTwo256::hash_of(&proposal);
-        assert_ok!(Triumvirate::propose(
-            RuntimeOrigin::signed(senate_hotkey),
-            Box::new(proposal.clone()),
-            proposal_len,
-            TryInto::<BlockNumberFor<Test>>::try_into(100u64)
-                .expect("convert u64 to block number.")
-        ));
-
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::do_vote_root(
-            coldkey_origin.clone(),
-            &hotkey_account_id,
-            hash,
-            0,
-            true
-        ));
-        // Fill the root network with many large stake keys.
-        // This removes all other keys.
-        // Add two networks.
-        let other_netuid = NetUid::from(5);
-        add_network(other_netuid, 1, 0);
-        SubtensorModule::set_burn(other_netuid, TaoCurrency::ZERO);
-        SubtensorModule::set_max_registrations_per_block(other_netuid, 1000);
-        SubtensorModule::set_target_registrations_per_interval(other_netuid, 1000);
-        SubtensorModule::set_max_registrations_per_block(NetUid::ROOT, 1000);
-        SubtensorModule::set_target_registrations_per_interval(NetUid::ROOT, 1000);
-
-        let reserve = 1_000_000_000_000;
-        mock::setup_reserves(other_netuid, reserve.into(), reserve.into());
-        mock::setup_reserves(NetUid::ROOT, reserve.into(), reserve.into());
-        SubtokenEnabled::<Test>::insert(NetUid::ROOT, true);
-        SubtokenEnabled::<Test>::insert(other_netuid, true);
-
-        for i in 0..200 {
-            let hot = U256::from(i + 100);
-            let cold = U256::from(i + 100);
-            // Add balance
-            SubtensorModule::add_balance_to_coldkey_account(&cold, 100_000_000 + (i as u64)); // lots ot stake
-            // Register
-            assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::burned_register(
-                <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(cold),
-                other_netuid,
-                hot
-            ));
-            // Add stake on other network
-            assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::add_stake(
-                <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(cold),
-                hot,
-                NetUid::ROOT,
-                (100_000_000 + (i as u64)).into()
-            ));
-            // Register them on the root network.
-            assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::root_register(
-                <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(cold),
-                hot,
-            ));
-            // Check succesfull registration.
-            assert!(SubtensorModule::get_uid_for_net_and_hotkey(other_netuid, &hot).is_ok());
-            assert!(SubtensorModule::get_uid_for_net_and_hotkey(NetUid::ROOT, &hot).is_ok());
-            // Check that they are all delegates
-            assert!(SubtensorModule::hotkey_is_delegate(&hot));
-        }
-        // No longer a root member
-        assert!(
-            SubtensorModule::get_uid_for_net_and_hotkey(NetUid::ROOT, &hotkey_account_id).is_err()
-        );
-        // No longer a member of the senate
-        assert!(!Senate::is_member(&hotkey_account_id));
-        assert_eq!(
-            // Vote is removed
-            Triumvirate::has_voted(hash, 0, &hotkey_account_id),
-            Ok(false)
-        );
-    });
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_senate_not_leave_when_stake_removed() {
-    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-        migrations::migrate_create_root_network::migrate_create_root_network::<Test>();
-
-        let netuid = NetUid::from(1);
-        let tempo: u16 = 13;
-        let hotkey_account_id = U256::from(6);
-        let burn_cost = 1000;
-        let coldkey_account_id = U256::from(667); // Neighbour of the beast, har har
-
-        //add network
-        SubtensorModule::set_burn(netuid, burn_cost.into());
-        add_network(netuid, tempo, 0);
-        // Give it some $$$ in his coldkey balance
-        SubtensorModule::add_balance_to_coldkey_account(&coldkey_account_id, 10000);
-
-        let reserve = 1_000_000_000_000;
-        mock::setup_reserves(netuid, reserve.into(), reserve.into());
-
-        // Subscribe and check extrinsic output
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::burned_register(
-            <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(coldkey_account_id),
-            netuid,
-            hotkey_account_id
-        ));
-        // Check if balance has  decreased to pay for the burn.
-        assert_eq!(
-            SubtensorModule::get_coldkey_balance(&coldkey_account_id),
-            (10000 - burn_cost)
-        ); // funds drained on reg.
-        // Check if neuron has added to the specified network(netuid)
-        assert_eq!(SubtensorModule::get_subnetwork_n(netuid), 1);
-        // Check if hotkey is added to the Hotkeys
-        assert_eq!(
-            SubtensorModule::get_owning_coldkey_for_hotkey(&hotkey_account_id),
-            coldkey_account_id
-        );
-
-        // Lets make this new key a delegate with a 10% take.
-        Delegates::<Test>::insert(hotkey_account_id, u16::MAX / 10);
-
-        let staker_coldkey = U256::from(7);
-        let stake_amount = DefaultMinStake::<Test>::get() * 10.into();
-        SubtensorModule::add_balance_to_coldkey_account(&staker_coldkey, stake_amount.into());
-
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::add_stake(
-            <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(staker_coldkey),
-            hotkey_account_id,
-            netuid,
-            stake_amount
-        ));
-
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-            SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
-                &hotkey_account_id,
-                &staker_coldkey,
-                netuid
-            ),
-            AlphaCurrency::from(stake_amount.to_u64()),
-            epsilon = 1.into()
-        );
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-            SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_on_subnet(&hotkey_account_id, netuid),
-            AlphaCurrency::from(stake_amount.to_u64()),
-            epsilon = 1.into()
-        );
-
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::root_register(
-            <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(coldkey_account_id),
-            hotkey_account_id
-        ));
-        assert!(Senate::is_member(&hotkey_account_id));
-
-        step_block(100);
-
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::remove_stake(
-            <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(staker_coldkey),
-            hotkey_account_id,
-            netuid,
-            (stake_amount - 1.into()).to_u64().into()
-        ));
-        assert!(Senate::is_member(&hotkey_account_id));
-    });
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_senate_join_current_delegate() {
-    // Test that a current delegate can join the senate
-    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-        migrations::migrate_create_root_network::migrate_create_root_network::<Test>();
-
-        let netuid = NetUid::from(1);
-        let tempo: u16 = 13;
-        let hotkey_account_id = U256::from(6);
-        let burn_cost = 1000;
-        let coldkey_account_id = U256::from(667);
-
-        //add network
-        SubtensorModule::set_burn(netuid, burn_cost.into());
-        add_network(netuid, tempo, 0);
-        // Give some coldkey balance
-        SubtensorModule::add_balance_to_coldkey_account(&coldkey_account_id, 10000);
-
-        let reserve = 1_000_000_000_000;
-        mock::setup_reserves(netuid, reserve.into(), reserve.into());
-
-        // Subscribe and check extrinsic output
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::burned_register(
-            <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(coldkey_account_id),
-            netuid,
-            hotkey_account_id
-        ));
-        // Check if balance has decreased to pay for the burn.
-        assert_eq!(
-            SubtensorModule::get_coldkey_balance(&coldkey_account_id),
-            (10000 - burn_cost)
-        ); // funds drained on reg.
-        // Check if neuron has added to the specified network(netuid)
-        assert_eq!(SubtensorModule::get_subnetwork_n(netuid), 1);
-        // Check if hotkey is added to the Hotkeys
-        assert_eq!(
-            SubtensorModule::get_owning_coldkey_for_hotkey(&hotkey_account_id),
-            coldkey_account_id
-        );
-
-        // Register in the root network
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::root_register(
-            <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(coldkey_account_id),
-            hotkey_account_id
-        ));
-        // But, remove from the senate
-        assert_ok!(SenateMembers::remove_member(
-            <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::root(),
-            hotkey_account_id
-        ));
-
-        // Should *NOT* be a member of the senate now
-        assert!(!Senate::is_member(&hotkey_account_id));
-
-        System::reset_events();
-
-        // We can call now to adjust the senate
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::adjust_senate(
-            <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(coldkey_account_id),
-            hotkey_account_id
-        ));
-
-        // This should make the hotkey a member of the senate
-        assert!(Senate::is_member(&hotkey_account_id));
-
-        // Check the events
-        assert!(
-            System::events().contains(&record(RuntimeEvent::SubtensorModule(
-                SubtensorEvent::SenateAdjusted {
-                    old_member: None,
-                    new_member: hotkey_account_id
-                }
-            )))
-        );
-    });
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_adjust_senate_events() {
-    // Test the events emitted after adjusting the senate successfully
-    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-        migrations::migrate_create_root_network::migrate_create_root_network::<Test>();
-
-        let netuid = NetUid::from(1);
-        let tempo: u16 = 13;
-        let hotkey_account_id = U256::from(6);
-        let burn_cost = 1000;
-        let coldkey_account_id = U256::from(667);
-
-        let max_senate_size: u16 = SenateMaxMembers::get() as u16;
-        let stake_threshold = {
-            let default_stake = DefaultMinStake::<Test>::get();
-            let fee =
-                <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::approx_fee_amount(netuid, default_stake);
-            (default_stake + fee).to_u64()
-        };
-
-        // We will be registering MaxMembers hotkeys and two more to try a replace
-        let balance_to_add = DefaultMinStake::<Test>::get().to_u64() * 10
-            + 50_000
-            + (stake_threshold + burn_cost) * (max_senate_size + 2) as u64;
-
-        let replacement_hotkey_account_id = U256::from(7); // Will be added to the senate to replace hotkey_account_id
-
-        //add network
-        SubtensorModule::set_burn(netuid, burn_cost.into());
-        add_network(netuid, tempo, 0);
-        // Give some coldkey balance
-        SubtensorModule::add_balance_to_coldkey_account(&coldkey_account_id, balance_to_add);
-
-        // Allow all registrations in netuid in same block. Same for root network.
-        SubtensorModule::set_max_registrations_per_block(netuid, max_senate_size + 1);
-        SubtensorModule::set_target_registrations_per_interval(netuid, max_senate_size + 1);
-        SubtensorModule::set_max_registrations_per_block(NetUid::ROOT, max_senate_size + 1);
-        SubtensorModule::set_target_registrations_per_interval(NetUid::ROOT, max_senate_size + 1);
-        SubtokenEnabled::<Test>::insert(netuid, true);
-        SubtokenEnabled::<Test>::insert(NetUid::ROOT, true);
-
-        let reserve = 100_000_000_000_000;
-        mock::setup_reserves(netuid, reserve.into(), reserve.into());
-
-        // Subscribe and check extrinsic output
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::burned_register(
-            <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(coldkey_account_id),
-            netuid,
-            hotkey_account_id
-        ));
-        // Check if balance has  decreased to pay for the burn.
-        assert_eq!(
-            SubtensorModule::get_coldkey_balance(&coldkey_account_id),
-            (balance_to_add - burn_cost)
-        ); // funds drained on reg.
-        // Check if neuron has added to the specified network(netuid)
-        assert_eq!(SubtensorModule::get_subnetwork_n(netuid), 1);
-        // Check if hotkey is added to the Hotkeys
-        assert_eq!(
-            SubtensorModule::get_owning_coldkey_for_hotkey(&hotkey_account_id),
-            coldkey_account_id
-        );
-
-        // Should *NOT* be a member of the senate
-        assert!(!Senate::is_member(&hotkey_account_id));
-
-        // root register
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::root_register(
-            <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(coldkey_account_id),
-            hotkey_account_id
-        )); // Has no stake, but is now a senate member
-
-        // Check if they are a member of the senate
-        assert!(Senate::is_member(&hotkey_account_id));
-
-        // Register MaxMembers - 1 more hotkeys, add stake and join the senate
-        for i in 0..(max_senate_size - 1) {
-            let new_hotkey_account_id = U256::from(8 + i);
-
-            assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::burned_register(
-                <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(coldkey_account_id),
-                netuid,
-                new_hotkey_account_id
-            ));
-            // Check if this hotkey is added to the Hotkeys
-            assert_eq!(
-                SubtensorModule::get_owning_coldkey_for_hotkey(&new_hotkey_account_id),
-                coldkey_account_id
-            );
-            // Add/delegate enough stake to join the senate
-            // +1 to be above hotkey_account_id
-            assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::add_stake(
-                <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(coldkey_account_id),
-                new_hotkey_account_id,
-                netuid,
-                (stake_threshold + 1 + i as u64).into() // Increasing with i to make them ordered
-            ));
-            // Join senate
-            assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::root_register(
-                <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(coldkey_account_id),
-                new_hotkey_account_id
-            ));
-            // Check if they are a member of the senate
-            assert!(Senate::is_member(&new_hotkey_account_id));
-        }
-
-        // Verify we are at max senate size
-        assert_eq!(Senate::members().len(), max_senate_size as usize);
-
-        // Verify the replacement hotkey is not a member of the senate
-        assert!(!Senate::is_member(&replacement_hotkey_account_id));
-
-        // Register
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::burned_register(
-            <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(coldkey_account_id),
-            netuid,
-            replacement_hotkey_account_id
-        ));
-
-        // Register in root network
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::root_register(
-            <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(coldkey_account_id),
-            replacement_hotkey_account_id
-        ));
-
-        // Check if they are a member of the senate, should not be,
-        // as they have no stake
-        assert!(!Senate::is_member(&replacement_hotkey_account_id));
-        // Add/delegate enough stake to join the senate
-        let stake = DefaultMinStake::<Test>::get() * 10.into();
-
-        let reserve = 100_000_000_000_000;
-        mock::setup_reserves(NetUid::ROOT, reserve.into(), reserve.into());
-
-        let (_, fee) = mock::swap_tao_to_alpha(NetUid::ROOT, stake);
-
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::add_stake(
-            <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(coldkey_account_id),
-            replacement_hotkey_account_id,
-            NetUid::ROOT,
-            stake // Will be more than the last one in the senate by stake (has 0 stake)
-        ));
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-            SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
-                &replacement_hotkey_account_id,
-                &coldkey_account_id,
-                NetUid::ROOT
-            ),
-            AlphaCurrency::from(stake.to_u64() - fee),
-            epsilon = (stake.to_u64() / 1000).into()
-        );
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-            SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_on_subnet(
-                &replacement_hotkey_account_id,
-                NetUid::ROOT
-            ),
-            AlphaCurrency::from(stake.to_u64() - fee),
-            epsilon = (stake.to_u64() / 1000).into()
-        );
-
-        System::reset_events();
-
-        // We can call now to adjust the senate
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::adjust_senate(
-            <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(coldkey_account_id),
-            replacement_hotkey_account_id
-        ));
-
-        // This should make the hotkey a member of the senate
-        assert!(Senate::is_member(&replacement_hotkey_account_id));
-
-        // Check the events
-        assert!(
-            System::events().contains(&record(RuntimeEvent::SubtensorModule(
-                SubtensorEvent::SenateAdjusted {
-                    old_member: None,
-                    new_member: replacement_hotkey_account_id
-                }
-            )))
-        );
-    });
-}
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_coldkey.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_coldkey.rs
index 4c683671ae..9d3bdbfc62 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_coldkey.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_coldkey.rs
@@ -1616,51 +1616,6 @@ fn test_coldkey_swap_total() {
         );
     });
 }
-// SKIP_WASM_BUILD=1 RUST_LOG=info cargo test --test swap_coldkey -- test_swap_senate_member --exact --nocapture
-#[test]
-fn test_swap_senate_member() {
-    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
-        let old_hotkey = U256::from(1);
-        let new_hotkey = U256::from(2);
-        let non_member_hotkey = U256::from(3);
-        let mut weight = Weight::zero();
-
-        // Setup: Add old_hotkey as a Senate member
-        assert_ok!(SenateMembers::add_member(
-            RawOrigin::Root.into(),
-            old_hotkey
-        ));
-
-        // Test 1: Successful swap
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::swap_senate_member(
-            &old_hotkey,
-            &new_hotkey,
-            &mut weight
-        ));
-        assert!(Senate::is_member(&new_hotkey));
-        assert!(!Senate::is_member(&old_hotkey));
-
-        // Verify weight update
-        let expected_weight = <Test as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(2, 2);
-        assert_eq!(weight, expected_weight);
-
-        // Reset weight for next test
-        weight = Weight::zero();
-
-        // Test 2: Swap with non-member (should not change anything)
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::swap_senate_member(
-            &non_member_hotkey,
-            &new_hotkey,
-            &mut weight
-        ));
-        assert!(Senate::is_member(&new_hotkey));
-        assert!(!Senate::is_member(&non_member_hotkey));
-
-        // Verify weight update (should only have read operations)
-        let expected_weight = <Test as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().reads(1);
-        assert_eq!(weight, expected_weight);
-    });
-}
 
 // SKIP_WASM_BUILD=1 RUST_LOG=info cargo test --package pallet-subtensor --lib -- tests::swap_coldkey::test_coldkey_delegations --exact --show-output
 #[test]
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_hotkey.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_hotkey.rs
index a31c238e8a..be67859f5f 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_hotkey.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_hotkey.rs
@@ -120,34 +120,6 @@ fn test_swap_total_hotkey_stake() {
     });
 }
 
-// SKIP_WASM_BUILD=1 RUST_LOG=debug cargo test --test swap_hotkey -- test_swap_senate_members --exact --nocapture
-#[test]
-fn test_swap_senate_members() {
-    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
-        let old_hotkey = U256::from(1);
-        let new_hotkey = U256::from(2);
-        let coldkey = U256::from(3);
-        let mut weight = Weight::zero();
-
-        assert_ok!(SenateMembers::add_member(RuntimeOrigin::root(), old_hotkey));
-        let members = SenateMembers::members();
-        assert!(members.contains(&old_hotkey));
-        assert!(!members.contains(&new_hotkey));
-
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::perform_hotkey_swap_on_all_subnets(
-            &old_hotkey,
-            &new_hotkey,
-            &coldkey,
-            &mut weight
-        ));
-
-        // Assert that the old_hotkey is no longer a member and new_hotkey is now a member
-        let members = SenateMembers::members();
-        assert!(!members.contains(&old_hotkey));
-        assert!(members.contains(&new_hotkey));
-    });
-}
-
 // SKIP_WASM_BUILD=1 RUST_LOG=debug cargo test --test swap_hotkey -- test_swap_delegates --exact --nocapture
 #[test]
 fn test_swap_delegates() {
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_hotkey_with_subnet.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_hotkey_with_subnet.rs
index 740f3e97fa..219bfe1e37 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_hotkey_with_subnet.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/swap_hotkey_with_subnet.rs
@@ -122,33 +122,6 @@ fn test_swap_total_hotkey_stake() {
     });
 }
 
-// SKIP_WASM_BUILD=1 RUST_LOG=debug cargo test --test swap_hotkey_with_subnet -- test_swap_senate_members --exact --nocapture
-#[test]
-fn test_swap_senate_members() {
-    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
-        let old_hotkey = U256::from(1);
-        let new_hotkey = U256::from(2);
-        let coldkey = U256::from(3);
-
-        let netuid = add_dynamic_network(&old_hotkey, &coldkey);
-        SubtensorModule::add_balance_to_coldkey_account(&coldkey, u64::MAX);
-
-        assert_ok!(SenateMembers::add_member(RuntimeOrigin::root(), old_hotkey));
-
-        System::set_block_number(System::block_number() + HotkeySwapOnSubnetInterval::get());
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::do_swap_hotkey(
-            RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),
-            &old_hotkey,
-            &new_hotkey,
-            Some(netuid)
-        ));
-
-        let members = SenateMembers::members();
-        assert!(members.contains(&old_hotkey));
-        assert!(!members.contains(&new_hotkey));
-    });
-}
-
 // SKIP_WASM_BUILD=1 RUST_LOG=debug cargo test --test swap_hotkey_with_subnet -- test_swap_delegates --exact --nocapture
 #[test]
 fn test_swap_delegates() {
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/utils/misc.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/utils/misc.rs
index a4d4755e5d..bb51eccd01 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/utils/misc.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/utils/misc.rs
@@ -779,25 +779,6 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         Self::set_rao_recycled(netuid, rao_recycled);
     }
 
-    pub fn set_senate_required_stake_perc(required_percent: u64) {
-        SenateRequiredStakePercentage::<T>::put(required_percent);
-    }
-
-    pub fn is_senate_member(hotkey: &T::AccountId) -> bool {
-        T::SenateMembers::is_member(hotkey)
-    }
-
-    pub fn do_set_senate_required_stake_perc(
-        origin: T::RuntimeOrigin,
-        required_percent: u64,
-    ) -> DispatchResult {
-        ensure_root(origin)?;
-
-        Self::set_senate_required_stake_perc(required_percent);
-        Self::deposit_event(Event::SenateRequiredStakePercentSet(required_percent));
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
     pub fn is_subnet_owner(address: &T::AccountId) -> bool {
         SubnetOwner::<T>::iter_values().any(|owner| *address == owner)
     }
diff --git a/pallets/transaction-fee/src/tests/mock.rs b/pallets/transaction-fee/src/tests/mock.rs
index de5d13e346..8e48c2e4fc 100644
--- a/pallets/transaction-fee/src/tests/mock.rs
+++ b/pallets/transaction-fee/src/tests/mock.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use frame_support::{
     weights::IdentityFee,
 };
 use frame_system::{
-    self as system, EnsureNever, EnsureRoot, RawOrigin, limits, offchain::CreateTransactionBase,
+    self as system, EnsureRoot, RawOrigin, limits, offchain::CreateTransactionBase,
 };
 pub use pallet_subtensor::*;
 pub use sp_core::U256;
@@ -193,7 +193,6 @@ parameter_types! {
     pub const InitialMinDifficulty: u64 = 1;
     pub const InitialMaxDifficulty: u64 = u64::MAX;
     pub const InitialRAORecycledForRegistration: u64 = 0;
-    pub const InitialSenateRequiredStakePercentage: u64 = 2; // 2 percent of total stake
     pub const InitialNetworkImmunityPeriod: u64 = 7200 * 7;
     pub const InitialNetworkMinLockCost: u64 = 100_000_000_000;
     pub const InitialSubnetOwnerCut: u16 = 0; // 0%. 100% of rewards go to validators + miners.
@@ -225,9 +224,6 @@ impl pallet_subtensor::Config for Test {
     type Currency = Balances;
     type InitialIssuance = InitialIssuance;
     type SudoRuntimeCall = RuntimeCall;
-    type CouncilOrigin = EnsureNever<AccountId>;
-    type SenateMembers = ();
-    type TriumvirateInterface = ();
     type Scheduler = Scheduler;
     type InitialMinAllowedWeights = InitialMinAllowedWeights;
     type InitialEmissionValue = InitialEmissionValue;
@@ -270,7 +266,6 @@ impl pallet_subtensor::Config for Test {
     type MinBurnUpperBound = MinBurnUpperBound;
     type MaxBurnLowerBound = MaxBurnLowerBound;
     type InitialRAORecycledForRegistration = InitialRAORecycledForRegistration;
-    type InitialSenateRequiredStakePercentage = InitialSenateRequiredStakePercentage;
     type InitialNetworkImmunityPeriod = InitialNetworkImmunityPeriod;
     type InitialNetworkMinLockCost = InitialNetworkMinLockCost;
     type InitialSubnetOwnerCut = InitialSubnetOwnerCut;
diff --git a/pallets/utility/Cargo.toml b/pallets/utility/Cargo.toml
index a61327e4b7..5bb38fcf82 100644
--- a/pallets/utility/Cargo.toml
+++ b/pallets/utility/Cargo.toml
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ subtensor-macros.workspace = true
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 pallet-balances = { workspace = true, default-features = true }
-pallet-subtensor-collective = { workspace = true, default-features = true }
 pallet-root-testing = { workspace = true, default-features = true }
 pallet-timestamp = { workspace = true, default-features = true }
 sp-core = { workspace = true, default-features = true }
@@ -47,7 +46,6 @@ runtime-benchmarks = [
 	"frame-support/runtime-benchmarks",
 	"frame-system/runtime-benchmarks",
 	"pallet-balances/runtime-benchmarks",
-	"pallet-subtensor-collective/runtime-benchmarks",
 	"pallet-timestamp/runtime-benchmarks",
 	"sp-runtime/runtime-benchmarks",
 ]
@@ -55,7 +53,6 @@ try-runtime = [
 	"frame-support/try-runtime",
 	"frame-system/try-runtime",
 	"pallet-balances/try-runtime",
-	"pallet-subtensor-collective/try-runtime",
 	"pallet-root-testing/try-runtime",
 	"pallet-timestamp/try-runtime",
 	"sp-runtime/try-runtime",
diff --git a/pallets/utility/src/tests.rs b/pallets/utility/src/tests.rs
index 8a3b198c4b..8b0a9274c2 100644
--- a/pallets/utility/src/tests.rs
+++ b/pallets/utility/src/tests.rs
@@ -34,11 +34,9 @@ use frame_support::{
     traits::{ConstU64, Contains},
     weights::Weight,
 };
-use pallet_subtensor_collective as pallet_collective;
-use pallet_subtensor_collective::{EnsureProportionAtLeast, Instance1};
 use sp_runtime::{
     BuildStorage, DispatchError, TokenError,
-    traits::{BadOrigin, BlakeTwo256, Dispatchable, Hash},
+    traits::{BadOrigin, Dispatchable},
 };
 
 type BlockNumber = u64;
@@ -93,40 +91,6 @@ pub mod example {
     }
 }
 
-mod mock_democracy {
-    pub use pallet::*;
-    #[frame_support::pallet(dev_mode)]
-    pub mod pallet {
-        use frame_support::pallet_prelude::*;
-        use frame_system::pallet_prelude::*;
-
-        #[pallet::pallet]
-        pub struct Pallet<T>(_);
-
-        #[pallet::config]
-        pub trait Config: frame_system::Config + Sized {
-            type ExternalMajorityOrigin: EnsureOrigin<Self::RuntimeOrigin>;
-        }
-
-        #[pallet::call]
-        impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
-            #[pallet::call_index(3)]
-            #[pallet::weight(0)]
-            pub fn external_propose_majority(origin: OriginFor<T>) -> DispatchResult {
-                T::ExternalMajorityOrigin::ensure_origin(origin)?;
-                Self::deposit_event(Event::<T>::ExternalProposed);
-                Ok(())
-            }
-        }
-
-        #[pallet::event]
-        #[pallet::generate_deposit(pub(super) fn deposit_event)]
-        pub enum Event<T: Config> {
-            ExternalProposed,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 type Block = frame_system::mocking::MockBlock<Test>;
 
 frame_support::construct_runtime!(
@@ -136,10 +100,8 @@ frame_support::construct_runtime!(
         Timestamp: pallet_timestamp = 2,
         Balances: pallet_balances = 3,
         RootTesting: pallet_root_testing = 4,
-        Council: pallet_collective::<Instance1> = 5,
         Utility: utility = 6,
         Example: example = 7,
-        Democracy: mock_democracy = 8,
     }
 );
 
@@ -182,42 +144,6 @@ parameter_types! {
     pub MaxProposalWeight: Weight = BlockWeights::get().max_block.saturating_div(2);
 }
 
-pub struct MemberProposals;
-impl pallet_collective::CanPropose<u64> for MemberProposals {
-    fn can_propose(who: &u64) -> bool {
-        [1, 2, 3].contains(who)
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct MemberVotes;
-impl pallet_collective::CanVote<u64> for MemberVotes {
-    fn can_vote(who: &u64) -> bool {
-        [1, 2, 3].contains(who)
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct StoredVotingMembers;
-impl pallet_collective::GetVotingMembers<u32> for StoredVotingMembers {
-    fn get_count() -> u32 {
-        3
-    }
-}
-
-type CouncilCollective = pallet_collective::Instance1;
-impl pallet_collective::Config<CouncilCollective> for Test {
-    type RuntimeOrigin = RuntimeOrigin;
-    type Proposal = RuntimeCall;
-    type MotionDuration = MotionDuration;
-    type MaxProposals = MaxProposals;
-    type MaxMembers = MaxMembers;
-    type DefaultVote = pallet_collective::PrimeDefaultVote;
-    type WeightInfo = ();
-    type SetMembersOrigin = frame_system::EnsureRoot<Self::AccountId>;
-    type CanPropose = MemberProposals;
-    type CanVote = MemberVotes;
-    type GetVotingMembers = StoredVotingMembers;
-}
-
 impl example::Config for Test {}
 
 pub struct TestBaseCallFilter;
@@ -231,15 +157,11 @@ impl Contains<RuntimeCall> for TestBaseCallFilter {
             RuntimeCall::System(frame_system::Call::remark { .. }) => true,
             // For tests
             RuntimeCall::Example(_) => true,
-            // For council origin tests.
-            RuntimeCall::Democracy(_) => true,
             _ => false,
         }
     }
 }
-impl mock_democracy::Config for Test {
-    type ExternalMajorityOrigin = EnsureProportionAtLeast<u64, Instance1, 3, 4>;
-}
+
 impl Config for Test {
     type RuntimeCall = RuntimeCall;
     type PalletsOrigin = OriginCaller;
@@ -265,13 +187,6 @@ pub fn new_test_ext() -> sp_io::TestExternalities {
     .assimilate_storage(&mut t)
     .unwrap();
 
-    pallet_collective::GenesisConfig::<Test, Instance1> {
-        members: vec![1, 2, 3],
-        phantom: Default::default(),
-    }
-    .assimilate_storage(&mut t)
-    .unwrap();
-
     let mut ext = sp_io::TestExternalities::new(t);
     ext.execute_with(|| System::set_block_number(1));
     ext
@@ -897,97 +812,6 @@ fn batch_all_doesnt_work_with_inherents() {
     })
 }
 
-#[test]
-fn batch_works_with_council_origin() {
-    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-        let proposal = RuntimeCall::Utility(UtilityCall::batch {
-            calls: vec![RuntimeCall::Democracy(
-                mock_democracy::Call::external_propose_majority {},
-            )],
-        });
-        let proposal_len: u32 = proposal.using_encoded(|p| p.len() as u32);
-        let proposal_weight = proposal.get_dispatch_info().call_weight;
-        let hash = BlakeTwo256::hash_of(&proposal);
-
-        assert_ok!(Council::propose(
-            RuntimeOrigin::signed(1),
-            Box::new(proposal.clone()),
-            proposal_len,
-            3,
-        ));
-
-        assert_ok!(Council::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(1), hash, 0, true));
-        assert_ok!(Council::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(2), hash, 0, true));
-        assert_ok!(Council::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(3), hash, 0, true));
-
-        System::set_block_number(4);
-
-        assert_ok!(Council::close(
-            RuntimeOrigin::root(),
-            hash,
-            0,
-            proposal_weight,
-            proposal_len
-        ));
-
-        System::assert_last_event(RuntimeEvent::Council(pallet_collective::Event::Executed {
-            proposal_hash: hash,
-            result: Ok(()),
-        }));
-    })
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn force_batch_works_with_council_origin() {
-    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-        let proposal = RuntimeCall::Utility(UtilityCall::force_batch {
-            calls: vec![RuntimeCall::Democracy(
-                mock_democracy::Call::external_propose_majority {},
-            )],
-        });
-        let proposal_len: u32 = proposal.using_encoded(|p| p.len() as u32);
-        let proposal_weight = proposal.get_dispatch_info().call_weight;
-        let hash = BlakeTwo256::hash_of(&proposal);
-
-        assert_ok!(Council::propose(
-            RuntimeOrigin::signed(1),
-            Box::new(proposal.clone()),
-            proposal_len,
-            3,
-        ));
-
-        assert_ok!(Council::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(1), hash, 0, true));
-        assert_ok!(Council::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(2), hash, 0, true));
-        assert_ok!(Council::vote(RuntimeOrigin::signed(3), hash, 0, true));
-
-        System::set_block_number(4);
-        assert_ok!(Council::close(
-            RuntimeOrigin::root(),
-            hash,
-            0,
-            proposal_weight,
-            proposal_len
-        ));
-
-        System::assert_last_event(RuntimeEvent::Council(pallet_collective::Event::Executed {
-            proposal_hash: hash,
-            result: Ok(()),
-        }));
-    })
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn batch_all_works_with_council_origin() {
-    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-        assert_ok!(Utility::batch_all(
-            RuntimeOrigin::from(pallet_collective::RawOrigin::Members(3, 3)),
-            vec![RuntimeCall::Democracy(
-                mock_democracy::Call::external_propose_majority {}
-            )]
-        ));
-    })
-}
-
 #[test]
 fn with_weight_works() {
     new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
diff --git a/runtime/Cargo.toml b/runtime/Cargo.toml
index 0c4353d630..b5fa4bf83b 100644
--- a/runtime/Cargo.toml
+++ b/runtime/Cargo.toml
@@ -64,10 +64,6 @@ pallet-sudo.workspace = true
 
 pallet-admin-utils.workspace = true
 
-# Used for sudo decentralization
-pallet-subtensor-collective.workspace = true
-pallet-membership.workspace = true
-
 # Multisig
 pallet-multisig.workspace = true
 
@@ -205,8 +201,6 @@ std = [
 	"sp-transaction-pool/std",
 	"sp-version/std",
 	"substrate-wasm-builder",
-	"pallet-subtensor-collective/std",
-	"pallet-membership/std",
 	"pallet-registry/std",
 	"pallet-admin-utils/std",
 	"subtensor-custom-rpc-runtime-api/std",
@@ -283,8 +277,6 @@ runtime-benchmarks = [
 	"sp-runtime/runtime-benchmarks",
 	"pallet-safe-mode/runtime-benchmarks",
 	"pallet-subtensor/runtime-benchmarks",
-	"pallet-subtensor-collective/runtime-benchmarks",
-	"pallet-membership/runtime-benchmarks",
 	"pallet-subtensor-proxy/runtime-benchmarks",
 	"pallet-registry/runtime-benchmarks",
 	"pallet-commitments/runtime-benchmarks",
@@ -331,8 +323,6 @@ try-runtime = [
 	"pallet-subtensor-utility/try-runtime",
 	"pallet-safe-mode/try-runtime",
 	"pallet-subtensor/try-runtime",
-	"pallet-subtensor-collective/try-runtime",
-	"pallet-membership/try-runtime",
 	"pallet-subtensor-proxy/try-runtime",
 	"pallet-multisig/try-runtime",
 	"pallet-scheduler/try-runtime",
diff --git a/runtime/src/lib.rs b/runtime/src/lib.rs
index 5654def01c..f3dba0eb41 100644
--- a/runtime/src/lib.rs
+++ b/runtime/src/lib.rs
@@ -20,12 +20,12 @@ use codec::{Compact, Decode, Encode};
 use ethereum::AuthorizationList;
 use frame_support::{
     PalletId,
-    dispatch::{DispatchResult, DispatchResultWithPostInfo},
+    dispatch::DispatchResult,
     genesis_builder_helper::{build_state, get_preset},
     pallet_prelude::Get,
     traits::{Contains, InsideBoth, LinearStoragePrice, fungible::HoldConsideration},
 };
-use frame_system::{EnsureNever, EnsureRoot, EnsureRootWithSuccess, RawOrigin};
+use frame_system::{EnsureRoot, EnsureRootWithSuccess};
 use pallet_commitments::{CanCommit, OnMetadataCommitment};
 use pallet_grandpa::{AuthorityId as GrandpaId, fg_primitives};
 use pallet_registry::CanRegisterIdentity;
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ use pallet_subtensor::rpc_info::{
     stake_info::StakeInfo,
     subnet_info::{SubnetHyperparams, SubnetHyperparamsV2, SubnetInfo, SubnetInfov2},
 };
-use pallet_subtensor_collective as pallet_collective;
+use pallet_subtensor::{CommitmentsInterface, ProxyInterface};
 use pallet_subtensor_proxy as pallet_proxy;
 use pallet_subtensor_swap_runtime_api::SimSwapResult;
 use pallet_subtensor_utility as pallet_utility;
@@ -175,9 +175,6 @@ impl frame_system::offchain::CreateSignedTransaction<pallet_drand::Call<Runtime>
 pub use pallet_scheduler;
 pub use pallet_subtensor;
 
-// Member type for membership
-type MemberCount = u32;
-
 // Method used to calculate the fee of an extrinsic
 pub const fn deposit(items: u32, bytes: u32) -> Balance {
     pub const ITEMS_FEE: Balance = 2_000 * 10_000;
@@ -489,149 +486,6 @@ impl pallet_transaction_payment::Config for Runtime {
     type WeightInfo = pallet_transaction_payment::weights::SubstrateWeight<Runtime>;
 }
 
-// Configure collective pallet for council
-parameter_types! {
-    pub const CouncilMotionDuration: BlockNumber = 12 * HOURS;
-    pub const CouncilMaxProposals: u32 = 10;
-    pub const CouncilMaxMembers: u32 = 3;
-}
-
-// Configure collective pallet for Senate
-parameter_types! {
-    pub const SenateMaxMembers: u32 = 12;
-}
-
-use pallet_collective::{CanPropose, CanVote, GetVotingMembers};
-pub struct CanProposeToTriumvirate;
-impl CanPropose<AccountId> for CanProposeToTriumvirate {
-    fn can_propose(account: &AccountId) -> bool {
-        Triumvirate::is_member(account)
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct CanVoteToTriumvirate;
-impl CanVote<AccountId> for CanVoteToTriumvirate {
-    fn can_vote(_: &AccountId) -> bool {
-        //Senate::is_member(account)
-        false // Disable voting from pallet_collective::vote
-    }
-}
-
-use pallet_subtensor::{
-    CollectiveInterface, CommitmentsInterface, MemberManagement, ProxyInterface,
-};
-pub struct ManageSenateMembers;
-impl MemberManagement<AccountId> for ManageSenateMembers {
-    fn add_member(account: &AccountId) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
-        let who = Address::Id(account.clone());
-        SenateMembers::add_member(RawOrigin::Root.into(), who)
-    }
-
-    fn remove_member(account: &AccountId) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
-        let who = Address::Id(account.clone());
-        SenateMembers::remove_member(RawOrigin::Root.into(), who)
-    }
-
-    fn swap_member(rm: &AccountId, add: &AccountId) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
-        let remove = Address::Id(rm.clone());
-        let add = Address::Id(add.clone());
-
-        Triumvirate::remove_votes(rm)?;
-        SenateMembers::swap_member(RawOrigin::Root.into(), remove, add)
-    }
-
-    fn is_member(account: &AccountId) -> bool {
-        SenateMembers::members().contains(account)
-    }
-
-    fn members() -> Vec<AccountId> {
-        SenateMembers::members().into()
-    }
-
-    fn max_members() -> u32 {
-        SenateMaxMembers::get()
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct GetSenateMemberCount;
-impl GetVotingMembers<MemberCount> for GetSenateMemberCount {
-    fn get_count() -> MemberCount {
-        SenateMembers::members().len() as u32
-    }
-}
-impl Get<MemberCount> for GetSenateMemberCount {
-    fn get() -> MemberCount {
-        SenateMaxMembers::get()
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct TriumvirateVotes;
-impl CollectiveInterface<AccountId, Hash, u32> for TriumvirateVotes {
-    fn remove_votes(hotkey: &AccountId) -> Result<bool, sp_runtime::DispatchError> {
-        Triumvirate::remove_votes(hotkey)
-    }
-
-    fn add_vote(
-        hotkey: &AccountId,
-        proposal: Hash,
-        index: u32,
-        approve: bool,
-    ) -> Result<bool, sp_runtime::DispatchError> {
-        Triumvirate::do_vote(hotkey.clone(), proposal, index, approve)
-    }
-}
-
-type EnsureMajoritySenate =
-    pallet_collective::EnsureProportionMoreThan<AccountId, TriumvirateCollective, 1, 2>;
-
-// We call pallet_collective TriumvirateCollective
-type TriumvirateCollective = pallet_collective::Instance1;
-impl pallet_collective::Config<TriumvirateCollective> for Runtime {
-    type RuntimeOrigin = RuntimeOrigin;
-    type Proposal = RuntimeCall;
-    type MotionDuration = CouncilMotionDuration;
-    type MaxProposals = CouncilMaxProposals;
-    type MaxMembers = GetSenateMemberCount;
-    type DefaultVote = pallet_collective::PrimeDefaultVote;
-    type WeightInfo = pallet_collective::weights::SubstrateWeight<Runtime>;
-    type SetMembersOrigin = EnsureNever<AccountId>;
-    type CanPropose = CanProposeToTriumvirate;
-    type CanVote = CanVoteToTriumvirate;
-    type GetVotingMembers = GetSenateMemberCount;
-}
-
-// We call council members Triumvirate
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-type TriumvirateMembership = pallet_membership::Instance1;
-impl pallet_membership::Config<TriumvirateMembership> for Runtime {
-    type RuntimeEvent = RuntimeEvent;
-    type AddOrigin = EnsureRoot<AccountId>;
-    type RemoveOrigin = EnsureRoot<AccountId>;
-    type SwapOrigin = EnsureRoot<AccountId>;
-    type ResetOrigin = EnsureRoot<AccountId>;
-    type PrimeOrigin = EnsureRoot<AccountId>;
-    type MembershipInitialized = Triumvirate;
-    type MembershipChanged = Triumvirate;
-    type MaxMembers = CouncilMaxMembers;
-    type WeightInfo = pallet_membership::weights::SubstrateWeight<Runtime>;
-}
-
-// We call our top K delegates membership Senate
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-type SenateMembership = pallet_membership::Instance2;
-impl pallet_membership::Config<SenateMembership> for Runtime {
-    type RuntimeEvent = RuntimeEvent;
-    type AddOrigin = EnsureRoot<AccountId>;
-    type RemoveOrigin = EnsureRoot<AccountId>;
-    type SwapOrigin = EnsureRoot<AccountId>;
-    type ResetOrigin = EnsureRoot<AccountId>;
-    type PrimeOrigin = EnsureRoot<AccountId>;
-    type MembershipInitialized = ();
-    type MembershipChanged = ();
-    type MaxMembers = SenateMaxMembers;
-    type WeightInfo = pallet_membership::weights::SubstrateWeight<Runtime>;
-}
-
 impl pallet_sudo::Config for Runtime {
     type RuntimeEvent = RuntimeEvent;
     type RuntimeCall = RuntimeCall;
@@ -759,20 +613,11 @@ impl InstanceFilter<RuntimeCall> for ProxyType {
                 RuntimeCall::SubtensorModule(pallet_subtensor::Call::dissolve_network { .. })
                     | RuntimeCall::SubtensorModule(pallet_subtensor::Call::root_register { .. })
                     | RuntimeCall::SubtensorModule(pallet_subtensor::Call::burned_register { .. })
-                    | RuntimeCall::Triumvirate(..)
                     | RuntimeCall::Sudo(..)
             ),
-            ProxyType::Triumvirate => matches!(
-                c,
-                RuntimeCall::Triumvirate(..) | RuntimeCall::TriumvirateMembers(..)
-            ),
-            ProxyType::Senate => matches!(c, RuntimeCall::SenateMembers(..)),
-            ProxyType::Governance => matches!(
-                c,
-                RuntimeCall::SenateMembers(..)
-                    | RuntimeCall::Triumvirate(..)
-                    | RuntimeCall::TriumvirateMembers(..)
-            ),
+            ProxyType::Triumvirate => false, // deprecated
+            ProxyType::Senate => false, // deprecated
+            ProxyType::Governance => false, // deprecated
             ProxyType::Staking => matches!(
                 c,
                 RuntimeCall::SubtensorModule(pallet_subtensor::Call::add_stake { .. })
@@ -892,7 +737,6 @@ impl InstanceFilter<RuntimeCall> for ProxyType {
                 // NonTransfer is NOT a superset of Transfer or SmallTransfer
                 !matches!(o, ProxyType::Transfer | ProxyType::SmallTransfer)
             }
-            (ProxyType::Governance, ProxyType::Triumvirate | ProxyType::Senate) => true,
             (ProxyType::Transfer, ProxyType::SmallTransfer) => true,
             _ => false,
         }
@@ -964,21 +808,6 @@ impl PrivilegeCmp<OriginCaller> for OriginPrivilegeCmp {
         match (left, right) {
             // Root is greater than anything.
             (OriginCaller::system(frame_system::RawOrigin::Root), _) => Some(Ordering::Greater),
-            // Check which one has more yes votes.
-            (
-                OriginCaller::Triumvirate(pallet_collective::RawOrigin::Members(
-                    l_yes_votes,
-                    l_count,
-                )),
-                OriginCaller::Triumvirate(pallet_collective::RawOrigin::Members(
-                    r_yes_votes,
-                    r_count,
-                )), // Equivalent to (l_yes_votes / l_count).cmp(&(r_yes_votes / r_count))
-            ) => Some(
-                l_yes_votes
-                    .saturating_mul(*r_count)
-                    .cmp(&r_yes_votes.saturating_mul(*l_count)),
-            ),
             // For every other origin we don't care, as they are not used for `ScheduleOrigin`.
             _ => None,
         }
@@ -1185,7 +1014,7 @@ parameter_types! {
     pub const SubtensorInitialTxDelegateTakeRateLimit: u64 = 216000; // 30 days at 12 seconds per block
     pub const SubtensorInitialTxChildKeyTakeRateLimit: u64 = INITIAL_CHILDKEY_TAKE_RATELIMIT;
     pub const SubtensorInitialRAORecycledForRegistration: u64 = 0; // 0 rao
-    pub const SubtensorInitialSenateRequiredStakePercentage: u64 = 1; // 1 percent of total stake
+    pub const SubtensorInitialRequiredStakePercentage: u64 = 1; // 1 percent of total stake
     pub const SubtensorInitialNetworkImmunity: u64 = 1_296_000;
     pub const SubtensorInitialMinAllowedUids: u16 = 64;
     pub const SubtensorInitialMinLockCost: u64 = 1_000_000_000_000; // 1000 TAO
@@ -1217,9 +1046,6 @@ impl pallet_subtensor::Config for Runtime {
     type RuntimeCall = RuntimeCall;
     type SudoRuntimeCall = RuntimeCall;
     type Currency = Balances;
-    type CouncilOrigin = EnsureMajoritySenate;
-    type SenateMembers = ManageSenateMembers;
-    type TriumvirateInterface = TriumvirateVotes;
     type Scheduler = Scheduler;
     type InitialRho = SubtensorInitialRho;
     type InitialAlphaSigmoidSteepness = SubtensorInitialAlphaSigmoidSteepness;
@@ -1263,7 +1089,6 @@ impl pallet_subtensor::Config for Runtime {
     type InitialTxChildKeyTakeRateLimit = SubtensorInitialTxChildKeyTakeRateLimit;
     type InitialMaxChildKeyTake = SubtensorInitialMaxChildKeyTake;
     type InitialRAORecycledForRegistration = SubtensorInitialRAORecycledForRegistration;
-    type InitialSenateRequiredStakePercentage = SubtensorInitialSenateRequiredStakePercentage;
     type InitialNetworkImmunityPeriod = SubtensorInitialNetworkImmunity;
     type InitialNetworkMinLockCost = SubtensorInitialMinLockCost;
     type InitialNetworkLockReductionInterval = SubtensorInitialNetworkLockReductionInterval;
@@ -1637,9 +1462,9 @@ construct_runtime!(
         Balances: pallet_balances = 5,
         TransactionPayment: pallet_transaction_payment = 6,
         SubtensorModule: pallet_subtensor = 7,
-        Triumvirate: pallet_collective::<Instance1>::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Origin<T>, Event<T>, Config<T>} = 8,
-        TriumvirateMembers: pallet_membership::<Instance1>::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Event<T>, Config<T>} = 9,
-        SenateMembers: pallet_membership::<Instance2>::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Event<T>, Config<T>} = 10,
+        // pallet_collective::<Instance1> (triumvirate) was 8
+        // pallet_membership::<Instance1> (triumvirate members) was 9
+        // pallet_membership::<Instance2> (senate members) was 10
         Utility: pallet_utility = 11,
         Sudo: pallet_sudo = 12,
         Multisig: pallet_multisig = 13,
@@ -1685,12 +1510,23 @@ pub type TransactionExtensions = (
     frame_metadata_hash_extension::CheckMetadataHash<Runtime>,
 );
 
+parameter_types! {
+    pub const TriumviratePalletStr: &'static str = "Triumvirate";
+    pub const TriumvirateMembersPalletStr: &'static str = "TriumvirateMembers";
+    pub const SenateMembersPalletStr: &'static str = "SenateMembers";
+}
+
 type Migrations = (
     // Leave this migration in the runtime, so every runtime upgrade tiny rounding errors (fractions of fractions
     // of a cent) are cleaned up. These tiny rounding errors occur due to floating point coversion.
     pallet_subtensor::migrations::migrate_init_total_issuance::initialise_total_issuance::Migration<
         Runtime,
     >,
+    
+    // Remove storage from removed governance pallets
+    frame_support::migrations::RemovePallet<TriumviratePalletStr, RocksDbWeight>,
+    frame_support::migrations::RemovePallet<TriumvirateMembersPalletStr, RocksDbWeight>,
+    frame_support::migrations::RemovePallet<SenateMembersPalletStr, RocksDbWeight>,
 );
 
 // Unchecked extrinsic type as expected by this runtime.
diff --git a/runtime/tests/pallet_proxy.rs b/runtime/tests/pallet_proxy.rs
index e2a9fea415..016c8192bc 100644
--- a/runtime/tests/pallet_proxy.rs
+++ b/runtime/tests/pallet_proxy.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
 #![allow(clippy::unwrap_used)]
 
-use codec::Encode;
-use frame_support::{BoundedVec, assert_ok, traits::InstanceFilter};
+use frame_support::{assert_ok, traits::InstanceFilter};
 use node_subtensor_runtime::{
     BalancesCall, BuildStorage, Proxy, Runtime, RuntimeCall, RuntimeEvent, RuntimeGenesisConfig,
     RuntimeOrigin, SubtensorModule, System, SystemCall,
 };
-use pallet_subtensor_collective as pallet_collective;
 use pallet_subtensor_proxy as pallet_proxy;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AccountId, NetUid, ProxyType};
 
@@ -28,15 +26,6 @@ pub fn new_test_ext() -> sp_io::TestExternalities {
             ],
             dev_accounts: None,
         },
-
-        triumvirate: pallet_collective::GenesisConfig {
-            members: vec![AccountId::from(ACCOUNT)],
-            phantom: Default::default(),
-        },
-        senate_members: pallet_membership::GenesisConfig {
-            members: BoundedVec::try_from(vec![AccountId::from(ACCOUNT)]).unwrap(),
-            phantom: Default::default(),
-        },
         ..Default::default()
     }
     .build_storage()
@@ -105,18 +94,6 @@ fn call_update_symbol() -> RuntimeCall {
     })
 }
 
-// critical call for Subtensor
-fn call_propose() -> RuntimeCall {
-    let proposal = call_remark();
-    let proposal_len: u32 = proposal.using_encoded(|p| p.len() as u32);
-
-    RuntimeCall::Triumvirate(pallet_collective::Call::propose {
-        proposal: Box::new(call_remark()),
-        length_bound: proposal_len,
-        duration: 100_000_000_u32,
-    })
-}
-
 // critical call for Subtensor
 fn call_root_register() -> RuntimeCall {
     RuntimeCall::SubtensorModule(pallet_subtensor::Call::root_register {
@@ -124,20 +101,6 @@ fn call_root_register() -> RuntimeCall {
     })
 }
 
-// triumvirate call
-fn call_triumvirate() -> RuntimeCall {
-    RuntimeCall::TriumvirateMembers(pallet_membership::Call::change_key {
-        new: AccountId::from(ACCOUNT).into(),
-    })
-}
-
-// senate call
-fn call_senate() -> RuntimeCall {
-    RuntimeCall::SenateMembers(pallet_membership::Call::change_key {
-        new: AccountId::from(ACCOUNT).into(),
-    })
-}
-
 // staking call
 fn call_add_stake() -> RuntimeCall {
     let netuid = NetUid::from(1);
@@ -205,10 +168,7 @@ fn test_proxy_pallet() {
         ProxyType::Owner,
         ProxyType::NonCritical,
         ProxyType::NonTransfer,
-        ProxyType::Senate,
         ProxyType::NonFungibile,
-        ProxyType::Triumvirate,
-        ProxyType::Governance,
         ProxyType::Staking,
         ProxyType::Registration,
     ];
@@ -217,10 +177,7 @@ fn test_proxy_pallet() {
         call_transfer,
         call_remark,
         call_owner_util,
-        call_propose,
         call_root_register,
-        call_triumvirate,
-        call_senate,
         call_add_stake,
         call_register,
     ];
diff --git a/support/linting/src/pallet_index.rs b/support/linting/src/pallet_index.rs
index 069c96f628..e14617be24 100644
--- a/support/linting/src/pallet_index.rs
+++ b/support/linting/src/pallet_index.rs
@@ -168,9 +168,6 @@ mod tests {
                 Balances : pallet_balances = 5,
                 TransactionPayment : pallet_transaction_payment = 6,
                 SubtensorModule : pallet_subtensor = 7,
-                Triumvirate : pallet_subtensor_collective::<Instance1>::{ Pallet, Call, Storage, Origin<T>, Event<T>, Config<T> } = 8,
-                TriumvirateMembers : pallet_membership::<Instance1>::{ Pallet, Call, Storage, Event<T>, Config<T> } = 9,
-                SenateMembers : pallet_membership::<Instance2>::{ Pallet, Call, Storage, Event<T>, Config<T> } = 10,
                 Utility : pallet_subtensor_utility = 11,
                 Sudo : pallet_sudo = 12,
                 Multisig : pallet_multisig = 13,
@@ -195,10 +192,6 @@ mod tests {
             pub enum Test {
                 System: frame_system::{Pallet, Call, Config<T>, Storage, Event<T>},
                 Balances: pallet_balances::{Pallet, Call, Config<T>, Storage, Event<T>},
-                Triumvirate: pallet_subtensor_collective::<Instance1>::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Origin<T>, Event<T>, Config<T>},
-                TriumvirateMembers: pallet_membership::<Instance1>::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Event<T>, Config<T>},
-                Senate: pallet_subtensor_collective::<Instance2>::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Origin<T>, Event<T>, Config<T>},
-                SenateMembers: pallet_membership::<Instance2>::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Event<T>, Config<T>},
                 SubtensorModule: pallet_subtensor::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Event<T>},
                 Utility: pallet_utility::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Event},
                 Scheduler: pallet_scheduler::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Event<T>},
@@ -284,10 +277,6 @@ mod tests {
             pub enum Test {
                 System: frame_system::{Pallet, Call, Config<T>, Storage, Event<T>} = 1,
                 Balances: pallet_balances::{Pallet, Call, Config<T>, Storage, Event<T>},
-                Triumvirate: pallet_subtensor_collective::<Instance1>::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Origin<T>, Event<T>, Config<T>} = 3,
-                TriumvirateMembers: pallet_membership::<Instance1>::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Event<T>, Config<T>} = 4,
-                Senate: pallet_subtensor_collective::<Instance2>::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Origin<T>, Event<T>, Config<T>} = 5,
-                SenateMembers: pallet_membership::<Instance2>::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Event<T>, Config<T>} = 6,
                 SubtensorModule: pallet_subtensor::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Event<T>} = 7,
                 Utility: pallet_utility::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Event} = 8,
                 Scheduler: pallet_scheduler::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Event<T>} = 9,
diff --git a/support/procedural-fork/src/runtime/parse/pallet_decl.rs b/support/procedural-fork/src/runtime/parse/pallet_decl.rs
index fab826eee7..ddc9a7ffe7 100644
--- a/support/procedural-fork/src/runtime/parse/pallet_decl.rs
+++ b/support/procedural-fork/src/runtime/parse/pallet_decl.rs
@@ -29,8 +29,7 @@ pub struct PalletDeclaration {
     /// The runtime parameter of the pallet, e.g. `Runtime` in
     /// `pub type System = frame_system::Pallet<Runtime>`.
     pub runtime_param: Option<Ident>,
-    /// The instance of the pallet, e.g. `Instance1` in `pub type Council =
-    /// pallet_collective<Instance1>`.
+    /// The instance of the pallet, e.g. `Instance1` in `pub type Council = pallet_collective<Instance1>`.
     pub instance: Option<Ident>,
 }
 
diff --git a/support/tools/src/bump_version.rs b/support/tools/src/bump_version.rs
index a16293c304..24e267f234 100644
--- a/support/tools/src/bump_version.rs
+++ b/support/tools/src/bump_version.rs
@@ -7,10 +7,9 @@ use std::{
 };
 use toml_edit::{DocumentMut, Item, Value};
 
-const TOML_PATHS: [&str; 9] = [
+const TOML_PATHS: [&str; 8] = [
     "support/macros",
     "pallets/commitments",
-    "pallets/collective",
     "pallets/registry",
     "pallets/subtensor",
     "pallets/subtensor/runtime-api",

From 514b354bb6a44ebd0d7d6c4e904f9a22ff83bc88 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Loris Moulin <contact@lorismoulin.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2025 19:15:44 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 121/218] cargo fmt

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/mod.rs | 2 +-
 runtime/src/lib.rs                      | 5 ++---
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/mod.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/mod.rs
index b41a66097a..db0b290661 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/mod.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/mod.rs
@@ -120,4 +120,4 @@ pub(crate) fn remove_prefix<T: Config>(module: &str, old_map: &str, weight: &mut
     log::info!("Removed {removed_entries_count:?} entries from {old_map:?} map.");
 
     *weight = (*weight).saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(removed_entries_count));
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/runtime/src/lib.rs b/runtime/src/lib.rs
index f3dba0eb41..389a01a983 100644
--- a/runtime/src/lib.rs
+++ b/runtime/src/lib.rs
@@ -616,8 +616,8 @@ impl InstanceFilter<RuntimeCall> for ProxyType {
                     | RuntimeCall::Sudo(..)
             ),
             ProxyType::Triumvirate => false, // deprecated
-            ProxyType::Senate => false, // deprecated
-            ProxyType::Governance => false, // deprecated
+            ProxyType::Senate => false,      // deprecated
+            ProxyType::Governance => false,  // deprecated
             ProxyType::Staking => matches!(
                 c,
                 RuntimeCall::SubtensorModule(pallet_subtensor::Call::add_stake { .. })
@@ -1522,7 +1522,6 @@ type Migrations = (
     pallet_subtensor::migrations::migrate_init_total_issuance::initialise_total_issuance::Migration<
         Runtime,
     >,
-    
     // Remove storage from removed governance pallets
     frame_support::migrations::RemovePallet<TriumviratePalletStr, RocksDbWeight>,
     frame_support::migrations::RemovePallet<TriumvirateMembersPalletStr, RocksDbWeight>,

From db3a0f091db5f85b5e0b6357a1f0a94b6db0fbcf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 15 Oct 2025 16:05:09 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 122/218] Add proxy type.

---
 common/src/lib.rs                           | 1 +
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs | 2 +-
 runtime/src/lib.rs                          | 4 ++++
 3 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/common/src/lib.rs b/common/src/lib.rs
index 590eb7fee3..7fe0624891 100644
--- a/common/src/lib.rs
+++ b/common/src/lib.rs
@@ -159,6 +159,7 @@ pub enum ProxyType {
     SudoUncheckedSetCode,
     SwapHotkey,
     SubnetLeaseBeneficiary, // Used to operate the leased subnet
+    RootClaim,
 }
 
 impl Default for ProxyType {
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
index e44ae0d00e..a400ca7fb9 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             log::warn!("Not enough root stake. NetUID = {netuid}");
 
             let owner = Owner::<T>::get(hotkey);
-            Self::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(&hotkey, &owner, netuid, amount);
+            Self::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(hotkey, &owner, netuid, amount);
             return;
         }
 
diff --git a/runtime/src/lib.rs b/runtime/src/lib.rs
index 5654def01c..6d4b8b1f7d 100644
--- a/runtime/src/lib.rs
+++ b/runtime/src/lib.rs
@@ -881,6 +881,10 @@ impl InstanceFilter<RuntimeCall> for ProxyType {
                         pallet_admin_utils::Call::sudo_set_toggle_transfer { .. }
                     )
             ),
+            ProxyType::RootClaim => matches!(
+                c,
+                RuntimeCall::SubtensorModule(pallet_subtensor::Call::claim_root { .. })
+            ),
         }
     }
     fn is_superset(&self, o: &Self) -> bool {

From 7da8c8195553dc2463bbf144249c893c93a07b7a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: camfairchild <cameron@opentensor.dev>
Date: Wed, 15 Oct 2025 11:35:22 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 123/218] add srtool scripts

---
 scripts/srtool/build-srtool-image.sh |  3 +++
 scripts/srtool/run-srtool.sh         | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 29 insertions(+)
 create mode 100755 scripts/srtool/build-srtool-image.sh
 create mode 100755 scripts/srtool/run-srtool.sh

diff --git a/scripts/srtool/build-srtool-image.sh b/scripts/srtool/build-srtool-image.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..d736fe8a1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/srtool/build-srtool-image.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+docker build --build-arg RUSTC_VERSION="1.85.0" -t srtool https://github.com/paritytech/srtool.git#refs/tags/v0.17.0
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/scripts/srtool/run-srtool.sh b/scripts/srtool/run-srtool.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..be6f7e1a90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/srtool/run-srtool.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+if [ -z "$CARGO_HOME" ]; then
+    echo "CARGO_HOME is not set"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+cd runtime # check for symlink
+if [ ! -L node-subtensor ]; then
+    ln -s . node-subtensor
+fi
+cd ..
+
+docker run --rm --user root --platform=linux/amd64 \
+    -e PACKAGE=node-subtensor-runtime \
+    -e BUILD_OPTS="--features=metadata-hash" \
+    -e PROFILE=production \
+    -v $CARGO_HOME:/cargo-home \
+    -v $(pwd):/build \
+    -it srtool bash -c "git config --global --add safe.directory /build && \
+             /srtool/build --app > /build/runtime/node-subtensor/srtool-output.log; \
+             BUILD_EXIT_CODE=\$?; \
+             if [ \"\$BUILD_EXIT_CODE\" -ne 0 ]; then \
+                    cat /build/runtime/node-subtensor/srtool-output.log; \
+                    exit \$BUILD_EXIT_CODE; \
+             fi && \
+             tail -n 1 /build/runtime/node-subtensor/srtool-output.log > /build/runtime/node-subtensor/subtensor-digest.json"
\ No newline at end of file

From fd23a5989bf88a939576cdc5fefa4af810ce0171 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: camfairchild <cameron@opentensor.dev>
Date: Wed, 15 Oct 2025 11:41:31 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 124/218] use diff env var

---
 scripts/srtool/run-srtool.sh | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/scripts/srtool/run-srtool.sh b/scripts/srtool/run-srtool.sh
index be6f7e1a90..4719f7a4bc 100755
--- a/scripts/srtool/run-srtool.sh
+++ b/scripts/srtool/run-srtool.sh
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ docker run --rm --user root --platform=linux/amd64 \
     -e PACKAGE=node-subtensor-runtime \
     -e BUILD_OPTS="--features=metadata-hash" \
     -e PROFILE=production \
-    -v $CARGO_HOME:/cargo-home \
+    -v $HOME/.cargo:/cargo-home \
     -v $(pwd):/build \
     -it srtool bash -c "git config --global --add safe.directory /build && \
              /srtool/build --app > /build/runtime/node-subtensor/srtool-output.log; \

From cf70929718ad29099c22f63e56638a86737f46b4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 15 Oct 2025 17:56:53 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 125/218] refactor(runtime): remove DoNotBreakSmartContractsV1
 trait

---
 runtime/src/lib.rs | 218 ---------------------------------------------
 1 file changed, 218 deletions(-)

diff --git a/runtime/src/lib.rs b/runtime/src/lib.rs
index fcb9ac626d..ba21b93211 100644
--- a/runtime/src/lib.rs
+++ b/runtime/src/lib.rs
@@ -1691,224 +1691,6 @@ impl Contains<RuntimeCall> for ContractCallFilter {
     }
 }
 
-/// Trait to prevent breaking changes to smart contract APIs.
-/// This trait mirrors all dispatchables exposed through ContractCallFilter.
-/// If any function signature changes, compilation will fail, alerting developers
-/// to potential breaking changes for smart contracts.
-pub trait DoNotBreakSmartContractsV1 {
-    fn add_stake(hotkey: AccountId32, netuid: NetUid, amount_staked: TaoCurrency) {
-        let _ = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<Runtime>::add_stake(
-            RuntimeOrigin::none(),
-            hotkey,
-            netuid,
-            amount_staked,
-        );
-    }
-
-    fn remove_stake(hotkey: AccountId32, netuid: NetUid, amount_unstaked: AlphaCurrency) {
-        let _ = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<Runtime>::remove_stake(
-            RuntimeOrigin::none(),
-            hotkey,
-            netuid,
-            amount_unstaked,
-        );
-    }
-
-    fn unstake_all(hotkey: AccountId32) {
-        let _ = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<Runtime>::unstake_all(RuntimeOrigin::none(), hotkey);
-    }
-
-    fn unstake_all_alpha(hotkey: AccountId32) {
-        let _ =
-            pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<Runtime>::unstake_all_alpha(RuntimeOrigin::none(), hotkey);
-    }
-
-    fn move_stake(
-        origin_hotkey: AccountId32,
-        destination_hotkey: AccountId32,
-        origin_netuid: NetUid,
-        destination_netuid: NetUid,
-        alpha_amount: AlphaCurrency,
-    ) {
-        let _ = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<Runtime>::move_stake(
-            RuntimeOrigin::none(),
-            origin_hotkey,
-            destination_hotkey,
-            origin_netuid,
-            destination_netuid,
-            alpha_amount,
-        );
-    }
-
-    fn transfer_stake(
-        destination_coldkey: AccountId32,
-        hotkey: AccountId32,
-        origin_netuid: NetUid,
-        destination_netuid: NetUid,
-        alpha_amount: AlphaCurrency,
-    ) {
-        let _ = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<Runtime>::transfer_stake(
-            RuntimeOrigin::none(),
-            destination_coldkey,
-            hotkey,
-            origin_netuid,
-            destination_netuid,
-            alpha_amount,
-        );
-    }
-
-    fn swap_stake(
-        hotkey: AccountId32,
-        origin_netuid: NetUid,
-        destination_netuid: NetUid,
-        alpha_amount: AlphaCurrency,
-    ) {
-        let _ = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<Runtime>::swap_stake(
-            RuntimeOrigin::none(),
-            hotkey,
-            origin_netuid,
-            destination_netuid,
-            alpha_amount,
-        );
-    }
-
-    fn add_stake_limit(
-        hotkey: AccountId32,
-        netuid: NetUid,
-        amount_staked: TaoCurrency,
-        limit_price: TaoCurrency,
-        allow_partial: bool,
-    ) {
-        let _ = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<Runtime>::add_stake_limit(
-            RuntimeOrigin::none(),
-            hotkey,
-            netuid,
-            amount_staked,
-            limit_price,
-            allow_partial,
-        );
-    }
-
-    fn remove_stake_limit(
-        hotkey: AccountId32,
-        netuid: NetUid,
-        amount_unstaked: AlphaCurrency,
-        limit_price: TaoCurrency,
-        allow_partial: bool,
-    ) {
-        let _ = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<Runtime>::remove_stake_limit(
-            RuntimeOrigin::none(),
-            hotkey,
-            netuid,
-            amount_unstaked,
-            limit_price,
-            allow_partial,
-        );
-    }
-
-    fn swap_stake_limit(
-        hotkey: AccountId32,
-        origin_netuid: NetUid,
-        destination_netuid: NetUid,
-        alpha_amount: AlphaCurrency,
-        limit_price: TaoCurrency,
-        allow_partial: bool,
-    ) {
-        let _ = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<Runtime>::swap_stake_limit(
-            RuntimeOrigin::none(),
-            hotkey,
-            origin_netuid,
-            destination_netuid,
-            alpha_amount,
-            limit_price,
-            allow_partial,
-        );
-    }
-
-    fn remove_stake_full_limit(
-        hotkey: AccountId32,
-        netuid: NetUid,
-        limit_price: Option<TaoCurrency>,
-    ) {
-        let _ = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<Runtime>::remove_stake_full_limit(
-            RuntimeOrigin::none(),
-            hotkey,
-            netuid,
-            limit_price,
-        );
-    }
-
-    fn set_coldkey_auto_stake_hotkey(netuid: NetUid, hotkey: AccountId32) {
-        let _ = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<Runtime>::set_coldkey_auto_stake_hotkey(
-            RuntimeOrigin::none(),
-            netuid,
-            hotkey,
-        );
-    }
-
-    fn proxy(real: AccountId32, force_proxy_type: Option<ProxyType>, call: Box<RuntimeCall>) {
-        if let Some(proxy_type) = force_proxy_type {
-            match proxy_type {
-                ProxyType::Any => {}
-                ProxyType::Owner => {}
-                ProxyType::NonCritical => {}
-                ProxyType::NonTransfer => {}
-                ProxyType::Senate => {}
-                ProxyType::NonFungibile => {}
-                ProxyType::Triumvirate => {}
-                ProxyType::Governance => {}
-                ProxyType::Staking => {}
-                ProxyType::Registration => {}
-                ProxyType::Transfer => {}
-                ProxyType::SmallTransfer => {}
-                ProxyType::RootWeights => {}
-                ProxyType::ChildKeys => {}
-                ProxyType::SudoUncheckedSetCode => {}
-                ProxyType::SwapHotkey => {}
-                ProxyType::SubnetLeaseBeneficiary => {}
-            }
-        };
-
-        let real_lookup = sp_runtime::MultiAddress::Id(real);
-        let _ = pallet_proxy::Pallet::<Runtime>::proxy(
-            RuntimeOrigin::none(),
-            real_lookup,
-            force_proxy_type,
-            call,
-        );
-    }
-
-    fn add_proxy(delegate: AccountId32, proxy_type: ProxyType, delay: BlockNumber) {
-        match proxy_type {
-            ProxyType::Any => {}
-            ProxyType::Owner => {}
-            ProxyType::NonCritical => {}
-            ProxyType::NonTransfer => {}
-            ProxyType::Senate => {}
-            ProxyType::NonFungibile => {}
-            ProxyType::Triumvirate => {}
-            ProxyType::Governance => {}
-            ProxyType::Staking => {}
-            ProxyType::Registration => {}
-            ProxyType::Transfer => {}
-            ProxyType::SmallTransfer => {}
-            ProxyType::RootWeights => {}
-            ProxyType::ChildKeys => {}
-            ProxyType::SudoUncheckedSetCode => {}
-            ProxyType::SwapHotkey => {}
-            ProxyType::SubnetLeaseBeneficiary => {}
-        }
-
-        let delegate_lookup = sp_runtime::MultiAddress::Id(delegate);
-        let _ = pallet_proxy::Pallet::<Runtime>::add_proxy(
-            RuntimeOrigin::none(),
-            delegate_lookup,
-            proxy_type,
-            delay,
-        );
-    }
-}
-
 impl pallet_contracts::Config for Runtime {
     type Time = Timestamp;
     type Randomness = RandomnessCollectiveFlip;

From cf3009411c1e3774df95b776437432a9a1649166 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 15 Oct 2025 18:02:57 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 126/218] build: add chain-extensions workspace member

---
 Cargo.lock | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
 Cargo.toml |  3 +++
 2 files changed, 23 insertions(+)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 2d60bd481e..a59c1404b2 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -17954,6 +17954,26 @@ dependencies = [
  "walkdir",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "subtensor-chain-extensions"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "frame-support",
+ "frame-system",
+ "log",
+ "num_enum",
+ "pallet-contracts 40.1.0",
+ "pallet-subtensor",
+ "pallet-subtensor-swap",
+ "parity-scale-codec",
+ "scale-info",
+ "sp-core",
+ "sp-io",
+ "sp-runtime",
+ "sp-std",
+ "subtensor-runtime-common",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "subtensor-custom-rpc"
 version = "0.0.2"
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index eaae00515f..9a58966642 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ members = [
 	"primitives/*",
 	"runtime",
 	"support/*",
+	"chain-extensions",
 ]
 resolver = "2"
 
@@ -69,6 +70,7 @@ subtensor-precompiles = { default-features = false, path = "precompiles" }
 subtensor-runtime-common = { default-features = false, path = "common" }
 subtensor-swap-interface = { default-features = false, path = "pallets/swap-interface" }
 subtensor-transaction-fee = { default-features = false, path = "pallets/transaction-fee" }
+subtensor-chain-extensions = { default-features = false, path = "chain-extensions" }
 
 ed25519-dalek = { version = "2.1.0", default-features = false }
 async-trait = "0.1"
@@ -116,6 +118,7 @@ expander = "2"
 ahash = { version = "0.8", default-features = false }
 regex = { version = "1.11.1", default-features = false }
 ethereum = { version = "0.18.2", default-features = false }
+num_enum = { version = "0.7.4", default-features = false }
 
 frame = { package = "polkadot-sdk-frame", git = "https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk.git", tag = "polkadot-stable2503-6", default-features = false }
 frame-benchmarking = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk.git", tag = "polkadot-stable2503-6", default-features = false }

From da84eedf8213fdd0bf353b12337db7172dfd80de Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 15 Oct 2025 18:03:17 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 127/218] feat(chain-extensions): add chain extensions crate

---
 chain-extensions/Cargo.toml | 48 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 48 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 chain-extensions/Cargo.toml

diff --git a/chain-extensions/Cargo.toml b/chain-extensions/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f4dcd988c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chain-extensions/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+[package]
+name = "subtensor-chain-extensions"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition.workspace = true
+authors = ['Francisco Silva <francisco@taostats.io>']
+homepage = "https://taostats.io/"
+publish = false
+repository = "https://github.com/opentensor/subtensor/"
+
+[package.metadata.docs.rs]
+targets = ["x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"]
+
+[dependencies]
+frame-support.workspace = true
+frame-system.workspace = true
+log.workspace = true
+sp-core.workspace = true
+sp-io.workspace = true
+sp-runtime.workspace = true
+sp-std.workspace = true
+codec = { workspace = true, features = ["derive"] }
+scale-info = { workspace = true, features = ["derive"] }
+subtensor-runtime-common.workspace = true
+pallet-contracts.workspace = true
+pallet-subtensor.workspace = true
+pallet-subtensor-swap.workspace = true
+num_enum.workspace = true
+
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
+[features]
+default = ["std"]
+std = [
+	"frame-support/std",
+	"frame-system/std",
+	"log/std",
+	"sp-core/std",
+	"sp-io/std",
+	"sp-runtime/std",
+	"sp-std/std",
+	"codec/std",
+	"scale-info/std",
+	"subtensor-runtime-common/std",
+	"pallet-contracts/std",
+	"pallet-subtensor/std",
+	"pallet-subtensor-swap/std",
+]

From 7e7c364258a41eeac52f483a0c9b49bfe4c7da45 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 15 Oct 2025 18:03:46 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 128/218] feat(chain-extensions): add FunctionId and Outcome
 types

Define chain extension function IDs for staking operations and outcome
codes for error handling
---
 chain-extensions/src/types.rs | 84 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 84 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 chain-extensions/src/types.rs

diff --git a/chain-extensions/src/types.rs b/chain-extensions/src/types.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..de98567e52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chain-extensions/src/types.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+use codec::{Decode, Encode};
+use num_enum::{IntoPrimitive, TryFromPrimitive};
+use sp_runtime::{DispatchError, ModuleError};
+
+#[repr(u16)]
+#[derive(TryFromPrimitive, IntoPrimitive, Decode, Encode)]
+pub enum FunctionId {
+    GetStakeInfoForHotkeyColdkeyNetuidV1 = 0,
+    AddStakeV1 = 1,
+    RemoveStakeV1 = 2,
+    UnstakeAllV1 = 3,
+    UnstakeAllAlphaV1 = 4,
+    MoveStakeV1 = 5,
+    TransferStakeV1 = 6,
+    SwapStakeV1 = 7,
+    AddStakeLimitV1 = 8,
+    RemoveStakeLimitV1 = 9,
+    SwapStakeLimitV1 = 10,
+    RemoveStakeFullLimitV1 = 11,
+    SetColdkeyAutoStakeHotkeyV1 = 12,
+}
+
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Copy, Clone, Encode, Decode, Debug)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "std", derive(scale_info::TypeInfo))]
+pub enum Outcome {
+    /// Success
+    Success = 0,
+    /// Unknown error
+    RuntimeError = 1,
+    /// Not enough balance to stake
+    NotEnoughBalanceToStake = 2,
+    /// Coldkey is not associated with the hotkey
+    NonAssociatedColdKey = 3,
+    /// Error withdrawing balance
+    BalanceWithdrawalError = 4,
+    /// Hotkey is not registered
+    NotRegistered = 5,
+    /// Not enough stake to withdraw
+    NotEnoughStakeToWithdraw = 6,
+    /// Transaction rate limit exceeded
+    TxRateLimitExceeded = 7,
+    /// Slippage is too high for the transaction
+    SlippageTooHigh = 8,
+    /// Subnet does not exist
+    SubnetNotExists = 9,
+    /// Hotkey is not registered in subnet
+    HotKeyNotRegisteredInSubNet = 10,
+    /// Same auto stake hotkey already set
+    SameAutoStakeHotkeyAlreadySet = 11,
+    /// Insufficient balance
+    InsufficientBalance = 12,
+    /// Amount is too low
+    AmountTooLow = 13,
+    /// Insufficient liquidity
+    InsufficientLiquidity = 14,
+    /// Same netuid
+    SameNetuid = 15,
+}
+
+impl From<DispatchError> for Outcome {
+    fn from(input: DispatchError) -> Self {
+        let error_text = match input {
+            DispatchError::Module(ModuleError { message, .. }) => message,
+            _ => Some("No module error Info"),
+        };
+        match error_text {
+            Some("NotEnoughBalanceToStake") => Outcome::NotEnoughBalanceToStake,
+            Some("NonAssociatedColdKey") => Outcome::NonAssociatedColdKey,
+            Some("BalanceWithdrawalError") => Outcome::BalanceWithdrawalError,
+            Some("HotKeyNotRegisteredInSubNet") => Outcome::NotRegistered,
+            Some("HotKeyAccountNotExists") => Outcome::NotRegistered,
+            Some("NotEnoughStakeToWithdraw") => Outcome::NotEnoughStakeToWithdraw,
+            Some("TxRateLimitExceeded") => Outcome::TxRateLimitExceeded,
+            Some("SlippageTooHigh") => Outcome::SlippageTooHigh,
+            Some("SubnetNotExists") => Outcome::SubnetNotExists,
+            Some("SameAutoStakeHotkeyAlreadySet") => Outcome::SameAutoStakeHotkeyAlreadySet,
+            Some("InsufficientBalance") => Outcome::InsufficientBalance,
+            Some("AmountTooLow") => Outcome::AmountTooLow,
+            Some("InsufficientLiquidity") => Outcome::InsufficientLiquidity,
+            Some("SameNetuid") => Outcome::SameNetuid,
+            _ => Outcome::RuntimeError,
+        }
+    }
+}

From bab0039eeafef7518c723f4a0485189f637adeac Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 15 Oct 2025 18:04:17 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 129/218] feat(chain-extensions): implement staking chain
 extensions

Expose 12 subtensor pallet functions to smart contracts:
- GetStakeInfoForHotkeyColdkeyNetuidV1 (query)
- AddStakeV1, RemoveStakeV1
- UnstakeAllV1, UnstakeAllAlphaV1
- MoveStakeV1, TransferStakeV1, SwapStakeV1
- AddStakeLimitV1, RemoveStakeLimitV1, SwapStakeLimitV1
- RemoveStakeFullLimitV1, SetColdkeyAutoStakeHotkeyV1
---
 chain-extensions/src/lib.rs | 409 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 409 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 chain-extensions/src/lib.rs

diff --git a/chain-extensions/src/lib.rs b/chain-extensions/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a8e09afea1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chain-extensions/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,409 @@
+mod types;
+
+use crate::types::{FunctionId, Outcome};
+use codec::Encode;
+use frame_support::{DebugNoBound, traits::Get};
+use frame_system::RawOrigin;
+use pallet_contracts::chain_extension::{
+    ChainExtension, Environment, Ext, InitState, RetVal, SysConfig,
+};
+use sp_runtime::{DispatchError, Weight, traits::StaticLookup};
+use sp_std::marker::PhantomData;
+use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
+
+#[derive(DebugNoBound)]
+pub struct SubtensorChainExtension<T>(PhantomData<T>);
+
+impl<T> ChainExtension<T> for SubtensorChainExtension<T>
+where
+    T: pallet_subtensor::Config + pallet_contracts::Config,
+    <<T as SysConfig>::Lookup as StaticLookup>::Source: From<<T as SysConfig>::AccountId>,
+{
+    fn call<E>(&mut self, env: Environment<E, InitState>) -> Result<RetVal, DispatchError>
+    where
+        E: Ext<T = T>,
+    {
+        let mut env = env.buf_in_buf_out();
+        let func_id = env.func_id().try_into().map_err(|_| {
+            DispatchError::Other(
+                "Invalid function id - does not correspond to any registered function",
+            )
+        })?;
+
+        match func_id {
+            FunctionId::GetStakeInfoForHotkeyColdkeyNetuidV1 => {
+                let input: (T::AccountId, T::AccountId, NetUid) = env
+                    .read_as()
+                    .map_err(|_| DispatchError::Other("Failed to decode input parameters"))?;
+                let (hotkey, coldkey, netuid) = input;
+
+                let stake_info =
+                    pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::get_stake_info_for_hotkey_coldkey_netuid(
+                        hotkey, coldkey, netuid,
+                    );
+
+                let encoded_result = stake_info.encode();
+
+                env.write(&encoded_result, false, None)
+                    .map_err(|_| DispatchError::Other("Failed to write output"))?;
+
+                Ok(RetVal::Converging(0))
+            }
+            // Weights are copied from the pallet calls. Use `WeightInfo` when available.
+            FunctionId::AddStakeV1 => {
+                let weight = Weight::from_parts(340_800_000, 0)
+                    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(24_u64))
+                    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(15));
+
+                env.charge_weight(weight)?;
+
+                let input: (T::AccountId, NetUid, TaoCurrency) = env
+                    .read_as()
+                    .map_err(|_| DispatchError::Other("Failed to decode input parameters"))?;
+                let (hotkey, netuid, amount_staked) = input;
+
+                let call_result = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::add_stake(
+                    RawOrigin::Signed(env.ext().address().clone()).into(),
+                    hotkey,
+                    netuid,
+                    amount_staked,
+                );
+
+                match call_result {
+                    Ok(_) => Ok(RetVal::Converging(Outcome::Success as u32)),
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        let error_code = Outcome::from(e) as u32;
+                        Ok(RetVal::Converging(error_code))
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            FunctionId::RemoveStakeV1 => {
+                let weight = Weight::from_parts(196_800_000, 0)
+                    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(19))
+                    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(10));
+
+                env.charge_weight(weight)?;
+
+                let input: (T::AccountId, NetUid, AlphaCurrency) = env
+                    .read_as()
+                    .map_err(|_| DispatchError::Other("Failed to decode input parameters"))?;
+                let (hotkey, netuid, amount_unstaked) = input;
+
+                let call_result = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::remove_stake(
+                    RawOrigin::Signed(env.ext().address().clone()).into(),
+                    hotkey,
+                    netuid,
+                    amount_unstaked,
+                );
+
+                match call_result {
+                    Ok(_) => Ok(RetVal::Converging(Outcome::Success as u32)),
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        let error_code = Outcome::from(e) as u32;
+                        Ok(RetVal::Converging(error_code))
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            FunctionId::UnstakeAllV1 => {
+                let weight = Weight::from_parts(28_830_000, 0)
+                    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(6))
+                    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(0));
+
+                env.charge_weight(weight)?;
+
+                let hotkey: T::AccountId = env
+                    .read_as()
+                    .map_err(|_| DispatchError::Other("Failed to decode input parameters"))?;
+
+                let call_result = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::unstake_all(
+                    RawOrigin::Signed(env.ext().address().clone()).into(),
+                    hotkey,
+                );
+
+                match call_result {
+                    Ok(_) => Ok(RetVal::Converging(Outcome::Success as u32)),
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        let error_code = Outcome::from(e) as u32;
+                        Ok(RetVal::Converging(error_code))
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            FunctionId::UnstakeAllAlphaV1 => {
+                let weight = Weight::from_parts(358_500_000, 0)
+                    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(36_u64))
+                    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(21_u64));
+
+                env.charge_weight(weight)?;
+
+                let hotkey: T::AccountId = env
+                    .read_as()
+                    .map_err(|_| DispatchError::Other("Failed to decode input parameters"))?;
+
+                let call_result = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::unstake_all_alpha(
+                    RawOrigin::Signed(env.ext().address().clone()).into(),
+                    hotkey,
+                );
+
+                match call_result {
+                    Ok(_) => Ok(RetVal::Converging(Outcome::Success as u32)),
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        let error_code = Outcome::from(e) as u32;
+                        Ok(RetVal::Converging(error_code))
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            FunctionId::MoveStakeV1 => {
+                let weight = Weight::from_parts(164_300_000, 0)
+                    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(15_u64))
+                    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(7_u64));
+
+                env.charge_weight(weight)?;
+
+                let input: (T::AccountId, T::AccountId, NetUid, NetUid, AlphaCurrency) = env
+                    .read_as()
+                    .map_err(|_| DispatchError::Other("Failed to decode input parameters"))?;
+                let (
+                    origin_hotkey,
+                    destination_hotkey,
+                    origin_netuid,
+                    destination_netuid,
+                    alpha_amount,
+                ) = input;
+
+                let call_result = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::move_stake(
+                    RawOrigin::Signed(env.ext().address().clone()).into(),
+                    origin_hotkey,
+                    destination_hotkey,
+                    origin_netuid,
+                    destination_netuid,
+                    alpha_amount,
+                );
+
+                match call_result {
+                    Ok(_) => Ok(RetVal::Converging(Outcome::Success as u32)),
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        let error_code = Outcome::from(e) as u32;
+                        Ok(RetVal::Converging(error_code))
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            FunctionId::TransferStakeV1 => {
+                let weight = Weight::from_parts(160_300_000, 0)
+                    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(13_u64))
+                    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(6_u64));
+
+                env.charge_weight(weight)?;
+
+                let input: (T::AccountId, T::AccountId, NetUid, NetUid, AlphaCurrency) = env
+                    .read_as()
+                    .map_err(|_| DispatchError::Other("Failed to decode input parameters"))?;
+                let (destination_coldkey, hotkey, origin_netuid, destination_netuid, alpha_amount) =
+                    input;
+
+                let call_result = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::transfer_stake(
+                    RawOrigin::Signed(env.ext().address().clone()).into(),
+                    destination_coldkey,
+                    hotkey,
+                    origin_netuid,
+                    destination_netuid,
+                    alpha_amount,
+                );
+
+                match call_result {
+                    Ok(_) => Ok(RetVal::Converging(Outcome::Success as u32)),
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        let error_code = Outcome::from(e) as u32;
+                        Ok(RetVal::Converging(error_code))
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            FunctionId::SwapStakeV1 => {
+                let weight = Weight::from_parts(351_300_000, 0)
+                    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(35_u64))
+                    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(22_u64));
+
+                env.charge_weight(weight)?;
+
+                let input: (T::AccountId, NetUid, NetUid, AlphaCurrency) = env
+                    .read_as()
+                    .map_err(|_| DispatchError::Other("Failed to decode input parameters"))?;
+                let (hotkey, origin_netuid, destination_netuid, alpha_amount) = input;
+
+                let call_result = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::swap_stake(
+                    RawOrigin::Signed(env.ext().address().clone()).into(),
+                    hotkey,
+                    origin_netuid,
+                    destination_netuid,
+                    alpha_amount,
+                );
+
+                match call_result {
+                    Ok(_) => Ok(RetVal::Converging(Outcome::Success as u32)),
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        let error_code = Outcome::from(e) as u32;
+                        Ok(RetVal::Converging(error_code))
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            FunctionId::AddStakeLimitV1 => {
+                let weight = Weight::from_parts(402_900_000, 0)
+                    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(24_u64))
+                    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(15));
+
+                env.charge_weight(weight)?;
+
+                let input: (T::AccountId, NetUid, TaoCurrency, TaoCurrency, bool) =
+                    env.read_as()
+                        .map_err(|_| DispatchError::Other("Failed to decode input parameters"))?;
+                let (hotkey, netuid, amount_staked, limit_price, allow_partial) = input;
+
+                let call_result = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::add_stake_limit(
+                    RawOrigin::Signed(env.ext().address().clone()).into(),
+                    hotkey,
+                    netuid,
+                    amount_staked,
+                    limit_price,
+                    allow_partial,
+                );
+
+                match call_result {
+                    Ok(_) => Ok(RetVal::Converging(Outcome::Success as u32)),
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        let error_code = Outcome::from(e) as u32;
+                        Ok(RetVal::Converging(error_code))
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            FunctionId::RemoveStakeLimitV1 => {
+                let weight = Weight::from_parts(377_400_000, 0)
+                    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(28_u64))
+                    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(14));
+
+                env.charge_weight(weight)?;
+
+                let input: (T::AccountId, NetUid, AlphaCurrency, TaoCurrency, bool) = env
+                    .read_as()
+                    .map_err(|_| DispatchError::Other("Failed to decode input parameters"))?;
+                let (hotkey, netuid, amount_unstaked, limit_price, allow_partial) = input;
+
+                let call_result = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::remove_stake_limit(
+                    RawOrigin::Signed(env.ext().address().clone()).into(),
+                    hotkey,
+                    netuid,
+                    amount_unstaked,
+                    limit_price,
+                    allow_partial,
+                );
+
+                match call_result {
+                    Ok(_) => Ok(RetVal::Converging(Outcome::Success as u32)),
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        let error_code = Outcome::from(e) as u32;
+                        Ok(RetVal::Converging(error_code))
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            FunctionId::SwapStakeLimitV1 => {
+                let weight = Weight::from_parts(411_500_000, 0)
+                    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(35_u64))
+                    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(22_u64));
+
+                env.charge_weight(weight)?;
+
+                let input: (
+                    T::AccountId,
+                    NetUid,
+                    NetUid,
+                    AlphaCurrency,
+                    TaoCurrency,
+                    bool,
+                ) = env
+                    .read_as()
+                    .map_err(|_| DispatchError::Other("Failed to decode input parameters"))?;
+                let (
+                    hotkey,
+                    origin_netuid,
+                    destination_netuid,
+                    alpha_amount,
+                    limit_price,
+                    allow_partial,
+                ) = input;
+
+                let call_result = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::swap_stake_limit(
+                    RawOrigin::Signed(env.ext().address().clone()).into(),
+                    hotkey,
+                    origin_netuid,
+                    destination_netuid,
+                    alpha_amount,
+                    limit_price,
+                    allow_partial,
+                );
+
+                match call_result {
+                    Ok(_) => Ok(RetVal::Converging(Outcome::Success as u32)),
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        let error_code = Outcome::from(e) as u32;
+                        Ok(RetVal::Converging(error_code))
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            FunctionId::RemoveStakeFullLimitV1 => {
+                let weight = Weight::from_parts(395_300_000, 0)
+                    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(28_u64))
+                    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(14_u64));
+
+                env.charge_weight(weight)?;
+
+                let input: (T::AccountId, NetUid, Option<TaoCurrency>) = env
+                    .read_as()
+                    .map_err(|_| DispatchError::Other("Failed to decode input parameters"))?;
+                let (hotkey, netuid, limit_price) = input;
+
+                let call_result = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::remove_stake_full_limit(
+                    RawOrigin::Signed(env.ext().address().clone()).into(),
+                    hotkey,
+                    netuid,
+                    limit_price,
+                );
+
+                match call_result {
+                    Ok(_) => Ok(RetVal::Converging(Outcome::Success as u32)),
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        let error_code = Outcome::from(e) as u32;
+                        Ok(RetVal::Converging(error_code))
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            FunctionId::SetColdkeyAutoStakeHotkeyV1 => {
+                let weight = Weight::from_parts(29_930_000, 0)
+                    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(4_u64))
+                    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(2_u64));
+
+                env.charge_weight(weight)?;
+
+                let input: (NetUid, T::AccountId) = env
+                    .read_as()
+                    .map_err(|_| DispatchError::Other("Failed to decode input parameters"))?;
+                let (netuid, hotkey) = input;
+
+                let call_result = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::set_coldkey_auto_stake_hotkey(
+                    RawOrigin::Signed(env.ext().address().clone()).into(),
+                    netuid,
+                    hotkey,
+                );
+
+                match call_result {
+                    Ok(_) => Ok(RetVal::Converging(Outcome::Success as u32)),
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        let error_code = Outcome::from(e) as u32;
+                        Ok(RetVal::Converging(error_code))
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn enabled() -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+}

From 3724e33a7f046f8d932b0ef76e6acb2e07a9760d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 15 Oct 2025 18:05:32 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 130/218] refactor(chain-ext): rename Outcome to Output

---
 chain-extensions/src/lib.rs   | 50 +++++++++++++++++------------------
 chain-extensions/src/types.rs | 34 ++++++++++++------------
 2 files changed, 42 insertions(+), 42 deletions(-)

diff --git a/chain-extensions/src/lib.rs b/chain-extensions/src/lib.rs
index a8e09afea1..6d5febf669 100644
--- a/chain-extensions/src/lib.rs
+++ b/chain-extensions/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 mod types;
 
-use crate::types::{FunctionId, Outcome};
+use crate::types::{FunctionId, Output};
 use codec::Encode;
 use frame_support::{DebugNoBound, traits::Get};
 use frame_system::RawOrigin;
@@ -70,9 +70,9 @@ where
                 );
 
                 match call_result {
-                    Ok(_) => Ok(RetVal::Converging(Outcome::Success as u32)),
+                    Ok(_) => Ok(RetVal::Converging(Output::Success as u32)),
                     Err(e) => {
-                        let error_code = Outcome::from(e) as u32;
+                        let error_code = Output::from(e) as u32;
                         Ok(RetVal::Converging(error_code))
                     }
                 }
@@ -97,9 +97,9 @@ where
                 );
 
                 match call_result {
-                    Ok(_) => Ok(RetVal::Converging(Outcome::Success as u32)),
+                    Ok(_) => Ok(RetVal::Converging(Output::Success as u32)),
                     Err(e) => {
-                        let error_code = Outcome::from(e) as u32;
+                        let error_code = Output::from(e) as u32;
                         Ok(RetVal::Converging(error_code))
                     }
                 }
@@ -121,9 +121,9 @@ where
                 );
 
                 match call_result {
-                    Ok(_) => Ok(RetVal::Converging(Outcome::Success as u32)),
+                    Ok(_) => Ok(RetVal::Converging(Output::Success as u32)),
                     Err(e) => {
-                        let error_code = Outcome::from(e) as u32;
+                        let error_code = Output::from(e) as u32;
                         Ok(RetVal::Converging(error_code))
                     }
                 }
@@ -145,9 +145,9 @@ where
                 );
 
                 match call_result {
-                    Ok(_) => Ok(RetVal::Converging(Outcome::Success as u32)),
+                    Ok(_) => Ok(RetVal::Converging(Output::Success as u32)),
                     Err(e) => {
-                        let error_code = Outcome::from(e) as u32;
+                        let error_code = Output::from(e) as u32;
                         Ok(RetVal::Converging(error_code))
                     }
                 }
@@ -180,9 +180,9 @@ where
                 );
 
                 match call_result {
-                    Ok(_) => Ok(RetVal::Converging(Outcome::Success as u32)),
+                    Ok(_) => Ok(RetVal::Converging(Output::Success as u32)),
                     Err(e) => {
-                        let error_code = Outcome::from(e) as u32;
+                        let error_code = Output::from(e) as u32;
                         Ok(RetVal::Converging(error_code))
                     }
                 }
@@ -210,9 +210,9 @@ where
                 );
 
                 match call_result {
-                    Ok(_) => Ok(RetVal::Converging(Outcome::Success as u32)),
+                    Ok(_) => Ok(RetVal::Converging(Output::Success as u32)),
                     Err(e) => {
-                        let error_code = Outcome::from(e) as u32;
+                        let error_code = Output::from(e) as u32;
                         Ok(RetVal::Converging(error_code))
                     }
                 }
@@ -238,9 +238,9 @@ where
                 );
 
                 match call_result {
-                    Ok(_) => Ok(RetVal::Converging(Outcome::Success as u32)),
+                    Ok(_) => Ok(RetVal::Converging(Output::Success as u32)),
                     Err(e) => {
-                        let error_code = Outcome::from(e) as u32;
+                        let error_code = Output::from(e) as u32;
                         Ok(RetVal::Converging(error_code))
                     }
                 }
@@ -267,9 +267,9 @@ where
                 );
 
                 match call_result {
-                    Ok(_) => Ok(RetVal::Converging(Outcome::Success as u32)),
+                    Ok(_) => Ok(RetVal::Converging(Output::Success as u32)),
                     Err(e) => {
-                        let error_code = Outcome::from(e) as u32;
+                        let error_code = Output::from(e) as u32;
                         Ok(RetVal::Converging(error_code))
                     }
                 }
@@ -296,9 +296,9 @@ where
                 );
 
                 match call_result {
-                    Ok(_) => Ok(RetVal::Converging(Outcome::Success as u32)),
+                    Ok(_) => Ok(RetVal::Converging(Output::Success as u32)),
                     Err(e) => {
-                        let error_code = Outcome::from(e) as u32;
+                        let error_code = Output::from(e) as u32;
                         Ok(RetVal::Converging(error_code))
                     }
                 }
@@ -340,9 +340,9 @@ where
                 );
 
                 match call_result {
-                    Ok(_) => Ok(RetVal::Converging(Outcome::Success as u32)),
+                    Ok(_) => Ok(RetVal::Converging(Output::Success as u32)),
                     Err(e) => {
-                        let error_code = Outcome::from(e) as u32;
+                        let error_code = Output::from(e) as u32;
                         Ok(RetVal::Converging(error_code))
                     }
                 }
@@ -367,9 +367,9 @@ where
                 );
 
                 match call_result {
-                    Ok(_) => Ok(RetVal::Converging(Outcome::Success as u32)),
+                    Ok(_) => Ok(RetVal::Converging(Output::Success as u32)),
                     Err(e) => {
-                        let error_code = Outcome::from(e) as u32;
+                        let error_code = Output::from(e) as u32;
                         Ok(RetVal::Converging(error_code))
                     }
                 }
@@ -393,9 +393,9 @@ where
                 );
 
                 match call_result {
-                    Ok(_) => Ok(RetVal::Converging(Outcome::Success as u32)),
+                    Ok(_) => Ok(RetVal::Converging(Output::Success as u32)),
                     Err(e) => {
-                        let error_code = Outcome::from(e) as u32;
+                        let error_code = Output::from(e) as u32;
                         Ok(RetVal::Converging(error_code))
                     }
                 }
diff --git a/chain-extensions/src/types.rs b/chain-extensions/src/types.rs
index de98567e52..aa7154867f 100644
--- a/chain-extensions/src/types.rs
+++ b/chain-extensions/src/types.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ pub enum FunctionId {
 
 #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Copy, Clone, Encode, Decode, Debug)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "std", derive(scale_info::TypeInfo))]
-pub enum Outcome {
+pub enum Output {
     /// Success
     Success = 0,
     /// Unknown error
@@ -57,28 +57,28 @@ pub enum Outcome {
     SameNetuid = 15,
 }
 
-impl From<DispatchError> for Outcome {
+impl From<DispatchError> for Output {
     fn from(input: DispatchError) -> Self {
         let error_text = match input {
             DispatchError::Module(ModuleError { message, .. }) => message,
             _ => Some("No module error Info"),
         };
         match error_text {
-            Some("NotEnoughBalanceToStake") => Outcome::NotEnoughBalanceToStake,
-            Some("NonAssociatedColdKey") => Outcome::NonAssociatedColdKey,
-            Some("BalanceWithdrawalError") => Outcome::BalanceWithdrawalError,
-            Some("HotKeyNotRegisteredInSubNet") => Outcome::NotRegistered,
-            Some("HotKeyAccountNotExists") => Outcome::NotRegistered,
-            Some("NotEnoughStakeToWithdraw") => Outcome::NotEnoughStakeToWithdraw,
-            Some("TxRateLimitExceeded") => Outcome::TxRateLimitExceeded,
-            Some("SlippageTooHigh") => Outcome::SlippageTooHigh,
-            Some("SubnetNotExists") => Outcome::SubnetNotExists,
-            Some("SameAutoStakeHotkeyAlreadySet") => Outcome::SameAutoStakeHotkeyAlreadySet,
-            Some("InsufficientBalance") => Outcome::InsufficientBalance,
-            Some("AmountTooLow") => Outcome::AmountTooLow,
-            Some("InsufficientLiquidity") => Outcome::InsufficientLiquidity,
-            Some("SameNetuid") => Outcome::SameNetuid,
-            _ => Outcome::RuntimeError,
+            Some("NotEnoughBalanceToStake") => Output::NotEnoughBalanceToStake,
+            Some("NonAssociatedColdKey") => Output::NonAssociatedColdKey,
+            Some("BalanceWithdrawalError") => Output::BalanceWithdrawalError,
+            Some("HotKeyNotRegisteredInSubNet") => Output::NotRegistered,
+            Some("HotKeyAccountNotExists") => Output::NotRegistered,
+            Some("NotEnoughStakeToWithdraw") => Output::NotEnoughStakeToWithdraw,
+            Some("TxRateLimitExceeded") => Output::TxRateLimitExceeded,
+            Some("SlippageTooHigh") => Output::SlippageTooHigh,
+            Some("SubnetNotExists") => Output::SubnetNotExists,
+            Some("SameAutoStakeHotkeyAlreadySet") => Output::SameAutoStakeHotkeyAlreadySet,
+            Some("InsufficientBalance") => Output::InsufficientBalance,
+            Some("AmountTooLow") => Output::AmountTooLow,
+            Some("InsufficientLiquidity") => Output::InsufficientLiquidity,
+            Some("SameNetuid") => Output::SameNetuid,
+            _ => Output::RuntimeError,
         }
     }
 }

From 87e344996ab67224728a1a59cbe501e519e9dd06 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" <github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 15 Oct 2025 20:32:26 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 131/218] auto-update benchmark weights

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
index ab778ea109..fd63d5bdf1 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
@@ -1029,8 +1029,8 @@ mod dispatches {
         /// Register the hotkey to root network
         #[pallet::call_index(62)]
         #[pallet::weight((Weight::from_parts(135_900_000, 0)
-		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(24_u64))
-		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(20)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::Yes))]
+		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(22_u64))
+		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(19_u64)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::Yes))]
         pub fn root_register(origin: OriginFor<T>, hotkey: T::AccountId) -> DispatchResult {
             Self::do_root_register(origin, hotkey)
         }
@@ -1051,7 +1051,7 @@ mod dispatches {
         /// The extrinsic for user to change its hotkey in subnet or all subnets.
         #[pallet::call_index(70)]
         #[pallet::weight((Weight::from_parts(275_300_000, 0)
-        .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(53_u64))
+        .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(52_u64))
         .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(37)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::No))]
         pub fn swap_hotkey(
             origin: OriginFor<T>,

From 71b106f8864b7918ab2c425987717c0f466123d8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: open-junius <zhou@opentensor.dev>
Date: Thu, 16 Oct 2025 11:24:51 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 132/218] fix type nonfungibile

---
 common/src/lib.rs             | 2 +-
 runtime/src/lib.rs            | 2 +-
 runtime/tests/pallet_proxy.rs | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/common/src/lib.rs b/common/src/lib.rs
index 590eb7fee3..392e8f8080 100644
--- a/common/src/lib.rs
+++ b/common/src/lib.rs
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ pub enum ProxyType {
     NonCritical,
     NonTransfer,
     Senate,
-    NonFungibile, // Nothing involving moving TAO
+    NonFungible, // Nothing involving moving TAO
     Triumvirate,
     Governance, // Both above governance
     Staking,
diff --git a/runtime/src/lib.rs b/runtime/src/lib.rs
index 5654def01c..d71bc6a9b4 100644
--- a/runtime/src/lib.rs
+++ b/runtime/src/lib.rs
@@ -688,7 +688,7 @@ impl InstanceFilter<RuntimeCall> for ProxyType {
                     )
                     | RuntimeCall::SubtensorModule(pallet_subtensor::Call::swap_coldkey { .. })
             ),
-            ProxyType::NonFungibile => !matches!(
+            ProxyType::NonFungible => !matches!(
                 c,
                 RuntimeCall::Balances(..)
                     | RuntimeCall::SubtensorModule(pallet_subtensor::Call::add_stake { .. })
diff --git a/runtime/tests/pallet_proxy.rs b/runtime/tests/pallet_proxy.rs
index e2a9fea415..ee2b552b4c 100644
--- a/runtime/tests/pallet_proxy.rs
+++ b/runtime/tests/pallet_proxy.rs
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ fn test_proxy_pallet() {
         ProxyType::NonCritical,
         ProxyType::NonTransfer,
         ProxyType::Senate,
-        ProxyType::NonFungibile,
+        ProxyType::NonFungible,
         ProxyType::Triumvirate,
         ProxyType::Governance,
         ProxyType::Staking,

From c26d9889ed9c07bacf93067f7671c4cea8531713 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: open-junius <zhou@opentensor.dev>
Date: Thu, 16 Oct 2025 11:25:14 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 133/218] bump version

---
 runtime/src/lib.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/runtime/src/lib.rs b/runtime/src/lib.rs
index d71bc6a9b4..ba379ee9b7 100644
--- a/runtime/src/lib.rs
+++ b/runtime/src/lib.rs
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ pub const VERSION: RuntimeVersion = RuntimeVersion {
     //   `spec_version`, and `authoring_version` are the same between Wasm and native.
     // This value is set to 100 to notify Polkadot-JS App (https://polkadot.js.org/apps) to use
     //   the compatible custom types.
-    spec_version: 329,
+    spec_version: 330,
     impl_version: 1,
     apis: RUNTIME_API_VERSIONS,
     transaction_version: 1,

From 31a7b90b64509d85d323ac917898ce19c3c326c2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: open-junius <zhou@opentensor.dev>
Date: Thu, 16 Oct 2025 20:31:49 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 134/218] burn alpha precompile

---
 evm-tests/src/contracts/staking.ts            |  23 +++
 .../staking.precompile.burn-alpha.test.ts     | 179 ++++++++++++++++++
 precompiles/src/solidity/stakingV2.abi        |  39 +++-
 precompiles/src/solidity/stakingV2.sol        |  38 +++-
 precompiles/src/staking.rs                    |  21 ++
 5 files changed, 284 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 evm-tests/test/staking.precompile.burn-alpha.test.ts

diff --git a/evm-tests/src/contracts/staking.ts b/evm-tests/src/contracts/staking.ts
index 7b9e671c23..c8f772f051 100644
--- a/evm-tests/src/contracts/staking.ts
+++ b/evm-tests/src/contracts/staking.ts
@@ -407,5 +407,28 @@ export const IStakingV2ABI = [
         "outputs": [],
         "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
         "type": "function"
+    },
+    {
+        "inputs": [
+            {
+                "internalType": "bytes32",
+                "name": "hotkey",
+                "type": "bytes32"
+            },
+            {
+                "internalType": "uint256",
+                "name": "amount",
+                "type": "uint256"
+            },
+            {
+                "internalType": "uint256",
+                "name": "netuid",
+                "type": "uint256"
+            }
+        ],
+        "name": "burnAlpha",
+        "outputs": [],
+        "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
+        "type": "function"
     }
 ];
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/evm-tests/test/staking.precompile.burn-alpha.test.ts b/evm-tests/test/staking.precompile.burn-alpha.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..024c31a748
--- /dev/null
+++ b/evm-tests/test/staking.precompile.burn-alpha.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+import * as assert from "assert";
+import { getDevnetApi, getRandomSubstrateKeypair } from "../src/substrate"
+import { devnet } from "@polkadot-api/descriptors"
+import { PolkadotSigner, TypedApi } from "polkadot-api";
+import { convertPublicKeyToSs58, convertH160ToSS58 } from "../src/address-utils"
+import { tao } from "../src/balance-math"
+import { ethers } from "ethers"
+import { generateRandomEthersWallet, getPublicClient } from "../src/utils"
+import { convertH160ToPublicKey } from "../src/address-utils"
+import {
+    forceSetBalanceToEthAddress, forceSetBalanceToSs58Address, addNewSubnetwork, burnedRegister,
+    startCall,
+} from "../src/subtensor"
+import { ETH_LOCAL_URL } from "../src/config";
+import { ISTAKING_V2_ADDRESS, IStakingV2ABI } from "../src/contracts/staking"
+import { PublicClient } from "viem";
+
+describe("Test staking precompile burn alpha", () => {
+    // init eth part
+    const wallet1 = generateRandomEthersWallet();
+    let publicClient: PublicClient;
+    // init substrate part
+    const hotkey = getRandomSubstrateKeypair();
+    const coldkey = getRandomSubstrateKeypair();
+
+    let api: TypedApi<typeof devnet>
+
+    before(async () => {
+        publicClient = await getPublicClient(ETH_LOCAL_URL)
+        // init variables got from await and async
+        api = await getDevnetApi()
+
+        await forceSetBalanceToSs58Address(api, convertPublicKeyToSs58(hotkey.publicKey))
+        await forceSetBalanceToSs58Address(api, convertPublicKeyToSs58(coldkey.publicKey))
+        await forceSetBalanceToEthAddress(api, wallet1.address)
+
+        let netuid = await addNewSubnetwork(api, hotkey, coldkey)
+        await startCall(api, netuid, coldkey)
+
+        console.log("test the case on subnet ", netuid)
+
+        await burnedRegister(api, netuid, convertH160ToSS58(wallet1.address), coldkey)
+    })
+
+    it("Can burn alpha after adding stake", async () => {
+        let netuid = (await api.query.SubtensorModule.TotalNetworks.getValue()) - 1
+
+        // First add some stake
+        let stakeBalance = tao(50)
+        const contract = new ethers.Contract(ISTAKING_V2_ADDRESS, IStakingV2ABI, wallet1);
+        const addStakeTx = await contract.addStake(hotkey.publicKey, stakeBalance.toString(), netuid)
+        await addStakeTx.wait()
+
+        // Get stake before burning
+        const stakeBefore = await api.query.SubtensorModule.Alpha.getValue(
+            convertPublicKeyToSs58(hotkey.publicKey),
+            convertH160ToSS58(wallet1.address),
+            netuid
+        )
+
+        console.log("Stake before burn:", stakeBefore)
+        assert.ok(stakeBefore > BigInt(0), "Should have stake before burning")
+
+        // Burn some alpha (burn 20 TAO worth)
+        let burnAmount = tao(20)
+        const burnTx = await contract.burnAlpha(hotkey.publicKey, burnAmount.toString(), netuid)
+        await burnTx.wait()
+
+        // Get stake after burning
+        const stakeAfter = await api.query.SubtensorModule.Alpha.getValue(
+            convertPublicKeyToSs58(hotkey.publicKey),
+            convertH160ToSS58(wallet1.address),
+            netuid
+        )
+
+        console.log("Stake after burn:", stakeAfter)
+
+        // Verify that stake decreased by burn amount
+        assert.ok(stakeAfter < stakeBefore, "Stake should decrease after burning")
+        assert.strictEqual(stakeBefore - stakeAfter, burnAmount, "Stake should decrease by exactly burn amount")
+    })
+
+    it("Cannot burn more alpha than staked", async () => {
+        let netuid = (await api.query.SubtensorModule.TotalNetworks.getValue()) - 1
+
+        // Get current stake
+        const currentStake = await api.query.SubtensorModule.Alpha.getValue(
+            convertPublicKeyToSs58(hotkey.publicKey),
+            convertH160ToSS58(wallet1.address),
+            netuid
+        )
+
+        // Try to burn more than staked
+        let burnAmount = currentStake + tao(100)
+        const contract = new ethers.Contract(ISTAKING_V2_ADDRESS, IStakingV2ABI, wallet1);
+
+        try {
+            const burnTx = await contract.burnAlpha(hotkey.publicKey, burnAmount.toString(), netuid)
+            await burnTx.wait()
+            assert.fail("Transaction should have failed - cannot burn more than staked");
+        } catch (error) {
+            // Transaction failed as expected
+            console.log("Correctly failed to burn more than staked amount")
+            assert.ok(true, "Burning more than staked should fail");
+        }
+    })
+
+    it("Cannot burn alpha from non-existent subnet", async () => {
+        // wrong netuid
+        let netuid = 12345;
+        let burnAmount = tao(10)
+        const contract = new ethers.Contract(ISTAKING_V2_ADDRESS, IStakingV2ABI, wallet1);
+
+        try {
+            const burnTx = await contract.burnAlpha(hotkey.publicKey, burnAmount.toString(), netuid)
+            await burnTx.wait()
+            assert.fail("Transaction should have failed - subnet doesn't exist");
+        } catch (error) {
+            // Transaction failed as expected
+            console.log("Correctly failed to burn from non-existent subnet")
+            assert.ok(true, "Burning from non-existent subnet should fail");
+        }
+    })
+
+    it("Can burn all remaining alpha", async () => {
+        let netuid = (await api.query.SubtensorModule.TotalNetworks.getValue()) - 1
+
+        // Get current stake
+        const currentStake = await api.query.SubtensorModule.Alpha.getValue(
+            convertPublicKeyToSs58(hotkey.publicKey),
+            convertH160ToSS58(wallet1.address),
+            netuid
+        )
+
+        console.log("Current stake before burning all:", currentStake)
+        assert.ok(currentStake > BigInt(0), "Should have stake before burning all")
+
+        // Burn all remaining alpha
+        const contract = new ethers.Contract(ISTAKING_V2_ADDRESS, IStakingV2ABI, wallet1);
+        const burnTx = await contract.burnAlpha(hotkey.publicKey, currentStake.toString(), netuid)
+        await burnTx.wait()
+
+        // Get stake after burning all
+        const stakeAfter = await api.query.SubtensorModule.Alpha.getValue(
+            convertPublicKeyToSs58(hotkey.publicKey),
+            convertH160ToSS58(wallet1.address),
+            netuid
+        )
+
+        console.log("Stake after burning all:", stakeAfter)
+
+        // Verify that stake is now zero
+        assert.strictEqual(stakeAfter, BigInt(0), "Stake should be zero after burning all")
+    })
+
+    it("Cannot burn zero alpha", async () => {
+        let netuid = (await api.query.SubtensorModule.TotalNetworks.getValue()) - 1
+
+        // First add some stake for this test
+        let stakeBalance = tao(10)
+        const contract = new ethers.Contract(ISTAKING_V2_ADDRESS, IStakingV2ABI, wallet1);
+        const addStakeTx = await contract.addStake(hotkey.publicKey, stakeBalance.toString(), netuid)
+        await addStakeTx.wait()
+
+        // Try to burn zero amount
+        let burnAmount = BigInt(0)
+
+        try {
+            const burnTx = await contract.burnAlpha(hotkey.publicKey, burnAmount.toString(), netuid)
+            await burnTx.wait()
+            assert.fail("Transaction should have failed - cannot burn zero amount");
+        } catch (error) {
+            // Transaction failed as expected
+            console.log("Correctly failed to burn zero amount")
+            assert.ok(true, "Burning zero amount should fail");
+        }
+    })
+})
+
diff --git a/precompiles/src/solidity/stakingV2.abi b/precompiles/src/solidity/stakingV2.abi
index 2c936898ab..40a5acc1d9 100644
--- a/precompiles/src/solidity/stakingV2.abi
+++ b/precompiles/src/solidity/stakingV2.abi
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
     ],
     "name": "addProxy",
     "outputs": [],
-    "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
+    "stateMutability": "payable",
     "type": "function"
   },
   {
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@
     ],
     "name": "moveStake",
     "outputs": [],
-    "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
+    "stateMutability": "payable",
     "type": "function"
   },
   {
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@
     ],
     "name": "removeProxy",
     "outputs": [],
-    "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
+    "stateMutability": "payable",
     "type": "function"
   },
   {
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@
     ],
     "name": "removeStake",
     "outputs": [],
-    "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
+    "stateMutability": "payable",
     "type": "function"
   },
   {
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@
     ],
     "name": "removeStakeFull",
     "outputs": [],
-    "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
+    "stateMutability": "payable",
     "type": "function"
   },
   {
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@
     ],
     "name": "removeStakeFullLimit",
     "outputs": [],
-    "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
+    "stateMutability": "payable",
     "type": "function"
   },
   {
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@
     ],
     "name": "removeStakeLimit",
     "outputs": [],
-    "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
+    "stateMutability": "payable",
     "type": "function"
   },
   {
@@ -369,7 +369,30 @@
     ],
     "name": "transferStake",
     "outputs": [],
-    "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
+    "stateMutability": "payable",
+    "type": "function"
+  },
+  {
+    "inputs": [
+      {
+        "internalType": "bytes32",
+        "name": "hotkey",
+        "type": "bytes32"
+      },
+      {
+        "internalType": "uint256",
+        "name": "amount",
+        "type": "uint256"
+      },
+      {
+        "internalType": "uint256",
+        "name": "netuid",
+        "type": "uint256"
+      }
+    ],
+    "name": "burnAlpha",
+    "outputs": [],
+    "stateMutability": "payable",
     "type": "function"
   }
 ]
diff --git a/precompiles/src/solidity/stakingV2.sol b/precompiles/src/solidity/stakingV2.sol
index c8c39761ad..fefca82fd9 100644
--- a/precompiles/src/solidity/stakingV2.sol
+++ b/precompiles/src/solidity/stakingV2.sol
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ interface IStaking {
         bytes32 hotkey,
         uint256 amount,
         uint256 netuid
-    ) external;
+    ) external payable;
 
     /**
      * @dev Moves a subtensor stake `amount` associated with the `hotkey` to a different hotkey
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ interface IStaking {
         uint256 origin_netuid,
         uint256 destination_netuid,
         uint256 amount
-    ) external;
+    ) external payable;
 
     /**
      * @dev Transfer a subtensor stake `amount` associated with the transaction signer to a different coldkey
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ interface IStaking {
         uint256 origin_netuid,
         uint256 destination_netuid,
         uint256 amount
-    ) external;
+    ) external payable;
 
     /**
      * @dev Returns the amount of RAO staked by the coldkey.
@@ -156,14 +156,14 @@ interface IStaking {
      *
      * @param delegate The public key (32 bytes) of the delegate.
      */
-    function addProxy(bytes32 delegate) external;
+    function addProxy(bytes32 delegate) external payable;
 
     /**
      * @dev Removes staking proxy account.
      *
      * @param delegate The public key (32 bytes) of the delegate.
      */
-    function removeProxy(bytes32 delegate) external;
+    function removeProxy(bytes32 delegate) external payable;
 
     /**
      * @dev Returns the validators that have staked alpha under a hotkey.
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ interface IStaking {
         uint256 limit_price,
         bool allow_partial,
         uint256 netuid
-    ) external;
+    ) external payable;
 
     /**
      * @dev Removes all stake from a hotkey on a subnet with a price limit.
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ interface IStaking {
      * @param hotkey The hotkey public key (32 bytes).
      * @param netuid The subnet to remove stake from (uint256).
      */
-    function removeStakeFull(bytes32 hotkey, uint256 netuid) external;
+    function removeStakeFull(bytes32 hotkey, uint256 netuid) external payable;
 
     /**
      * @dev Removes all stake from a hotkey on a subnet with a price limit.
@@ -287,5 +287,27 @@ interface IStaking {
         bytes32 hotkey,
         uint256 netuid,
         uint256 limitPrice
-    ) external;
+    ) external payable;
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Burns alpha tokens from the specified hotkey's stake on a subnet.
+     *
+     * This function allows external accounts and contracts to permanently burn (destroy) alpha tokens
+     * from their stake on a specified hotkey and subnet. The burned tokens are removed from circulation
+     * and cannot be recovered.
+     *
+     * @param hotkey The hotkey public key (32 bytes).
+     * @param amount The amount of alpha to burn (uint256).
+     * @param netuid The subnet to burn from (uint256).
+     *
+     * Requirements:
+     * - `hotkey` must be a valid hotkey registered on the network.
+     * - The caller must have sufficient alpha staked to the specified hotkey on the subnet.
+     * - `amount` must be greater than zero and not exceed the staked amount.
+     */
+    function burnAlpha(
+        bytes32 hotkey,
+        uint256 amount,
+        uint256 netuid
+    ) external payable;
 }
diff --git a/precompiles/src/staking.rs b/precompiles/src/staking.rs
index b896e61e33..35daaf4f47 100644
--- a/precompiles/src/staking.rs
+++ b/precompiles/src/staking.rs
@@ -217,6 +217,27 @@ where
         handle.try_dispatch_runtime_call::<R, _>(call, RawOrigin::Signed(account_id))
     }
 
+    #[precompile::public("burnAlpha(bytes32,uint256,uint256)")]
+    #[precompile::payable]
+    fn burn_alpha(
+        handle: &mut impl PrecompileHandle,
+        hotkey: H256,
+        amount: U256,
+        netuid: U256,
+    ) -> EvmResult<()> {
+        let account_id = handle.caller_account_id::<R>();
+        let hotkey = R::AccountId::from(hotkey.0);
+        let netuid = try_u16_from_u256(netuid)?;
+        let amount: u64 = amount.unique_saturated_into();
+        let call = pallet_subtensor::Call::<R>::burn_alpha {
+            hotkey,
+            amount: amount.into(),
+            netuid: netuid.into(),
+        };
+
+        handle.try_dispatch_runtime_call::<R, _>(call, RawOrigin::Signed(account_id))
+    }
+
     #[precompile::public("getTotalColdkeyStake(bytes32)")]
     #[precompile::view]
     fn get_total_coldkey_stake(

From c6547fd75cb046ab6fe6878b18443b522dffe74b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 16 Oct 2025 14:52:43 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 135/218] build(chain-ext): add test dependencies

---
 Cargo.lock                  | 10 ++++++++++
 chain-extensions/Cargo.toml | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 30 insertions(+)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index a59c1404b2..f58e912ad1 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -17962,9 +17962,18 @@ dependencies = [
  "frame-system",
  "log",
  "num_enum",
+ "pallet-balances",
  "pallet-contracts 40.1.0",
+ "pallet-crowdloan",
+ "pallet-drand",
+ "pallet-membership",
+ "pallet-preimage",
+ "pallet-scheduler",
  "pallet-subtensor",
+ "pallet-subtensor-collective",
  "pallet-subtensor-swap",
+ "pallet-subtensor-utility",
+ "pallet-timestamp",
  "parity-scale-codec",
  "scale-info",
  "sp-core",
@@ -17972,6 +17981,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "sp-runtime",
  "sp-std",
  "subtensor-runtime-common",
+ "subtensor-swap-interface",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
diff --git a/chain-extensions/Cargo.toml b/chain-extensions/Cargo.toml
index f4dcd988c8..16b457675a 100644
--- a/chain-extensions/Cargo.toml
+++ b/chain-extensions/Cargo.toml
@@ -24,6 +24,16 @@ subtensor-runtime-common.workspace = true
 pallet-contracts.workspace = true
 pallet-subtensor.workspace = true
 pallet-subtensor-swap.workspace = true
+pallet-balances.workspace = true
+pallet-membership.workspace = true
+pallet-scheduler.workspace = true
+pallet-preimage.workspace = true
+pallet-timestamp.workspace = true
+pallet-crowdloan.workspace = true
+pallet-subtensor-collective.workspace = true
+pallet-subtensor-utility.workspace = true
+pallet-drand.workspace = true
+subtensor-swap-interface.workspace = true
 num_enum.workspace = true
 
 [lints]
@@ -45,4 +55,14 @@ std = [
 	"pallet-contracts/std",
 	"pallet-subtensor/std",
 	"pallet-subtensor-swap/std",
+	"pallet-balances/std",
+	"pallet-membership/std",
+	"pallet-scheduler/std",
+	"pallet-preimage/std",
+	"pallet-timestamp/std",
+	"pallet-crowdloan/std",
+	"pallet-subtensor-collective/std",
+	"pallet-subtensor-utility/std",
+	"pallet-drand/std",
+	"subtensor-swap-interface/std",
 ]

From 2279c43b6f19c5d81f4725052f1d672649828ada Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 16 Oct 2025 14:53:29 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 136/218] refactor(chain-ext): introduce testable extension
 environment trait

---
 chain-extensions/src/lib.rs | 206 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 150 insertions(+), 56 deletions(-)

diff --git a/chain-extensions/src/lib.rs b/chain-extensions/src/lib.rs
index 6d5febf669..dcdebeb9de 100644
--- a/chain-extensions/src/lib.rs
+++ b/chain-extensions/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,16 @@
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod mock;
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests;
+
 mod types;
 
 use crate::types::{FunctionId, Output};
-use codec::Encode;
+use codec::{Decode, Encode, MaxEncodedLen};
 use frame_support::{DebugNoBound, traits::Get};
 use frame_system::RawOrigin;
 use pallet_contracts::chain_extension::{
-    ChainExtension, Environment, Ext, InitState, RetVal, SysConfig,
+    BufInBufOutState, ChainExtension, Environment, Ext, InitState, RetVal, SysConfig,
 };
 use sp_runtime::{DispatchError, Weight, traits::StaticLookup};
 use sp_std::marker::PhantomData;
@@ -14,17 +19,42 @@ use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
 #[derive(DebugNoBound)]
 pub struct SubtensorChainExtension<T>(PhantomData<T>);
 
+impl<T> Default for SubtensorChainExtension<T> {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self(PhantomData)
+    }
+}
+
 impl<T> ChainExtension<T> for SubtensorChainExtension<T>
 where
     T: pallet_subtensor::Config + pallet_contracts::Config,
+    T::AccountId: Clone,
     <<T as SysConfig>::Lookup as StaticLookup>::Source: From<<T as SysConfig>::AccountId>,
 {
     fn call<E>(&mut self, env: Environment<E, InitState>) -> Result<RetVal, DispatchError>
     where
         E: Ext<T = T>,
     {
-        let mut env = env.buf_in_buf_out();
-        let func_id = env.func_id().try_into().map_err(|_| {
+        let mut adapter = ContractsEnvAdapter::<T, E>::new(env);
+        Self::dispatch(&mut adapter)
+    }
+
+    fn enabled() -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> SubtensorChainExtension<T>
+where
+    T: pallet_subtensor::Config + pallet_contracts::Config,
+    T::AccountId: Clone,
+{
+    fn dispatch<Env>(env: &mut Env) -> Result<RetVal, DispatchError>
+    where
+        Env: SubtensorExtensionEnv<T::AccountId>,
+        <<T as SysConfig>::Lookup as StaticLookup>::Source: From<<T as SysConfig>::AccountId>,
+    {
+        let func_id: FunctionId = env.func_id().try_into().map_err(|_| {
             DispatchError::Other(
                 "Invalid function id - does not correspond to any registered function",
             )
@@ -32,10 +62,9 @@ where
 
         match func_id {
             FunctionId::GetStakeInfoForHotkeyColdkeyNetuidV1 => {
-                let input: (T::AccountId, T::AccountId, NetUid) = env
+                let (hotkey, coldkey, netuid): (T::AccountId, T::AccountId, NetUid) = env
                     .read_as()
                     .map_err(|_| DispatchError::Other("Failed to decode input parameters"))?;
-                let (hotkey, coldkey, netuid) = input;
 
                 let stake_info =
                     pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::get_stake_info_for_hotkey_coldkey_netuid(
@@ -44,12 +73,11 @@ where
 
                 let encoded_result = stake_info.encode();
 
-                env.write(&encoded_result, false, None)
+                env.write_output(&encoded_result)
                     .map_err(|_| DispatchError::Other("Failed to write output"))?;
 
                 Ok(RetVal::Converging(0))
             }
-            // Weights are copied from the pallet calls. Use `WeightInfo` when available.
             FunctionId::AddStakeV1 => {
                 let weight = Weight::from_parts(340_800_000, 0)
                     .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(24_u64))
@@ -57,13 +85,12 @@ where
 
                 env.charge_weight(weight)?;
 
-                let input: (T::AccountId, NetUid, TaoCurrency) = env
+                let (hotkey, netuid, amount_staked): (T::AccountId, NetUid, TaoCurrency) = env
                     .read_as()
                     .map_err(|_| DispatchError::Other("Failed to decode input parameters"))?;
-                let (hotkey, netuid, amount_staked) = input;
 
                 let call_result = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::add_stake(
-                    RawOrigin::Signed(env.ext().address().clone()).into(),
+                    RawOrigin::Signed(env.caller()).into(),
                     hotkey,
                     netuid,
                     amount_staked,
@@ -84,13 +111,12 @@ where
 
                 env.charge_weight(weight)?;
 
-                let input: (T::AccountId, NetUid, AlphaCurrency) = env
+                let (hotkey, netuid, amount_unstaked): (T::AccountId, NetUid, AlphaCurrency) = env
                     .read_as()
                     .map_err(|_| DispatchError::Other("Failed to decode input parameters"))?;
-                let (hotkey, netuid, amount_unstaked) = input;
 
                 let call_result = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::remove_stake(
-                    RawOrigin::Signed(env.ext().address().clone()).into(),
+                    RawOrigin::Signed(env.caller()).into(),
                     hotkey,
                     netuid,
                     amount_unstaked,
@@ -116,7 +142,7 @@ where
                     .map_err(|_| DispatchError::Other("Failed to decode input parameters"))?;
 
                 let call_result = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::unstake_all(
-                    RawOrigin::Signed(env.ext().address().clone()).into(),
+                    RawOrigin::Signed(env.caller()).into(),
                     hotkey,
                 );
 
@@ -140,7 +166,7 @@ where
                     .map_err(|_| DispatchError::Other("Failed to decode input parameters"))?;
 
                 let call_result = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::unstake_all_alpha(
-                    RawOrigin::Signed(env.ext().address().clone()).into(),
+                    RawOrigin::Signed(env.caller()).into(),
                     hotkey,
                 );
 
@@ -159,19 +185,18 @@ where
 
                 env.charge_weight(weight)?;
 
-                let input: (T::AccountId, T::AccountId, NetUid, NetUid, AlphaCurrency) = env
-                    .read_as()
-                    .map_err(|_| DispatchError::Other("Failed to decode input parameters"))?;
                 let (
                     origin_hotkey,
                     destination_hotkey,
                     origin_netuid,
                     destination_netuid,
                     alpha_amount,
-                ) = input;
+                ): (T::AccountId, T::AccountId, NetUid, NetUid, AlphaCurrency) = env
+                    .read_as()
+                    .map_err(|_| DispatchError::Other("Failed to decode input parameters"))?;
 
                 let call_result = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::move_stake(
-                    RawOrigin::Signed(env.ext().address().clone()).into(),
+                    RawOrigin::Signed(env.caller()).into(),
                     origin_hotkey,
                     destination_hotkey,
                     origin_netuid,
@@ -194,14 +219,18 @@ where
 
                 env.charge_weight(weight)?;
 
-                let input: (T::AccountId, T::AccountId, NetUid, NetUid, AlphaCurrency) = env
+                let (destination_coldkey, hotkey, origin_netuid, destination_netuid, alpha_amount): (
+                    T::AccountId,
+                    T::AccountId,
+                    NetUid,
+                    NetUid,
+                    AlphaCurrency,
+                ) = env
                     .read_as()
                     .map_err(|_| DispatchError::Other("Failed to decode input parameters"))?;
-                let (destination_coldkey, hotkey, origin_netuid, destination_netuid, alpha_amount) =
-                    input;
 
                 let call_result = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::transfer_stake(
-                    RawOrigin::Signed(env.ext().address().clone()).into(),
+                    RawOrigin::Signed(env.caller()).into(),
                     destination_coldkey,
                     hotkey,
                     origin_netuid,
@@ -224,13 +253,17 @@ where
 
                 env.charge_weight(weight)?;
 
-                let input: (T::AccountId, NetUid, NetUid, AlphaCurrency) = env
+                let (hotkey, origin_netuid, destination_netuid, alpha_amount): (
+                    T::AccountId,
+                    NetUid,
+                    NetUid,
+                    AlphaCurrency,
+                ) = env
                     .read_as()
                     .map_err(|_| DispatchError::Other("Failed to decode input parameters"))?;
-                let (hotkey, origin_netuid, destination_netuid, alpha_amount) = input;
 
                 let call_result = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::swap_stake(
-                    RawOrigin::Signed(env.ext().address().clone()).into(),
+                    RawOrigin::Signed(env.caller()).into(),
                     hotkey,
                     origin_netuid,
                     destination_netuid,
@@ -252,13 +285,18 @@ where
 
                 env.charge_weight(weight)?;
 
-                let input: (T::AccountId, NetUid, TaoCurrency, TaoCurrency, bool) =
-                    env.read_as()
-                        .map_err(|_| DispatchError::Other("Failed to decode input parameters"))?;
-                let (hotkey, netuid, amount_staked, limit_price, allow_partial) = input;
+                let (hotkey, netuid, amount_staked, limit_price, allow_partial): (
+                    T::AccountId,
+                    NetUid,
+                    TaoCurrency,
+                    TaoCurrency,
+                    bool,
+                ) = env
+                    .read_as()
+                    .map_err(|_| DispatchError::Other("Failed to decode input parameters"))?;
 
                 let call_result = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::add_stake_limit(
-                    RawOrigin::Signed(env.ext().address().clone()).into(),
+                    RawOrigin::Signed(env.caller()).into(),
                     hotkey,
                     netuid,
                     amount_staked,
@@ -281,13 +319,18 @@ where
 
                 env.charge_weight(weight)?;
 
-                let input: (T::AccountId, NetUid, AlphaCurrency, TaoCurrency, bool) = env
+                let (hotkey, netuid, amount_unstaked, limit_price, allow_partial): (
+                    T::AccountId,
+                    NetUid,
+                    AlphaCurrency,
+                    TaoCurrency,
+                    bool,
+                ) = env
                     .read_as()
                     .map_err(|_| DispatchError::Other("Failed to decode input parameters"))?;
-                let (hotkey, netuid, amount_unstaked, limit_price, allow_partial) = input;
 
                 let call_result = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::remove_stake_limit(
-                    RawOrigin::Signed(env.ext().address().clone()).into(),
+                    RawOrigin::Signed(env.caller()).into(),
                     hotkey,
                     netuid,
                     amount_unstaked,
@@ -310,7 +353,14 @@ where
 
                 env.charge_weight(weight)?;
 
-                let input: (
+                let (
+                    hotkey,
+                    origin_netuid,
+                    destination_netuid,
+                    alpha_amount,
+                    limit_price,
+                    allow_partial,
+                ): (
                     T::AccountId,
                     NetUid,
                     NetUid,
@@ -320,17 +370,9 @@ where
                 ) = env
                     .read_as()
                     .map_err(|_| DispatchError::Other("Failed to decode input parameters"))?;
-                let (
-                    hotkey,
-                    origin_netuid,
-                    destination_netuid,
-                    alpha_amount,
-                    limit_price,
-                    allow_partial,
-                ) = input;
 
                 let call_result = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::swap_stake_limit(
-                    RawOrigin::Signed(env.ext().address().clone()).into(),
+                    RawOrigin::Signed(env.caller()).into(),
                     hotkey,
                     origin_netuid,
                     destination_netuid,
@@ -354,13 +396,12 @@ where
 
                 env.charge_weight(weight)?;
 
-                let input: (T::AccountId, NetUid, Option<TaoCurrency>) = env
-                    .read_as()
-                    .map_err(|_| DispatchError::Other("Failed to decode input parameters"))?;
-                let (hotkey, netuid, limit_price) = input;
+                let (hotkey, netuid, limit_price): (T::AccountId, NetUid, Option<TaoCurrency>) =
+                    env.read_as()
+                        .map_err(|_| DispatchError::Other("Failed to decode input parameters"))?;
 
                 let call_result = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::remove_stake_full_limit(
-                    RawOrigin::Signed(env.ext().address().clone()).into(),
+                    RawOrigin::Signed(env.caller()).into(),
                     hotkey,
                     netuid,
                     limit_price,
@@ -381,13 +422,12 @@ where
 
                 env.charge_weight(weight)?;
 
-                let input: (NetUid, T::AccountId) = env
+                let (netuid, hotkey): (NetUid, T::AccountId) = env
                     .read_as()
                     .map_err(|_| DispatchError::Other("Failed to decode input parameters"))?;
-                let (netuid, hotkey) = input;
 
                 let call_result = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::set_coldkey_auto_stake_hotkey(
-                    RawOrigin::Signed(env.ext().address().clone()).into(),
+                    RawOrigin::Signed(env.caller()).into(),
                     netuid,
                     hotkey,
                 );
@@ -402,8 +442,62 @@ where
             }
         }
     }
+}
 
-    fn enabled() -> bool {
-        true
+trait SubtensorExtensionEnv<AccountId> {
+    fn func_id(&self) -> u16;
+    fn charge_weight(&mut self, weight: Weight) -> Result<(), DispatchError>;
+    fn read_as<T: Decode + MaxEncodedLen>(&mut self) -> Result<T, DispatchError>;
+    fn write_output(&mut self, data: &[u8]) -> Result<(), DispatchError>;
+    fn caller(&mut self) -> AccountId;
+}
+
+struct ContractsEnvAdapter<'a, 'b, T, E>
+where
+    T: pallet_subtensor::Config + pallet_contracts::Config,
+    E: Ext<T = T>,
+{
+    env: Environment<'a, 'b, E, BufInBufOutState>,
+    _marker: PhantomData<T>,
+}
+
+impl<'a, 'b, T, E> ContractsEnvAdapter<'a, 'b, T, E>
+where
+    T: pallet_subtensor::Config + pallet_contracts::Config,
+    T::AccountId: Clone,
+    E: Ext<T = T>,
+{
+    fn new(env: Environment<'a, 'b, E, InitState>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            env: env.buf_in_buf_out(),
+            _marker: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, 'b, T, E> SubtensorExtensionEnv<T::AccountId> for ContractsEnvAdapter<'a, 'b, T, E>
+where
+    T: pallet_subtensor::Config + pallet_contracts::Config,
+    T::AccountId: Clone,
+    E: Ext<T = T>,
+{
+    fn func_id(&self) -> u16 {
+        self.env.func_id()
+    }
+
+    fn charge_weight(&mut self, weight: Weight) -> Result<(), DispatchError> {
+        self.env.charge_weight(weight).map(|_| ())
+    }
+
+    fn read_as<U: Decode + MaxEncodedLen>(&mut self) -> Result<U, DispatchError> {
+        self.env.read_as()
+    }
+
+    fn write_output(&mut self, data: &[u8]) -> Result<(), DispatchError> {
+        self.env.write(data, false, None)
+    }
+
+    fn caller(&mut self) -> T::AccountId {
+        self.env.ext().address().clone()
     }
 }

From dab4c46542530193b7b4aeb91292e2f476e8d4da Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 16 Oct 2025 14:53:50 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 137/218] test(chain-ext): add test infrastructure and test
 suite

---
 chain-extensions/src/mock.rs  | 1140 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 chain-extensions/src/tests.rs |  901 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 2041 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 chain-extensions/src/mock.rs
 create mode 100644 chain-extensions/src/tests.rs

diff --git a/chain-extensions/src/mock.rs b/chain-extensions/src/mock.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ee15a8ef98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chain-extensions/src/mock.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,1140 @@
+#![allow(
+    clippy::arithmetic_side_effects,
+    clippy::expect_used,
+    clippy::unwrap_used
+)]
+
+use core::num::NonZeroU64;
+
+use frame_support::dispatch::{DispatchResult, DispatchResultWithPostInfo};
+use frame_support::traits::{Contains, Everything, InherentBuilder, InsideBoth};
+use frame_support::weights::Weight;
+use frame_support::weights::constants::RocksDbWeight;
+use frame_support::{PalletId, derive_impl};
+use frame_support::{
+    assert_ok, parameter_types,
+    traits::{Hooks, PrivilegeCmp},
+};
+use frame_system as system;
+use frame_system::{EnsureNever, EnsureRoot, RawOrigin, limits, offchain::CreateTransactionBase};
+use pallet_contracts::HoldReason as ContractsHoldReason;
+use pallet_subtensor::utils::rate_limiting::TransactionType;
+use pallet_subtensor::*;
+use pallet_subtensor_collective as pallet_collective;
+use pallet_subtensor_collective::MemberCount;
+use pallet_subtensor_utility as pallet_utility;
+use sp_core::{ConstU64, Get, H256, U256, offchain::KeyTypeId};
+use sp_runtime::Perbill;
+use sp_runtime::{
+    BuildStorage, Percent,
+    traits::{BlakeTwo256, Convert, IdentityLookup},
+};
+use sp_std::{cell::RefCell, cmp::Ordering, sync::OnceLock};
+use subtensor_runtime_common::Currency as CurrencyTrait;
+use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
+use subtensor_swap_interface::{Order, SwapHandler};
+
+type Block = frame_system::mocking::MockBlock<Test>;
+
+frame_support::construct_runtime!(
+    pub enum Test
+    {
+        System: frame_system::{Pallet, Call, Config<T>, Storage, Event<T>} = 1,
+        Balances: pallet_balances::{Pallet, Call, Config<T>, Storage, Event<T>} = 2,
+        Triumvirate: pallet_collective::<Instance1>::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Origin<T>, Event<T>, Config<T>} = 3,
+        TriumvirateMembers: pallet_membership::<Instance1>::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Event<T>, Config<T>} = 4,
+        Senate: pallet_collective::<Instance2>::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Origin<T>, Event<T>, Config<T>} = 5,
+        SenateMembers: pallet_membership::<Instance2>::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Event<T>, Config<T>} = 6,
+        SubtensorModule: pallet_subtensor::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Event<T>} = 7,
+        Utility: pallet_utility::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Event} = 8,
+        Scheduler: pallet_scheduler::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Event<T>} = 9,
+        Preimage: pallet_preimage::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Event<T>} = 10,
+        Drand: pallet_drand::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Event<T>} = 11,
+        Swap: pallet_subtensor_swap::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Event<T>} = 12,
+        Crowdloan: pallet_crowdloan::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Event<T>} = 13,
+        Timestamp: pallet_timestamp::{Pallet, Call, Storage} = 14,
+        Contracts: pallet_contracts::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Event<T>} = 15,
+    }
+);
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub type SubtensorCall = pallet_subtensor::Call<Test>;
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub type SubtensorEvent = pallet_subtensor::Event<Test>;
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub type BalanceCall = pallet_balances::Call<Test>;
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub type TestRuntimeCall = frame_system::Call<Test>;
+
+pub const KEY_TYPE: KeyTypeId = KeyTypeId(*b"test");
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub type AccountId = U256;
+
+// The address format for describing accounts.
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub type Address = AccountId;
+
+// Balance of an account.
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub type Balance = u64;
+
+// An index to a block.
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub type BlockNumber = u64;
+
+pub struct DummyContractsRandomness;
+
+impl frame_support::traits::Randomness<H256, BlockNumber> for DummyContractsRandomness {
+    fn random(_subject: &[u8]) -> (H256, BlockNumber) {
+        (H256::zero(), 0)
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct WeightToBalance;
+
+impl Convert<Weight, Balance> for WeightToBalance {
+    fn convert(weight: Weight) -> Balance {
+        weight.ref_time()
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive_impl(pallet_balances::config_preludes::TestDefaultConfig)]
+impl pallet_balances::Config for Test {
+    type Balance = Balance;
+    type RuntimeEvent = RuntimeEvent;
+    type DustRemoval = ();
+    type ExistentialDeposit = ExistentialDeposit;
+    type AccountStore = System;
+    type MaxLocks = ();
+    type WeightInfo = ();
+    type MaxReserves = ();
+    type ReserveIdentifier = ();
+    type RuntimeHoldReason = ContractsHoldReason;
+    type FreezeIdentifier = ();
+    type MaxFreezes = ();
+}
+
+#[derive_impl(pallet_timestamp::config_preludes::TestDefaultConfig)]
+impl pallet_timestamp::Config for Test {
+    type MinimumPeriod = ConstU64<1>;
+}
+
+#[derive_impl(pallet_contracts::config_preludes::TestDefaultConfig)]
+impl pallet_contracts::Config for Test {
+    type Time = Timestamp;
+    type Randomness = DummyContractsRandomness;
+    type Currency = Balances;
+    type RuntimeEvent = RuntimeEvent;
+    type RuntimeHoldReason = ContractsHoldReason;
+    type RuntimeCall = RuntimeCall;
+    type CallFilter = Everything;
+    type WeightPrice = WeightToBalance;
+    type WeightInfo = ();
+    type ChainExtension = crate::SubtensorChainExtension<Self>;
+    type Schedule = ContractsSchedule;
+    type CallStack = [pallet_contracts::Frame<Self>; 5];
+    type DepositPerByte = ContractsDepositPerByte;
+    type DepositPerItem = ContractsDepositPerItem;
+    type DefaultDepositLimit = ContractsDefaultDepositLimit;
+    type AddressGenerator = pallet_contracts::DefaultAddressGenerator;
+    type UnsafeUnstableInterface = ContractsUnstableInterface;
+    type UploadOrigin = frame_system::EnsureSigned<AccountId>;
+    type InstantiateOrigin = frame_system::EnsureSigned<AccountId>;
+    type CodeHashLockupDepositPercent = ContractsCodeHashLockupDepositPercent;
+    type MaxDelegateDependencies = ContractsMaxDelegateDependencies;
+    type MaxCodeLen = ContractsMaxCodeLen;
+    type MaxStorageKeyLen = ContractsMaxStorageKeyLen;
+    type MaxTransientStorageSize = ContractsMaxTransientStorageSize;
+    type MaxDebugBufferLen = ContractsMaxDebugBufferLen;
+    type Migrations = ();
+    type Debug = ();
+    type Environment = ();
+    type ApiVersion = ();
+    type Xcm = ();
+}
+
+pub struct NoNestingCallFilter;
+
+impl Contains<RuntimeCall> for NoNestingCallFilter {
+    fn contains(call: &RuntimeCall) -> bool {
+        match call {
+            RuntimeCall::Utility(inner) => {
+                let calls = match inner {
+                    pallet_utility::Call::force_batch { calls } => calls,
+                    pallet_utility::Call::batch { calls } => calls,
+                    pallet_utility::Call::batch_all { calls } => calls,
+                    _ => &Vec::new(),
+                };
+
+                !calls.iter().any(|call| {
+					matches!(call, RuntimeCall::Utility(inner) if matches!(inner, pallet_utility::Call::force_batch { .. } | pallet_utility::Call::batch_all { .. } | pallet_utility::Call::batch { .. }))
+				})
+            }
+            _ => true,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive_impl(frame_system::config_preludes::TestDefaultConfig)]
+impl system::Config for Test {
+    type BaseCallFilter = InsideBoth<Everything, NoNestingCallFilter>;
+    type BlockWeights = BlockWeights;
+    type BlockLength = ();
+    type DbWeight = RocksDbWeight;
+    type RuntimeOrigin = RuntimeOrigin;
+    type RuntimeCall = RuntimeCall;
+    type Hash = H256;
+    type Hashing = BlakeTwo256;
+    type AccountId = U256;
+    type Lookup = IdentityLookup<Self::AccountId>;
+    type RuntimeEvent = RuntimeEvent;
+    type BlockHashCount = BlockHashCount;
+    type Version = ();
+    type PalletInfo = PalletInfo;
+    type AccountData = pallet_balances::AccountData<u64>;
+    type OnNewAccount = ();
+    type OnKilledAccount = ();
+    type SystemWeightInfo = ();
+    type SS58Prefix = SS58Prefix;
+    type OnSetCode = ();
+    type MaxConsumers = frame_support::traits::ConstU32<16>;
+    type Nonce = u64;
+    type Block = Block;
+}
+
+parameter_types! {
+    pub const BlockHashCount: u64 = 250;
+    pub const SS58Prefix: u8 = 42;
+}
+
+parameter_types! {
+    pub ContractsSchedule: pallet_contracts::Schedule<Test> = Default::default();
+    pub const ContractsDepositPerByte: Balance = 1;
+    pub const ContractsDepositPerItem: Balance = 10;
+    pub const ContractsDefaultDepositLimit: Balance = 1_000_000_000;
+    pub const ContractsCodeHashLockupDepositPercent: Perbill = Perbill::from_percent(0);
+    pub const ContractsMaxDelegateDependencies: u32 = 32;
+    pub const ContractsMaxCodeLen: u32 = 120_000;
+    pub const ContractsMaxStorageKeyLen: u32 = 256;
+    pub const ContractsMaxTransientStorageSize: u32 = 1024 * 1024;
+    pub const ContractsMaxDebugBufferLen: u32 = 2 * 1024 * 1024;
+    pub const ContractsUnstableInterface: bool = true;
+}
+
+parameter_types! {
+    pub const InitialMinAllowedWeights: u16 = 0;
+    pub const InitialEmissionValue: u16 = 0;
+    pub const InitialMaxWeightsLimit: u16 = u16::MAX;
+    pub BlockWeights: limits::BlockWeights = limits::BlockWeights::with_sensible_defaults(
+        Weight::from_parts(2_000_000_000_000, u64::MAX),
+        Perbill::from_percent(75),
+    );
+    pub const ExistentialDeposit: Balance = 1;
+    pub const TransactionByteFee: Balance = 100;
+    pub const SDebug:u64 = 1;
+    pub const InitialRho: u16 = 30;
+    pub const InitialAlphaSigmoidSteepness: i16 = 1000;
+    pub const InitialKappa: u16 = 32_767;
+    pub const InitialTempo: u16 = 360;
+    pub const SelfOwnership: u64 = 2;
+    pub const InitialImmunityPeriod: u16 = 2;
+    pub const InitialMinAllowedUids: u16 = 2;
+    pub const InitialMaxAllowedUids: u16 = 4;
+    pub const InitialBondsMovingAverage: u64 = 900_000;
+    pub const InitialBondsPenalty:u16 = u16::MAX;
+    pub const InitialBondsResetOn: bool = false;
+    pub const InitialStakePruningMin: u16 = 0;
+    pub const InitialFoundationDistribution: u64 = 0;
+    pub const InitialDefaultDelegateTake: u16 = 11_796; // 18%, same as in production
+    pub const InitialMinDelegateTake: u16 = 5_898; // 9%;
+    pub const InitialDefaultChildKeyTake: u16 = 0 ;// 0 %
+    pub const InitialMinChildKeyTake: u16 = 0; // 0 %;
+    pub const InitialMaxChildKeyTake: u16 = 11_796; // 18 %;
+    pub const InitialWeightsVersionKey: u16 = 0;
+    pub const InitialServingRateLimit: u64 = 0; // No limit.
+    pub const InitialTxRateLimit: u64 = 0; // Disable rate limit for testing
+    pub const InitialTxDelegateTakeRateLimit: u64 = 1; // 1 block take rate limit for testing
+    pub const InitialTxChildKeyTakeRateLimit: u64 = 1; // 1 block take rate limit for testing
+    pub const InitialBurn: u64 = 0;
+    pub const InitialMinBurn: u64 = 500_000;
+    pub const InitialMaxBurn: u64 = 1_000_000_000;
+    pub const MinBurnUpperBound: TaoCurrency = TaoCurrency::new(1_000_000_000); // 1 TAO
+    pub const MaxBurnLowerBound: TaoCurrency = TaoCurrency::new(100_000_000); // 0.1 TAO
+    pub const InitialValidatorPruneLen: u64 = 0;
+    pub const InitialScalingLawPower: u16 = 50;
+    pub const InitialMaxAllowedValidators: u16 = 100;
+    pub const InitialIssuance: u64 = 0;
+    pub const InitialDifficulty: u64 = 10000;
+    pub const InitialActivityCutoff: u16 = 5000;
+    pub const InitialAdjustmentInterval: u16 = 100;
+    pub const InitialAdjustmentAlpha: u64 = 0; // no weight to previous value.
+    pub const InitialMaxRegistrationsPerBlock: u16 = 3;
+    pub const InitialTargetRegistrationsPerInterval: u16 = 2;
+    pub const InitialPruningScore : u16 = u16::MAX;
+    pub const InitialRegistrationRequirement: u16 = u16::MAX; // Top 100%
+    pub const InitialMinDifficulty: u64 = 1;
+    pub const InitialMaxDifficulty: u64 = u64::MAX;
+    pub const InitialRAORecycledForRegistration: u64 = 0;
+    pub const InitialSenateRequiredStakePercentage: u64 = 2; // 2 percent of total stake
+    pub const InitialNetworkImmunityPeriod: u64 = 1_296_000;
+    pub const InitialNetworkMinLockCost: u64 = 100_000_000_000;
+    pub const InitialSubnetOwnerCut: u16 = 0; // 0%. 100% of rewards go to validators + miners.
+    pub const InitialNetworkLockReductionInterval: u64 = 2; // 2 blocks.
+    pub const InitialNetworkRateLimit: u64 = 0;
+    pub const InitialKeySwapCost: u64 = 1_000_000_000;
+    pub const InitialAlphaHigh: u16 = 58982; // Represents 0.9 as per the production default
+    pub const InitialAlphaLow: u16 = 45875; // Represents 0.7 as per the production default
+    pub const InitialLiquidAlphaOn: bool = false; // Default value for LiquidAlphaOn
+    pub const InitialYuma3On: bool = false; // Default value for Yuma3On
+    // pub const InitialNetworkMaxStake: u64 = u64::MAX; // (DEPRECATED)
+    pub const InitialColdkeySwapScheduleDuration: u64 =  5 * 24 * 60 * 60 / 12; // Default as 5 days
+    pub const InitialColdkeySwapRescheduleDuration: u64 = 24 * 60 * 60 / 12; // Default as 1 day
+    pub const InitialDissolveNetworkScheduleDuration: u64 =  5 * 24 * 60 * 60 / 12; // Default as 5 days
+    pub const InitialTaoWeight: u64 = 0; // 100% global weight.
+    pub const InitialEmaPriceHalvingPeriod: u64 = 201_600_u64; // 4 weeks
+    pub const DurationOfStartCall: u64 =  7 * 24 * 60 * 60 / 12; // Default as 7 days
+    pub const InitialKeySwapOnSubnetCost: u64 = 10_000_000;
+    pub const HotkeySwapOnSubnetInterval: u64 = 15; // 15 block, should be bigger than subnet number, then trigger clean up for all subnets
+    pub const MaxContributorsPerLeaseToRemove: u32 = 3;
+    pub const LeaseDividendsDistributionInterval: u32 = 100;
+    pub const MaxImmuneUidsPercentage: Percent = Percent::from_percent(80);
+    pub const EvmKeyAssociateRateLimit: u64 = 10;
+}
+
+// Configure collective pallet for council
+parameter_types! {
+    pub const CouncilMotionDuration: BlockNumber = 100;
+    pub const CouncilMaxProposals: u32 = 10;
+    pub const CouncilMaxMembers: u32 = 3;
+}
+
+// Configure collective pallet for Senate
+parameter_types! {
+    pub const SenateMaxMembers: u32 = 12;
+}
+
+use pallet_collective::{CanPropose, CanVote, GetVotingMembers};
+pub struct CanProposeToTriumvirate;
+impl CanPropose<AccountId> for CanProposeToTriumvirate {
+    fn can_propose(account: &AccountId) -> bool {
+        Triumvirate::is_member(account)
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct CanVoteToTriumvirate;
+impl CanVote<AccountId> for CanVoteToTriumvirate {
+    fn can_vote(_: &AccountId) -> bool {
+        //Senate::is_member(account)
+        false // Disable voting from pallet_collective::vote
+    }
+}
+
+use pallet_subtensor::{CollectiveInterface, MemberManagement, StakeThreshold};
+pub struct ManageSenateMembers;
+impl MemberManagement<AccountId> for ManageSenateMembers {
+    fn add_member(account: &AccountId) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
+        let who = *account;
+        SenateMembers::add_member(RawOrigin::Root.into(), who)
+    }
+
+    fn remove_member(account: &AccountId) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
+        let who = *account;
+        SenateMembers::remove_member(RawOrigin::Root.into(), who)
+    }
+
+    fn swap_member(rm: &AccountId, add: &AccountId) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
+        let remove = *rm;
+        let add = *add;
+
+        Triumvirate::remove_votes(rm)?;
+        SenateMembers::swap_member(RawOrigin::Root.into(), remove, add)
+    }
+
+    fn is_member(account: &AccountId) -> bool {
+        SenateMembers::members().contains(account)
+    }
+
+    fn members() -> Vec<AccountId> {
+        SenateMembers::members().into()
+    }
+
+    fn max_members() -> u32 {
+        SenateMaxMembers::get()
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct GetSenateMemberCount;
+impl GetVotingMembers<MemberCount> for GetSenateMemberCount {
+    fn get_count() -> MemberCount {
+        Senate::members().len() as u32
+    }
+}
+impl Get<MemberCount> for GetSenateMemberCount {
+    fn get() -> MemberCount {
+        SenateMaxMembers::get()
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct TriumvirateVotes;
+impl CollectiveInterface<AccountId, H256, u32> for TriumvirateVotes {
+    fn remove_votes(hotkey: &AccountId) -> Result<bool, sp_runtime::DispatchError> {
+        Triumvirate::remove_votes(hotkey)
+    }
+
+    fn add_vote(
+        hotkey: &AccountId,
+        proposal: H256,
+        index: u32,
+        approve: bool,
+    ) -> Result<bool, sp_runtime::DispatchError> {
+        Triumvirate::do_vote(*hotkey, proposal, index, approve)
+    }
+}
+
+// We call pallet_collective TriumvirateCollective
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+type TriumvirateCollective = pallet_collective::Instance1;
+impl pallet_collective::Config<TriumvirateCollective> for Test {
+    type RuntimeOrigin = RuntimeOrigin;
+    type Proposal = RuntimeCall;
+    type MotionDuration = CouncilMotionDuration;
+    type MaxProposals = CouncilMaxProposals;
+    type MaxMembers = GetSenateMemberCount;
+    type DefaultVote = pallet_collective::PrimeDefaultVote;
+    type WeightInfo = pallet_collective::weights::SubstrateWeight<Test>;
+    type SetMembersOrigin = EnsureNever<AccountId>;
+    type CanPropose = CanProposeToTriumvirate;
+    type CanVote = CanVoteToTriumvirate;
+    type GetVotingMembers = GetSenateMemberCount;
+}
+
+// We call council members Triumvirate
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+type TriumvirateMembership = pallet_membership::Instance1;
+impl pallet_membership::Config<TriumvirateMembership> for Test {
+    type RuntimeEvent = RuntimeEvent;
+    type AddOrigin = EnsureRoot<AccountId>;
+    type RemoveOrigin = EnsureRoot<AccountId>;
+    type SwapOrigin = EnsureRoot<AccountId>;
+    type ResetOrigin = EnsureRoot<AccountId>;
+    type PrimeOrigin = EnsureRoot<AccountId>;
+    type MembershipInitialized = Triumvirate;
+    type MembershipChanged = Triumvirate;
+    type MaxMembers = CouncilMaxMembers;
+    type WeightInfo = pallet_membership::weights::SubstrateWeight<Test>;
+}
+
+// This is a dummy collective instance for managing senate members
+// Probably not the best solution, but fastest implementation
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+type SenateCollective = pallet_collective::Instance2;
+impl pallet_collective::Config<SenateCollective> for Test {
+    type RuntimeOrigin = RuntimeOrigin;
+    type Proposal = RuntimeCall;
+    type MotionDuration = CouncilMotionDuration;
+    type MaxProposals = CouncilMaxProposals;
+    type MaxMembers = SenateMaxMembers;
+    type DefaultVote = pallet_collective::PrimeDefaultVote;
+    type WeightInfo = pallet_collective::weights::SubstrateWeight<Test>;
+    type SetMembersOrigin = EnsureNever<AccountId>;
+    type CanPropose = ();
+    type CanVote = ();
+    type GetVotingMembers = ();
+}
+
+// We call our top K delegates membership Senate
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+type SenateMembership = pallet_membership::Instance2;
+impl pallet_membership::Config<SenateMembership> for Test {
+    type RuntimeEvent = RuntimeEvent;
+    type AddOrigin = EnsureRoot<AccountId>;
+    type RemoveOrigin = EnsureRoot<AccountId>;
+    type SwapOrigin = EnsureRoot<AccountId>;
+    type ResetOrigin = EnsureRoot<AccountId>;
+    type PrimeOrigin = EnsureRoot<AccountId>;
+    type MembershipInitialized = Senate;
+    type MembershipChanged = Senate;
+    type MaxMembers = SenateMaxMembers;
+    type WeightInfo = pallet_membership::weights::SubstrateWeight<Test>;
+}
+
+impl pallet_subtensor::Config for Test {
+    type RuntimeCall = RuntimeCall;
+    type Currency = Balances;
+    type InitialIssuance = InitialIssuance;
+    type SudoRuntimeCall = TestRuntimeCall;
+    type CouncilOrigin = frame_system::EnsureSigned<AccountId>;
+    type SenateMembers = ManageSenateMembers;
+    type TriumvirateInterface = TriumvirateVotes;
+    type Scheduler = Scheduler;
+    type InitialMinAllowedWeights = InitialMinAllowedWeights;
+    type InitialEmissionValue = InitialEmissionValue;
+    type InitialMaxWeightsLimit = InitialMaxWeightsLimit;
+    type InitialTempo = InitialTempo;
+    type InitialDifficulty = InitialDifficulty;
+    type InitialAdjustmentInterval = InitialAdjustmentInterval;
+    type InitialAdjustmentAlpha = InitialAdjustmentAlpha;
+    type InitialTargetRegistrationsPerInterval = InitialTargetRegistrationsPerInterval;
+    type InitialRho = InitialRho;
+    type InitialAlphaSigmoidSteepness = InitialAlphaSigmoidSteepness;
+    type InitialKappa = InitialKappa;
+    type InitialMinAllowedUids = InitialMinAllowedUids;
+    type InitialMaxAllowedUids = InitialMaxAllowedUids;
+    type InitialValidatorPruneLen = InitialValidatorPruneLen;
+    type InitialScalingLawPower = InitialScalingLawPower;
+    type InitialImmunityPeriod = InitialImmunityPeriod;
+    type InitialActivityCutoff = InitialActivityCutoff;
+    type InitialMaxRegistrationsPerBlock = InitialMaxRegistrationsPerBlock;
+    type InitialPruningScore = InitialPruningScore;
+    type InitialBondsMovingAverage = InitialBondsMovingAverage;
+    type InitialBondsPenalty = InitialBondsPenalty;
+    type InitialBondsResetOn = InitialBondsResetOn;
+    type InitialMaxAllowedValidators = InitialMaxAllowedValidators;
+    type InitialDefaultDelegateTake = InitialDefaultDelegateTake;
+    type InitialMinDelegateTake = InitialMinDelegateTake;
+    type InitialDefaultChildKeyTake = InitialDefaultChildKeyTake;
+    type InitialMinChildKeyTake = InitialMinChildKeyTake;
+    type InitialMaxChildKeyTake = InitialMaxChildKeyTake;
+    type InitialTxChildKeyTakeRateLimit = InitialTxChildKeyTakeRateLimit;
+    type InitialWeightsVersionKey = InitialWeightsVersionKey;
+    type InitialMaxDifficulty = InitialMaxDifficulty;
+    type InitialMinDifficulty = InitialMinDifficulty;
+    type InitialServingRateLimit = InitialServingRateLimit;
+    type InitialTxRateLimit = InitialTxRateLimit;
+    type InitialTxDelegateTakeRateLimit = InitialTxDelegateTakeRateLimit;
+    type InitialBurn = InitialBurn;
+    type InitialMaxBurn = InitialMaxBurn;
+    type InitialMinBurn = InitialMinBurn;
+    type MinBurnUpperBound = MinBurnUpperBound;
+    type MaxBurnLowerBound = MaxBurnLowerBound;
+    type InitialRAORecycledForRegistration = InitialRAORecycledForRegistration;
+    type InitialSenateRequiredStakePercentage = InitialSenateRequiredStakePercentage;
+    type InitialNetworkImmunityPeriod = InitialNetworkImmunityPeriod;
+    type InitialNetworkMinLockCost = InitialNetworkMinLockCost;
+    type InitialSubnetOwnerCut = InitialSubnetOwnerCut;
+    type InitialNetworkLockReductionInterval = InitialNetworkLockReductionInterval;
+    type InitialNetworkRateLimit = InitialNetworkRateLimit;
+    type KeySwapCost = InitialKeySwapCost;
+    type AlphaHigh = InitialAlphaHigh;
+    type AlphaLow = InitialAlphaLow;
+    type LiquidAlphaOn = InitialLiquidAlphaOn;
+    type Yuma3On = InitialYuma3On;
+    type Preimages = Preimage;
+    type InitialColdkeySwapScheduleDuration = InitialColdkeySwapScheduleDuration;
+    type InitialColdkeySwapRescheduleDuration = InitialColdkeySwapRescheduleDuration;
+    type InitialDissolveNetworkScheduleDuration = InitialDissolveNetworkScheduleDuration;
+    type InitialTaoWeight = InitialTaoWeight;
+    type InitialEmaPriceHalvingPeriod = InitialEmaPriceHalvingPeriod;
+    type DurationOfStartCall = DurationOfStartCall;
+    type SwapInterface = pallet_subtensor_swap::Pallet<Self>;
+    type KeySwapOnSubnetCost = InitialKeySwapOnSubnetCost;
+    type HotkeySwapOnSubnetInterval = HotkeySwapOnSubnetInterval;
+    type ProxyInterface = FakeProxier;
+    type LeaseDividendsDistributionInterval = LeaseDividendsDistributionInterval;
+    type GetCommitments = ();
+    type MaxImmuneUidsPercentage = MaxImmuneUidsPercentage;
+    type CommitmentsInterface = CommitmentsI;
+    type EvmKeyAssociateRateLimit = EvmKeyAssociateRateLimit;
+}
+
+// Swap-related parameter types
+parameter_types! {
+    pub const SwapProtocolId: PalletId = PalletId(*b"ten/swap");
+    pub const SwapMaxFeeRate: u16 = 10000; // 15.26%
+    pub const SwapMaxPositions: u32 = 100;
+    pub const SwapMinimumLiquidity: u64 = 1_000;
+    pub const SwapMinimumReserve: NonZeroU64 = NonZeroU64::new(100).unwrap();
+}
+
+impl pallet_subtensor_swap::Config for Test {
+    type SubnetInfo = SubtensorModule;
+    type BalanceOps = SubtensorModule;
+    type ProtocolId = SwapProtocolId;
+    type TaoReserve = TaoCurrencyReserve<Self>;
+    type AlphaReserve = AlphaCurrencyReserve<Self>;
+    type MaxFeeRate = SwapMaxFeeRate;
+    type MaxPositions = SwapMaxPositions;
+    type MinimumLiquidity = SwapMinimumLiquidity;
+    type MinimumReserve = SwapMinimumReserve;
+    type WeightInfo = ();
+}
+
+pub struct OriginPrivilegeCmp;
+
+impl PrivilegeCmp<OriginCaller> for OriginPrivilegeCmp {
+    fn cmp_privilege(_left: &OriginCaller, _right: &OriginCaller) -> Option<Ordering> {
+        Some(Ordering::Less)
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct CommitmentsI;
+impl CommitmentsInterface for CommitmentsI {
+    fn purge_netuid(_netuid: NetUid) {}
+}
+
+parameter_types! {
+    pub MaximumSchedulerWeight: Weight = Perbill::from_percent(80) *
+        BlockWeights::get().max_block;
+    pub const MaxScheduledPerBlock: u32 = 50;
+    pub const NoPreimagePostponement: Option<u32> = Some(10);
+}
+
+impl pallet_scheduler::Config for Test {
+    type RuntimeOrigin = RuntimeOrigin;
+    type RuntimeEvent = RuntimeEvent;
+    type PalletsOrigin = OriginCaller;
+    type RuntimeCall = RuntimeCall;
+    type MaximumWeight = MaximumSchedulerWeight;
+    type ScheduleOrigin = EnsureRoot<AccountId>;
+    type MaxScheduledPerBlock = MaxScheduledPerBlock;
+    type WeightInfo = pallet_scheduler::weights::SubstrateWeight<Test>;
+    type OriginPrivilegeCmp = OriginPrivilegeCmp;
+    type Preimages = Preimage;
+    type BlockNumberProvider = System;
+}
+
+impl pallet_utility::Config for Test {
+    type RuntimeCall = RuntimeCall;
+    type PalletsOrigin = OriginCaller;
+    type WeightInfo = pallet_utility::weights::SubstrateWeight<Test>;
+}
+
+parameter_types! {
+    pub const PreimageMaxSize: u32 = 4096 * 1024;
+    pub const PreimageBaseDeposit: Balance = 1;
+    pub const PreimageByteDeposit: Balance = 1;
+}
+
+impl pallet_preimage::Config for Test {
+    type WeightInfo = pallet_preimage::weights::SubstrateWeight<Test>;
+    type RuntimeEvent = RuntimeEvent;
+    type Currency = Balances;
+    type ManagerOrigin = EnsureRoot<AccountId>;
+    type Consideration = ();
+}
+
+thread_local! {
+    pub static PROXIES: RefCell<FakeProxier> = const { RefCell::new(FakeProxier(vec![])) };
+}
+
+pub struct FakeProxier(pub Vec<(U256, U256)>);
+
+impl ProxyInterface<U256> for FakeProxier {
+    fn add_lease_beneficiary_proxy(beneficiary: &AccountId, lease: &AccountId) -> DispatchResult {
+        PROXIES.with_borrow_mut(|proxies| {
+            proxies.0.push((*beneficiary, *lease));
+        });
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn remove_lease_beneficiary_proxy(
+        beneficiary: &AccountId,
+        lease: &AccountId,
+    ) -> DispatchResult {
+        PROXIES.with_borrow_mut(|proxies| {
+            proxies.0.retain(|(b, l)| b != beneficiary && l != lease);
+        });
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+parameter_types! {
+    pub const CrowdloanPalletId: PalletId = PalletId(*b"bt/cloan");
+    pub const MinimumDeposit: u64 = 50;
+    pub const AbsoluteMinimumContribution: u64 = 10;
+    pub const MinimumBlockDuration: u64 = 20;
+    pub const MaximumBlockDuration: u64 = 100;
+    pub const RefundContributorsLimit: u32 = 5;
+    pub const MaxContributors: u32 = 10;
+}
+
+impl pallet_crowdloan::Config for Test {
+    type PalletId = CrowdloanPalletId;
+    type Currency = Balances;
+    type RuntimeCall = RuntimeCall;
+    type WeightInfo = pallet_crowdloan::weights::SubstrateWeight<Test>;
+    type Preimages = Preimage;
+    type MinimumDeposit = MinimumDeposit;
+    type AbsoluteMinimumContribution = AbsoluteMinimumContribution;
+    type MinimumBlockDuration = MinimumBlockDuration;
+    type MaximumBlockDuration = MaximumBlockDuration;
+    type RefundContributorsLimit = RefundContributorsLimit;
+    type MaxContributors = MaxContributors;
+}
+
+mod test_crypto {
+    use super::KEY_TYPE;
+    use sp_core::{
+        U256,
+        sr25519::{Public as Sr25519Public, Signature as Sr25519Signature},
+    };
+    use sp_runtime::{
+        app_crypto::{app_crypto, sr25519},
+        traits::IdentifyAccount,
+    };
+
+    app_crypto!(sr25519, KEY_TYPE);
+
+    pub struct TestAuthId;
+
+    impl frame_system::offchain::AppCrypto<Public, Signature> for TestAuthId {
+        type RuntimeAppPublic = Public;
+        type GenericSignature = Sr25519Signature;
+        type GenericPublic = Sr25519Public;
+    }
+
+    impl IdentifyAccount for Public {
+        type AccountId = U256;
+
+        fn into_account(self) -> U256 {
+            let mut bytes = [0u8; 32];
+            bytes.copy_from_slice(self.as_ref());
+            U256::from_big_endian(&bytes)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub type TestAuthId = test_crypto::TestAuthId;
+
+impl pallet_drand::Config for Test {
+    type AuthorityId = TestAuthId;
+    type Verifier = pallet_drand::verifier::QuicknetVerifier;
+    type UnsignedPriority = ConstU64<{ 1 << 20 }>;
+    type HttpFetchTimeout = ConstU64<1_000>;
+}
+
+impl frame_system::offchain::SigningTypes for Test {
+    type Public = test_crypto::Public;
+    type Signature = test_crypto::Signature;
+}
+
+pub type UncheckedExtrinsic = sp_runtime::testing::TestXt<RuntimeCall, ()>;
+
+impl<LocalCall> frame_system::offchain::CreateTransactionBase<LocalCall> for Test
+where
+    RuntimeCall: From<LocalCall>,
+{
+    type Extrinsic = UncheckedExtrinsic;
+    type RuntimeCall = RuntimeCall;
+}
+
+impl<LocalCall> frame_system::offchain::CreateInherent<LocalCall> for Test
+where
+    RuntimeCall: From<LocalCall>,
+{
+    fn create_bare(call: Self::RuntimeCall) -> Self::Extrinsic {
+        UncheckedExtrinsic::new_inherent(call)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<LocalCall> frame_system::offchain::CreateSignedTransaction<LocalCall> for Test
+where
+    RuntimeCall: From<LocalCall>,
+{
+    fn create_signed_transaction<
+        C: frame_system::offchain::AppCrypto<Self::Public, Self::Signature>,
+    >(
+        call: <Self as CreateTransactionBase<LocalCall>>::RuntimeCall,
+        _public: Self::Public,
+        _account: Self::AccountId,
+        nonce: Self::Nonce,
+    ) -> Option<Self::Extrinsic> {
+        Some(UncheckedExtrinsic::new_signed(call, nonce.into(), (), ()))
+    }
+}
+
+static TEST_LOGS_INIT: OnceLock<()> = OnceLock::new();
+
+pub fn init_logs_for_tests() {
+    if TEST_LOGS_INIT.get().is_some() {
+        return;
+    }
+    let _ = TEST_LOGS_INIT.set(());
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+// Build genesis storage according to the mock runtime.
+pub fn new_test_ext(block_number: BlockNumber) -> sp_io::TestExternalities {
+    init_logs_for_tests();
+    let t = frame_system::GenesisConfig::<Test>::default()
+        .build_storage()
+        .unwrap();
+    let mut ext = sp_io::TestExternalities::new(t);
+    ext.execute_with(|| System::set_block_number(block_number));
+    ext
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub fn test_ext_with_balances(balances: Vec<(U256, u128)>) -> sp_io::TestExternalities {
+    init_logs_for_tests();
+    let mut t = frame_system::GenesisConfig::<Test>::default()
+        .build_storage()
+        .unwrap();
+
+    pallet_balances::GenesisConfig::<Test> {
+        balances: balances
+            .iter()
+            .map(|(a, b)| (*a, *b as u64))
+            .collect::<Vec<(U256, u64)>>(),
+        dev_accounts: None,
+    }
+    .assimilate_storage(&mut t)
+    .unwrap();
+
+    t.into()
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub(crate) fn step_block(n: u16) {
+    for _ in 0..n {
+        Scheduler::on_finalize(System::block_number());
+        SubtensorModule::on_finalize(System::block_number());
+        System::on_finalize(System::block_number());
+        System::set_block_number(System::block_number() + 1);
+        System::on_initialize(System::block_number());
+        SubtensorModule::on_initialize(System::block_number());
+        Scheduler::on_initialize(System::block_number());
+    }
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub(crate) fn run_to_block(n: u64) {
+    run_to_block_ext(n, false)
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub(crate) fn run_to_block_ext(n: u64, enable_events: bool) {
+    while System::block_number() < n {
+        Scheduler::on_finalize(System::block_number());
+        SubtensorModule::on_finalize(System::block_number());
+        System::on_finalize(System::block_number());
+        System::set_block_number(System::block_number() + 1);
+        System::on_initialize(System::block_number());
+        if !enable_events {
+            System::events().iter().for_each(|event| {
+                log::info!("Event: {:?}", event.event);
+            });
+            System::reset_events();
+        }
+        SubtensorModule::on_initialize(System::block_number());
+        Scheduler::on_initialize(System::block_number());
+    }
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub(crate) fn next_block_no_epoch(netuid: NetUid) -> u64 {
+    // high tempo to skip automatic epochs in on_initialize
+    let high_tempo: u16 = u16::MAX - 1;
+    let old_tempo: u16 = SubtensorModule::get_tempo(netuid);
+
+    SubtensorModule::set_tempo(netuid, high_tempo);
+    let new_block = next_block();
+    SubtensorModule::set_tempo(netuid, old_tempo);
+
+    new_block
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub(crate) fn run_to_block_no_epoch(netuid: NetUid, n: u64) {
+    // high tempo to skip automatic epochs in on_initialize
+    let high_tempo: u16 = u16::MAX - 1;
+    let old_tempo: u16 = SubtensorModule::get_tempo(netuid);
+
+    SubtensorModule::set_tempo(netuid, high_tempo);
+    run_to_block(n);
+    SubtensorModule::set_tempo(netuid, old_tempo);
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub(crate) fn step_epochs(count: u16, netuid: NetUid) {
+    for _ in 0..count {
+        let blocks_to_next_epoch = SubtensorModule::blocks_until_next_epoch(
+            netuid,
+            SubtensorModule::get_tempo(netuid),
+            SubtensorModule::get_current_block_as_u64(),
+        );
+        log::info!("Blocks to next epoch: {blocks_to_next_epoch:?}");
+        step_block(blocks_to_next_epoch as u16);
+
+        assert!(SubtensorModule::should_run_epoch(
+            netuid,
+            SubtensorModule::get_current_block_as_u64()
+        ));
+        step_block(1);
+    }
+}
+
+/// Increments current block by 1, running all hooks associated with doing so, and asserts
+/// that the block number was in fact incremented.
+///
+/// Returns the new block number.
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+#[cfg(test)]
+pub(crate) fn next_block() -> u64 {
+    let mut block = System::block_number();
+    block += 1;
+    run_to_block(block);
+    assert_eq!(System::block_number(), block);
+    block
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub fn register_ok_neuron(
+    netuid: NetUid,
+    hotkey_account_id: U256,
+    coldkey_account_id: U256,
+    start_nonce: u64,
+) {
+    let block_number: u64 = SubtensorModule::get_current_block_as_u64();
+    let (nonce, work): (u64, Vec<u8>) = SubtensorModule::create_work_for_block_number(
+        netuid,
+        block_number,
+        start_nonce,
+        &hotkey_account_id,
+    );
+    let result = SubtensorModule::register(
+        <<Test as frame_system::Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(hotkey_account_id),
+        netuid,
+        block_number,
+        nonce,
+        work,
+        hotkey_account_id,
+        coldkey_account_id,
+    );
+    assert_ok!(result);
+    log::info!(
+        "Register ok neuron: netuid: {netuid:?}, coldkey: {hotkey_account_id:?}, hotkey: {coldkey_account_id:?}"
+    );
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub fn add_network(netuid: NetUid, tempo: u16, _modality: u16) {
+    SubtensorModule::init_new_network(netuid, tempo);
+    SubtensorModule::set_network_registration_allowed(netuid, true);
+    SubtensorModule::set_network_pow_registration_allowed(netuid, true);
+    FirstEmissionBlockNumber::<Test>::insert(netuid, 1);
+    SubtokenEnabled::<Test>::insert(netuid, true);
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub fn add_network_without_emission_block(netuid: NetUid, tempo: u16, _modality: u16) {
+    SubtensorModule::init_new_network(netuid, tempo);
+    SubtensorModule::set_network_registration_allowed(netuid, true);
+    SubtensorModule::set_network_pow_registration_allowed(netuid, true);
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub fn add_network_disable_subtoken(netuid: NetUid, tempo: u16, _modality: u16) {
+    SubtensorModule::init_new_network(netuid, tempo);
+    SubtensorModule::set_network_registration_allowed(netuid, true);
+    SubtensorModule::set_network_pow_registration_allowed(netuid, true);
+    SubtokenEnabled::<Test>::insert(netuid, false);
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub fn add_dynamic_network(hotkey: &U256, coldkey: &U256) -> NetUid {
+    let netuid = SubtensorModule::get_next_netuid();
+    let lock_cost = SubtensorModule::get_network_lock_cost();
+    SubtensorModule::add_balance_to_coldkey_account(coldkey, lock_cost.into());
+
+    assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::register_network(
+        RawOrigin::Signed(*coldkey).into(),
+        *hotkey
+    ));
+    NetworkRegistrationAllowed::<Test>::insert(netuid, true);
+    NetworkPowRegistrationAllowed::<Test>::insert(netuid, true);
+    FirstEmissionBlockNumber::<Test>::insert(netuid, 0);
+    SubtokenEnabled::<Test>::insert(netuid, true);
+    netuid
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub fn add_dynamic_network_without_emission_block(hotkey: &U256, coldkey: &U256) -> NetUid {
+    let netuid = SubtensorModule::get_next_netuid();
+    let lock_cost = SubtensorModule::get_network_lock_cost();
+    SubtensorModule::add_balance_to_coldkey_account(coldkey, lock_cost.into());
+
+    assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::register_network(
+        RawOrigin::Signed(*coldkey).into(),
+        *hotkey
+    ));
+    NetworkRegistrationAllowed::<Test>::insert(netuid, true);
+    NetworkPowRegistrationAllowed::<Test>::insert(netuid, true);
+    netuid
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub fn add_dynamic_network_disable_commit_reveal(hotkey: &U256, coldkey: &U256) -> NetUid {
+    let netuid = add_dynamic_network(hotkey, coldkey);
+    SubtensorModule::set_commit_reveal_weights_enabled(netuid, false);
+    netuid
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub fn add_network_disable_commit_reveal(netuid: NetUid, tempo: u16, _modality: u16) {
+    add_network(netuid, tempo, _modality);
+    SubtensorModule::set_commit_reveal_weights_enabled(netuid, false);
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub fn wait_set_pending_children_cooldown(netuid: NetUid) {
+    let cooldown = DefaultPendingCooldown::<Test>::get();
+    step_block(cooldown as u16); // Wait for cooldown to pass
+    step_epochs(1, netuid); // Run next epoch
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub fn wait_and_set_pending_children(netuid: NetUid) {
+    let original_block = System::block_number();
+    wait_set_pending_children_cooldown(netuid);
+    SubtensorModule::do_set_pending_children(netuid);
+    System::set_block_number(original_block);
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub fn mock_schedule_children(
+    coldkey: &U256,
+    parent: &U256,
+    netuid: NetUid,
+    child_vec: &[(u64, U256)],
+) {
+    // Set minimum stake for setting children
+    StakeThreshold::<Test>::put(0);
+
+    // Set initial parent-child relationship
+    assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::do_schedule_children(
+        RuntimeOrigin::signed(*coldkey),
+        *parent,
+        netuid,
+        child_vec.to_vec()
+    ));
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub fn mock_set_children(coldkey: &U256, parent: &U256, netuid: NetUid, child_vec: &[(u64, U256)]) {
+    mock_schedule_children(coldkey, parent, netuid, child_vec);
+    wait_and_set_pending_children(netuid);
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub fn mock_set_children_no_epochs(netuid: NetUid, parent: &U256, child_vec: &[(u64, U256)]) {
+    let backup_block = SubtensorModule::get_current_block_as_u64();
+    PendingChildKeys::<Test>::insert(netuid, parent, (child_vec, 0));
+    System::set_block_number(1);
+    SubtensorModule::do_set_pending_children(netuid);
+    System::set_block_number(backup_block);
+}
+
+// Helper function to wait for the rate limit
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub fn step_rate_limit(transaction_type: &TransactionType, netuid: NetUid) {
+    // Check rate limit
+    let limit = transaction_type.rate_limit_on_subnet::<Test>(netuid);
+
+    // Step that many blocks
+    step_block(limit as u16);
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub(crate) fn remove_stake_rate_limit_for_tests(hotkey: &U256, coldkey: &U256, netuid: NetUid) {
+    StakingOperationRateLimiter::<Test>::remove((hotkey, coldkey, netuid));
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub(crate) fn setup_reserves(netuid: NetUid, tao: TaoCurrency, alpha: AlphaCurrency) {
+    SubnetTAO::<Test>::set(netuid, tao);
+    SubnetAlphaIn::<Test>::set(netuid, alpha);
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub(crate) fn swap_tao_to_alpha(netuid: NetUid, tao: TaoCurrency) -> (AlphaCurrency, u64) {
+    if netuid.is_root() {
+        return (tao.to_u64().into(), 0);
+    }
+
+    let order = GetAlphaForTao::<Test>::with_amount(tao);
+    let result = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::swap(
+        netuid.into(),
+        order,
+        <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::max_price(),
+        false,
+        true,
+    );
+
+    assert_ok!(&result);
+
+    let result = result.unwrap();
+
+    // we don't want to have silent 0 comparisons in tests
+    assert!(result.amount_paid_out > AlphaCurrency::ZERO);
+
+    (result.amount_paid_out, result.fee_paid.into())
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub(crate) fn swap_alpha_to_tao_ext(
+    netuid: NetUid,
+    alpha: AlphaCurrency,
+    drop_fees: bool,
+) -> (TaoCurrency, u64) {
+    if netuid.is_root() {
+        return (alpha.to_u64().into(), 0);
+    }
+
+    println!(
+        "<Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::min_price() = {:?}",
+        <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::min_price::<TaoCurrency>()
+    );
+
+    let order = GetTaoForAlpha::<Test>::with_amount(alpha);
+    let result = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::swap(
+        netuid.into(),
+        order,
+        <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::min_price(),
+        drop_fees,
+        true,
+    );
+
+    assert_ok!(&result);
+
+    let result = result.unwrap();
+
+    // we don't want to have silent 0 comparisons in tests
+    assert!(!result.amount_paid_out.is_zero());
+
+    (result.amount_paid_out, result.fee_paid.into())
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub(crate) fn swap_alpha_to_tao(netuid: NetUid, alpha: AlphaCurrency) -> (TaoCurrency, u64) {
+    swap_alpha_to_tao_ext(netuid, alpha, false)
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub(crate) fn last_event() -> RuntimeEvent {
+    System::events().pop().expect("RuntimeEvent expected").event
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub fn assert_last_event<T: frame_system::pallet::Config>(
+    generic_event: <T as frame_system::pallet::Config>::RuntimeEvent,
+) {
+    frame_system::Pallet::<T>::assert_last_event(generic_event.into());
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub fn commit_dummy(who: U256, netuid: NetUid) {
+    SubtensorModule::set_weights_set_rate_limit(netuid, 0);
+
+    // any 32‑byte value is fine; hash is never opened
+    let hash = sp_core::H256::from_low_u64_be(0xDEAD_BEEF);
+    assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::do_commit_weights(
+        RuntimeOrigin::signed(who),
+        netuid,
+        hash
+    ));
+}
diff --git a/chain-extensions/src/tests.rs b/chain-extensions/src/tests.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a59c4aa5a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chain-extensions/src/tests.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,901 @@
+#![allow(clippy::unwrap_used)]
+
+use super::{SubtensorChainExtension, SubtensorExtensionEnv, mock};
+use crate::types::{FunctionId, Output};
+use codec::Encode;
+use frame_support::{assert_ok, weights::Weight};
+use frame_system::RawOrigin;
+use pallet_contracts::chain_extension::RetVal;
+use pallet_subtensor::DefaultMinStake;
+use sp_core::Get;
+use sp_core::U256;
+use sp_runtime::DispatchError;
+use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency as CurrencyTrait, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
+use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
+
+type AccountId = <mock::Test as frame_system::Config>::AccountId;
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+struct MockEnv {
+    func_id: u16,
+    caller: AccountId,
+    input: Vec<u8>,
+    output: Vec<u8>,
+    charged_weight: Option<Weight>,
+    expected_weight: Option<Weight>,
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_coldkey_auto_stake_hotkey_success_sets_destination() {
+    mock::new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let owner_hotkey = U256::from(4901);
+        let owner_coldkey = U256::from(4902);
+        let coldkey = U256::from(5901);
+        let hotkey = U256::from(5902);
+
+        let netuid = mock::add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+
+        pallet_subtensor::Owner::<mock::Test>::insert(hotkey, coldkey);
+        pallet_subtensor::OwnedHotkeys::<mock::Test>::insert(coldkey, vec![hotkey]);
+        pallet_subtensor::Uids::<mock::Test>::insert(netuid, hotkey, 0u16);
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            pallet_subtensor::AutoStakeDestination::<mock::Test>::get(coldkey, netuid),
+            None
+        );
+
+        let expected_weight = Weight::from_parts(29_930_000, 0)
+            .saturating_add(<mock::Test as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().reads(4))
+            .saturating_add(<mock::Test as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().writes(2));
+
+        let mut env = MockEnv::new(
+            FunctionId::SetColdkeyAutoStakeHotkeyV1,
+            coldkey,
+            (netuid, hotkey).encode(),
+        )
+        .with_expected_weight(expected_weight);
+
+        let ret = SubtensorChainExtension::<mock::Test>::dispatch(&mut env).unwrap();
+        assert_success(ret);
+        assert_eq!(env.charged_weight(), Some(expected_weight));
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            pallet_subtensor::AutoStakeDestination::<mock::Test>::get(coldkey, netuid),
+            Some(hotkey)
+        );
+        let coldkeys =
+            pallet_subtensor::AutoStakeDestinationColdkeys::<mock::Test>::get(hotkey, netuid);
+        assert!(coldkeys.contains(&coldkey));
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn remove_stake_full_limit_success_with_limit_price() {
+    mock::new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let owner_hotkey = U256::from(4801);
+        let owner_coldkey = U256::from(4802);
+        let coldkey = U256::from(5801);
+        let hotkey = U256::from(5802);
+        let stake_amount_raw: u64 = 340_000_000_000;
+
+        let netuid = mock::add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+        mock::setup_reserves(
+            netuid,
+            TaoCurrency::from(130_000_000_000),
+            AlphaCurrency::from(110_000_000_000),
+        );
+
+        mock::register_ok_neuron(netuid, hotkey, coldkey, 0);
+
+        pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::add_balance_to_coldkey_account(
+            &coldkey,
+            stake_amount_raw + 1_000_000_000,
+        );
+
+        assert_ok!(pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::add_stake(
+            RawOrigin::Signed(coldkey).into(),
+            hotkey,
+            netuid,
+            stake_amount_raw.into(),
+        ));
+
+        mock::remove_stake_rate_limit_for_tests(&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid);
+
+        let expected_weight = Weight::from_parts(395_300_000, 0)
+            .saturating_add(<mock::Test as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().reads(28))
+            .saturating_add(<mock::Test as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().writes(14));
+
+        let balance_before = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::get_coldkey_balance(&coldkey);
+
+        let mut env = MockEnv::new(
+            FunctionId::RemoveStakeFullLimitV1,
+            coldkey,
+            (hotkey, netuid, Option::<TaoCurrency>::None).encode(),
+        )
+        .with_expected_weight(expected_weight);
+
+        let ret = SubtensorChainExtension::<mock::Test>::dispatch(&mut env).unwrap();
+        assert_success(ret);
+        assert_eq!(env.charged_weight(), Some(expected_weight));
+
+        let alpha_after =
+            pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+                &hotkey, &coldkey, netuid,
+            );
+        let balance_after = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::get_coldkey_balance(&coldkey);
+
+        assert!(alpha_after.is_zero());
+        assert!(balance_after > balance_before);
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn swap_stake_limit_with_tight_price_returns_slippage_error() {
+    mock::new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let owner_hotkey_a = U256::from(4701);
+        let owner_coldkey_a = U256::from(4702);
+        let owner_hotkey_b = U256::from(4703);
+        let owner_coldkey_b = U256::from(4704);
+        let coldkey = U256::from(5701);
+        let hotkey = U256::from(5702);
+
+        let stake_alpha = AlphaCurrency::from(150_000_000_000u64);
+
+        let netuid_a = mock::add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey_a, &owner_coldkey_a);
+        let netuid_b = mock::add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey_b, &owner_coldkey_b);
+
+        mock::setup_reserves(
+            netuid_a,
+            TaoCurrency::from(150_000_000_000),
+            AlphaCurrency::from(110_000_000_000),
+        );
+        mock::setup_reserves(
+            netuid_b,
+            TaoCurrency::from(120_000_000_000),
+            AlphaCurrency::from(90_000_000_000),
+        );
+
+        mock::register_ok_neuron(netuid_a, hotkey, coldkey, 0);
+        mock::register_ok_neuron(netuid_b, hotkey, coldkey, 1);
+
+        pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &coldkey,
+            netuid_a,
+            stake_alpha,
+        );
+
+        mock::remove_stake_rate_limit_for_tests(&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid_a);
+
+        let alpha_origin_before =
+            pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+                &hotkey, &coldkey, netuid_a,
+            );
+        let alpha_destination_before =
+            pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+                &hotkey, &coldkey, netuid_b,
+            );
+
+        let alpha_to_swap: AlphaCurrency = (alpha_origin_before.to_u64() / 8).into();
+        let limit_price: TaoCurrency = 100u64.into();
+
+        let expected_weight = Weight::from_parts(411_500_000, 0)
+            .saturating_add(<mock::Test as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().reads(35))
+            .saturating_add(<mock::Test as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().writes(22));
+
+        let mut env = MockEnv::new(
+            FunctionId::SwapStakeLimitV1,
+            coldkey,
+            (hotkey, netuid_a, netuid_b, alpha_to_swap, limit_price, true).encode(),
+        )
+        .with_expected_weight(expected_weight);
+
+        let ret = SubtensorChainExtension::<mock::Test>::dispatch(&mut env).unwrap();
+        assert_success(ret);
+        assert_eq!(env.charged_weight(), Some(expected_weight));
+
+        let alpha_origin_after =
+            pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+                &hotkey, &coldkey, netuid_a,
+            );
+        let alpha_destination_after =
+            pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+                &hotkey, &coldkey, netuid_b,
+            );
+
+        assert!(alpha_origin_after <= alpha_origin_before);
+        assert!(alpha_destination_after >= alpha_destination_before);
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn remove_stake_limit_success_respects_price_limit() {
+    mock::new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let owner_hotkey = U256::from(4601);
+        let owner_coldkey = U256::from(4602);
+        let coldkey = U256::from(5601);
+        let hotkey = U256::from(5602);
+        let stake_amount_raw: u64 = 320_000_000_000;
+
+        let netuid = mock::add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+        mock::setup_reserves(
+            netuid,
+            TaoCurrency::from(120_000_000_000),
+            AlphaCurrency::from(100_000_000_000),
+        );
+
+        mock::register_ok_neuron(netuid, hotkey, coldkey, 0);
+
+        pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::add_balance_to_coldkey_account(
+            &coldkey,
+            stake_amount_raw + 1_000_000_000,
+        );
+
+        assert_ok!(pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::add_stake(
+            RawOrigin::Signed(coldkey).into(),
+            hotkey,
+            netuid,
+            stake_amount_raw.into(),
+        ));
+
+        mock::remove_stake_rate_limit_for_tests(&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid);
+
+        let alpha_before =
+            pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+                &hotkey, &coldkey, netuid,
+            );
+
+        let current_price =
+            <mock::Test as pallet_subtensor::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(
+                netuid.into(),
+            );
+        let limit_price_value = (current_price.to_num::<f64>() * 990_000_000f64).round() as u64;
+        let limit_price: TaoCurrency = limit_price_value.into();
+
+        let alpha_to_unstake: AlphaCurrency = (alpha_before.to_u64() / 2).into();
+
+        let expected_weight = Weight::from_parts(377_400_000, 0)
+            .saturating_add(<mock::Test as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().reads(28))
+            .saturating_add(<mock::Test as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().writes(14));
+
+        let balance_before = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::get_coldkey_balance(&coldkey);
+
+        let mut env = MockEnv::new(
+            FunctionId::RemoveStakeLimitV1,
+            coldkey,
+            (hotkey, netuid, alpha_to_unstake, limit_price, true).encode(),
+        )
+        .with_expected_weight(expected_weight);
+
+        let ret = SubtensorChainExtension::<mock::Test>::dispatch(&mut env).unwrap();
+        assert_success(ret);
+        assert_eq!(env.charged_weight(), Some(expected_weight));
+
+        let alpha_after =
+            pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+                &hotkey, &coldkey, netuid,
+            );
+        let balance_after = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::get_coldkey_balance(&coldkey);
+
+        assert!(alpha_after < alpha_before);
+        assert!(balance_after > balance_before);
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn add_stake_limit_success_executes_within_price_guard() {
+    mock::new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let owner_hotkey = U256::from(4501);
+        let owner_coldkey = U256::from(4502);
+        let coldkey = U256::from(5501);
+        let hotkey = U256::from(5502);
+        let amount_raw: u64 = 900_000_000_000;
+        let limit_price: TaoCurrency = 24_000_000_000u64.into();
+
+        let netuid = mock::add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+
+        mock::setup_reserves(
+            netuid,
+            TaoCurrency::from(150_000_000_000),
+            AlphaCurrency::from(100_000_000_000),
+        );
+
+        mock::register_ok_neuron(netuid, hotkey, coldkey, 0);
+
+        pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::add_balance_to_coldkey_account(
+            &coldkey,
+            amount_raw + 1_000_000_000,
+        );
+
+        let stake_before =
+            pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+                &hotkey, &coldkey, netuid,
+            );
+        let balance_before = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::get_coldkey_balance(&coldkey);
+
+        let expected_weight = Weight::from_parts(402_900_000, 0)
+            .saturating_add(<mock::Test as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().reads(24))
+            .saturating_add(<mock::Test as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().writes(15));
+
+        let mut env = MockEnv::new(
+            FunctionId::AddStakeLimitV1,
+            coldkey,
+            (
+                hotkey,
+                netuid,
+                TaoCurrency::from(amount_raw),
+                limit_price,
+                true,
+            )
+                .encode(),
+        )
+        .with_expected_weight(expected_weight);
+
+        let ret = SubtensorChainExtension::<mock::Test>::dispatch(&mut env).unwrap();
+        assert_success(ret);
+        assert_eq!(env.charged_weight(), Some(expected_weight));
+
+        let stake_after =
+            pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+                &hotkey, &coldkey, netuid,
+            );
+        let balance_after = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::get_coldkey_balance(&coldkey);
+
+        assert!(stake_after > stake_before);
+        assert!(stake_after > AlphaCurrency::ZERO);
+        assert!(balance_after < balance_before);
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn swap_stake_success_moves_between_subnets() {
+    mock::new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let owner_hotkey_a = U256::from(4401);
+        let owner_coldkey_a = U256::from(4402);
+        let owner_hotkey_b = U256::from(4403);
+        let owner_coldkey_b = U256::from(4404);
+        let coldkey = U256::from(5401);
+        let hotkey = U256::from(5402);
+
+        let min_stake = DefaultMinStake::<mock::Test>::get();
+        let stake_amount_raw = min_stake.to_u64().saturating_mul(260);
+
+        let netuid_a = mock::add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey_a, &owner_coldkey_a);
+        let netuid_b = mock::add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey_b, &owner_coldkey_b);
+
+        mock::setup_reserves(
+            netuid_a,
+            stake_amount_raw.saturating_mul(18).into(),
+            AlphaCurrency::from(stake_amount_raw.saturating_mul(30)),
+        );
+        mock::setup_reserves(
+            netuid_b,
+            stake_amount_raw.saturating_mul(20).into(),
+            AlphaCurrency::from(stake_amount_raw.saturating_mul(28)),
+        );
+
+        mock::register_ok_neuron(netuid_a, hotkey, coldkey, 0);
+        mock::register_ok_neuron(netuid_b, hotkey, coldkey, 1);
+
+        pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::add_balance_to_coldkey_account(
+            &coldkey,
+            stake_amount_raw + 1_000_000_000,
+        );
+
+        assert_ok!(pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::add_stake(
+            RawOrigin::Signed(coldkey).into(),
+            hotkey,
+            netuid_a,
+            stake_amount_raw.into(),
+        ));
+
+        mock::remove_stake_rate_limit_for_tests(&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid_a);
+
+        let alpha_origin_before =
+            pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+                &hotkey, &coldkey, netuid_a,
+            );
+        let alpha_destination_before =
+            pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+                &hotkey, &coldkey, netuid_b,
+            );
+        let alpha_to_swap: AlphaCurrency = (alpha_origin_before.to_u64() / 3).into();
+
+        let expected_weight = Weight::from_parts(351_300_000, 0)
+            .saturating_add(<mock::Test as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().reads(35))
+            .saturating_add(<mock::Test as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().writes(22));
+
+        let mut env = MockEnv::new(
+            FunctionId::SwapStakeV1,
+            coldkey,
+            (hotkey, netuid_a, netuid_b, alpha_to_swap).encode(),
+        )
+        .with_expected_weight(expected_weight);
+
+        let ret = SubtensorChainExtension::<mock::Test>::dispatch(&mut env).unwrap();
+        assert_success(ret);
+        assert_eq!(env.charged_weight(), Some(expected_weight));
+
+        let alpha_origin_after =
+            pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+                &hotkey, &coldkey, netuid_a,
+            );
+        let alpha_destination_after =
+            pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+                &hotkey, &coldkey, netuid_b,
+            );
+
+        assert!(alpha_origin_after < alpha_origin_before);
+        assert!(
+            alpha_destination_after > alpha_destination_before,
+            "destination stake should increase"
+        );
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn transfer_stake_success_moves_between_coldkeys() {
+    mock::new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let owner_hotkey = U256::from(4301);
+        let owner_coldkey = U256::from(4302);
+        let origin_coldkey = U256::from(5301);
+        let destination_coldkey = U256::from(5302);
+        let hotkey = U256::from(5303);
+
+        let min_stake = DefaultMinStake::<mock::Test>::get();
+        let stake_amount_raw = min_stake.to_u64().saturating_mul(250);
+
+        let netuid = mock::add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+        mock::setup_reserves(
+            netuid,
+            stake_amount_raw.saturating_mul(15).into(),
+            AlphaCurrency::from(stake_amount_raw.saturating_mul(25)),
+        );
+
+        mock::register_ok_neuron(netuid, hotkey, origin_coldkey, 0);
+
+        pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::add_balance_to_coldkey_account(
+            &origin_coldkey,
+            stake_amount_raw + 1_000_000_000,
+        );
+
+        assert_ok!(pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::add_stake(
+            RawOrigin::Signed(origin_coldkey).into(),
+            hotkey,
+            netuid,
+            stake_amount_raw.into(),
+        ));
+
+        mock::remove_stake_rate_limit_for_tests(&hotkey, &origin_coldkey, netuid);
+
+        let alpha_before =
+            pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+                &hotkey,
+                &origin_coldkey,
+                netuid,
+            );
+        let alpha_to_transfer: AlphaCurrency = (alpha_before.to_u64() / 3).into();
+
+        let expected_weight = Weight::from_parts(160_300_000, 0)
+            .saturating_add(<mock::Test as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().reads(13))
+            .saturating_add(<mock::Test as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().writes(6));
+
+        let mut env = MockEnv::new(
+            FunctionId::TransferStakeV1,
+            origin_coldkey,
+            (
+                destination_coldkey,
+                hotkey,
+                netuid,
+                netuid,
+                alpha_to_transfer,
+            )
+                .encode(),
+        )
+        .with_expected_weight(expected_weight);
+
+        let ret = SubtensorChainExtension::<mock::Test>::dispatch(&mut env).unwrap();
+        assert_success(ret);
+        assert_eq!(env.charged_weight(), Some(expected_weight));
+
+        let origin_alpha_after =
+            pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+                &hotkey,
+                &origin_coldkey,
+                netuid,
+            );
+        let destination_alpha_after =
+            pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+                &hotkey,
+                &destination_coldkey,
+                netuid,
+            );
+
+        assert_eq!(origin_alpha_after, alpha_before - alpha_to_transfer);
+        assert_eq!(destination_alpha_after, alpha_to_transfer);
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn move_stake_success_moves_alpha_between_hotkeys() {
+    mock::new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let owner_hotkey = U256::from(4201);
+        let owner_coldkey = U256::from(4202);
+        let coldkey = U256::from(5201);
+        let origin_hotkey = U256::from(5202);
+        let destination_hotkey = U256::from(5203);
+
+        let min_stake = DefaultMinStake::<mock::Test>::get();
+        let stake_amount_raw = min_stake.to_u64().saturating_mul(240);
+
+        let netuid = mock::add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+        mock::setup_reserves(
+            netuid,
+            stake_amount_raw.saturating_mul(15).into(),
+            AlphaCurrency::from(stake_amount_raw.saturating_mul(25)),
+        );
+
+        mock::register_ok_neuron(netuid, origin_hotkey, coldkey, 0);
+        mock::register_ok_neuron(netuid, destination_hotkey, coldkey, 1);
+
+        pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::add_balance_to_coldkey_account(
+            &coldkey,
+            stake_amount_raw + 1_000_000_000,
+        );
+
+        assert_ok!(pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::add_stake(
+            RawOrigin::Signed(coldkey).into(),
+            origin_hotkey,
+            netuid,
+            stake_amount_raw.into(),
+        ));
+
+        mock::remove_stake_rate_limit_for_tests(&origin_hotkey, &coldkey, netuid);
+
+        let alpha_before =
+            pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+                &origin_hotkey,
+                &coldkey,
+                netuid,
+            );
+        let alpha_to_move: AlphaCurrency = (alpha_before.to_u64() / 2).into();
+
+        let expected_weight = Weight::from_parts(164_300_000, 0)
+            .saturating_add(<mock::Test as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().reads(15))
+            .saturating_add(<mock::Test as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().writes(7));
+
+        let mut env = MockEnv::new(
+            FunctionId::MoveStakeV1,
+            coldkey,
+            (
+                origin_hotkey,
+                destination_hotkey,
+                netuid,
+                netuid,
+                alpha_to_move,
+            )
+                .encode(),
+        )
+        .with_expected_weight(expected_weight);
+
+        let ret = SubtensorChainExtension::<mock::Test>::dispatch(&mut env).unwrap();
+        assert_success(ret);
+        assert_eq!(env.charged_weight(), Some(expected_weight));
+
+        let origin_alpha_after =
+            pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+                &origin_hotkey,
+                &coldkey,
+                netuid,
+            );
+        let destination_alpha_after =
+            pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+                &destination_hotkey,
+                &coldkey,
+                netuid,
+            );
+
+        assert_eq!(origin_alpha_after, alpha_before - alpha_to_move);
+        assert_eq!(destination_alpha_after, alpha_to_move);
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn unstake_all_alpha_success_moves_stake_to_root() {
+    mock::new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let owner_hotkey = U256::from(4101);
+        let owner_coldkey = U256::from(4102);
+        let coldkey = U256::from(5101);
+        let hotkey = U256::from(5102);
+        let min_stake = DefaultMinStake::<mock::Test>::get();
+        let stake_amount_raw = min_stake.to_u64().saturating_mul(220);
+        let netuid = mock::add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+
+        mock::setup_reserves(
+            netuid,
+            stake_amount_raw.saturating_mul(20).into(),
+            AlphaCurrency::from(stake_amount_raw.saturating_mul(30)),
+        );
+
+        mock::register_ok_neuron(netuid, hotkey, coldkey, 0);
+        pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::add_balance_to_coldkey_account(
+            &coldkey,
+            stake_amount_raw + 1_000_000_000,
+        );
+
+        assert_ok!(pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::add_stake(
+            RawOrigin::Signed(coldkey).into(),
+            hotkey,
+            netuid,
+            stake_amount_raw.into(),
+        ));
+
+        mock::remove_stake_rate_limit_for_tests(&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid);
+
+        let expected_weight = Weight::from_parts(358_500_000, 0)
+            .saturating_add(<mock::Test as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().reads(36))
+            .saturating_add(<mock::Test as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().writes(21));
+
+        let mut env = MockEnv::new(FunctionId::UnstakeAllAlphaV1, coldkey, hotkey.encode())
+            .with_expected_weight(expected_weight);
+
+        let ret = SubtensorChainExtension::<mock::Test>::dispatch(&mut env).unwrap();
+        assert_success(ret);
+        assert_eq!(env.charged_weight(), Some(expected_weight));
+
+        let subnet_alpha =
+            pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+                &hotkey, &coldkey, netuid,
+            );
+        assert!(subnet_alpha <= AlphaCurrency::from(1_000));
+
+        let root_alpha =
+            pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+                &hotkey,
+                &coldkey,
+                NetUid::ROOT,
+            );
+        assert!(root_alpha > AlphaCurrency::ZERO);
+    });
+}
+
+impl MockEnv {
+    fn new(func_id: FunctionId, caller: AccountId, input: Vec<u8>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            func_id: func_id as u16,
+            caller,
+            input,
+            output: Vec::new(),
+            charged_weight: None,
+            expected_weight: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn with_expected_weight(mut self, weight: Weight) -> Self {
+        self.expected_weight = Some(weight);
+        self
+    }
+
+    fn charged_weight(&self) -> Option<Weight> {
+        self.charged_weight
+    }
+
+    fn output(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        &self.output
+    }
+}
+
+impl SubtensorExtensionEnv<AccountId> for MockEnv {
+    fn func_id(&self) -> u16 {
+        self.func_id
+    }
+
+    fn charge_weight(&mut self, weight: Weight) -> Result<(), DispatchError> {
+        if let Some(expected) = self.expected_weight {
+            if weight != expected {
+                return Err(DispatchError::Other(
+                    "unexpected weight charged by mock env",
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+        self.charged_weight = Some(weight);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn read_as<T: codec::Decode + codec::MaxEncodedLen>(&mut self) -> Result<T, DispatchError> {
+        T::decode(&mut &self.input[..]).map_err(|_| DispatchError::Other("mock env decode failure"))
+    }
+
+    fn write_output(&mut self, data: &[u8]) -> Result<(), DispatchError> {
+        self.output.clear();
+        self.output.extend_from_slice(data);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn caller(&mut self) -> AccountId {
+        self.caller
+    }
+}
+
+fn assert_success(ret: RetVal) {
+    match ret {
+        RetVal::Converging(code) => {
+            assert_eq!(code, Output::Success as u32, "expected success code")
+        }
+        _ => panic!("unexpected return value"),
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn get_stake_info_returns_encoded_runtime_value() {
+    mock::new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let owner_hotkey = U256::from(1);
+        let owner_coldkey = U256::from(2);
+        let hotkey = U256::from(11);
+        let coldkey = U256::from(22);
+        let netuid = mock::add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+        mock::register_ok_neuron(netuid, hotkey, coldkey, 0);
+
+        let expected =
+            pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::get_stake_info_for_hotkey_coldkey_netuid(
+                hotkey, coldkey, netuid,
+            )
+            .encode();
+
+        let mut env = MockEnv::new(
+            FunctionId::GetStakeInfoForHotkeyColdkeyNetuidV1,
+            coldkey,
+            (hotkey, coldkey, netuid).encode(),
+        );
+
+        let ret = SubtensorChainExtension::<mock::Test>::dispatch(&mut env).unwrap();
+
+        assert_success(ret);
+        assert_eq!(env.output(), expected.as_slice());
+        assert!(env.charged_weight().is_none());
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn add_stake_success_updates_stake_and_returns_success_code() {
+    mock::new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let owner_hotkey = U256::from(1);
+        let owner_coldkey = U256::from(2);
+        let coldkey = U256::from(101);
+        let hotkey = U256::from(202);
+        let min_stake = DefaultMinStake::<mock::Test>::get();
+        let amount_raw = min_stake.to_u64().saturating_mul(10);
+        let amount: TaoCurrency = amount_raw.into();
+
+        let netuid = mock::add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+        mock::setup_reserves(
+            netuid,
+            (amount_raw * 1_000_000).into(),
+            AlphaCurrency::from(amount_raw * 10_000_000),
+        );
+        mock::register_ok_neuron(netuid, hotkey, coldkey, 0);
+
+        pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::add_balance_to_coldkey_account(
+            &coldkey, amount_raw,
+        );
+
+        assert!(
+            pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::get_total_stake_for_hotkey(&hotkey).is_zero()
+        );
+
+        let expected_weight = Weight::from_parts(340_800_000, 0)
+            .saturating_add(<mock::Test as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().reads(24))
+            .saturating_add(<mock::Test as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().writes(15));
+
+        let mut env = MockEnv::new(
+            FunctionId::AddStakeV1,
+            coldkey,
+            (hotkey, netuid, amount).encode(),
+        )
+        .with_expected_weight(expected_weight);
+
+        let ret = SubtensorChainExtension::<mock::Test>::dispatch(&mut env).unwrap();
+
+        assert_success(ret);
+        assert_eq!(env.charged_weight(), Some(expected_weight));
+
+        let total_stake =
+            pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::get_total_stake_for_hotkey(&hotkey);
+        assert!(total_stake > TaoCurrency::ZERO);
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn remove_stake_with_no_stake_returns_amount_too_low() {
+    mock::new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let owner_hotkey = U256::from(1);
+        let owner_coldkey = U256::from(2);
+        let coldkey = U256::from(301);
+        let hotkey = U256::from(302);
+        let netuid = mock::add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+        mock::register_ok_neuron(netuid, hotkey, coldkey, 0);
+
+        let min_stake = DefaultMinStake::<mock::Test>::get();
+        let amount: AlphaCurrency = AlphaCurrency::from(min_stake.to_u64());
+
+        let expected_weight = Weight::from_parts(196_800_000, 0)
+            .saturating_add(<mock::Test as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().reads(19))
+            .saturating_add(<mock::Test as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().writes(10));
+
+        let mut env = MockEnv::new(
+            FunctionId::RemoveStakeV1,
+            coldkey,
+            (hotkey, netuid, amount).encode(),
+        )
+        .with_expected_weight(expected_weight);
+
+        let ret = SubtensorChainExtension::<mock::Test>::dispatch(&mut env).unwrap();
+
+        match ret {
+            RetVal::Converging(code) => {
+                assert_eq!(code, Output::AmountTooLow as u32, "mismatched error output")
+            }
+            _ => panic!("unexpected return value"),
+        }
+        assert_eq!(env.charged_weight(), Some(expected_weight));
+        assert!(
+            pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::get_total_stake_for_hotkey(&hotkey).is_zero()
+        );
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn unstake_all_success_unstakes_balance() {
+    mock::new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let owner_hotkey = U256::from(4001);
+        let owner_coldkey = U256::from(4002);
+        let coldkey = U256::from(5001);
+        let hotkey = U256::from(5002);
+        let min_stake = DefaultMinStake::<mock::Test>::get();
+        let stake_amount_raw = min_stake.to_u64().saturating_mul(200);
+        let netuid = mock::add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+
+        mock::setup_reserves(
+            netuid,
+            stake_amount_raw.saturating_mul(10).into(),
+            AlphaCurrency::from(stake_amount_raw.saturating_mul(20)),
+        );
+
+        mock::register_ok_neuron(netuid, hotkey, coldkey, 0);
+        pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::add_balance_to_coldkey_account(
+            &coldkey,
+            stake_amount_raw + 1_000_000_000,
+        );
+
+        assert_ok!(pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::add_stake(
+            RawOrigin::Signed(coldkey).into(),
+            hotkey,
+            netuid,
+            stake_amount_raw.into(),
+        ));
+
+        mock::remove_stake_rate_limit_for_tests(&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid);
+
+        let expected_weight = Weight::from_parts(28_830_000, 0)
+            .saturating_add(<mock::Test as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().reads(6))
+            .saturating_add(<mock::Test as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().writes(0));
+
+        let pre_balance = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::get_coldkey_balance(&coldkey);
+
+        let mut env = MockEnv::new(FunctionId::UnstakeAllV1, coldkey, hotkey.encode())
+            .with_expected_weight(expected_weight);
+
+        let ret = SubtensorChainExtension::<mock::Test>::dispatch(&mut env).unwrap();
+        assert_success(ret);
+        assert_eq!(env.charged_weight(), Some(expected_weight));
+
+        let remaining_alpha =
+            pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+                &hotkey, &coldkey, netuid,
+            );
+        assert!(remaining_alpha <= AlphaCurrency::from(1_000));
+
+        let post_balance = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::get_coldkey_balance(&coldkey);
+        assert!(post_balance > pre_balance);
+    });
+}

From 8e55f846d4f59ea49803abcbd1f60448df3d8183 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 16 Oct 2025 15:16:45 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 138/218] refactor(runtime): replace chain extension with
 subtensor-chain-extensions crate

---
 Cargo.lock                     |  1 +
 runtime/Cargo.toml             |  2 ++
 runtime/src/chain_extension.rs | 52 ----------------------------------
 runtime/src/lib.rs             |  3 +-
 4 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 54 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 runtime/src/chain_extension.rs

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index f58e912ad1..36d2316641 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -8347,6 +8347,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "sp-version",
  "substrate-fixed",
  "substrate-wasm-builder",
+ "subtensor-chain-extensions",
  "subtensor-custom-rpc-runtime-api",
  "subtensor-macros",
  "subtensor-precompiles",
diff --git a/runtime/Cargo.toml b/runtime/Cargo.toml
index 113d63d390..138216f5a2 100644
--- a/runtime/Cargo.toml
+++ b/runtime/Cargo.toml
@@ -100,6 +100,7 @@ runtime-common.workspace = true
 
 # Wasm smart contracts support
 pallet-contracts.workspace = true
+subtensor-chain-extensions.workspace = true
 
 # NPoS
 frame-election-provider-support = { workspace = true }
@@ -274,6 +275,7 @@ std = [
 	"pallet-subtensor-swap-runtime-api/std",
 	"subtensor-swap-interface/std",
 	"pallet-contracts/std",
+	"subtensor-chain-extensions/std",
 	"ethereum/std",
 ]
 runtime-benchmarks = [
diff --git a/runtime/src/chain_extension.rs b/runtime/src/chain_extension.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 801bc83fab..0000000000
--- a/runtime/src/chain_extension.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-use codec::Encode;
-use pallet_contracts::chain_extension::{
-    ChainExtension, Environment, Ext, InitState, RetVal, SysConfig,
-};
-use sp_runtime::{AccountId32, DispatchError};
-use subtensor_runtime_common::NetUid;
-
-use crate::{Runtime, SubtensorModule};
-
-#[derive(Default)]
-pub struct SubtensorChainExtension;
-
-impl ChainExtension<Runtime> for SubtensorChainExtension {
-    fn call<E: Ext>(&mut self, env: Environment<E, InitState>) -> Result<RetVal, DispatchError>
-    where
-        E::T: SysConfig,
-    {
-        let func_id = env.func_id();
-
-        match func_id {
-            // Function ID 1001: get_stake_info_for_hotkey_coldkey_netuid
-            1001 => {
-                let mut env = env.buf_in_buf_out();
-
-                let input: (AccountId32, AccountId32, NetUid) = env
-                    .read_as()
-                    .map_err(|_| DispatchError::Other("Failed to decode input parameters"))?;
-
-                let (hotkey, coldkey, netuid) = input;
-
-                let stake_info = SubtensorModule::get_stake_info_for_hotkey_coldkey_netuid(
-                    hotkey, coldkey, netuid,
-                );
-
-                let encoded_result = stake_info.encode();
-
-                env.write(&encoded_result, false, None)
-                    .map_err(|_| DispatchError::Other("Failed to write output"))?;
-
-                Ok(RetVal::Converging(0))
-            }
-            _ => {
-                log::error!("Called an unregistered chain extension function: {func_id}",);
-                Err(DispatchError::Other("Unimplemented function ID"))
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn enabled() -> bool {
-        true
-    }
-}
diff --git a/runtime/src/lib.rs b/runtime/src/lib.rs
index ba21b93211..486b88b70d 100644
--- a/runtime/src/lib.rs
+++ b/runtime/src/lib.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/wasm_binary.rs"));
 
 use core::num::NonZeroU64;
 
-pub mod chain_extension;
 pub mod check_nonce;
 mod migrations;
 pub mod transaction_payment_wrapper;
@@ -1704,7 +1703,7 @@ impl pallet_contracts::Config for Runtime {
     type CallStack = [pallet_contracts::Frame<Self>; 5];
     type WeightPrice = pallet_transaction_payment::Pallet<Self>;
     type WeightInfo = pallet_contracts::weights::SubstrateWeight<Self>;
-    type ChainExtension = chain_extension::SubtensorChainExtension;
+    type ChainExtension = subtensor_chain_extensions::SubtensorChainExtension<Self>;
     type Schedule = ContractsSchedule;
     type AddressGenerator = pallet_contracts::DefaultAddressGenerator;
     type MaxCodeLen = ConstU32<{ 128 * 1024 }>;

From c9d8d592dc6a77f11b5c70562423cba94837c574 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Loris Moulin <contact@lorismoulin.com>
Date: Thu, 16 Oct 2025 10:23:15 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 139/218] only allow refund for crowdloan creator

---
 pallets/crowdloan/src/lib.rs   |  5 +++-
 pallets/crowdloan/src/tests.rs | 51 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
 2 files changed, 43 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/crowdloan/src/lib.rs b/pallets/crowdloan/src/lib.rs
index 52ea3bd166..e186766d01 100644
--- a/pallets/crowdloan/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/crowdloan/src/lib.rs
@@ -638,13 +638,16 @@ pub mod pallet {
             origin: OriginFor<T>,
             #[pallet::compact] crowdloan_id: CrowdloanId,
         ) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
-            ensure_signed(origin)?;
+            let who = ensure_signed(origin)?;
 
             let mut crowdloan = Self::ensure_crowdloan_exists(crowdloan_id)?;
 
             // Ensure the crowdloan is not finalized
             ensure!(!crowdloan.finalized, Error::<T>::AlreadyFinalized);
 
+            // Only the creator can dissolve the crowdloan
+            ensure!(who == crowdloan.creator, Error::<T>::InvalidOrigin);
+
             let mut refunded_contributors: Vec<T::AccountId> = vec![];
             let mut refund_count = 0;
 
diff --git a/pallets/crowdloan/src/tests.rs b/pallets/crowdloan/src/tests.rs
index bbc2c64795..67d097e1e1 100644
--- a/pallets/crowdloan/src/tests.rs
+++ b/pallets/crowdloan/src/tests.rs
@@ -1618,20 +1618,47 @@ fn test_refund_succeeds() {
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn test_refund_fails_if_bad_origin() {
-    TestState::default().build_and_execute(|| {
-        let crowdloan_id: CrowdloanId = 0;
+fn test_refund_fails_if_bad_or_invalid_origin() {
+    TestState::default()
+        .with_balance(U256::from(1), 100)
+        .build_and_execute(|| {
+            // create a crowdloan
+            let crowdloan_id: CrowdloanId = 0;
+            let creator: AccountOf<Test> = U256::from(1);
+            let initial_deposit: BalanceOf<Test> = 50;
+            let min_contribution: BalanceOf<Test> = 10;
+            let cap: BalanceOf<Test> = 300;
+            let end: BlockNumberFor<Test> = 50;
+            assert_ok!(Crowdloan::create(
+                RuntimeOrigin::signed(creator),
+                initial_deposit,
+                min_contribution,
+                cap,
+                end,
+                Some(noop_call()),
+                None,
+            ));
 
-        assert_err!(
-            Crowdloan::refund(RuntimeOrigin::none(), crowdloan_id),
-            DispatchError::BadOrigin
-        );
+            assert_err!(
+                Crowdloan::refund(RuntimeOrigin::none(), crowdloan_id),
+                DispatchError::BadOrigin
+            );
 
-        assert_err!(
-            Crowdloan::refund(RuntimeOrigin::root(), crowdloan_id),
-            DispatchError::BadOrigin
-        );
-    });
+            assert_err!(
+                Crowdloan::refund(RuntimeOrigin::root(), crowdloan_id),
+                DispatchError::BadOrigin
+            );
+
+            // run some blocks
+            run_to_block(60);
+
+            // try to refund
+            let unknown_contributor: AccountOf<Test> = U256::from(2);
+            assert_err!(
+                Crowdloan::refund(RuntimeOrigin::signed(unknown_contributor), crowdloan_id),
+                pallet_crowdloan::Error::<Test>::InvalidOrigin,
+            );
+        });
 }
 
 #[test]

From 8dd3c5c6c79d5c49d3274586e2d91b0bed297043 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 16 Oct 2025 15:24:21 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 140/218] refactor(contracts): remove SubtensorModule calls
 from whitelist

---
 docs/contracts.md  | 12 ------------
 runtime/src/lib.rs | 15 ---------------
 2 files changed, 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/contracts.md b/docs/contracts.md
index 068b9d5666..b6d3f297a2 100644
--- a/docs/contracts.md
+++ b/docs/contracts.md
@@ -43,18 +43,6 @@ pub trait SubtensorExtension {
 For security, contracts can only dispatch a limited set of runtime calls:
 
 **Whitelisted Calls:**
-- `SubtensorModule::add_stake` - Delegate stake from a coldkey to a hotkey
-- `SubtensorModule::remove_stake` - Withdraw stake from a hotkey back to the caller
-- `SubtensorModule::unstake_all` - Unstake all funds associated with a hotkey
-- `SubtensorModule::unstake_all_alpha` - Unstake all alpha stake from a hotkey
-- `SubtensorModule::move_stake` - Move stake between hotkeys
-- `SubtensorModule::transfer_stake` - Transfer stake between coldkeys (optionally across subnets)
-- `SubtensorModule::swap_stake` - Swap stake allocations between subnets
-- `SubtensorModule::add_stake_limit` - Delegate stake with a price limit
-- `SubtensorModule::remove_stake_limit` - Withdraw staked funds with a price limit
-- `SubtensorModule::swap_stake_limit` - Swap stake between subnets with a price limit
-- `SubtensorModule::remove_stake_full_limit` - Fully withdraw stake subject to a price limit
-- `SubtensorModule::set_coldkey_auto_stake_hotkey` - Configure the automatic stake destination for a coldkey
 - `Proxy::proxy` - Execute proxy calls
 - `Proxy::add_proxy` - Add a proxy relationship
 
diff --git a/runtime/src/lib.rs b/runtime/src/lib.rs
index 486b88b70d..a0bed93d3a 100644
--- a/runtime/src/lib.rs
+++ b/runtime/src/lib.rs
@@ -1666,21 +1666,6 @@ pub struct ContractCallFilter;
 impl Contains<RuntimeCall> for ContractCallFilter {
     fn contains(call: &RuntimeCall) -> bool {
         match call {
-            RuntimeCall::SubtensorModule(inner) => matches!(
-                inner,
-                pallet_subtensor::Call::add_stake { .. }
-                    | pallet_subtensor::Call::remove_stake { .. }
-                    | pallet_subtensor::Call::unstake_all { .. }
-                    | pallet_subtensor::Call::unstake_all_alpha { .. }
-                    | pallet_subtensor::Call::move_stake { .. }
-                    | pallet_subtensor::Call::transfer_stake { .. }
-                    | pallet_subtensor::Call::swap_stake { .. }
-                    | pallet_subtensor::Call::add_stake_limit { .. }
-                    | pallet_subtensor::Call::remove_stake_limit { .. }
-                    | pallet_subtensor::Call::swap_stake_limit { .. }
-                    | pallet_subtensor::Call::remove_stake_full_limit { .. }
-                    | pallet_subtensor::Call::set_coldkey_auto_stake_hotkey { .. }
-            ),
             RuntimeCall::Proxy(inner) => matches!(
                 inner,
                 pallet_proxy::Call::proxy { .. } | pallet_proxy::Call::add_proxy { .. }

From 4e7e9130bbfb1a6d8fd3f68a1d64cf69f3a2a943 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 16 Oct 2025 15:34:38 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 141/218] docs(contracts): document all chain extension
 functions and error codes

---
 docs/contracts.md | 39 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 37 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/contracts.md b/docs/contracts.md
index b6d3f297a2..5dd6ce45f5 100644
--- a/docs/contracts.md
+++ b/docs/contracts.md
@@ -21,7 +21,19 @@ Subtensor provides a custom chain extension that allows smart contracts to inter
 
 | Function ID | Name | Description | Parameters | Returns |
 |------------|------|-------------|------------|---------|
-| 1001 | `get_stake_info_for_hotkey_coldkey_netuid` | Query stake information | `(AccountId32, AccountId32, NetUid)` | Stake information |
+| 0 | `get_stake_info_for_hotkey_coldkey_netuid` | Query stake information | `(AccountId, AccountId, NetUid)` | `Option<StakeInfo>` |
+| 1 | `add_stake` | Delegate stake from coldkey to hotkey | `(AccountId, NetUid, TaoCurrency)` | Error code |
+| 2 | `remove_stake` | Withdraw stake from hotkey back to coldkey | `(AccountId, NetUid, AlphaCurrency)` | Error code |
+| 3 | `unstake_all` | Unstake all TAO from a hotkey | `(AccountId)` | Error code |
+| 4 | `unstake_all_alpha` | Unstake all Alpha from a hotkey | `(AccountId)` | Error code |
+| 5 | `move_stake` | Move stake between hotkeys | `(AccountId, AccountId, NetUid, NetUid, AlphaCurrency)` | Error code |
+| 6 | `transfer_stake` | Transfer stake between coldkeys | `(AccountId, AccountId, NetUid, NetUid, AlphaCurrency)` | Error code |
+| 7 | `swap_stake` | Swap stake allocations between subnets | `(AccountId, NetUid, NetUid, AlphaCurrency)` | Error code |
+| 8 | `add_stake_limit` | Delegate stake with a price limit | `(AccountId, NetUid, TaoCurrency, TaoCurrency, bool)` | Error code |
+| 9 | `remove_stake_limit` | Withdraw stake with a price limit | `(AccountId, NetUid, AlphaCurrency, TaoCurrency, bool)` | Error code |
+| 10 | `swap_stake_limit` | Swap stake between subnets with price limit | `(AccountId, NetUid, NetUid, AlphaCurrency, TaoCurrency, bool)` | Error code |
+| 11 | `remove_stake_full_limit` | Fully withdraw stake with optional price limit | `(AccountId, NetUid, Option<TaoCurrency>)` | Error code |
+| 12 | `set_coldkey_auto_stake_hotkey` | Configure automatic stake destination | `(NetUid, AccountId)` | Error code |
 
 Example usage in your ink! contract:
 ```rust
@@ -29,7 +41,7 @@ Example usage in your ink! contract:
 pub trait SubtensorExtension {
     type ErrorCode = SubtensorError;
 
-    #[ink(function = 1001)]
+    #[ink(function = 0)]
     fn get_stake_info(
         hotkey: AccountId,
         coldkey: AccountId,
@@ -38,6 +50,29 @@ pub trait SubtensorExtension {
 }
 ```
 
+#### Error Codes
+
+Chain extension functions that modify state return error codes as `u32` values. The following codes are defined:
+
+| Code | Name | Description |
+|------|------|-------------|
+| 0 | `Success` | Operation completed successfully |
+| 1 | `RuntimeError` | Unknown runtime error occurred |
+| 2 | `NotEnoughBalanceToStake` | Insufficient balance to complete stake operation |
+| 3 | `NonAssociatedColdKey` | Coldkey is not associated with the hotkey |
+| 4 | `BalanceWithdrawalError` | Error occurred during balance withdrawal |
+| 5 | `NotRegistered` | Hotkey is not registered in the subnet |
+| 6 | `NotEnoughStakeToWithdraw` | Insufficient stake available for withdrawal |
+| 7 | `TxRateLimitExceeded` | Transaction rate limit has been exceeded |
+| 8 | `SlippageTooHigh` | Price slippage exceeds acceptable threshold |
+| 9 | `SubnetNotExists` | Specified subnet does not exist |
+| 10 | `HotKeyNotRegisteredInSubNet` | Hotkey is not registered in the specified subnet |
+| 11 | `SameAutoStakeHotkeyAlreadySet` | Auto-stake hotkey is already configured |
+| 12 | `InsufficientBalance` | Account has insufficient balance |
+| 13 | `AmountTooLow` | Transaction amount is below minimum threshold |
+| 14 | `InsufficientLiquidity` | Insufficient liquidity for swap operation |
+| 15 | `SameNetuid` | Source and destination subnets are the same |
+
 ### Call Filter
 
 For security, contracts can only dispatch a limited set of runtime calls:

From c213dd0146ad93535a472901c2561c5957c333bb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 16 Oct 2025 17:41:42 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 142/218] Add swap_coldkey support for root claim

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs | 31 ++++++++
 pallets/subtensor/src/swap/swap_coldkey.rs  | 15 +++-
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs   | 86 +++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 129 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
index a400ca7fb9..4e2b28aed7 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
@@ -335,4 +335,35 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             root_claim_type: new_type,
         });
     }
+
+    pub fn transfer_root_claimed_for_new_coldkey(
+        netuid: NetUid,
+        hotkey: &T::AccountId,
+        old_coldkey: &T::AccountId,
+        new_coldkey: &T::AccountId,
+    ) {
+        let old_root_claimed = RootClaimed::<T>::get((hotkey, old_coldkey, netuid));
+        RootClaimed::<T>::remove((hotkey, old_coldkey, netuid));
+
+        RootClaimed::<T>::mutate((hotkey, new_coldkey, netuid), |new_root_claimed| {
+            *new_root_claimed = old_root_claimed.saturating_add(*new_root_claimed);
+        });
+    }
+    pub fn transfer_root_claimable_for_new_hotkey(
+        old_hotkey: &T::AccountId,
+        new_hotkey: &T::AccountId,
+    ) {
+        let src_root_claimable = RootClaimable::<T>::get(old_hotkey);
+        let mut dst_root_claimable = RootClaimable::<T>::get(new_hotkey);
+        RootClaimable::<T>::remove(old_hotkey);
+
+        for (netuid, claimable_rate) in src_root_claimable.into_iter() {
+            dst_root_claimable
+                .entry(netuid)
+                .and_modify(|total| *total = total.saturating_add(claimable_rate))
+                .or_insert(claimable_rate);
+        }
+
+        RootClaimable::<T>::insert(new_hotkey, dst_root_claimable);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/swap/swap_coldkey.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/swap/swap_coldkey.rs
index 0d186c8dbf..4d848fbcfc 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/swap/swap_coldkey.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/swap/swap_coldkey.rs
@@ -189,9 +189,18 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                 // Remove the value from the old account.
                 Alpha::<T>::remove((&hotkey, old_coldkey, netuid));
 
-                // Register new coldkey with root stake
-                if new_alpha > U64F64::from(0u64) && netuid == NetUid::ROOT {
-                    Self::maybe_add_coldkey_index(new_coldkey);
+                if new_alpha.saturating_add(old_alpha) > U64F64::from(0u64) {
+                    Self::transfer_root_claimed_for_new_coldkey(
+                        netuid,
+                        &hotkey,
+                        old_coldkey,
+                        new_coldkey,
+                    );
+
+                    if netuid == NetUid::ROOT {
+                        // Register new coldkey with root stake
+                        Self::maybe_add_coldkey_index(new_coldkey);
+                    }
                 }
             }
             // Add the weight for the read and write.
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
index 4d5fe3352c..a11b032853 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ use crate::{
 };
 use crate::{RootClaimType, RootClaimTypeEnum, RootClaimed};
 use approx::assert_abs_diff_eq;
+use frame_support::pallet_prelude::Weight;
 use frame_support::{assert_noop, assert_ok};
 use sp_core::{H256, U256};
 use sp_runtime::DispatchError;
@@ -1026,3 +1027,88 @@ fn test_sudo_set_num_root_claims() {
         assert_eq!(NumRootClaim::<Test>::get(), new_value);
     });
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn test_claim_root_with_swap_coldkey() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let owner_coldkey = U256::from(1001);
+        let hotkey = U256::from(1002);
+        let coldkey = U256::from(1003);
+        let netuid = add_dynamic_network(&hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+
+        SubtensorModule::set_tao_weight(u64::MAX); // Set TAO weight to 1.0
+
+        let root_stake = 2_000_000u64;
+        SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &coldkey,
+            NetUid::ROOT,
+            root_stake.into(),
+        );
+
+        let initial_total_hotkey_alpha = 10_000_000u64;
+        SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &owner_coldkey,
+            netuid,
+            initial_total_hotkey_alpha.into(),
+        );
+
+        let old_validator_stake = SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &owner_coldkey,
+            netuid,
+        );
+        assert_eq!(old_validator_stake, initial_total_hotkey_alpha.into());
+
+        // Distribute pending root alpha
+
+        let pending_root_alpha = 1_000_000u64;
+        SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
+            netuid,
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
+            pending_root_alpha.into(),
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
+        );
+
+        // Claim root alpha
+
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::set_root_claim_type(
+            RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),
+            RootClaimTypeEnum::Keep
+        ),);
+        assert_eq!(RootClaimType::<Test>::get(coldkey), RootClaimTypeEnum::Keep);
+
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),));
+
+        let new_stake: u64 =
+            SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid)
+                .into();
+
+        // Check root claimed value saved
+        let new_coldkey = U256::from(10030);
+
+        let claimed = RootClaimed::<Test>::get((&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid));
+        assert_eq!(u128::from(new_stake), claimed);
+
+        let claimed = RootClaimed::<Test>::get((&hotkey, &new_coldkey, netuid));
+        assert_eq!(0u128, claimed);
+
+        // Swap coldkey
+        let mut weight = Weight::zero();
+
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::perform_swap_coldkey(
+            &coldkey,
+            &new_coldkey,
+            &mut weight
+        ));
+
+        // Check swapped keys claimed values
+
+        let claimed = RootClaimed::<Test>::get((&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid));
+        assert_eq!(0u128, claimed);
+
+        let claimed = RootClaimed::<Test>::get((&hotkey, &new_coldkey, netuid));
+        assert_eq!(u128::from(new_stake), claimed);
+    });
+}

From d6203c0ac432e0c4c6f67079407dcf42a0df7a78 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 16 Oct 2025 18:36:06 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 143/218] Add swap_hotkey support for root claim

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs |  11 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/swap/swap_coldkey.rs  |   3 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/swap/swap_hotkey.rs   |  10 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs   | 120 ++++++++++++++++++--
 4 files changed, 128 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
index 4e2b28aed7..baa1d460b6 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
@@ -336,16 +336,17 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         });
     }
 
-    pub fn transfer_root_claimed_for_new_coldkey(
+    pub fn transfer_root_claimed_for_new_keys(
         netuid: NetUid,
-        hotkey: &T::AccountId,
+        old_hotkey: &T::AccountId,
+        new_hotkey: &T::AccountId,
         old_coldkey: &T::AccountId,
         new_coldkey: &T::AccountId,
     ) {
-        let old_root_claimed = RootClaimed::<T>::get((hotkey, old_coldkey, netuid));
-        RootClaimed::<T>::remove((hotkey, old_coldkey, netuid));
+        let old_root_claimed = RootClaimed::<T>::get((old_hotkey, old_coldkey, netuid));
+        RootClaimed::<T>::remove((old_hotkey, old_coldkey, netuid));
 
-        RootClaimed::<T>::mutate((hotkey, new_coldkey, netuid), |new_root_claimed| {
+        RootClaimed::<T>::mutate((new_hotkey, new_coldkey, netuid), |new_root_claimed| {
             *new_root_claimed = old_root_claimed.saturating_add(*new_root_claimed);
         });
     }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/swap/swap_coldkey.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/swap/swap_coldkey.rs
index 4d848fbcfc..c81138b58c 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/swap/swap_coldkey.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/swap/swap_coldkey.rs
@@ -190,9 +190,10 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                 Alpha::<T>::remove((&hotkey, old_coldkey, netuid));
 
                 if new_alpha.saturating_add(old_alpha) > U64F64::from(0u64) {
-                    Self::transfer_root_claimed_for_new_coldkey(
+                    Self::transfer_root_claimed_for_new_keys(
                         netuid,
                         &hotkey,
+                        &hotkey,
                         old_coldkey,
                         new_coldkey,
                     );
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/swap/swap_hotkey.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/swap/swap_hotkey.rs
index 481740dd94..970fe8abb1 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/swap/swap_hotkey.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/swap/swap_hotkey.rs
@@ -525,9 +525,17 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads(old_alpha_values.len() as u64));
         weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().writes(old_alpha_values.len() as u64));
 
-        // Insert the new alpha values.
+        // 9.1. Transfer root claimable
+
+        Self::transfer_root_claimable_for_new_hotkey(old_hotkey, new_hotkey);
+
+        // 9.2.  Insert the new alpha values.
         for ((coldkey, netuid_alpha), alpha) in old_alpha_values {
             if netuid == netuid_alpha {
+                Self::transfer_root_claimed_for_new_keys(
+                    netuid, old_hotkey, new_hotkey, &coldkey, &coldkey,
+                );
+
                 let new_alpha = Alpha::<T>::take((new_hotkey, &coldkey, netuid));
                 Alpha::<T>::remove((old_hotkey, &coldkey, netuid));
                 Alpha::<T>::insert(
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
index a11b032853..8290019ec7 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
@@ -1088,11 +1088,14 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_swap_coldkey() {
         // Check root claimed value saved
         let new_coldkey = U256::from(10030);
 
-        let claimed = RootClaimed::<Test>::get((&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid));
-        assert_eq!(u128::from(new_stake), claimed);
-
-        let claimed = RootClaimed::<Test>::get((&hotkey, &new_coldkey, netuid));
-        assert_eq!(0u128, claimed);
+        assert_eq!(
+            u128::from(new_stake),
+            RootClaimed::<Test>::get((&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid))
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            0u128,
+            RootClaimed::<Test>::get((&hotkey, &new_coldkey, netuid))
+        );
 
         // Swap coldkey
         let mut weight = Weight::zero();
@@ -1105,10 +1108,109 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_swap_coldkey() {
 
         // Check swapped keys claimed values
 
-        let claimed = RootClaimed::<Test>::get((&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid));
-        assert_eq!(0u128, claimed);
+        assert_eq!(0u128, RootClaimed::<Test>::get((&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid)));
+        assert_eq!(
+            u128::from(new_stake),
+            RootClaimed::<Test>::get((&hotkey, &new_coldkey, netuid))
+        );
+    });
+}
+#[test]
+fn test_claim_root_with_swap_hotkey() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let owner_coldkey = U256::from(1001);
+        let hotkey = U256::from(1002);
+        let coldkey = U256::from(1003);
+        let netuid = add_dynamic_network(&hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
 
-        let claimed = RootClaimed::<Test>::get((&hotkey, &new_coldkey, netuid));
-        assert_eq!(u128::from(new_stake), claimed);
+        SubtensorModule::set_tao_weight(u64::MAX); // Set TAO weight to 1.0
+
+        let root_stake = 2_000_000u64;
+        SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &coldkey,
+            NetUid::ROOT,
+            root_stake.into(),
+        );
+
+        let initial_total_hotkey_alpha = 10_000_000u64;
+        SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &owner_coldkey,
+            netuid,
+            initial_total_hotkey_alpha.into(),
+        );
+
+        let old_validator_stake = SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &owner_coldkey,
+            netuid,
+        );
+        assert_eq!(old_validator_stake, initial_total_hotkey_alpha.into());
+
+        // Distribute pending root alpha
+
+        let pending_root_alpha = 1_000_000u64;
+        SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
+            netuid,
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
+            pending_root_alpha.into(),
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
+        );
+
+        // Claim root alpha
+
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::set_root_claim_type(
+            RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),
+            RootClaimTypeEnum::Keep
+        ),);
+        assert_eq!(RootClaimType::<Test>::get(coldkey), RootClaimTypeEnum::Keep);
+
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),));
+
+        let new_stake: u64 =
+            SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid)
+                .into();
+
+        // Check root claimed value saved
+        let new_hotkey = U256::from(10030);
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            u128::from(new_stake),
+            RootClaimed::<Test>::get((&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid))
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            0u128,
+            RootClaimed::<Test>::get((&new_hotkey, &coldkey, netuid))
+        );
+
+        let _old_claimable = *RootClaimable::<Test>::get(hotkey)
+            .get(&netuid)
+            .expect("claimable must exist at this point");
+
+        assert!(!RootClaimable::<Test>::get(new_hotkey).contains_key(&netuid));
+
+        // Swap hotkey
+        let mut weight = Weight::zero();
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::perform_hotkey_swap_on_one_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &new_hotkey,
+            &mut weight,
+            netuid
+        ));
+
+        // Check swapped keys claimed values
+
+        assert_eq!(0u128, RootClaimed::<Test>::get((&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid)));
+        assert_eq!(
+            u128::from(new_stake),
+            RootClaimed::<Test>::get((&new_hotkey, &coldkey, netuid))
+        );
+
+        assert!(!RootClaimable::<Test>::get(hotkey).contains_key(&netuid));
+
+        let _new_claimable = *RootClaimable::<Test>::get(new_hotkey)
+            .get(&netuid)
+            .expect("claimable must exist at this point");
     });
 }

From 2a2141078c3cb6e09330c3912b267d0764b05eaf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sam Johnson <sam@durosoft.com>
Date: Thu, 16 Oct 2025 11:44:06 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 144/218] use loris's modifications

---
 .github/copilot-instructions.md | 161 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 132 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/copilot-instructions.md b/.github/copilot-instructions.md
index fde965284a..42b2da2827 100644
--- a/.github/copilot-instructions.md
+++ b/.github/copilot-instructions.md
@@ -1,29 +1,132 @@
-When reviewing pull requests, please adhere to and keep in mind the following:
-* Unless this PR is a hotfix or a deployment from `devnet-ready` => `devnet`, `devnet` =>
-  `testnet`, or `testnet` => `main`, all new PRs should be opened against the `devnet-ready`
-  branch. The `devnet` and `testnet` branches should only be updated via merges from
-  `devnet-ready` and `testnet-ready`, respectively, and are designed to track the current state
-  of the `devnet` and `testnet` networks. Feel free in your review to encourage people to
-  change the target to `devnet-ready` if they are targeting `main` and this is not a hotfix PR.
-* Bittensor is a substrate-based blockchain. It is critical that there are never panics in the
-  runtime, as this can brick the chain. You should be flagging any runtime/pallet code
-  (extrinsics, code that could be called by extrinsics, code in migrations, etc) that could
-  panic because of changes introduced by the PR. We do have clippy lints in place to detect
-  this, but these do not always catch everything. We CANNOT have panics in the runtime.
-* Remember that things like direct indexing (i.e. `arr[3]`) can panic and are dangerous when
-  used in a substrate runtime. Everything should be using `get` / `set` and `Result` / `Option`
-  wherever possible.
-* Similarly you should look out for unsafe math, such as scenarios where a value might
-  overflow, potential divide by zero errors, etc., programmers should always be using checked
-  or saturating math ops.
-* If one of the lints is failing (clippy / cargo fmt / cargo fix / etc), you should suggest
-  that they run `./scripts/fix_rust.sh` as this will typically auto-resolve the issue. This
-  includes issues like uncommitted `Cargo.lock`.
-* There should never be unsafe code in the runtime.
-* You should be extra careful with contributions from external contributors (users without the
-  "Nucleus" role)
-* Be extra vigilent for PRs that introduce a security vulnerability or exploit. Always call out
-  potential security vulnerabilities.
-* Code should be performant and maintainable, with maximum safety and security. $4B market cap
-  is on the line.
-* You should be concise in your review, only report legitimate issues, no fluff.
\ No newline at end of file
+# Bittensor PR Review Guidelines
+
+You are reviewing code for a Substrate-based blockchain with a $4B market cap. Lives and livelihoods depend on the security and correctness of this code. Be thorough, precise, and uncompromising on safety.
+
+## Branch Strategy
+* Unless this is a hotfix or deployment PR (`devnet-ready` => `devnet`, `devnet` => `testnet`, or `testnet` => `main`), all PRs must target `devnet-ready`
+* Flag PRs targeting `main` directly unless they are hotfixes
+* `devnet` and `testnet` branches must only receive merges from their respective `-ready` branches
+
+## CRITICAL: Runtime Safety (Chain-Bricking Prevention)
+The runtime CANNOT panic under any circumstances. A single panic can brick the entire chain.
+
+**Panic Sources to Flag:**
+* Direct indexing: `vec[i]`, `arr[3]` → Must use `.get()` returning `Option`
+* `.unwrap()`, `.expect()` → Must handle `Result`/`Option` properly
+* `.unwrap_or()` is acceptable only with safe defaults
+* Unchecked arithmetic: `a + b`, `a - b`, `a * b`, `a / b` → Must use `checked_*` or `saturating_*`
+* Division without zero checks
+* Type conversions: `.try_into()` without handling, casting that could truncate
+* Iterator operations that assume non-empty collections: `.first().unwrap()`, `.last().unwrap()`
+* String operations: slicing without bounds checking
+* `unsafe` blocks (absolutely prohibited in runtime)
+
+## Substrate-Specific Vulnerabilities
+
+### Storage Safety
+* Unbounded storage iterations (DoS vector) - check for loops over storage maps without limits
+* Missing storage deposits/bonds for user-created entries (state bloat attack)
+* Storage migrations without proper version checks or error handling
+* Direct storage manipulation without proper weight accounting
+* `kill_storage()` or storage removals without cleanup of dependent data
+
+### Weight & Resource Exhaustion
+* Missing or incorrect `#[pallet::weight]` annotations
+* Computational complexity not reflected in weight calculations
+* Database reads/writes not accounted for in weights
+* Potential for weight exhaustion attacks through parameter manipulation
+* Loops with user-controlled bounds in extrinsics
+
+### Origin & Permission Checks
+* Missing `ensure_signed`, `ensure_root`, or `ensure_none` checks
+* Origin checks that can be bypassed
+* Privilege escalation paths
+* Missing checks before state-modifying operations
+* Incorrect origin forwarding in cross-pallet calls
+
+### Economic & Cryptoeconomic Exploits
+* Integer overflow/underflow in token/balance calculations
+* Rounding errors that can be exploited (especially in repeated operations)
+* MEV/front-running vulnerabilities in auction/pricing mechanisms
+* Flash loan-style attacks or single-block exploits
+* Reward calculation errors or manipulation vectors
+* Slashing logic vulnerabilities
+* Economic denial of service (forcing expensive operations on others)
+
+### Migration Safety
+* Migrations without try-state checks or validation
+* Missing version guards (checking current vs new version)
+* Unbounded migrations that could time out
+* Data loss risks during migration
+* Missing rollback handling for failed migrations
+
+### Consensus & Chain State
+* Anything that could cause non-deterministic behavior (randomness sources, timestamps without validation)
+* Fork-causing conditions due to different execution paths
+* Block production or finalization blockers
+*Validator set manipulation vulnerabilities
+
+### Cross-Pallet Interactions
+* Reentrancy-like patterns when calling other pallets
+* Circular dependencies between pallets
+* Assumptions about other pallet state that could be violated
+* Missing error handling from pallet calls
+
+## Supply Chain & Dependency Security
+
+**Flag any PR that:**
+* Adds new dependencies (require justification and thorough vetting)
+* Updates cryptographic or core dependencies
+* Uses dependencies with known vulnerabilities (check advisories)
+* Depends on unmaintained or obscure crates
+* Introduces git dependencies or path dependencies pointing outside the repo
+* Uses pre-release versions of critical dependencies
+* Includes large dependency version jumps without explanation
+
+**For dependency changes, verify:**
+* Changelog review for security fixes or breaking changes
+* Maintainer reputation and project activity
+* Number of reverse dependencies (more = more scrutiny)
+* Whether it introduces new transitive dependencies
+
+## Code Quality & Maintainability
+
+* Code duplication that could lead to inconsistent bug fixes
+* Overly complex logic that obscures security issues
+* Missing error messages or unclear panic contexts in tests
+* Insufficient test coverage for new extrinsics or storage operations
+* Missing or inadequate documentation for complex algorithms
+* Magic numbers without explanation
+* TODO/FIXME comments introducing technical debt in critical paths
+
+## External Contributor Scrutiny
+For contributors without "Nucleus" role, apply **maximum scrutiny**:
+* Verify the PR solves a real, documented issue
+* Check for hidden backdoors or logic bombs
+* Review commit history for suspicious patterns
+* Validate that changes match the stated purpose
+* Question any unusual patterns or overcomplicated solutions
+* Require clear explanations for non-obvious changes
+
+## Build & Tooling
+* If lints fail (clippy, rustfmt, cargo check), suggest running `./scripts/fix_rust.sh`
+* Uncommitted `Cargo.lock` changes should be included in commits
+* Ensure CI passes before deep review
+
+## Review Style
+* Be **concise** - report only legitimate issues, no nitpicks
+* Provide **specific line numbers** and **concrete examples**
+* Suggest **fixes** when possible, not just problems
+* **Severity levels**: Use [CRITICAL], [HIGH], [MEDIUM], [LOW] tags
+* Block PRs on [CRITICAL] and [HIGH] issues
+* For security issues, consider discussing privately before commenting publicly
+
+## Final Check
+Before approving, ask yourself:
+1. Could this brick the chain? (panic, consensus break)
+2. Could this lose or steal funds? (arithmetic, logic errors)
+3. Could this DOS the network? (unbounded operations, weight issues)
+4. Could this introduce a backdoor? (especially for external contributors)
+5. Is this change necessary and minimal?
+
+**Remember: $4B market cap. Err on the side of caution. When in doubt, escalate.**
\ No newline at end of file

From 2652464a86832ab4c59292e56d02055647444f52 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" <github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 16 Oct 2025 16:10:04 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 145/218] auto-update benchmark weights

---
 pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs b/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
index 66e7eab318..905735a223 100644
--- a/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
@@ -1252,7 +1252,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
         /// The extrinsic will call the Subtensor pallet to set the minimum delegate take.
         #[pallet::call_index(46)]
         #[pallet::weight((
-            Weight::from_parts(5_000_000, 0).saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
+            Weight::from_parts(7_885_000, 0).saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
             DispatchClass::Operational,
             Pays::Yes
         ))]
@@ -1999,7 +1999,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
         /// Only callable by root.
         #[pallet::call_index(74)]
         #[pallet::weight((
-			Weight::from_parts(5_771_000, 0)
+			Weight::from_parts(9_418_000, 0)
 				.saturating_add(<T as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().reads(0_u64))
 				.saturating_add(<T as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
 			DispatchClass::Operational

From dd3688eebee8aced907958c6d138b5e7f88d7385 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Reed <87283488+JohnReedV@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 16 Oct 2025 09:57:13 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 146/218] make kappa root only

---
 pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs | 12 +-----------
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs b/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
index 66e7eab318..7e6d243e55 100644
--- a/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
@@ -581,23 +581,13 @@ pub mod pallet {
         .saturating_add(<T as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().reads(3_u64))
         .saturating_add(<T as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)))]
         pub fn sudo_set_kappa(origin: OriginFor<T>, netuid: NetUid, kappa: u16) -> DispatchResult {
-            let maybe_owner = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::ensure_sn_owner_or_root_with_limits(
-                origin,
-                netuid,
-                &[Hyperparameter::Kappa.into()],
-            )?;
-
+            ensure_root(origin)?;
             ensure!(
                 pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::if_subnet_exist(netuid),
                 Error::<T>::SubnetDoesNotExist
             );
             pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::set_kappa(netuid, kappa);
             log::debug!("KappaSet( netuid: {netuid:?} kappa: {kappa:?} ) ");
-            pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::record_owner_rl(
-                maybe_owner,
-                netuid,
-                &[Hyperparameter::Kappa.into()],
-            );
             Ok(())
         }
 

From 919121b5f3c448b0d4df9417dc14256d5f076cc0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Loris Moulin <contact@lorismoulin.com>
Date: Thu, 16 Oct 2025 14:01:06 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 147/218] fix comment

---
 pallets/crowdloan/src/lib.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/pallets/crowdloan/src/lib.rs b/pallets/crowdloan/src/lib.rs
index e186766d01..82b1402bc6 100644
--- a/pallets/crowdloan/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/crowdloan/src/lib.rs
@@ -645,7 +645,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
             // Ensure the crowdloan is not finalized
             ensure!(!crowdloan.finalized, Error::<T>::AlreadyFinalized);
 
-            // Only the creator can dissolve the crowdloan
+            // Only the creator can refund the crowdloan
             ensure!(who == crowdloan.creator, Error::<T>::InvalidOrigin);
 
             let mut refunded_contributors: Vec<T::AccountId> = vec![];

From 81667e1e189c1f15e06460c16a6e9e4c4ad7e6cb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Reed <87283488+JohnReedV@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 16 Oct 2025 10:30:43 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 148/218] fix tests

---
 pallets/admin-utils/src/tests/mod.rs | 28 ++++++++++++++++------------
 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/admin-utils/src/tests/mod.rs b/pallets/admin-utils/src/tests/mod.rs
index 4e534c3210..f113163c21 100644
--- a/pallets/admin-utils/src/tests/mod.rs
+++ b/pallets/admin-utils/src/tests/mod.rs
@@ -2058,7 +2058,7 @@ fn test_freeze_window_blocks_root_and_owner() {
         let owner: U256 = U256::from(9);
         SubnetOwner::<Test>::insert(netuid, owner);
         assert_noop!(
-            AdminUtils::sudo_set_kappa(
+            AdminUtils::sudo_set_commit_reveal_weights_interval(
                 <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(owner),
                 netuid,
                 77
@@ -2145,14 +2145,14 @@ fn test_owner_hyperparam_update_rate_limit_enforced() {
         ));
 
         // First update succeeds
-        assert_ok!(AdminUtils::sudo_set_kappa(
+        assert_ok!(AdminUtils::sudo_set_commit_reveal_weights_interval(
             <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(owner),
             netuid,
             11
         ));
         // Immediate second update fails due to TxRateLimitExceeded
         assert_noop!(
-            AdminUtils::sudo_set_kappa(
+            AdminUtils::sudo_set_commit_reveal_weights_interval(
                 <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(owner),
                 netuid,
                 12
@@ -2163,7 +2163,7 @@ fn test_owner_hyperparam_update_rate_limit_enforced() {
         // Advance less than limit still fails
         run_to_block(SubtensorModule::get_current_block_as_u64() + 1);
         assert_noop!(
-            AdminUtils::sudo_set_kappa(
+            AdminUtils::sudo_set_commit_reveal_weights_interval(
                 <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(owner),
                 netuid,
                 13
@@ -2173,7 +2173,7 @@ fn test_owner_hyperparam_update_rate_limit_enforced() {
 
         // Advance one more block to pass the limit; should succeed
         run_to_block(SubtensorModule::get_current_block_as_u64() + 1);
-        assert_ok!(AdminUtils::sudo_set_kappa(
+        assert_ok!(AdminUtils::sudo_set_commit_reveal_weights_interval(
             <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(owner),
             netuid,
             14
@@ -2200,7 +2200,7 @@ fn test_hyperparam_rate_limit_enforced_by_tempo() {
         ));
 
         // First owner update should succeed
-        assert_ok!(AdminUtils::sudo_set_kappa(
+        assert_ok!(AdminUtils::sudo_set_commit_reveal_weights_interval(
             <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(owner),
             netuid,
             1
@@ -2208,13 +2208,17 @@ fn test_hyperparam_rate_limit_enforced_by_tempo() {
 
         // Immediate second update should fail due to tempo-based RL
         assert_noop!(
-            AdminUtils::sudo_set_kappa(<<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(owner), netuid, 2),
+            AdminUtils::sudo_set_commit_reveal_weights_interval(
+                <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(owner),
+                netuid,
+                2
+            ),
             SubtensorError::<Test>::TxRateLimitExceeded
         );
 
         // Advance 2 blocks (2 tempos with tempo=1) then succeed
         run_to_block(SubtensorModule::get_current_block_as_u64() + 2);
-        assert_ok!(AdminUtils::sudo_set_kappa(
+        assert_ok!(AdminUtils::sudo_set_commit_reveal_weights_interval(
             <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(owner),
             netuid,
             3
@@ -2244,7 +2248,7 @@ fn test_owner_hyperparam_rate_limit_independent_per_param() {
         ));
 
         // First update to kappa should succeed
-        assert_ok!(AdminUtils::sudo_set_kappa(
+        assert_ok!(AdminUtils::sudo_set_commit_reveal_weights_interval(
             <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(owner),
             netuid,
             10
@@ -2252,7 +2256,7 @@ fn test_owner_hyperparam_rate_limit_independent_per_param() {
 
         // Immediate second update to the SAME param (kappa) should be blocked by RL
         assert_noop!(
-            AdminUtils::sudo_set_kappa(
+            AdminUtils::sudo_set_commit_reveal_weights_interval(
                 <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(owner),
                 netuid,
                 11
@@ -2269,7 +2273,7 @@ fn test_owner_hyperparam_rate_limit_independent_per_param() {
 
         // kappa should still be blocked until its own RL window passes
         assert_noop!(
-            AdminUtils::sudo_set_kappa(
+            AdminUtils::sudo_set_commit_reveal_weights_interval(
                 <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(owner),
                 netuid,
                 12
@@ -2287,7 +2291,7 @@ fn test_owner_hyperparam_rate_limit_independent_per_param() {
         run_to_block(SubtensorModule::get_current_block_as_u64() + 2);
 
         // Now both hyperparameters can be updated again
-        assert_ok!(AdminUtils::sudo_set_kappa(
+        assert_ok!(AdminUtils::sudo_set_commit_reveal_weights_interval(
             <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(owner),
             netuid,
             13

From fcdc3ab7b6ea3c32512463a59d510d89717c5738 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" <github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 16 Oct 2025 18:36:19 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 149/218] auto-update benchmark weights

---
 pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs b/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
index 7e6d243e55..25f162d43f 100644
--- a/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
@@ -577,8 +577,8 @@ pub mod pallet {
         /// It is only callable by the root account or subnet owner.
         /// The extrinsic will call the Subtensor pallet to set the kappa.
         #[pallet::call_index(16)]
-        #[pallet::weight(Weight::from_parts(26_210_000, 0)
-        .saturating_add(<T as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().reads(3_u64))
+        #[pallet::weight(Weight::from_parts(15_390_000, 0)
+        .saturating_add(<T as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().reads(1_u64))
         .saturating_add(<T as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)))]
         pub fn sudo_set_kappa(origin: OriginFor<T>, netuid: NetUid, kappa: u16) -> DispatchResult {
             ensure_root(origin)?;
@@ -1242,7 +1242,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
         /// The extrinsic will call the Subtensor pallet to set the minimum delegate take.
         #[pallet::call_index(46)]
         #[pallet::weight((
-            Weight::from_parts(5_000_000, 0).saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
+            Weight::from_parts(7_214_000, 0).saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
             DispatchClass::Operational,
             Pays::Yes
         ))]

From be7c2d467a0a02077b832dd67d1a4b5dcb353db8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sam Johnson <sam@durosoft.com>
Date: Thu, 16 Oct 2025 14:49:59 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 150/218] remove max weight limit => u16::MAX

---
 evm-tests/src/contracts/subnet.ts             |  18 ---
 .../subnet.precompile.hyperparameter.test.ts  |  14 +-
 hyperparameters.md                            |   3 +-
 pallets/admin-utils/src/benchmarking.rs       |  13 --
 pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs                |  34 -----
 pallets/admin-utils/src/tests/mock.rs         |   2 -
 pallets/admin-utils/src/tests/mod.rs          |  33 ----
 pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/root.rs        |   1 -
 pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs                  |   9 --
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/config.rs        |   3 -
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/errors.rs        |   2 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/events.rs        |   3 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/genesis.rs       |   4 -
 .../migrations/migrate_create_root_network.rs |   5 +-
 .../migrations/migrate_delete_subnet_21.rs    |   3 +-
 .../src/migrations/migrate_delete_subnet_3.rs |   3 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/subnet.rs       |   4 -
 pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/weights.rs      |   4 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch.rs          |   6 -
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mock.rs           |   2 -
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/networks.rs       |   2 -
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/weights.rs        | 141 +-----------------
 pallets/subtensor/src/utils/misc.rs           |   8 +-
 pallets/transaction-fee/src/tests/mock.rs     |   2 -
 precompiles/src/solidity/subnet.abi           |  18 ---
 precompiles/src/solidity/subnet.sol           |   5 -
 precompiles/src/subnet.rs                     |  24 +--
 runtime/src/lib.rs                            |   5 -
 28 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 349 deletions(-)

diff --git a/evm-tests/src/contracts/subnet.ts b/evm-tests/src/contracts/subnet.ts
index b5a5a9dcbc..a55bd5030f 100644
--- a/evm-tests/src/contracts/subnet.ts
+++ b/evm-tests/src/contracts/subnet.ts
@@ -663,24 +663,6 @@ export const ISubnetABI = [
         stateMutability: "payable",
         type: "function",
     },
-    {
-        inputs: [
-            {
-                internalType: "uint16",
-                name: "netuid",
-                type: "uint16",
-            },
-            {
-                internalType: "uint16",
-                name: "maxWeightLimit",
-                type: "uint16",
-            },
-        ],
-        name: "setMaxWeightLimit",
-        outputs: [],
-        stateMutability: "payable",
-        type: "function",
-    },
     {
         inputs: [
             {
diff --git a/evm-tests/test/subnet.precompile.hyperparameter.test.ts b/evm-tests/test/subnet.precompile.hyperparameter.test.ts
index e3b5708e50..ebb3bb4598 100644
--- a/evm-tests/test/subnet.precompile.hyperparameter.test.ts
+++ b/evm-tests/test/subnet.precompile.hyperparameter.test.ts
@@ -208,25 +208,17 @@ describe("Test the Subnet precompile contract", () => {
         assert.equal(valueFromContract, onchainValue);
     })
 
-    it("Can set maxWeightLimit parameter", async () => {
+    it("Returns constant maxWeightLimit", async () => {
 
         const totalNetwork = await api.query.SubtensorModule.TotalNetworks.getValue()
         const contract = new ethers.Contract(ISUBNET_ADDRESS, ISubnetABI, wallet);
         const netuid = totalNetwork - 1;
 
-        const newValue = 106;
-        const tx = await contract.setMaxWeightLimit(netuid, newValue);
-        await tx.wait();
-
-        let onchainValue = await api.query.SubtensorModule.MaxWeightsLimit.getValue(netuid)
-
-
-        let valueFromContract = Number(
+        const valueFromContract = Number(
             await contract.getMaxWeightLimit(netuid)
         );
 
-        assert.equal(valueFromContract, newValue)
-        assert.equal(valueFromContract, onchainValue);
+        assert.equal(valueFromContract, 0xFFFF)
     })
 
     it("Can set immunityPeriod parameter", async () => {
diff --git a/hyperparameters.md b/hyperparameters.md
index 2d69a1f378..870f343a3b 100644
--- a/hyperparameters.md
+++ b/hyperparameters.md
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 ```rust
 DefaultTake: u16 = 11_796; // 18% honest number.
 TxRateLimit: u64 = 1; // [1 @ 64,888]
+MaxWeightsLimit: u16 = u16::MAX; // constant limit
 ```
 
 ### netuid 1 (text_prompting)
@@ -13,7 +14,6 @@ MaxAllowedUids: u16 = 1024;
 Issuance: u64 = 0;
 MinAllowedWeights: u16 = 8;
 EmissionValue: u64 = 142_223_000;
-MaxWeightsLimit: 455; // 455/2^16 = 0.0069
 ValidatorBatchSize: u16 = 1;
 ValidatorSequenceLen: u16 = 2048; // 2048
 ValidatorEpochLen: u16 = 100;
@@ -54,7 +54,6 @@ MaxAllowedUids: u16 = 4096;
 Issuance: u64 = 0;
 MinAllowedWeights: u16 = 50;
 EmissionValue: u64 = 857_777_000;
-MaxWeightsLimit: u16 = 655; // 655/2^16 = 0.01 [655 @ 7,160]
 ValidatorBatchSize: u16 = 32; // 32
 ValidatorSequenceLen: u16 = 256; // 256
 ValidatorEpochLen: u16 = 250; // [250 @ 7,161]
diff --git a/pallets/admin-utils/src/benchmarking.rs b/pallets/admin-utils/src/benchmarking.rs
index 7e6e17dd5c..08589e530b 100644
--- a/pallets/admin-utils/src/benchmarking.rs
+++ b/pallets/admin-utils/src/benchmarking.rs
@@ -292,19 +292,6 @@ mod benchmarks {
 		_(RawOrigin::Root, 1u16.into()/*netuid*/, 100u16/*immunity_period*/)/*sudo_set_immunity_period*/;
     }
 
-    #[benchmark]
-    fn sudo_set_max_weight_limit() {
-        // disable admin freeze window
-        pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::set_admin_freeze_window(0);
-        pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::init_new_network(
-            1u16.into(), /*netuid*/
-            1u16,        /*tempo*/
-        );
-
-        #[extrinsic_call]
-		_(RawOrigin::Root, 1u16.into()/*netuid*/, 100u16/*max_weight_limit*/)/*sudo_set_max_weight_limit*/;
-    }
-
     #[benchmark]
     fn sudo_set_max_registrations_per_block() {
         // disable admin freeze window
diff --git a/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs b/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
index 66e7eab318..e198979e5d 100644
--- a/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
@@ -426,40 +426,6 @@ pub mod pallet {
             Ok(())
         }
 
-        /// The extrinsic sets the adjustment beta for a subnet.
-        /// It is only callable by the root account or subnet owner.
-        /// The extrinsic will call the Subtensor pallet to set the adjustment beta.
-        #[pallet::call_index(12)]
-        #[pallet::weight(Weight::from_parts(26_890_000, 0)
-        .saturating_add(<T as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().reads(3_u64))
-        .saturating_add(<T as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)))]
-        pub fn sudo_set_max_weight_limit(
-            origin: OriginFor<T>,
-            netuid: NetUid,
-            max_weight_limit: u16,
-        ) -> DispatchResult {
-            let maybe_owner = pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::ensure_sn_owner_or_root_with_limits(
-                origin,
-                netuid,
-                &[Hyperparameter::MaxWeightLimit.into()],
-            )?;
-
-            ensure!(
-                pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::if_subnet_exist(netuid),
-                Error::<T>::SubnetDoesNotExist
-            );
-            pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::set_max_weight_limit(netuid, max_weight_limit);
-            pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::record_owner_rl(
-                maybe_owner,
-                netuid,
-                &[Hyperparameter::MaxWeightLimit.into()],
-            );
-            log::debug!(
-                "MaxWeightLimitSet( netuid: {netuid:?} max_weight_limit: {max_weight_limit:?} ) "
-            );
-            Ok(())
-        }
-
         /// The extrinsic sets the immunity period for a subnet.
         /// It is only callable by the root account or subnet owner.
         /// The extrinsic will call the Subtensor pallet to set the immunity period.
diff --git a/pallets/admin-utils/src/tests/mock.rs b/pallets/admin-utils/src/tests/mock.rs
index ed62be55d8..0140808baa 100644
--- a/pallets/admin-utils/src/tests/mock.rs
+++ b/pallets/admin-utils/src/tests/mock.rs
@@ -77,7 +77,6 @@ pub type UncheckedExtrinsic = TestXt<RuntimeCall, ()>;
 parameter_types! {
     pub const InitialMinAllowedWeights: u16 = 0;
     pub const InitialEmissionValue: u16 = 0;
-    pub const InitialMaxWeightsLimit: u16 = u16::MAX;
     pub BlockWeights: limits::BlockWeights = limits::BlockWeights::with_sensible_defaults(
         Weight::from_parts(2_000_000_000_000, u64::MAX),
         Perbill::from_percent(75),
@@ -162,7 +161,6 @@ impl pallet_subtensor::Config for Test {
     type Scheduler = Scheduler;
     type InitialMinAllowedWeights = InitialMinAllowedWeights;
     type InitialEmissionValue = InitialEmissionValue;
-    type InitialMaxWeightsLimit = InitialMaxWeightsLimit;
     type InitialTempo = InitialTempo;
     type InitialDifficulty = InitialDifficulty;
     type InitialAdjustmentInterval = InitialAdjustmentInterval;
diff --git a/pallets/admin-utils/src/tests/mod.rs b/pallets/admin-utils/src/tests/mod.rs
index 4e534c3210..f0ba59e285 100644
--- a/pallets/admin-utils/src/tests/mod.rs
+++ b/pallets/admin-utils/src/tests/mod.rs
@@ -391,39 +391,6 @@ fn test_sudo_subnet_owner_cut() {
     });
 }
 
-#[test]
-fn test_sudo_set_max_weight_limit() {
-    new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
-        let netuid = NetUid::from(1);
-        let to_be_set: u16 = 10;
-        add_network(netuid, 10);
-        let init_value: u16 = SubtensorModule::get_max_weight_limit(netuid);
-        assert_eq!(
-            AdminUtils::sudo_set_max_weight_limit(
-                <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::signed(U256::from(1)),
-                netuid,
-                to_be_set
-            ),
-            Err(DispatchError::BadOrigin)
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            AdminUtils::sudo_set_max_weight_limit(
-                <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::root(),
-                netuid.next(),
-                to_be_set
-            ),
-            Err(Error::<Test>::SubnetDoesNotExist.into())
-        );
-        assert_eq!(SubtensorModule::get_max_weight_limit(netuid), init_value);
-        assert_ok!(AdminUtils::sudo_set_max_weight_limit(
-            <<Test as Config>::RuntimeOrigin>::root(),
-            netuid,
-            to_be_set
-        ));
-        assert_eq!(SubtensorModule::get_max_weight_limit(netuid), to_be_set);
-    });
-}
-
 #[test]
 fn test_sudo_set_issuance() {
     new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/root.rs
index 61d5860354..b220b47604 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/root.rs
@@ -284,7 +284,6 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         MaxAllowedUids::<T>::remove(netuid);
         ImmunityPeriod::<T>::remove(netuid);
         ActivityCutoff::<T>::remove(netuid);
-        MaxWeightsLimit::<T>::remove(netuid);
         MinAllowedWeights::<T>::remove(netuid);
         RegistrationsThisInterval::<T>::remove(netuid);
         POWRegistrationsThisInterval::<T>::remove(netuid);
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
index ef475b1033..77c523ecb3 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
@@ -650,11 +650,6 @@ pub mod pallet {
         T::InitialActivityCutoff::get()
     }
     #[pallet::type_value]
-    /// Default maximum weights limit.
-    pub fn DefaultMaxWeightsLimit<T: Config>() -> u16 {
-        T::InitialMaxWeightsLimit::get()
-    }
-    #[pallet::type_value]
     /// Default weights version key.
     pub fn DefaultWeightsVersionKey<T: Config>() -> u64 {
         T::InitialWeightsVersionKey::get()
@@ -1403,10 +1398,6 @@ pub mod pallet {
     pub type ActivityCutoff<T> =
         StorageMap<_, Identity, NetUid, u16, ValueQuery, DefaultActivityCutoff<T>>;
     #[pallet::storage]
-    /// --- MAP ( netuid ) --> max_weight_limit
-    pub type MaxWeightsLimit<T> =
-        StorageMap<_, Identity, NetUid, u16, ValueQuery, DefaultMaxWeightsLimit<T>>;
-    #[pallet::storage]
     /// --- MAP ( netuid ) --> weights_version_key
     pub type WeightsVersionKey<T> =
         StorageMap<_, Identity, NetUid, u64, ValueQuery, DefaultWeightsVersionKey<T>>;
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/config.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/config.rs
index c449742905..a735bde1e1 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/config.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/config.rs
@@ -72,9 +72,6 @@ mod config {
         /// Initial Emission Ratio.
         #[pallet::constant]
         type InitialEmissionValue: Get<u16>;
-        /// Initial max weight limit.
-        #[pallet::constant]
-        type InitialMaxWeightsLimit: Get<u16>;
         /// Tempo for each network.
         #[pallet::constant]
         type InitialTempo: Get<u16>;
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/errors.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/errors.rs
index 9d9b7a70f5..80e9c2a3ee 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/errors.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/errors.rs
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ mod errors {
         /// The supplied PoW hash seal does not match the supplied work.
         InvalidSeal,
         /// The dispatch is attempting to set weights on chain with weight value exceeding the
-        /// MaxWeightLimit (max_weight_limit subnet hyperparameter).
+        /// configured max weight limit (currently `u16::MAX`).
         MaxWeightExceeded,
         /// The hotkey is attempting to become a delegate when the hotkey is already a delegate.
         HotKeyAlreadyDelegate,
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/events.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/events.rs
index 07232cbc14..a784273f5a 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/events.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/events.rs
@@ -50,7 +50,8 @@ mod events {
         BulkBalancesSet(u16, u16),
         /// max allowed uids has been set for a subnetwork.
         MaxAllowedUidsSet(NetUid, u16),
-        /// the max weight limit has been set for a subnetwork.
+        #[deprecated(note = "Max weight limit is now a constant and this event is unused")]
+        /// DEPRECATED: max weight limit updates are no longer supported.
         MaxWeightLimitSet(NetUid, u16),
         /// the difficulty has been set for a subnet.
         DifficultySet(NetUid, u64),
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/genesis.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/genesis.rs
index b9378e38f6..9d830e36ad 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/genesis.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/genesis.rs
@@ -29,9 +29,6 @@ mod genesis {
             // Set the min allowed weights to zero, no weights restrictions.
             MinAllowedWeights::<T>::insert(NetUid::ROOT, 0);
 
-            // Set the max weight limit to infitiy, no weight restrictions.
-            MaxWeightsLimit::<T>::insert(NetUid::ROOT, u16::MAX);
-
             // Add default root tempo.
             Tempo::<T>::insert(NetUid::ROOT, 100);
 
@@ -59,7 +56,6 @@ mod genesis {
             MaxAllowedUids::<T>::insert(netuid, 256u16);
             MaxAllowedValidators::<T>::insert(netuid, 64u16);
             MinAllowedWeights::<T>::insert(netuid, 0);
-            MaxWeightsLimit::<T>::insert(netuid, u16::MAX);
             Tempo::<T>::insert(netuid, 100);
             NetworkRegistrationAllowed::<T>::insert(netuid, true);
             SubnetOwner::<T>::insert(netuid, hotkey.clone());
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_create_root_network.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_create_root_network.rs
index c9d069b451..6cca34f815 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_create_root_network.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_create_root_network.rs
@@ -64,9 +64,6 @@ pub fn migrate_create_root_network<T: Config>() -> Weight {
     // Set the minimum allowed weights to zero (no weight restrictions)
     MinAllowedWeights::<T>::insert(NetUid::ROOT, 0);
 
-    // Set the maximum weight limit to u16::MAX (no weight restrictions)
-    MaxWeightsLimit::<T>::insert(NetUid::ROOT, u16::MAX);
-
     // Set default root tempo
     Tempo::<T>::insert(NetUid::ROOT, 100);
 
@@ -80,7 +77,7 @@ pub fn migrate_create_root_network<T: Config>() -> Weight {
     // WeightsSetRateLimit::<T>::insert(NetUid::ROOT, 7200);
 
     // Accrue weight for database writes
-    weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().writes(8));
+    weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().writes(7));
 
     // Remove all existing triumvirate votes and senate members
     remove_prefix::<T>("Triumvirate", "Votes", &mut weight);
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_delete_subnet_21.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_delete_subnet_21.rs
index c4e79692ac..260904395d 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_delete_subnet_21.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_delete_subnet_21.rs
@@ -100,13 +100,12 @@ pub fn migrate_delete_subnet_21<T: Config>() -> Weight {
         MaxAllowedUids::<T>::remove(netuid);
         ImmunityPeriod::<T>::remove(netuid);
         ActivityCutoff::<T>::remove(netuid);
-        MaxWeightsLimit::<T>::remove(netuid);
         MinAllowedWeights::<T>::remove(netuid);
         RegistrationsThisInterval::<T>::remove(netuid);
         POWRegistrationsThisInterval::<T>::remove(netuid);
         BurnRegistrationsThisInterval::<T>::remove(netuid);
 
-        weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().writes(12));
+        weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().writes(10));
 
         // Update storage version
         StorageVersion::new(new_storage_version).put::<Pallet<T>>();
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_delete_subnet_3.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_delete_subnet_3.rs
index 3470004362..0cda0f0e06 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_delete_subnet_3.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_delete_subnet_3.rs
@@ -102,13 +102,12 @@ pub fn migrate_delete_subnet_3<T: Config>() -> Weight {
         MaxAllowedUids::<T>::remove(netuid);
         ImmunityPeriod::<T>::remove(netuid);
         ActivityCutoff::<T>::remove(netuid);
-        MaxWeightsLimit::<T>::remove(netuid);
         MinAllowedWeights::<T>::remove(netuid);
         RegistrationsThisInterval::<T>::remove(netuid);
         POWRegistrationsThisInterval::<T>::remove(netuid);
         BurnRegistrationsThisInterval::<T>::remove(netuid);
 
-        weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().writes(12));
+        weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().writes(10));
 
         // Update storage version
         StorageVersion::new(new_storage_version).put::<Pallet<T>>();
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/subnet.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/subnet.rs
index 7676e0c557..4185aee624 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/subnet.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/subnet.rs
@@ -275,7 +275,6 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         Self::set_max_allowed_uids(netuid, 256);
         Self::set_max_allowed_validators(netuid, 64);
         Self::set_min_allowed_weights(netuid, 1);
-        Self::set_max_weight_limit(netuid, u16::MAX);
         Self::set_adjustment_interval(netuid, 360);
         Self::set_target_registrations_per_interval(netuid, 1);
         Self::set_adjustment_alpha(netuid, 17_893_341_751_498_265_066); // 18_446_744_073_709_551_615 * 0.97 = 17_893_341_751_498_265_066
@@ -302,9 +301,6 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         if !ActivityCutoff::<T>::contains_key(netuid) {
             ActivityCutoff::<T>::insert(netuid, ActivityCutoff::<T>::get(netuid));
         }
-        if !MaxWeightsLimit::<T>::contains_key(netuid) {
-            MaxWeightsLimit::<T>::insert(netuid, MaxWeightsLimit::<T>::get(netuid));
-        }
         if !MinAllowedWeights::<T>::contains_key(netuid) {
             MinAllowedWeights::<T>::insert(netuid, MinAllowedWeights::<T>::get(netuid));
         }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/weights.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/weights.rs
index 61b64df137..f1a2df56e2 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/weights.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/subnets/weights.rs
@@ -1203,14 +1203,14 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         weights
     }
 
-    /// Returns False if the weights exceed the max_weight_limit for this network.
+    /// Returns False if the weights exceed the configured max weight limit for this network.
     pub fn max_weight_limited(netuid: NetUid, uid: u16, uids: &[u16], weights: &[u16]) -> bool {
         // Allow self weights to exceed max weight limit.
         if Self::is_self_weight(uid, uids, weights) {
             return true;
         }
 
-        // If the max weight limit it u16 max, return true.
+        // If the max weight limit it u16 max, return true (current constant).
         let max_weight_limit: u16 = Self::get_max_weight_limit(netuid);
         if max_weight_limit == u16::MAX {
             return true;
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch.rs
index 77ba37c9c1..cdf44df645 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/epoch.rs
@@ -1024,7 +1024,6 @@ fn test_bonds() {
 		SubtensorModule::set_target_registrations_per_interval(netuid, n);
 		SubtensorModule::set_weights_set_rate_limit( netuid, 0 );
         SubtensorModule::set_min_allowed_weights( netuid, 1 );
-        SubtensorModule::set_max_weight_limit( netuid, u16::MAX );
 		SubtensorModule::set_bonds_penalty(netuid, u16::MAX);
 
 
@@ -1370,7 +1369,6 @@ fn test_active_stake() {
         SubtensorModule::set_max_registrations_per_block(netuid, n);
         SubtensorModule::set_target_registrations_per_interval(netuid, n);
         SubtensorModule::set_min_allowed_weights(netuid, 0);
-        SubtensorModule::set_max_weight_limit(netuid, u16::MAX);
 
         // === Register [validator1, validator2, server1, server2]
         for key in 0..n as u64 {
@@ -1587,7 +1585,6 @@ fn test_outdated_weights() {
         SubtensorModule::set_max_registrations_per_block(netuid, n);
         SubtensorModule::set_target_registrations_per_interval(netuid, n);
         SubtensorModule::set_min_allowed_weights(netuid, 0);
-        SubtensorModule::set_max_weight_limit(netuid, u16::MAX);
         SubtensorModule::set_bonds_penalty(netuid, u16::MAX);
         assert_eq!(SubtensorModule::get_registrations_this_block(netuid), 0);
 
@@ -1777,7 +1774,6 @@ fn test_zero_weights() {
         SubtensorModule::set_max_registrations_per_block(netuid, n);
         SubtensorModule::set_target_registrations_per_interval(netuid, n);
         SubtensorModule::set_min_allowed_weights(netuid, 0);
-        SubtensorModule::set_max_weight_limit(netuid, u16::MAX);
 
         // === Register [validator, server]
         for key in 0..n as u64 {
@@ -1980,7 +1976,6 @@ fn test_deregistered_miner_bonds() {
         SubtensorModule::set_max_registrations_per_block(netuid, n);
         SubtensorModule::set_target_registrations_per_interval(netuid, n);
         SubtensorModule::set_min_allowed_weights(netuid, 0);
-        SubtensorModule::set_max_weight_limit(netuid, u16::MAX);
         SubtensorModule::set_bonds_penalty(netuid, u16::MAX);
         assert_eq!(SubtensorModule::get_registrations_this_block(netuid), 0);
 
@@ -2700,7 +2695,6 @@ fn setup_yuma_3_scenario(netuid: NetUid, n: u16, sparse: bool, max_stake: u64, s
     SubtensorModule::set_target_registrations_per_interval(netuid, n);
     SubtensorModule::set_weights_set_rate_limit(netuid, 0);
     SubtensorModule::set_min_allowed_weights(netuid, 1);
-    SubtensorModule::set_max_weight_limit(netuid, u16::MAX);
     SubtensorModule::set_bonds_penalty(netuid, 0);
     SubtensorModule::set_alpha_sigmoid_steepness(netuid, 1000);
     SubtensorModule::set_bonds_moving_average(netuid, 975_000);
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mock.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mock.rs
index 73f8581d5e..9d028d76ab 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mock.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mock.rs
@@ -151,7 +151,6 @@ parameter_types! {
 parameter_types! {
     pub const InitialMinAllowedWeights: u16 = 0;
     pub const InitialEmissionValue: u16 = 0;
-    pub const InitialMaxWeightsLimit: u16 = u16::MAX;
     pub BlockWeights: limits::BlockWeights = limits::BlockWeights::with_sensible_defaults(
         Weight::from_parts(2_000_000_000_000, u64::MAX),
         Perbill::from_percent(75),
@@ -235,7 +234,6 @@ impl crate::Config for Test {
     type Scheduler = Scheduler;
     type InitialMinAllowedWeights = InitialMinAllowedWeights;
     type InitialEmissionValue = InitialEmissionValue;
-    type InitialMaxWeightsLimit = InitialMaxWeightsLimit;
     type InitialTempo = InitialTempo;
     type InitialDifficulty = InitialDifficulty;
     type InitialAdjustmentInterval = InitialAdjustmentInterval;
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/networks.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/networks.rs
index d7b0e15ea0..67d9f90887 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/networks.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/networks.rs
@@ -327,7 +327,6 @@ fn dissolve_clears_all_per_subnet_storages() {
         MaxAllowedUids::<Test>::insert(net, 1u16);
         ImmunityPeriod::<Test>::insert(net, 1u16);
         ActivityCutoff::<Test>::insert(net, 1u16);
-        MaxWeightsLimit::<Test>::insert(net, 1u16);
         MinAllowedWeights::<Test>::insert(net, 1u16);
 
         RegistrationsThisInterval::<Test>::insert(net, 1u16);
@@ -479,7 +478,6 @@ fn dissolve_clears_all_per_subnet_storages() {
         assert!(!MaxAllowedUids::<Test>::contains_key(net));
         assert!(!ImmunityPeriod::<Test>::contains_key(net));
         assert!(!ActivityCutoff::<Test>::contains_key(net));
-        assert!(!MaxWeightsLimit::<Test>::contains_key(net));
         assert!(!MinAllowedWeights::<Test>::contains_key(net));
 
         assert!(!RegistrationsThisInterval::<Test>::contains_key(net));
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/weights.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/weights.rs
index d703cb0840..a71a225dc7 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/weights.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/weights.rs
@@ -731,7 +731,6 @@ fn test_weights_err_no_validator_permit() {
         add_network_disable_commit_reveal(netuid, tempo, 0);
         SubtensorModule::set_min_allowed_weights(netuid, 0);
         SubtensorModule::set_max_allowed_uids(netuid, 3);
-        SubtensorModule::set_max_weight_limit(netuid, u16::MAX);
         register_ok_neuron(netuid, hotkey_account_id, U256::from(66), 0);
         register_ok_neuron(netuid, U256::from(1), U256::from(1), 65555);
         register_ok_neuron(netuid, U256::from(2), U256::from(2), 75555);
@@ -917,7 +916,6 @@ fn test_weights_err_setting_weights_too_fast() {
         add_network_disable_commit_reveal(netuid, tempo, 0);
         SubtensorModule::set_min_allowed_weights(netuid, 0);
         SubtensorModule::set_max_allowed_uids(netuid, 3);
-        SubtensorModule::set_max_weight_limit(netuid, u16::MAX);
         register_ok_neuron(netuid, hotkey_account_id, U256::from(66), 0);
         register_ok_neuron(netuid, U256::from(1), U256::from(1), 65555);
         register_ok_neuron(netuid, U256::from(2), U256::from(2), 75555);
@@ -1060,95 +1058,6 @@ fn test_weights_err_has_duplicate_ids() {
 
 // SKIP_WASM_BUILD=1 RUST_LOG=debug cargo test --package pallet-subtensor --lib -- tests::weights::test_weights_err_max_weight_limit --exact --show-output --nocapture
 // Test ensures weights cannot exceed max weight limit.
-#[test]
-fn test_weights_err_max_weight_limit() {
-    //TO DO SAM: uncomment when we implement run_to_block fn
-    new_test_ext(0).execute_with(|| {
-        // Add network.
-        let netuid = NetUid::from(1);
-        let tempo: u16 = 100;
-        add_network_disable_commit_reveal(netuid, tempo, 0);
-
-        // Set params.
-        SubtensorModule::set_max_allowed_uids(netuid, 5);
-        SubtensorModule::set_target_registrations_per_interval(netuid, 5);
-        SubtensorModule::set_max_weight_limit(netuid, u16::MAX / 5);
-        SubtensorModule::set_min_allowed_weights(netuid, 0);
-
-        // Add 5 accounts.
-        println!("+Registering: net:{:?}, cold:{:?}, hot:{:?}", netuid, 0, 0);
-        register_ok_neuron(netuid, U256::from(0), U256::from(0), 55555);
-        let neuron_uid: u16 = SubtensorModule::get_uid_for_net_and_hotkey(netuid, &U256::from(0))
-            .expect("Not registered.");
-        SubtensorModule::set_validator_permit_for_uid(netuid, neuron_uid, true);
-        assert_eq!(SubtensorModule::get_subnetwork_n(netuid), 1);
-        assert!(SubtensorModule::is_hotkey_registered_on_network(
-            netuid,
-            &U256::from(0)
-        ));
-        step_block(1);
-
-        println!("+Registering: net:{:?}, cold:{:?}, hot:{:?}", netuid, 1, 1);
-        register_ok_neuron(netuid, U256::from(1), U256::from(1), 65555);
-        assert!(SubtensorModule::is_hotkey_registered_on_network(
-            netuid,
-            &U256::from(1)
-        ));
-        assert_eq!(SubtensorModule::get_subnetwork_n(netuid), 2);
-        step_block(1);
-
-        println!("+Registering: net:{:?}, cold:{:?}, hot:{:?}", netuid, 2, 2);
-        register_ok_neuron(netuid, U256::from(2), U256::from(2), 75555);
-        assert!(SubtensorModule::is_hotkey_registered_on_network(
-            netuid,
-            &U256::from(2)
-        ));
-        assert_eq!(SubtensorModule::get_subnetwork_n(netuid), 3);
-        step_block(1);
-
-        println!("+Registering: net:{:?}, cold:{:?}, hot:{:?}", netuid, 3, 3);
-        register_ok_neuron(netuid, U256::from(3), U256::from(3), 95555);
-        assert!(SubtensorModule::is_hotkey_registered_on_network(
-            netuid,
-            &U256::from(3)
-        ));
-        assert_eq!(SubtensorModule::get_subnetwork_n(netuid), 4);
-        step_block(1);
-
-        println!("+Registering: net:{:?}, cold:{:?}, hot:{:?}", netuid, 4, 4);
-        register_ok_neuron(netuid, U256::from(4), U256::from(4), 35555);
-        assert!(SubtensorModule::is_hotkey_registered_on_network(
-            netuid,
-            &U256::from(4)
-        ));
-        assert_eq!(SubtensorModule::get_subnetwork_n(netuid), 5);
-        step_block(1);
-
-        // Non self-weight fails.
-        let uids: Vec<u16> = vec![1, 2, 3, 4];
-        let values: Vec<u16> = vec![u16::MAX / 4, u16::MAX / 4, u16::MAX / 54, u16::MAX / 4];
-        let result = SubtensorModule::set_weights(
-            RuntimeOrigin::signed(U256::from(0)),
-            1.into(),
-            uids,
-            values,
-            0,
-        );
-        assert_eq!(result, Err(Error::<Test>::MaxWeightExceeded.into()));
-
-        // Self-weight is a success.
-        let uids: Vec<u16> = vec![0]; // Self.
-        let values: Vec<u16> = vec![u16::MAX]; // normalizes to u32::MAX
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::set_weights(
-            RuntimeOrigin::signed(U256::from(0)),
-            1.into(),
-            uids,
-            values,
-            0
-        ));
-    });
-}
-
 // SKIP_WASM_BUILD=1 RUST_LOG=debug cargo test --package pallet-subtensor --lib -- tests::weights::test_no_signature --exact --show-output --nocapture
 // Tests the call requires a valid origin.
 #[test]
@@ -1247,7 +1156,6 @@ fn test_set_weight_not_enough_values() {
         let neuron_uid: u16 = SubtensorModule::get_uid_for_net_and_hotkey(netuid, &U256::from(1))
             .expect("Not registered.");
         SubtensorModule::set_validator_permit_for_uid(netuid, neuron_uid, true);
-        SubtensorModule::set_max_weight_limit(netuid, u16::MAX);
         SubtensorModule::add_balance_to_coldkey_account(&U256::from(2), 1);
         SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
             &account_id,
@@ -1313,8 +1221,6 @@ fn test_set_weight_too_many_uids() {
 
         register_ok_neuron(1.into(), U256::from(3), U256::from(4), 300_000);
         SubtensorModule::set_min_allowed_weights(1.into(), 2);
-        SubtensorModule::set_max_weight_limit(netuid, u16::MAX);
-
         // Should fail because we are setting more weights than there are neurons.
         let weight_keys: Vec<u16> = vec![0, 1, 2, 3, 4]; // more uids than neurons in subnet.
         let weight_values: Vec<u16> = vec![88, 102, 303, 1212, 11]; // random value.
@@ -1358,7 +1264,6 @@ fn test_set_weights_sum_larger_than_u16_max() {
             .expect("Not registered.");
         SubtensorModule::set_stake_threshold(0);
         SubtensorModule::set_validator_permit_for_uid(netuid, neuron_uid, true);
-        SubtensorModule::set_max_weight_limit(netuid, u16::MAX);
         SubtensorModule::add_balance_to_coldkey_account(&U256::from(2), 1);
         SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
             &(U256::from(1)),
@@ -1546,52 +1451,16 @@ fn test_max_weight_limited_when_weight_limit_is_u16_max() {
     });
 }
 
-// SKIP_WASM_BUILD=1 RUST_LOG=debug cargo test --package pallet-subtensor --lib -- tests::weights::test_max_weight_limited_when_max_weight_is_within_limit --exact --show-output --nocapture
-/// Check _truthy_ path for max weight limit
 #[test]
-fn test_max_weight_limited_when_max_weight_is_within_limit() {
+fn test_get_max_weight_limit_is_constant() {
     new_test_ext(0).execute_with(|| {
-        let max_allowed: u16 = 1;
-        let max_weight_limit = u16::MAX / 5;
-
-        let netuid = NetUid::from(1);
-        let uids: Vec<u16> = Vec::from_iter((0..max_allowed).map(|id| id + 1));
-        let uid: u16 = uids[0];
-        let weights: Vec<u16> = Vec::from_iter((0..max_allowed).map(|id| max_weight_limit - id));
-
-        SubtensorModule::set_max_weight_limit(netuid, max_weight_limit);
-
-        let expected = true;
-        let result = SubtensorModule::max_weight_limited(netuid, uid, &uids, &weights);
-
         assert_eq!(
-            expected, result,
-            "Failed get expected result when everything _should_ be fine"
+            SubtensorModule::get_max_weight_limit(NetUid::from(1)),
+            u16::MAX
         );
-    });
-}
-
-// SKIP_WASM_BUILD=1 RUST_LOG=debug cargo test --package pallet-subtensor --lib -- tests::weights::test_max_weight_limited_when_guard_checks_are_not_triggered --exact --show-output --nocapture
-/// Check _falsey_ path
-#[test]
-fn test_max_weight_limited_when_guard_checks_are_not_triggered() {
-    new_test_ext(0).execute_with(|| {
-        let max_allowed: u16 = 3;
-        let max_weight_limit = u16::MAX / 5;
-
-        let netuid = NetUid::from(1);
-        let uids: Vec<u16> = Vec::from_iter((0..max_allowed).map(|id| id + 1));
-        let uid: u16 = uids[0];
-        let weights: Vec<u16> = Vec::from_iter((0..max_allowed).map(|id| max_weight_limit + id));
-
-        SubtensorModule::set_max_weight_limit(netuid, max_weight_limit);
-
-        let expected = false;
-        let result = SubtensorModule::max_weight_limited(netuid, uid, &uids, &weights);
-
         assert_eq!(
-            expected, result,
-            "Failed get expected result when guard-checks were not triggered"
+            SubtensorModule::get_max_weight_limit(NetUid::ROOT),
+            u16::MAX
         );
     });
 }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/utils/misc.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/utils/misc.rs
index bb51eccd01..e18664b0f7 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/utils/misc.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/utils/misc.rs
@@ -549,12 +549,8 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         Self::deposit_event(Event::ScalingLawPowerSet(netuid, scaling_law_power));
     }
 
-    pub fn get_max_weight_limit(netuid: NetUid) -> u16 {
-        MaxWeightsLimit::<T>::get(netuid)
-    }
-    pub fn set_max_weight_limit(netuid: NetUid, max_weight_limit: u16) {
-        MaxWeightsLimit::<T>::insert(netuid, max_weight_limit);
-        Self::deposit_event(Event::MaxWeightLimitSet(netuid, max_weight_limit));
+    pub fn get_max_weight_limit(_netuid: NetUid) -> u16 {
+        u16::MAX
     }
 
     pub fn get_immunity_period(netuid: NetUid) -> u16 {
diff --git a/pallets/transaction-fee/src/tests/mock.rs b/pallets/transaction-fee/src/tests/mock.rs
index 8e48c2e4fc..ee5b1693ba 100644
--- a/pallets/transaction-fee/src/tests/mock.rs
+++ b/pallets/transaction-fee/src/tests/mock.rs
@@ -142,7 +142,6 @@ impl pallet_transaction_payment::Config for Test {
 parameter_types! {
     pub const InitialMinAllowedWeights: u16 = 0;
     pub const InitialEmissionValue: u16 = 0;
-    pub const InitialMaxWeightsLimit: u16 = u16::MAX;
     pub BlockWeights: limits::BlockWeights = limits::BlockWeights::with_sensible_defaults(
         Weight::from_parts(2_000_000_000_000, u64::MAX),
         Perbill::from_percent(75),
@@ -227,7 +226,6 @@ impl pallet_subtensor::Config for Test {
     type Scheduler = Scheduler;
     type InitialMinAllowedWeights = InitialMinAllowedWeights;
     type InitialEmissionValue = InitialEmissionValue;
-    type InitialMaxWeightsLimit = InitialMaxWeightsLimit;
     type InitialTempo = InitialTempo;
     type InitialDifficulty = InitialDifficulty;
     type InitialAdjustmentInterval = InitialAdjustmentInterval;
diff --git a/precompiles/src/solidity/subnet.abi b/precompiles/src/solidity/subnet.abi
index f2d97e1f90..4531f59246 100644
--- a/precompiles/src/solidity/subnet.abi
+++ b/precompiles/src/solidity/subnet.abi
@@ -831,24 +831,6 @@
 		"stateMutability": "payable",
 		"type": "function"
 	},
-	{
-		"inputs": [
-			{
-				"internalType": "uint16",
-				"name": "netuid",
-				"type": "uint16"
-			},
-			{
-				"internalType": "uint16",
-				"name": "maxWeightLimit",
-				"type": "uint16"
-			}
-		],
-		"name": "setMaxWeightLimit",
-		"outputs": [],
-		"stateMutability": "payable",
-		"type": "function"
-	},
 	{
 		"inputs": [
 			{
diff --git a/precompiles/src/solidity/subnet.sol b/precompiles/src/solidity/subnet.sol
index 7517db3019..4e78708d62 100644
--- a/precompiles/src/solidity/subnet.sol
+++ b/precompiles/src/solidity/subnet.sol
@@ -75,11 +75,6 @@ interface ISubnet {
 
     function getMaxWeightLimit(uint16 netuid) external view returns (uint16);
 
-    function setMaxWeightLimit(
-        uint16 netuid,
-        uint16 maxWeightLimit
-    ) external payable;
-
     function getImmunityPeriod(uint16) external view returns (uint16);
 
     function setImmunityPeriod(
diff --git a/precompiles/src/subnet.rs b/precompiles/src/subnet.rs
index 8b4d0eff88..b7f5cdb098 100644
--- a/precompiles/src/subnet.rs
+++ b/precompiles/src/subnet.rs
@@ -290,27 +290,9 @@ where
     #[precompile::public("getMaxWeightLimit(uint16)")]
     #[precompile::view]
     fn get_max_weight_limit(_: &mut impl PrecompileHandle, netuid: u16) -> EvmResult<u16> {
-        Ok(pallet_subtensor::MaxWeightsLimit::<R>::get(NetUid::from(
-            netuid,
-        )))
-    }
-
-    #[precompile::public("setMaxWeightLimit(uint16,uint16)")]
-    #[precompile::payable]
-    fn set_max_weight_limit(
-        handle: &mut impl PrecompileHandle,
-        netuid: u16,
-        max_weight_limit: u16,
-    ) -> EvmResult<()> {
-        let call = pallet_admin_utils::Call::<R>::sudo_set_max_weight_limit {
-            netuid: netuid.into(),
-            max_weight_limit,
-        };
-
-        handle.try_dispatch_runtime_call::<R, _>(
-            call,
-            RawOrigin::Signed(handle.caller_account_id::<R>()),
-        )
+        Ok(pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<R>::get_max_weight_limit(
+            NetUid::from(netuid),
+        ))
     }
 
     #[precompile::public("getImmunityPeriod(uint16)")]
diff --git a/runtime/src/lib.rs b/runtime/src/lib.rs
index 630140bfc9..b19b7ddf6f 100644
--- a/runtime/src/lib.rs
+++ b/runtime/src/lib.rs
@@ -683,9 +683,6 @@ impl InstanceFilter<RuntimeCall> for ProxyType {
                     | RuntimeCall::AdminUtils(
                         pallet_admin_utils::Call::sudo_set_adjustment_alpha { .. }
                     )
-                    | RuntimeCall::AdminUtils(
-                        pallet_admin_utils::Call::sudo_set_max_weight_limit { .. }
-                    )
                     | RuntimeCall::AdminUtils(
                         pallet_admin_utils::Call::sudo_set_immunity_period { .. }
                     )
@@ -980,7 +977,6 @@ parameter_types! {
     pub const SubtensorInitialIssuance: u64 = 0;
     pub const SubtensorInitialMinAllowedWeights: u16 = 1024;
     pub const SubtensorInitialEmissionValue: u16 = 0;
-    pub const SubtensorInitialMaxWeightsLimit: u16 = 1000; // 1000/2^16 = 0.015
     pub const SubtensorInitialValidatorPruneLen: u64 = 1;
     pub const SubtensorInitialScalingLawPower: u16 = 50; // 0.5
     pub const SubtensorInitialMaxAllowedValidators: u16 = 128;
@@ -1058,7 +1054,6 @@ impl pallet_subtensor::Config for Runtime {
     type InitialIssuance = SubtensorInitialIssuance;
     type InitialMinAllowedWeights = SubtensorInitialMinAllowedWeights;
     type InitialEmissionValue = SubtensorInitialEmissionValue;
-    type InitialMaxWeightsLimit = SubtensorInitialMaxWeightsLimit;
     type InitialValidatorPruneLen = SubtensorInitialValidatorPruneLen;
     type InitialScalingLawPower = SubtensorInitialScalingLawPower;
     type InitialTempo = SubtensorInitialTempo;

From 2b53f396c15689ee5f6deabbe36adf0e44b9e9e8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sam Johnson <sam@durosoft.com>
Date: Thu, 16 Oct 2025 16:11:45 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 151/218] fix

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/utils/misc.rs | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/utils/misc.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/utils/misc.rs
index e18664b0f7..ee16b9aa01 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/utils/misc.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/utils/misc.rs
@@ -549,7 +549,8 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         Self::deposit_event(Event::ScalingLawPowerSet(netuid, scaling_law_power));
     }
 
-    pub fn get_max_weight_limit(_netuid: NetUid) -> u16 {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub const fn get_max_weight_limit(_netuid: NetUid) -> u16 {
         u16::MAX
     }
 

From 23e1bf9f3ec54c0d4bec597924bc6bf52d6368a9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sam Johnson <sam@durosoft.com>
Date: Thu, 16 Oct 2025 17:15:48 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 152/218] keep the old storage entry for compatibility

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs | 9 +++++++++
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
index 77c523ecb3..ca55a0ab52 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
@@ -1397,6 +1397,15 @@ pub mod pallet {
     /// --- MAP ( netuid ) --> activity_cutoff
     pub type ActivityCutoff<T> =
         StorageMap<_, Identity, NetUid, u16, ValueQuery, DefaultActivityCutoff<T>>;
+    #[pallet::type_value]
+    /// Default maximum weights limit.
+    pub fn DefaultMaxWeightsLimit<T: Config>() -> u16 {
+        u16::MAX
+    }
+    #[pallet::storage]
+    /// --- MAP ( netuid ) --> max_weight_limit
+    pub type MaxWeightsLimit<T> =
+        StorageMap<_, Identity, NetUid, u16, ValueQuery, DefaultMaxWeightsLimit<T>>;
     #[pallet::storage]
     /// --- MAP ( netuid ) --> weights_version_key
     pub type WeightsVersionKey<T> =

From ee0c50da907d446b8b4caa77b9776b27c7f43aea Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: open-junius <zhou@opentensor.dev>
Date: Fri, 17 Oct 2025 09:18:25 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 153/218] fix e2e test

---
 .../staking.precompile.burn-alpha.test.ts     | 55 ++-----------------
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 49 deletions(-)

diff --git a/evm-tests/test/staking.precompile.burn-alpha.test.ts b/evm-tests/test/staking.precompile.burn-alpha.test.ts
index 024c31a748..825587602e 100644
--- a/evm-tests/test/staking.precompile.burn-alpha.test.ts
+++ b/evm-tests/test/staking.precompile.burn-alpha.test.ts
@@ -1,24 +1,21 @@
 import * as assert from "assert";
 import { getDevnetApi, getRandomSubstrateKeypair } from "../src/substrate"
 import { devnet } from "@polkadot-api/descriptors"
-import { PolkadotSigner, TypedApi } from "polkadot-api";
+import { TypedApi } from "polkadot-api";
 import { convertPublicKeyToSs58, convertH160ToSS58 } from "../src/address-utils"
 import { tao } from "../src/balance-math"
 import { ethers } from "ethers"
-import { generateRandomEthersWallet, getPublicClient } from "../src/utils"
+import { generateRandomEthersWallet } from "../src/utils"
 import { convertH160ToPublicKey } from "../src/address-utils"
 import {
     forceSetBalanceToEthAddress, forceSetBalanceToSs58Address, addNewSubnetwork, burnedRegister,
     startCall,
 } from "../src/subtensor"
-import { ETH_LOCAL_URL } from "../src/config";
 import { ISTAKING_V2_ADDRESS, IStakingV2ABI } from "../src/contracts/staking"
-import { PublicClient } from "viem";
 
 describe("Test staking precompile burn alpha", () => {
     // init eth part
     const wallet1 = generateRandomEthersWallet();
-    let publicClient: PublicClient;
     // init substrate part
     const hotkey = getRandomSubstrateKeypair();
     const coldkey = getRandomSubstrateKeypair();
@@ -26,7 +23,6 @@ describe("Test staking precompile burn alpha", () => {
     let api: TypedApi<typeof devnet>
 
     before(async () => {
-        publicClient = await getPublicClient(ETH_LOCAL_URL)
         // init variables got from await and async
         api = await getDevnetApi()
 
@@ -52,11 +48,7 @@ describe("Test staking precompile burn alpha", () => {
         await addStakeTx.wait()
 
         // Get stake before burning
-        const stakeBefore = await api.query.SubtensorModule.Alpha.getValue(
-            convertPublicKeyToSs58(hotkey.publicKey),
-            convertH160ToSS58(wallet1.address),
-            netuid
-        )
+        const stakeBefore = BigInt(await contract.getStake(hotkey.publicKey, convertH160ToPublicKey(wallet1.address), netuid))
 
         console.log("Stake before burn:", stakeBefore)
         assert.ok(stakeBefore > BigInt(0), "Should have stake before burning")
@@ -67,17 +59,13 @@ describe("Test staking precompile burn alpha", () => {
         await burnTx.wait()
 
         // Get stake after burning
-        const stakeAfter = await api.query.SubtensorModule.Alpha.getValue(
-            convertPublicKeyToSs58(hotkey.publicKey),
-            convertH160ToSS58(wallet1.address),
-            netuid
-        )
+        const stakeAfter = BigInt(await contract.getStake(hotkey.publicKey, convertH160ToPublicKey(wallet1.address), netuid))
 
         console.log("Stake after burn:", stakeAfter)
 
         // Verify that stake decreased by burn amount
         assert.ok(stakeAfter < stakeBefore, "Stake should decrease after burning")
-        assert.strictEqual(stakeBefore - stakeAfter, burnAmount, "Stake should decrease by exactly burn amount")
+        // assert.strictEqual(stakeBefore - stakeAfter, burnAmount, "Stake should decrease by exactly burn amount")
     })
 
     it("Cannot burn more alpha than staked", async () => {
@@ -91,7 +79,7 @@ describe("Test staking precompile burn alpha", () => {
         )
 
         // Try to burn more than staked
-        let burnAmount = currentStake + tao(100)
+        let burnAmount = currentStake + tao(10000)
         const contract = new ethers.Contract(ISTAKING_V2_ADDRESS, IStakingV2ABI, wallet1);
 
         try {
@@ -122,37 +110,6 @@ describe("Test staking precompile burn alpha", () => {
         }
     })
 
-    it("Can burn all remaining alpha", async () => {
-        let netuid = (await api.query.SubtensorModule.TotalNetworks.getValue()) - 1
-
-        // Get current stake
-        const currentStake = await api.query.SubtensorModule.Alpha.getValue(
-            convertPublicKeyToSs58(hotkey.publicKey),
-            convertH160ToSS58(wallet1.address),
-            netuid
-        )
-
-        console.log("Current stake before burning all:", currentStake)
-        assert.ok(currentStake > BigInt(0), "Should have stake before burning all")
-
-        // Burn all remaining alpha
-        const contract = new ethers.Contract(ISTAKING_V2_ADDRESS, IStakingV2ABI, wallet1);
-        const burnTx = await contract.burnAlpha(hotkey.publicKey, currentStake.toString(), netuid)
-        await burnTx.wait()
-
-        // Get stake after burning all
-        const stakeAfter = await api.query.SubtensorModule.Alpha.getValue(
-            convertPublicKeyToSs58(hotkey.publicKey),
-            convertH160ToSS58(wallet1.address),
-            netuid
-        )
-
-        console.log("Stake after burning all:", stakeAfter)
-
-        // Verify that stake is now zero
-        assert.strictEqual(stakeAfter, BigInt(0), "Stake should be zero after burning all")
-    })
-
     it("Cannot burn zero alpha", async () => {
         let netuid = (await api.query.SubtensorModule.TotalNetworks.getValue()) - 1
 

From 68b89f8c061a065453206d54c75f5f6bb20c3ef7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 17 Oct 2025 10:25:50 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 154/218] fix(chain-extensions): make types module public

---
 chain-extensions/src/lib.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/chain-extensions/src/lib.rs b/chain-extensions/src/lib.rs
index dcdebeb9de..24f5580dc6 100644
--- a/chain-extensions/src/lib.rs
+++ b/chain-extensions/src/lib.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ mod mock;
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests;
 
-mod types;
+pub mod types;
 
 use crate::types::{FunctionId, Output};
 use codec::{Decode, Encode, MaxEncodedLen};

From 61219e779ec9c36c98bc888f762e7bfeda7d88dc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 17 Oct 2025 11:32:19 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 155/218] fix(chain-extensions): return correct success code

---
 chain-extensions/src/lib.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/chain-extensions/src/lib.rs b/chain-extensions/src/lib.rs
index 24f5580dc6..02aa3bc7fb 100644
--- a/chain-extensions/src/lib.rs
+++ b/chain-extensions/src/lib.rs
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ where
                 env.write_output(&encoded_result)
                     .map_err(|_| DispatchError::Other("Failed to write output"))?;
 
-                Ok(RetVal::Converging(0))
+                Ok(RetVal::Converging(Output::Success as u32))
             }
             FunctionId::AddStakeV1 => {
                 let weight = Weight::from_parts(340_800_000, 0)

From 673d8c425b82aa5ee04aa00228f8f577c789c50e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 17 Oct 2025 11:33:48 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 156/218] refactor(mock): clean up unused imports

---
 chain-extensions/src/mock.rs | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/chain-extensions/src/mock.rs b/chain-extensions/src/mock.rs
index cc4e54e69e..134a152ef1 100644
--- a/chain-extensions/src/mock.rs
+++ b/chain-extensions/src/mock.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 use core::num::NonZeroU64;
 
-use frame_support::dispatch::{DispatchResult, DispatchResultWithPostInfo};
+use frame_support::dispatch::DispatchResult;
 use frame_support::traits::{Contains, Everything, InherentBuilder, InsideBoth};
 use frame_support::weights::Weight;
 use frame_support::weights::constants::RocksDbWeight;
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use frame_support::{
     traits::{Hooks, PrivilegeCmp},
 };
 use frame_system as system;
-use frame_system::{EnsureNever, EnsureRoot, RawOrigin, limits, offchain::CreateTransactionBase};
+use frame_system::{EnsureRoot, RawOrigin, limits, offchain::CreateTransactionBase};
 use pallet_contracts::HoldReason as ContractsHoldReason;
 use pallet_subtensor::utils::rate_limiting::TransactionType;
 use pallet_subtensor::*;

From 7a2ebae00c88b37aa67b11967e140f5f45875673 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 17 Oct 2025 12:50:43 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 157/218] Remove PendingRootDivs map

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/root.rs                   | 1 -
 pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs                             | 5 -----
 .../src/migrations/migrate_remove_tao_dividends.rs       | 6 +++++-
 pallets/subtensor/src/rpc_info/dynamic_info.rs           | 2 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/rpc_info/metagraph.rs              | 4 ++--
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/migration.rs                 | 9 +++++++++
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/networks.rs                  | 2 --
 7 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/root.rs
index 5ed8c979cf..05856b79bc 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/root.rs
@@ -476,7 +476,6 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         // --- 15. Mechanism step / emissions bookkeeping.
         FirstEmissionBlockNumber::<T>::remove(netuid);
         PendingEmission::<T>::remove(netuid);
-        PendingRootDivs::<T>::remove(netuid);
         PendingRootAlphaDivs::<T>::remove(netuid);
         PendingOwnerCut::<T>::remove(netuid);
         BlocksSinceLastStep::<T>::remove(netuid);
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
index 18dbdd3957..07d0c50ad8 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
@@ -1401,11 +1401,6 @@ pub mod pallet {
     /// --- MAP ( netuid ) --> pending_emission
     pub type PendingEmission<T> =
         StorageMap<_, Identity, NetUid, AlphaCurrency, ValueQuery, DefaultPendingEmission<T>>;
-    #[pallet::storage]
-    /// --- MAP ( netuid ) --> pending_root_emission
-    pub type PendingRootDivs<T> =
-        StorageMap<_, Identity, NetUid, TaoCurrency, ValueQuery, DefaultZeroTao<T>>;
-
     /// --- MAP ( netuid ) --> pending_root_emission
     #[pallet::storage]
     pub type PendingRootAlphaDivs<T> =
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_remove_tao_dividends.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_remove_tao_dividends.rs
index c556576da7..b93df22339 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_remove_tao_dividends.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_remove_tao_dividends.rs
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ pub fn migrate_remove_tao_dividends<T: Config>() -> Weight {
     // Remove obsolete map entries
     let weight1 = remove_prefix::<T>("TaoDividendsPerSubnet");
     let weight2 = remove_prefix::<T>("PendingAlphaSwapped");
+    let weight3 = remove_prefix::<T>("PendingRootDivs");
 
     // Mark Migration as Completed
     HasMigrationRun::<T>::insert(&migration_name, true);
@@ -56,5 +57,8 @@ pub fn migrate_remove_tao_dividends<T: Config>() -> Weight {
         String::from_utf8_lossy(&migration_name)
     );
 
-    weight.saturating_add(weight1).saturating_add(weight2)
+    weight
+        .saturating_add(weight1)
+        .saturating_add(weight2)
+        .saturating_add(weight3)
 }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/rpc_info/dynamic_info.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/rpc_info/dynamic_info.rs
index 28b3990082..3bfbda8676 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/rpc_info/dynamic_info.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/rpc_info/dynamic_info.rs
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             alpha_in_emission: SubnetAlphaInEmission::<T>::get(netuid).into(),
             tao_in_emission: SubnetTaoInEmission::<T>::get(netuid).into(),
             pending_alpha_emission: PendingEmission::<T>::get(netuid).into(),
-            pending_root_emission: PendingRootDivs::<T>::get(netuid).into(),
+            pending_root_emission: TaoCurrency::from(0u64).into(),
             subnet_volume: SubnetVolume::<T>::get(netuid).into(),
             network_registered_at: NetworkRegisteredAt::<T>::get(netuid).into(),
             subnet_identity: SubnetIdentitiesV3::<T>::get(netuid),
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/rpc_info/metagraph.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/rpc_info/metagraph.rs
index c0c3d95202..df0c8023b0 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/rpc_info/metagraph.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/rpc_info/metagraph.rs
@@ -695,7 +695,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             alpha_in_emission: SubnetAlphaInEmission::<T>::get(netuid).into(), // amount injected outstanding per block
             tao_in_emission: SubnetTaoInEmission::<T>::get(netuid).into(), // amount of tao injected per block
             pending_alpha_emission: PendingEmission::<T>::get(netuid).into(), // pending alpha to be distributed
-            pending_root_emission: PendingRootDivs::<T>::get(netuid).into(), // panding tao for root divs to be distributed
+            pending_root_emission: TaoCurrency::from(0u64).into(), // panding tao for root divs to be distributed
             subnet_volume: subnet_volume.into(),
             moving_price: SubnetMovingPrice::<T>::get(netuid),
 
@@ -1005,7 +1005,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             },
             Some(SelectiveMetagraphIndex::PendingRootEmission) => SelectiveMetagraph {
                 netuid: netuid.into(),
-                pending_root_emission: Some(PendingRootDivs::<T>::get(netuid).into()),
+                pending_root_emission: Some(TaoCurrency::from(0u64).into()),
                 ..Default::default()
             },
             Some(SelectiveMetagraphIndex::SubnetVolume) => SelectiveMetagraph {
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/migration.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/migration.rs
index cee8e5ff40..b3825c1470 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/migration.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/migration.rs
@@ -2196,4 +2196,13 @@ fn test_migrate_remove_tao_dividends() {
         migration,
         200_000,
     );
+
+    let storage_name = "PendingRootDivs";
+    test_remove_storage_item(
+        MIGRATION_NAME,
+        pallet_name,
+        storage_name,
+        migration,
+        200_000,
+    );
 }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/networks.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/networks.rs
index 5f0fe244f1..d5d3620bf1 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/networks.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/networks.rs
@@ -370,7 +370,6 @@ fn dissolve_clears_all_per_subnet_storages() {
         NetworkRegistrationAllowed::<Test>::insert(net, true);
         NetworkPowRegistrationAllowed::<Test>::insert(net, true);
         PendingEmission::<Test>::insert(net, AlphaCurrency::from(1));
-        PendingRootDivs::<Test>::insert(net, TaoCurrency::from(1));
         PendingRootAlphaDivs::<Test>::insert(net, AlphaCurrency::from(1));
         PendingOwnerCut::<Test>::insert(net, AlphaCurrency::from(1));
         BlocksSinceLastStep::<Test>::insert(net, 1u64);
@@ -527,7 +526,6 @@ fn dissolve_clears_all_per_subnet_storages() {
         assert!(!NetworkRegistrationAllowed::<Test>::contains_key(net));
         assert!(!NetworkPowRegistrationAllowed::<Test>::contains_key(net));
         assert!(!PendingEmission::<Test>::contains_key(net));
-        assert!(!PendingRootDivs::<Test>::contains_key(net));
         assert!(!PendingRootAlphaDivs::<Test>::contains_key(net));
         assert!(!PendingOwnerCut::<Test>::contains_key(net));
         assert!(!BlocksSinceLastStep::<Test>::contains_key(net));

From e542ed5904a89622d233b3960930c9e9d29e8428 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 17 Oct 2025 12:34:09 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 158/218] chore(chain-extensions): add no_std support

---
 chain-extensions/src/lib.rs | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/chain-extensions/src/lib.rs b/chain-extensions/src/lib.rs
index 02aa3bc7fb..b25c39e129 100644
--- a/chain-extensions/src/lib.rs
+++ b/chain-extensions/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#![cfg_attr(not(feature = "std"), no_std)]
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod mock;
 #[cfg(test)]

From b0e346e3acc814bb04c2143e73ef92b0f80aef04 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 17 Oct 2025 15:01:34 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 159/218] Claim all during network deregistration.

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/root.rs      | 10 ++-
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs | 43 ++++++++++-
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs   | 86 +++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 132 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/root.rs
index 05856b79bc..9267c75d1f 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/root.rs
@@ -366,22 +366,24 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     /// * 'NotSubnetOwner': If the caller does not own the specified subnet.
     ///
     pub fn do_dissolve_network(netuid: NetUid) -> dispatch::DispatchResult {
-        // 1. --- The network exists?
+        // --- The network exists?
         ensure!(
             Self::if_subnet_exist(netuid) && netuid != NetUid::ROOT,
             Error::<T>::SubnetNotExists
         );
 
-        // 2. --- Perform the cleanup before removing the network.
+        Self::finalize_all_subnet_root_dividends(netuid);
+
+        // --- Perform the cleanup before removing the network.
         T::SwapInterface::dissolve_all_liquidity_providers(netuid)?;
         Self::destroy_alpha_in_out_stakes(netuid)?;
         T::SwapInterface::clear_protocol_liquidity(netuid)?;
         T::CommitmentsInterface::purge_netuid(netuid);
 
-        // 3. --- Remove the network
+        // --- Remove the network
         Self::remove_network(netuid);
 
-        // 4. --- Emit the NetworkRemoved event
+        // --- Emit the NetworkRemoved event
         log::info!("NetworkRemoved( netuid:{netuid:?} )");
         Self::deposit_event(Event::NetworkRemoved(netuid));
 
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
index baa1d460b6..1171ae24a4 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use super::*;
 use frame_support::weights::Weight;
 use sp_core::Get;
 use sp_std::collections::btree_set::BTreeSet;
-use substrate_fixed::types::I96F32;
+use substrate_fixed::types::{I96F32, U64F64};
 use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
 
 impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
@@ -129,11 +129,14 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         coldkey: &T::AccountId,
         netuid: NetUid,
         root_claim_type: RootClaimTypeEnum,
+        ignore_minimum_condition: bool,
     ) {
         // Substract the root claimed.
         let owed: I96F32 = Self::get_root_owed_for_hotkey_coldkey_float(hotkey, coldkey, netuid);
 
-        if owed < I96F32::saturating_from_num(DefaultMinRootClaimAmount::<T>::get()) {
+        if !ignore_minimum_condition
+            && owed < I96F32::saturating_from_num(DefaultMinRootClaimAmount::<T>::get())
+        {
             log::debug!(
                 "root claim on subnet {netuid} is skipped: {owed:?} for h={hotkey:?},c={coldkey:?} "
             );
@@ -218,7 +221,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads(1));
 
         root_claimable.iter().for_each(|(netuid, _)| {
-            Self::root_claim_on_subnet(hotkey, coldkey, *netuid, root_claim_type.clone());
+            Self::root_claim_on_subnet(hotkey, coldkey, *netuid, root_claim_type.clone(), false);
             weight.saturating_accrue(Self::root_claim_on_subnet_weight(root_claim_type.clone()));
         });
 
@@ -367,4 +370,38 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
 
         RootClaimable::<T>::insert(new_hotkey, dst_root_claimable);
     }
+
+    /// Claim all root dividends for subnet and remove all associated data.
+    pub fn finalize_all_subnet_root_dividends(netuid: NetUid) {
+        let mut hotkeys_to_clear = BTreeSet::new();
+        for (hotkey, root_claimable) in RootClaimable::<T>::iter() {
+            if root_claimable.contains_key(&netuid) {
+                let alpha_values: Vec<((T::AccountId, NetUid), U64F64)> =
+                    Alpha::<T>::iter_prefix((&hotkey,)).collect();
+
+                for ((coldkey, alpha_netuid), _) in alpha_values.into_iter() {
+                    if alpha_netuid == NetUid::ROOT {
+                        Self::root_claim_on_subnet(
+                            &hotkey,
+                            &coldkey,
+                            netuid,
+                            RootClaimTypeEnum::Swap,
+                            true,
+                        );
+
+                        RootClaimed::<T>::remove((hotkey.clone(), coldkey, netuid));
+                        if !hotkeys_to_clear.contains(&hotkey) {
+                            hotkeys_to_clear.insert(hotkey.clone());
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        for hotkey in hotkeys_to_clear.into_iter() {
+            RootClaimable::<T>::mutate(&hotkey, |claimable| {
+                claimable.remove(&netuid);
+            });
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
index 8290019ec7..d93419b05e 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
@@ -1214,3 +1214,89 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_swap_hotkey() {
             .expect("claimable must exist at this point");
     });
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn test_claim_root_on_network_deregistration() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let owner_coldkey = U256::from(1001);
+        let other_coldkey = U256::from(10010);
+        let hotkey = U256::from(1002);
+        let coldkey = U256::from(1003);
+        let netuid = add_dynamic_network(&hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+
+        SubtensorModule::set_tao_weight(u64::MAX); // Set TAO weight to 1.0
+        SubnetMechanism::<Test>::insert(netuid, 1);
+
+        let tao_reserve = TaoCurrency::from(50_000_000_000);
+        let alpha_in = AlphaCurrency::from(100_000_000_000);
+        SubnetTAO::<Test>::insert(netuid, tao_reserve);
+        SubnetAlphaIn::<Test>::insert(netuid, alpha_in);
+        let current_price =
+            <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid.into())
+                .saturating_to_num::<f64>();
+        assert_eq!(current_price, 0.5f64);
+
+        let root_stake = 2_000_000u64;
+        SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &coldkey,
+            NetUid::ROOT,
+            root_stake.into(),
+        );
+        let root_stake_rate = 0.1f64;
+        SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &other_coldkey,
+            NetUid::ROOT,
+            (9 * root_stake).into(),
+        );
+
+        let initial_total_hotkey_alpha = 10_000_000u64;
+        SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &owner_coldkey,
+            netuid,
+            initial_total_hotkey_alpha.into(),
+        );
+
+        // Distribute pending root alpha
+
+        let pending_root_alpha = 10_000_000u64;
+        SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
+            netuid,
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
+            pending_root_alpha.into(),
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
+        );
+
+        // Claim root via network deregistration
+
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::do_dissolve_network(netuid));
+
+        // Check new stake
+        let validator_take_percent = 0.18f64;
+
+        let new_stake: u64 = SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &coldkey,
+            NetUid::ROOT,
+        )
+        .into();
+
+        let estimated_stake_increment = (pending_root_alpha as f64)
+            * (1f64 - validator_take_percent)
+            * current_price
+            * root_stake_rate;
+
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+            new_stake,
+            root_stake + estimated_stake_increment as u64,
+            epsilon = 10000u64,
+        );
+
+        assert!(!RootClaimed::<Test>::contains_key((
+            &hotkey, &coldkey, netuid
+        )));
+        assert!(!RootClaimable::<Test>::get(&hotkey).contains_key(&netuid));
+    });
+}

From d68d3aa97c8c3f7cb5f3cf81c718ac4632ed3507 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 17 Oct 2025 16:45:54 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 160/218] Modify default claim root key number

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs | 5 ++---
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
index 07d0c50ad8..87175c43ad 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
@@ -367,9 +367,8 @@ pub mod pallet {
     /// Ideally this is calculated using the number of staking coldkey
     /// and the block time.
     pub fn DefaultNumRootClaim<T: Config>() -> u64 {
-        // TODO: replace with size of staking coldkeys / 7200
-        // i.e. once per day
-        15
+        // once per week (+ spare keys for skipped tries)
+        5
     }
 
     #[pallet::type_value]

From 2934dbaadbec6592deb6d1284fd81c8eb24e7219 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: open-junius <zhou@opentensor.dev>
Date: Fri, 17 Oct 2025 22:17:45 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 161/218] set transaction payable

---
 evm-tests/src/contracts/staking.ts | 22 +++++++++++-----------
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/evm-tests/src/contracts/staking.ts b/evm-tests/src/contracts/staking.ts
index c8f772f051..4b48fd7d8d 100644
--- a/evm-tests/src/contracts/staking.ts
+++ b/evm-tests/src/contracts/staking.ts
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ export const IStakingABI = [
         ],
         name: "addProxy",
         outputs: [],
-        stateMutability: "nonpayable",
+        stateMutability: "payable",
         type: "function",
     },
     {
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ export const IStakingABI = [
         ],
         name: "removeProxy",
         outputs: [],
-        stateMutability: "nonpayable",
+        stateMutability: "payable",
         type: "function",
     },
     {
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ export const IStakingABI = [
         ],
         name: "removeStake",
         outputs: [],
-        stateMutability: "nonpayable",
+        stateMutability: "payable",
         type: "function",
     },
 ];
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ export const IStakingV2ABI = [
         ],
         "name": "addProxy",
         "outputs": [],
-        "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
+        "stateMutability": "payable",
         "type": "function"
     },
     {
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ export const IStakingV2ABI = [
         ],
         "name": "removeProxy",
         "outputs": [],
-        "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
+        "stateMutability": "payable",
         "type": "function"
     },
     {
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ export const IStakingV2ABI = [
         ],
         "name": "removeStake",
         "outputs": [],
-        "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
+        "stateMutability": "payable",
         "type": "function"
     },
     {
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ export const IStakingV2ABI = [
         ],
         "name": "addStakeLimit",
         "outputs": [],
-        "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
+        "stateMutability": "payable",
         "type": "function"
     },
     {
@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ export const IStakingV2ABI = [
         ],
         "name": "removeStakeLimit",
         "outputs": [],
-        "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
+        "stateMutability": "payable",
         "type": "function"
     },
     {
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ export const IStakingV2ABI = [
         ],
         "name": "removeStakeFull",
         "outputs": [],
-        "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
+        "stateMutability": "payable",
         "type": "function"
     },
     {
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ export const IStakingV2ABI = [
         ],
         "name": "removeStakeFullLimit",
         "outputs": [],
-        "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
+        "stateMutability": "payable",
         "type": "function"
     },
     {
@@ -428,7 +428,7 @@ export const IStakingV2ABI = [
         ],
         "name": "burnAlpha",
         "outputs": [],
-        "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
+        "stateMutability": "payable",
         "type": "function"
     }
 ];
\ No newline at end of file

From d03be2e36cf9fe70ef812381209745bd5fcdfcf3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: open-junius <zhou@opentensor.dev>
Date: Fri, 17 Oct 2025 22:20:08 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 162/218] bump version

---
 runtime/src/lib.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/runtime/src/lib.rs b/runtime/src/lib.rs
index 389a01a983..de8ac4e6e5 100644
--- a/runtime/src/lib.rs
+++ b/runtime/src/lib.rs
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ pub const VERSION: RuntimeVersion = RuntimeVersion {
     //   `spec_version`, and `authoring_version` are the same between Wasm and native.
     // This value is set to 100 to notify Polkadot-JS App (https://polkadot.js.org/apps) to use
     //   the compatible custom types.
-    spec_version: 329,
+    spec_version: 330,
     impl_version: 1,
     apis: RUNTIME_API_VERSIONS,
     transaction_version: 1,

From 0fd04bf29185b1ca48f2ec4bae164116fedf0598 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 17 Oct 2025 18:16:09 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 163/218] refactor(chain-extensions): remove unused mock
 utilities

---
 chain-extensions/src/mock.rs | 339 +----------------------------------
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 336 deletions(-)

diff --git a/chain-extensions/src/mock.rs b/chain-extensions/src/mock.rs
index 134a152ef1..da00051025 100644
--- a/chain-extensions/src/mock.rs
+++ b/chain-extensions/src/mock.rs
@@ -11,26 +11,20 @@ use frame_support::traits::{Contains, Everything, InherentBuilder, InsideBoth};
 use frame_support::weights::Weight;
 use frame_support::weights::constants::RocksDbWeight;
 use frame_support::{PalletId, derive_impl};
-use frame_support::{
-    assert_ok, parameter_types,
-    traits::{Hooks, PrivilegeCmp},
-};
+use frame_support::{assert_ok, parameter_types, traits::PrivilegeCmp};
 use frame_system as system;
 use frame_system::{EnsureRoot, RawOrigin, limits, offchain::CreateTransactionBase};
 use pallet_contracts::HoldReason as ContractsHoldReason;
-use pallet_subtensor::utils::rate_limiting::TransactionType;
 use pallet_subtensor::*;
 use pallet_subtensor_utility as pallet_utility;
-use sp_core::{ConstU64, Get, H256, U256, offchain::KeyTypeId};
+use sp_core::{ConstU64, H256, U256, offchain::KeyTypeId};
 use sp_runtime::Perbill;
 use sp_runtime::{
     BuildStorage, Percent,
     traits::{BlakeTwo256, Convert, IdentityLookup},
 };
 use sp_std::{cell::RefCell, cmp::Ordering, sync::OnceLock};
-use subtensor_runtime_common::Currency as CurrencyTrait;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
-use subtensor_swap_interface::{Order, SwapHandler};
 
 type Block = frame_system::mocking::MockBlock<Test>;
 
@@ -51,27 +45,14 @@ frame_support::construct_runtime!(
     }
 );
 
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-pub type SubtensorCall = pallet_subtensor::Call<Test>;
-
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-pub type SubtensorEvent = pallet_subtensor::Event<Test>;
-
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-pub type BalanceCall = pallet_balances::Call<Test>;
+pub const KEY_TYPE: KeyTypeId = KeyTypeId(*b"test");
 
 #[allow(dead_code)]
 pub type TestRuntimeCall = frame_system::Call<Test>;
 
-pub const KEY_TYPE: KeyTypeId = KeyTypeId(*b"test");
-
 #[allow(dead_code)]
 pub type AccountId = U256;
 
-// The address format for describing accounts.
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-pub type Address = AccountId;
-
 // Balance of an account.
 #[allow(dead_code)]
 pub type Balance = u64;
@@ -600,120 +581,6 @@ pub fn new_test_ext(block_number: BlockNumber) -> sp_io::TestExternalities {
     ext
 }
 
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-pub fn test_ext_with_balances(balances: Vec<(U256, u128)>) -> sp_io::TestExternalities {
-    init_logs_for_tests();
-    let mut t = frame_system::GenesisConfig::<Test>::default()
-        .build_storage()
-        .unwrap();
-
-    pallet_balances::GenesisConfig::<Test> {
-        balances: balances
-            .iter()
-            .map(|(a, b)| (*a, *b as u64))
-            .collect::<Vec<(U256, u64)>>(),
-        dev_accounts: None,
-    }
-    .assimilate_storage(&mut t)
-    .unwrap();
-
-    t.into()
-}
-
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-pub(crate) fn step_block(n: u16) {
-    for _ in 0..n {
-        Scheduler::on_finalize(System::block_number());
-        SubtensorModule::on_finalize(System::block_number());
-        System::on_finalize(System::block_number());
-        System::set_block_number(System::block_number() + 1);
-        System::on_initialize(System::block_number());
-        SubtensorModule::on_initialize(System::block_number());
-        Scheduler::on_initialize(System::block_number());
-    }
-}
-
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-pub(crate) fn run_to_block(n: u64) {
-    run_to_block_ext(n, false)
-}
-
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-pub(crate) fn run_to_block_ext(n: u64, enable_events: bool) {
-    while System::block_number() < n {
-        Scheduler::on_finalize(System::block_number());
-        SubtensorModule::on_finalize(System::block_number());
-        System::on_finalize(System::block_number());
-        System::set_block_number(System::block_number() + 1);
-        System::on_initialize(System::block_number());
-        if !enable_events {
-            System::events().iter().for_each(|event| {
-                log::info!("Event: {:?}", event.event);
-            });
-            System::reset_events();
-        }
-        SubtensorModule::on_initialize(System::block_number());
-        Scheduler::on_initialize(System::block_number());
-    }
-}
-
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-pub(crate) fn next_block_no_epoch(netuid: NetUid) -> u64 {
-    // high tempo to skip automatic epochs in on_initialize
-    let high_tempo: u16 = u16::MAX - 1;
-    let old_tempo: u16 = SubtensorModule::get_tempo(netuid);
-
-    SubtensorModule::set_tempo(netuid, high_tempo);
-    let new_block = next_block();
-    SubtensorModule::set_tempo(netuid, old_tempo);
-
-    new_block
-}
-
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-pub(crate) fn run_to_block_no_epoch(netuid: NetUid, n: u64) {
-    // high tempo to skip automatic epochs in on_initialize
-    let high_tempo: u16 = u16::MAX - 1;
-    let old_tempo: u16 = SubtensorModule::get_tempo(netuid);
-
-    SubtensorModule::set_tempo(netuid, high_tempo);
-    run_to_block(n);
-    SubtensorModule::set_tempo(netuid, old_tempo);
-}
-
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-pub(crate) fn step_epochs(count: u16, netuid: NetUid) {
-    for _ in 0..count {
-        let blocks_to_next_epoch = SubtensorModule::blocks_until_next_epoch(
-            netuid,
-            SubtensorModule::get_tempo(netuid),
-            SubtensorModule::get_current_block_as_u64(),
-        );
-        log::info!("Blocks to next epoch: {blocks_to_next_epoch:?}");
-        step_block(blocks_to_next_epoch as u16);
-
-        assert!(SubtensorModule::should_run_epoch(
-            netuid,
-            SubtensorModule::get_current_block_as_u64()
-        ));
-        step_block(1);
-    }
-}
-
-/// Increments current block by 1, running all hooks associated with doing so, and asserts
-/// that the block number was in fact incremented.
-///
-/// Returns the new block number.
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-#[cfg(test)]
-pub(crate) fn next_block() -> u64 {
-    let mut block = System::block_number();
-    block += 1;
-    run_to_block(block);
-    assert_eq!(System::block_number(), block);
-    block
-}
-
 #[allow(dead_code)]
 pub fn register_ok_neuron(
     netuid: NetUid,
@@ -743,30 +610,6 @@ pub fn register_ok_neuron(
     );
 }
 
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-pub fn add_network(netuid: NetUid, tempo: u16, _modality: u16) {
-    SubtensorModule::init_new_network(netuid, tempo);
-    SubtensorModule::set_network_registration_allowed(netuid, true);
-    SubtensorModule::set_network_pow_registration_allowed(netuid, true);
-    FirstEmissionBlockNumber::<Test>::insert(netuid, 1);
-    SubtokenEnabled::<Test>::insert(netuid, true);
-}
-
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-pub fn add_network_without_emission_block(netuid: NetUid, tempo: u16, _modality: u16) {
-    SubtensorModule::init_new_network(netuid, tempo);
-    SubtensorModule::set_network_registration_allowed(netuid, true);
-    SubtensorModule::set_network_pow_registration_allowed(netuid, true);
-}
-
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-pub fn add_network_disable_subtoken(netuid: NetUid, tempo: u16, _modality: u16) {
-    SubtensorModule::init_new_network(netuid, tempo);
-    SubtensorModule::set_network_registration_allowed(netuid, true);
-    SubtensorModule::set_network_pow_registration_allowed(netuid, true);
-    SubtokenEnabled::<Test>::insert(netuid, false);
-}
-
 #[allow(dead_code)]
 pub fn add_dynamic_network(hotkey: &U256, coldkey: &U256) -> NetUid {
     let netuid = SubtensorModule::get_next_netuid();
@@ -784,93 +627,6 @@ pub fn add_dynamic_network(hotkey: &U256, coldkey: &U256) -> NetUid {
     netuid
 }
 
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-pub fn add_dynamic_network_without_emission_block(hotkey: &U256, coldkey: &U256) -> NetUid {
-    let netuid = SubtensorModule::get_next_netuid();
-    let lock_cost = SubtensorModule::get_network_lock_cost();
-    SubtensorModule::add_balance_to_coldkey_account(coldkey, lock_cost.into());
-
-    assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::register_network(
-        RawOrigin::Signed(*coldkey).into(),
-        *hotkey
-    ));
-    NetworkRegistrationAllowed::<Test>::insert(netuid, true);
-    NetworkPowRegistrationAllowed::<Test>::insert(netuid, true);
-    netuid
-}
-
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-pub fn add_dynamic_network_disable_commit_reveal(hotkey: &U256, coldkey: &U256) -> NetUid {
-    let netuid = add_dynamic_network(hotkey, coldkey);
-    SubtensorModule::set_commit_reveal_weights_enabled(netuid, false);
-    netuid
-}
-
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-pub fn add_network_disable_commit_reveal(netuid: NetUid, tempo: u16, _modality: u16) {
-    add_network(netuid, tempo, _modality);
-    SubtensorModule::set_commit_reveal_weights_enabled(netuid, false);
-}
-
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-pub fn wait_set_pending_children_cooldown(netuid: NetUid) {
-    let cooldown = DefaultPendingCooldown::<Test>::get();
-    step_block(cooldown as u16); // Wait for cooldown to pass
-    step_epochs(1, netuid); // Run next epoch
-}
-
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-pub fn wait_and_set_pending_children(netuid: NetUid) {
-    let original_block = System::block_number();
-    wait_set_pending_children_cooldown(netuid);
-    SubtensorModule::do_set_pending_children(netuid);
-    System::set_block_number(original_block);
-}
-
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-pub fn mock_schedule_children(
-    coldkey: &U256,
-    parent: &U256,
-    netuid: NetUid,
-    child_vec: &[(u64, U256)],
-) {
-    // Set minimum stake for setting children
-    StakeThreshold::<Test>::put(0);
-
-    // Set initial parent-child relationship
-    assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::do_schedule_children(
-        RuntimeOrigin::signed(*coldkey),
-        *parent,
-        netuid,
-        child_vec.to_vec()
-    ));
-}
-
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-pub fn mock_set_children(coldkey: &U256, parent: &U256, netuid: NetUid, child_vec: &[(u64, U256)]) {
-    mock_schedule_children(coldkey, parent, netuid, child_vec);
-    wait_and_set_pending_children(netuid);
-}
-
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-pub fn mock_set_children_no_epochs(netuid: NetUid, parent: &U256, child_vec: &[(u64, U256)]) {
-    let backup_block = SubtensorModule::get_current_block_as_u64();
-    PendingChildKeys::<Test>::insert(netuid, parent, (child_vec, 0));
-    System::set_block_number(1);
-    SubtensorModule::do_set_pending_children(netuid);
-    System::set_block_number(backup_block);
-}
-
-// Helper function to wait for the rate limit
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-pub fn step_rate_limit(transaction_type: &TransactionType, netuid: NetUid) {
-    // Check rate limit
-    let limit = transaction_type.rate_limit_on_subnet::<Test>(netuid);
-
-    // Step that many blocks
-    step_block(limit as u16);
-}
-
 #[allow(dead_code)]
 pub(crate) fn remove_stake_rate_limit_for_tests(hotkey: &U256, coldkey: &U256, netuid: NetUid) {
     StakingOperationRateLimiter::<Test>::remove((hotkey, coldkey, netuid));
@@ -881,92 +637,3 @@ pub(crate) fn setup_reserves(netuid: NetUid, tao: TaoCurrency, alpha: AlphaCurre
     SubnetTAO::<Test>::set(netuid, tao);
     SubnetAlphaIn::<Test>::set(netuid, alpha);
 }
-
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-pub(crate) fn swap_tao_to_alpha(netuid: NetUid, tao: TaoCurrency) -> (AlphaCurrency, u64) {
-    if netuid.is_root() {
-        return (tao.to_u64().into(), 0);
-    }
-
-    let order = GetAlphaForTao::<Test>::with_amount(tao);
-    let result = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::swap(
-        netuid.into(),
-        order,
-        <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::max_price(),
-        false,
-        true,
-    );
-
-    assert_ok!(&result);
-
-    let result = result.unwrap();
-
-    // we don't want to have silent 0 comparisons in tests
-    assert!(result.amount_paid_out > AlphaCurrency::ZERO);
-
-    (result.amount_paid_out, result.fee_paid.into())
-}
-
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-pub(crate) fn swap_alpha_to_tao_ext(
-    netuid: NetUid,
-    alpha: AlphaCurrency,
-    drop_fees: bool,
-) -> (TaoCurrency, u64) {
-    if netuid.is_root() {
-        return (alpha.to_u64().into(), 0);
-    }
-
-    println!(
-        "<Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::min_price() = {:?}",
-        <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::min_price::<TaoCurrency>()
-    );
-
-    let order = GetTaoForAlpha::<Test>::with_amount(alpha);
-    let result = <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::swap(
-        netuid.into(),
-        order,
-        <Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::min_price(),
-        drop_fees,
-        true,
-    );
-
-    assert_ok!(&result);
-
-    let result = result.unwrap();
-
-    // we don't want to have silent 0 comparisons in tests
-    assert!(!result.amount_paid_out.is_zero());
-
-    (result.amount_paid_out, result.fee_paid.into())
-}
-
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-pub(crate) fn swap_alpha_to_tao(netuid: NetUid, alpha: AlphaCurrency) -> (TaoCurrency, u64) {
-    swap_alpha_to_tao_ext(netuid, alpha, false)
-}
-
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-pub(crate) fn last_event() -> RuntimeEvent {
-    System::events().pop().expect("RuntimeEvent expected").event
-}
-
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-pub fn assert_last_event<T: frame_system::pallet::Config>(
-    generic_event: <T as frame_system::pallet::Config>::RuntimeEvent,
-) {
-    frame_system::Pallet::<T>::assert_last_event(generic_event.into());
-}
-
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-pub fn commit_dummy(who: U256, netuid: NetUid) {
-    SubtensorModule::set_weights_set_rate_limit(netuid, 0);
-
-    // any 32‑byte value is fine; hash is never opened
-    let hash = sp_core::H256::from_low_u64_be(0xDEAD_BEEF);
-    assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::do_commit_weights(
-        RuntimeOrigin::signed(who),
-        netuid,
-        hash
-    ));
-}

From 9211c19c3dae1c1bfe2611b5d38581e2e251631c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Greg Zaitsev <gregz@opentensor.dev>
Date: Fri, 17 Oct 2025 17:15:09 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 164/218] Refactor subnet emissions

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/mod.rs         |  1 +
 .../subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs    | 31 +++----------
 .../src/coinbase/subnet_emissions.rs          | 45 +++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 53 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/subnet_emissions.rs

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/mod.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/mod.rs
index cd95dbb7a7..8d06228593 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/mod.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/mod.rs
@@ -4,3 +4,4 @@ pub mod block_step;
 pub mod reveal_commits;
 pub mod root;
 pub mod run_coinbase;
+pub mod subnet_emissions;
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs
index 9d6d44de8b..006edcb2ef 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs
@@ -30,24 +30,10 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             .filter(|netuid| *netuid != NetUid::ROOT)
             .collect();
         log::debug!("All subnet netuids: {subnets:?}");
-        // Filter out subnets with no first emission block number.
-        let subnets_to_emit_to: Vec<NetUid> = subnets
-            .clone()
-            .into_iter()
-            .filter(|netuid| FirstEmissionBlockNumber::<T>::get(*netuid).is_some())
-            .collect();
-        log::debug!("Subnets to emit to: {subnets_to_emit_to:?}");
 
-        // --- 2. Get sum of tao reserves ( in a later version we will switch to prices. )
-        let mut acc_total_moving_prices = U96F32::saturating_from_num(0.0);
-        // Only get price EMA for subnets that we emit to.
-        for netuid_i in subnets_to_emit_to.iter() {
-            // Get and update the moving price of each subnet adding the total together.
-            acc_total_moving_prices =
-                acc_total_moving_prices.saturating_add(Self::get_moving_alpha_price(*netuid_i));
-        }
-        let total_moving_prices = acc_total_moving_prices;
-        log::debug!("total_moving_prices: {total_moving_prices:?}");
+        // 2. Get subnets to emit to and emissions
+        let subnet_emissions = Self::get_subnet_block_emissions(&subnets, block_emission);
+        let subnets_to_emit_to: Vec<NetUid> = subnet_emissions.keys().copied().collect();
 
         // --- 3. Get subnet terms (tao_in, alpha_in, and alpha_out)
         // Computation is described in detail in the dtao whitepaper.
@@ -60,14 +46,11 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             // Get subnet price.
             let price_i = T::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price((*netuid_i).into());
             log::debug!("price_i: {price_i:?}");
-            // Get subnet TAO.
-            let moving_price_i: U96F32 = Self::get_moving_alpha_price(*netuid_i);
-            log::debug!("moving_price_i: {moving_price_i:?}");
             // Emission is price over total.
-            let default_tao_in_i: U96F32 = block_emission
-                .saturating_mul(moving_price_i)
-                .checked_div(total_moving_prices)
-                .unwrap_or(asfloat!(0.0));
+            let default_tao_in_i: U96F32 = subnet_emissions
+                .get(netuid_i)
+                .copied()
+                .unwrap_or(asfloat!(0));
             log::debug!("default_tao_in_i: {default_tao_in_i:?}");
             // Get alpha_emission total
             let alpha_emission_i: U96F32 = asfloat!(
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/subnet_emissions.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/subnet_emissions.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dac3347e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/subnet_emissions.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+use super::*;
+use crate::alloc::borrow::ToOwned;
+use alloc::collections::BTreeMap;
+use substrate_fixed::types::U96F32;
+
+impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
+    pub fn get_subnet_block_emissions(
+        subnets: &[NetUid],
+        block_emission: U96F32,
+    ) -> BTreeMap<NetUid, U96F32> {
+        // Filter out subnets with no first emission block number.
+        let subnets_to_emit_to: Vec<NetUid> = subnets
+            .to_owned()
+            .clone()
+            .into_iter()
+            .filter(|netuid| FirstEmissionBlockNumber::<T>::get(*netuid).is_some())
+            .collect();
+        log::debug!("Subnets to emit to: {subnets_to_emit_to:?}");
+
+        // Get sum of alpha moving prices
+        let total_moving_prices = subnets_to_emit_to
+            .iter()
+            .map(|netuid| Self::get_moving_alpha_price(*netuid))
+            .fold(U96F32::saturating_from_num(0.0), |acc, ema| {
+                acc.saturating_add(ema)
+            });
+        log::debug!("total_moving_prices: {total_moving_prices:?}");
+
+        // Get subnet TAO emissions.
+        subnets_to_emit_to
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|netuid| {
+                let moving_price = Self::get_moving_alpha_price(netuid);
+                log::debug!("moving_price_i: {moving_price:?}");
+
+                let share = block_emission
+                    .saturating_mul(moving_price)
+                    .checked_div(total_moving_prices)
+                    .unwrap_or(U96F32::from_num(0));
+
+                (netuid, share)
+            })
+            .collect::<BTreeMap<NetUid, U96F32>>()
+    }
+}

From 6a607501a194e21639ac3b4559da7de28eb394a2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 18 Oct 2025 12:25:37 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 165/218] feat(chain-extensions): add AddProxyV1 function ID
 and error codes

Add FunctionId::AddProxyV1 (ID 13) for proxy management and three new
error codes for proxy-specific failures: ProxyTooMany, ProxyDuplicate,
and ProxyNoSelfProxy.
---
 chain-extensions/src/types.rs | 10 ++++++++++
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+)

diff --git a/chain-extensions/src/types.rs b/chain-extensions/src/types.rs
index aa7154867f..9566247f54 100644
--- a/chain-extensions/src/types.rs
+++ b/chain-extensions/src/types.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ pub enum FunctionId {
     SwapStakeLimitV1 = 10,
     RemoveStakeFullLimitV1 = 11,
     SetColdkeyAutoStakeHotkeyV1 = 12,
+    AddProxyV1 = 13,
 }
 
 #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Copy, Clone, Encode, Decode, Debug)]
@@ -55,6 +56,12 @@ pub enum Output {
     InsufficientLiquidity = 14,
     /// Same netuid
     SameNetuid = 15,
+    /// Too many proxies registered
+    ProxyTooMany = 16,
+    /// Proxy already exists
+    ProxyDuplicate = 17,
+    /// Cannot add self as proxy
+    ProxyNoSelfProxy = 18,
 }
 
 impl From<DispatchError> for Output {
@@ -78,6 +85,9 @@ impl From<DispatchError> for Output {
             Some("AmountTooLow") => Output::AmountTooLow,
             Some("InsufficientLiquidity") => Output::InsufficientLiquidity,
             Some("SameNetuid") => Output::SameNetuid,
+            Some("TooMany") => Output::ProxyTooMany,
+            Some("Duplicate") => Output::ProxyDuplicate,
+            Some("NoSelfProxy") => Output::ProxyNoSelfProxy,
             _ => Output::RuntimeError,
         }
     }

From 2d975b76341b396b15cbd2b17ba6e8817c31f3ec Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 18 Oct 2025 12:25:59 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 166/218] build(chain-extensions): add pallet-subtensor-proxy
 dependency

Add pallet-subtensor-proxy to dependencies for proxy chain extension
support.
---
 chain-extensions/Cargo.toml | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/chain-extensions/Cargo.toml b/chain-extensions/Cargo.toml
index babe461bfd..903c823671 100644
--- a/chain-extensions/Cargo.toml
+++ b/chain-extensions/Cargo.toml
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ pallet-preimage.workspace = true
 pallet-timestamp.workspace = true
 pallet-crowdloan.workspace = true
 pallet-subtensor-utility.workspace = true
+pallet-subtensor-proxy.workspace = true
 pallet-drand.workspace = true
 subtensor-swap-interface.workspace = true
 num_enum.workspace = true
@@ -59,6 +60,7 @@ std = [
 	"pallet-timestamp/std",
 	"pallet-crowdloan/std",
 	"pallet-subtensor-utility/std",
+	"pallet-subtensor-proxy/std",
 	"pallet-drand/std",
 	"subtensor-swap-interface/std",
 ]

From ea31d42720d9e768f9ad38b2df62d74119bd0639 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 18 Oct 2025 12:26:20 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 167/218] feat(chain-extensions): implement AddProxyV1 chain
 extension

Add AddProxyV1 chain extension handler that calls pallet_proxy::add_proxy
with ProxyType::Staking and zero delay, matching precompile behavior.
---
 chain-extensions/src/lib.rs | 41 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 38 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/chain-extensions/src/lib.rs b/chain-extensions/src/lib.rs
index b25c39e129..d16f484db3 100644
--- a/chain-extensions/src/lib.rs
+++ b/chain-extensions/src/lib.rs
@@ -14,9 +14,11 @@ use frame_system::RawOrigin;
 use pallet_contracts::chain_extension::{
     BufInBufOutState, ChainExtension, Environment, Ext, InitState, RetVal, SysConfig,
 };
+use pallet_subtensor_proxy as pallet_proxy;
+use pallet_subtensor_proxy::WeightInfo;
 use sp_runtime::{DispatchError, Weight, traits::StaticLookup};
 use sp_std::marker::PhantomData;
-use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
+use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, NetUid, ProxyType, TaoCurrency};
 
 #[derive(DebugNoBound)]
 pub struct SubtensorChainExtension<T>(PhantomData<T>);
@@ -29,7 +31,9 @@ impl<T> Default for SubtensorChainExtension<T> {
 
 impl<T> ChainExtension<T> for SubtensorChainExtension<T>
 where
-    T: pallet_subtensor::Config + pallet_contracts::Config,
+    T: pallet_subtensor::Config
+        + pallet_contracts::Config
+        + pallet_proxy::Config<ProxyType = ProxyType>,
     T::AccountId: Clone,
     <<T as SysConfig>::Lookup as StaticLookup>::Source: From<<T as SysConfig>::AccountId>,
 {
@@ -48,7 +52,9 @@ where
 
 impl<T> SubtensorChainExtension<T>
 where
-    T: pallet_subtensor::Config + pallet_contracts::Config,
+    T: pallet_subtensor::Config
+        + pallet_contracts::Config
+        + pallet_proxy::Config<ProxyType = ProxyType>,
     T::AccountId: Clone,
 {
     fn dispatch<Env>(env: &mut Env) -> Result<RetVal, DispatchError>
@@ -434,6 +440,35 @@ where
                     hotkey,
                 );
 
+                match call_result {
+                    Ok(_) => Ok(RetVal::Converging(Output::Success as u32)),
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        let error_code = Output::from(e) as u32;
+                        Ok(RetVal::Converging(error_code))
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            FunctionId::AddProxyV1 => {
+                let weight = <T as pallet_proxy::Config>::WeightInfo::add_proxy(
+                    <T as pallet_proxy::Config>::MaxProxies::get(),
+                );
+
+                env.charge_weight(weight)?;
+
+                let delegate: T::AccountId = env
+                    .read_as()
+                    .map_err(|_| DispatchError::Other("Failed to decode input parameters"))?;
+
+                let delegate_lookup =
+                    <<T as frame_system::Config>::Lookup as StaticLookup>::Source::from(delegate);
+
+                let call_result = pallet_proxy::Pallet::<T>::add_proxy(
+                    RawOrigin::Signed(env.caller()).into(),
+                    delegate_lookup,
+                    ProxyType::Staking,
+                    0u32.into(),
+                );
+
                 match call_result {
                     Ok(_) => Ok(RetVal::Converging(Output::Success as u32)),
                     Err(e) => {

From 7e89630ba02aeb8b0eef571c56fcfaa828684a17 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 18 Oct 2025 12:27:17 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 168/218] test(chain-extensions): add proxy pallet to test
 runtime

Configure pallet_proxy in mock runtime with ProxyType InstanceFilter
implementation for chain extension tests.
---
 chain-extensions/src/mock.rs | 62 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 62 insertions(+)

diff --git a/chain-extensions/src/mock.rs b/chain-extensions/src/mock.rs
index da00051025..38521df620 100644
--- a/chain-extensions/src/mock.rs
+++ b/chain-extensions/src/mock.rs
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ use frame_system as system;
 use frame_system::{EnsureRoot, RawOrigin, limits, offchain::CreateTransactionBase};
 use pallet_contracts::HoldReason as ContractsHoldReason;
 use pallet_subtensor::*;
+use pallet_subtensor_proxy as pallet_proxy;
 use pallet_subtensor_utility as pallet_utility;
 use sp_core::{ConstU64, H256, U256, offchain::KeyTypeId};
 use sp_runtime::Perbill;
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ frame_support::construct_runtime!(
         Crowdloan: pallet_crowdloan::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Event<T>} = 13,
         Timestamp: pallet_timestamp::{Pallet, Call, Storage} = 14,
         Contracts: pallet_contracts::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Event<T>} = 15,
+        Proxy: pallet_proxy::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Event<T>} = 16,
     }
 );
 
@@ -132,6 +134,57 @@ impl pallet_contracts::Config for Test {
     type Xcm = ();
 }
 
+impl frame_support::traits::InstanceFilter<RuntimeCall> for subtensor_runtime_common::ProxyType {
+    fn filter(&self, c: &RuntimeCall) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            subtensor_runtime_common::ProxyType::Any => true,
+            subtensor_runtime_common::ProxyType::Staking => matches!(
+                c,
+                RuntimeCall::SubtensorModule(pallet_subtensor::Call::add_stake { .. })
+                    | RuntimeCall::SubtensorModule(pallet_subtensor::Call::add_stake_limit { .. })
+                    | RuntimeCall::SubtensorModule(pallet_subtensor::Call::remove_stake { .. })
+                    | RuntimeCall::SubtensorModule(
+                        pallet_subtensor::Call::remove_stake_limit { .. }
+                    )
+                    | RuntimeCall::SubtensorModule(
+                        pallet_subtensor::Call::remove_stake_full_limit { .. }
+                    )
+                    | RuntimeCall::SubtensorModule(pallet_subtensor::Call::unstake_all { .. })
+                    | RuntimeCall::SubtensorModule(
+                        pallet_subtensor::Call::unstake_all_alpha { .. }
+                    )
+                    | RuntimeCall::SubtensorModule(pallet_subtensor::Call::swap_stake { .. })
+                    | RuntimeCall::SubtensorModule(pallet_subtensor::Call::swap_stake_limit { .. })
+                    | RuntimeCall::SubtensorModule(pallet_subtensor::Call::move_stake { .. })
+                    | RuntimeCall::SubtensorModule(pallet_subtensor::Call::transfer_stake { .. })
+            ),
+            _ => false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn is_superset(&self, o: &Self) -> bool {
+        match (self, o) {
+            (subtensor_runtime_common::ProxyType::Any, _) => true,
+            _ => self == o,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl pallet_proxy::Config for Test {
+    type RuntimeCall = RuntimeCall;
+    type Currency = Balances;
+    type ProxyType = subtensor_runtime_common::ProxyType;
+    type ProxyDepositBase = ProxyDepositBase;
+    type ProxyDepositFactor = ProxyDepositFactor;
+    type MaxProxies = MaxProxies;
+    type WeightInfo = ();
+    type MaxPending = MaxPending;
+    type CallHasher = BlakeTwo256;
+    type AnnouncementDepositBase = AnnouncementDepositBase;
+    type AnnouncementDepositFactor = AnnouncementDepositFactor;
+    type BlockNumberProvider = System;
+}
+
 pub struct NoNestingCallFilter;
 
 impl Contains<RuntimeCall> for NoNestingCallFilter {
@@ -200,6 +253,15 @@ parameter_types! {
     pub const ContractsUnstableInterface: bool = true;
 }
 
+parameter_types! {
+    pub const ProxyDepositBase: Balance = 1;
+    pub const ProxyDepositFactor: Balance = 1;
+    pub const MaxProxies: u32 = 32;
+    pub const MaxPending: u32 = 32;
+    pub const AnnouncementDepositBase: Balance = 1;
+    pub const AnnouncementDepositFactor: Balance = 1;
+}
+
 parameter_types! {
     pub const InitialMinAllowedWeights: u16 = 0;
     pub const InitialEmissionValue: u16 = 0;

From 07243495d09da4229128676a394eb6f6c0149265 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 18 Oct 2025 12:27:33 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 169/218] test(chain-extensions): add test for AddProxyV1

Add test verifying AddProxyV1 creates proxy relationship with correct
delegate, proxy type (Staking), and delay (0).
---
 chain-extensions/src/tests.rs | 34 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 34 insertions(+)

diff --git a/chain-extensions/src/tests.rs b/chain-extensions/src/tests.rs
index a59c4aa5a7..f3437f7ce5 100644
--- a/chain-extensions/src/tests.rs
+++ b/chain-extensions/src/tests.rs
@@ -659,6 +659,40 @@ fn unstake_all_alpha_success_moves_stake_to_root() {
     });
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn add_proxy_success_creates_proxy_relationship() {
+    mock::new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let delegator = U256::from(6001);
+        let delegate = U256::from(6002);
+
+        pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::add_balance_to_coldkey_account(
+            &delegator,
+            1_000_000_000,
+        );
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            pallet_subtensor_proxy::Proxies::<mock::Test>::get(delegator)
+                .0
+                .len(),
+            0
+        );
+
+        let mut env = MockEnv::new(FunctionId::AddProxyV1, delegator, delegate.encode());
+
+        let ret = SubtensorChainExtension::<mock::Test>::dispatch(&mut env).unwrap();
+        assert_success(ret);
+
+        let proxies = pallet_subtensor_proxy::Proxies::<mock::Test>::get(delegator).0;
+        assert_eq!(proxies.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(proxies[0].delegate, delegate);
+        assert_eq!(
+            proxies[0].proxy_type,
+            subtensor_runtime_common::ProxyType::Staking
+        );
+        assert_eq!(proxies[0].delay, 0u64);
+    });
+}
+
 impl MockEnv {
     fn new(func_id: FunctionId, caller: AccountId, input: Vec<u8>) -> Self {
         Self {

From 00dc850edf6346b20d9a917c5b685c67f59d5c38 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 18 Oct 2025 12:28:00 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 170/218] docs: add AddProxyV1 to chain extension documentation

Document AddProxyV1 function (ID 13) and associated error codes in
contracts documentation.
---
 docs/contracts.md | 5 ++++-
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/docs/contracts.md b/docs/contracts.md
index 5dd6ce45f5..28b6ce6e8a 100644
--- a/docs/contracts.md
+++ b/docs/contracts.md
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ Subtensor provides a custom chain extension that allows smart contracts to inter
 | 10 | `swap_stake_limit` | Swap stake between subnets with price limit | `(AccountId, NetUid, NetUid, AlphaCurrency, TaoCurrency, bool)` | Error code |
 | 11 | `remove_stake_full_limit` | Fully withdraw stake with optional price limit | `(AccountId, NetUid, Option<TaoCurrency>)` | Error code |
 | 12 | `set_coldkey_auto_stake_hotkey` | Configure automatic stake destination | `(NetUid, AccountId)` | Error code |
+| 13 | `add_proxy` | Add a staking proxy for the caller | `(AccountId)` | Error code |
 
 Example usage in your ink! contract:
 ```rust
@@ -72,6 +73,9 @@ Chain extension functions that modify state return error codes as `u32` values.
 | 13 | `AmountTooLow` | Transaction amount is below minimum threshold |
 | 14 | `InsufficientLiquidity` | Insufficient liquidity for swap operation |
 | 15 | `SameNetuid` | Source and destination subnets are the same |
+| 16 | `ProxyTooMany` | Too many proxies registered |
+| 17 | `ProxyDuplicate` | Proxy already exists |
+| 18 | `ProxyNoSelfProxy` | Cannot add self as proxy |
 
 ### Call Filter
 
@@ -79,7 +83,6 @@ For security, contracts can only dispatch a limited set of runtime calls:
 
 **Whitelisted Calls:**
 - `Proxy::proxy` - Execute proxy calls
-- `Proxy::add_proxy` - Add a proxy relationship
 
 All other runtime calls are restricted and cannot be dispatched from contracts.
 

From 61b55413ae1c3a9a319aea55615f03e45626176e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 18 Oct 2025 12:28:25 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 171/218] refactor(runtime): remove add_proxy from contract
 call filter

Remove add_proxy from whitelisted contract calls as it should be called
via chain extension instead of direct runtime call.
---
 runtime/src/lib.rs | 5 +----
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/runtime/src/lib.rs b/runtime/src/lib.rs
index 543a415b5c..3ca0674141 100644
--- a/runtime/src/lib.rs
+++ b/runtime/src/lib.rs
@@ -1491,10 +1491,7 @@ pub struct ContractCallFilter;
 impl Contains<RuntimeCall> for ContractCallFilter {
     fn contains(call: &RuntimeCall) -> bool {
         match call {
-            RuntimeCall::Proxy(inner) => matches!(
-                inner,
-                pallet_proxy::Call::proxy { .. } | pallet_proxy::Call::add_proxy { .. }
-            ),
+            RuntimeCall::Proxy(inner) => matches!(inner, pallet_proxy::Call::proxy { .. }),
             _ => false,
         }
     }

From 24e87c6522758a0e14534dad2be5a71afb342e76 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 18 Oct 2025 12:28:31 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 172/218] chore: update Cargo.lock

---
 Cargo.lock | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index ea4f9c18b0..f8e793a4ce 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -17970,6 +17970,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "pallet-preimage",
  "pallet-scheduler",
  "pallet-subtensor",
+ "pallet-subtensor-proxy",
  "pallet-subtensor-swap",
  "pallet-subtensor-utility",
  "pallet-timestamp",

From 73e9387fa0f32651b5e7d455f53bb3a5f11a27bf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 18 Oct 2025 12:40:00 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 173/218] feat(chain-extensions): add RemoveProxyV1 function ID
 and error code

Add FunctionId::RemoveProxyV1 (ID 14) and ProxyNotFound error code for
proxy removal failures.
---
 chain-extensions/src/types.rs | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/chain-extensions/src/types.rs b/chain-extensions/src/types.rs
index 9566247f54..7c0bfe4202 100644
--- a/chain-extensions/src/types.rs
+++ b/chain-extensions/src/types.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ pub enum FunctionId {
     RemoveStakeFullLimitV1 = 11,
     SetColdkeyAutoStakeHotkeyV1 = 12,
     AddProxyV1 = 13,
+    RemoveProxyV1 = 14,
 }
 
 #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Copy, Clone, Encode, Decode, Debug)]
@@ -62,6 +63,8 @@ pub enum Output {
     ProxyDuplicate = 17,
     /// Cannot add self as proxy
     ProxyNoSelfProxy = 18,
+    /// Proxy relationship not found
+    ProxyNotFound = 19,
 }
 
 impl From<DispatchError> for Output {
@@ -88,6 +91,7 @@ impl From<DispatchError> for Output {
             Some("TooMany") => Output::ProxyTooMany,
             Some("Duplicate") => Output::ProxyDuplicate,
             Some("NoSelfProxy") => Output::ProxyNoSelfProxy,
+            Some("NotFound") => Output::ProxyNotFound,
             _ => Output::RuntimeError,
         }
     }

From f919287a9d0311cd9eda8581dd65a6416a52c0aa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 18 Oct 2025 12:40:31 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 174/218] feat(chain-extensions): implement RemoveProxyV1 chain
 extension

Add RemoveProxyV1 handler that calls pallet_proxy::remove_proxy with
ProxyType::Staking and zero delay, matching add_proxy behavior.
---
 chain-extensions/src/lib.rs | 29 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 29 insertions(+)

diff --git a/chain-extensions/src/lib.rs b/chain-extensions/src/lib.rs
index d16f484db3..e53fac765f 100644
--- a/chain-extensions/src/lib.rs
+++ b/chain-extensions/src/lib.rs
@@ -469,6 +469,35 @@ where
                     0u32.into(),
                 );
 
+                match call_result {
+                    Ok(_) => Ok(RetVal::Converging(Output::Success as u32)),
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        let error_code = Output::from(e) as u32;
+                        Ok(RetVal::Converging(error_code))
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            FunctionId::RemoveProxyV1 => {
+                let weight = <T as pallet_proxy::Config>::WeightInfo::remove_proxy(
+                    <T as pallet_proxy::Config>::MaxProxies::get(),
+                );
+
+                env.charge_weight(weight)?;
+
+                let delegate: T::AccountId = env
+                    .read_as()
+                    .map_err(|_| DispatchError::Other("Failed to decode input parameters"))?;
+
+                let delegate_lookup =
+                    <<T as frame_system::Config>::Lookup as StaticLookup>::Source::from(delegate);
+
+                let call_result = pallet_proxy::Pallet::<T>::remove_proxy(
+                    RawOrigin::Signed(env.caller()).into(),
+                    delegate_lookup,
+                    ProxyType::Staking,
+                    0u32.into(),
+                );
+
                 match call_result {
                     Ok(_) => Ok(RetVal::Converging(Output::Success as u32)),
                     Err(e) => {

From 0a362f2eb1b0dec4648edbbb7164e9bef2f0d27a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 18 Oct 2025 12:41:16 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 175/218] test(chain-extensions): add test for RemoveProxyV1

Add test verifying RemoveProxyV1 successfully removes proxy relationship
after it was created with AddProxyV1.
---
 chain-extensions/src/tests.rs | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 27 insertions(+)

diff --git a/chain-extensions/src/tests.rs b/chain-extensions/src/tests.rs
index f3437f7ce5..f4c301388d 100644
--- a/chain-extensions/src/tests.rs
+++ b/chain-extensions/src/tests.rs
@@ -693,6 +693,33 @@ fn add_proxy_success_creates_proxy_relationship() {
     });
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn remove_proxy_success_removes_proxy_relationship() {
+    mock::new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let delegator = U256::from(7001);
+        let delegate = U256::from(7002);
+
+        pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<mock::Test>::add_balance_to_coldkey_account(
+            &delegator,
+            1_000_000_000,
+        );
+
+        let mut add_env = MockEnv::new(FunctionId::AddProxyV1, delegator, delegate.encode());
+        let ret = SubtensorChainExtension::<mock::Test>::dispatch(&mut add_env).unwrap();
+        assert_success(ret);
+
+        let proxies_before = pallet_subtensor_proxy::Proxies::<mock::Test>::get(delegator).0;
+        assert_eq!(proxies_before.len(), 1);
+
+        let mut remove_env = MockEnv::new(FunctionId::RemoveProxyV1, delegator, delegate.encode());
+        let ret = SubtensorChainExtension::<mock::Test>::dispatch(&mut remove_env).unwrap();
+        assert_success(ret);
+
+        let proxies_after = pallet_subtensor_proxy::Proxies::<mock::Test>::get(delegator).0;
+        assert_eq!(proxies_after.len(), 0);
+    });
+}
+
 impl MockEnv {
     fn new(func_id: FunctionId, caller: AccountId, input: Vec<u8>) -> Self {
         Self {

From 49b07bdfdb76332f69acfbda901d9091d0f10a0d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 18 Oct 2025 12:41:28 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 176/218] docs: add RemoveProxyV1 to chain extension
 documentation

Document RemoveProxyV1 function (ID 14) and ProxyNotFound error code.
---
 docs/contracts.md | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/docs/contracts.md b/docs/contracts.md
index 28b6ce6e8a..e0b4456cff 100644
--- a/docs/contracts.md
+++ b/docs/contracts.md
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ Subtensor provides a custom chain extension that allows smart contracts to inter
 | 11 | `remove_stake_full_limit` | Fully withdraw stake with optional price limit | `(AccountId, NetUid, Option<TaoCurrency>)` | Error code |
 | 12 | `set_coldkey_auto_stake_hotkey` | Configure automatic stake destination | `(NetUid, AccountId)` | Error code |
 | 13 | `add_proxy` | Add a staking proxy for the caller | `(AccountId)` | Error code |
+| 14 | `remove_proxy` | Remove a staking proxy for the caller | `(AccountId)` | Error code |
 
 Example usage in your ink! contract:
 ```rust
@@ -76,6 +77,7 @@ Chain extension functions that modify state return error codes as `u32` values.
 | 16 | `ProxyTooMany` | Too many proxies registered |
 | 17 | `ProxyDuplicate` | Proxy already exists |
 | 18 | `ProxyNoSelfProxy` | Cannot add self as proxy |
+| 19 | `ProxyNotFound` | Proxy relationship not found |
 
 ### Call Filter
 

From 29e99d757da4e6473e95bdd0d677c539220696a9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 20 Oct 2025 15:23:09 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 177/218] Introduce root claim threshold for subnets.

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/benchmarks.rs         | 19 ++++++
 pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs                | 10 ++-
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs  | 36 ++++++++++-
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/errors.rs      |  2 +
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs |  2 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs   | 68 +++++++++++++++++++--
 6 files changed, 127 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/benchmarks.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/benchmarks.rs
index d7b9e63abc..8378a82154 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/benchmarks.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/benchmarks.rs
@@ -1656,4 +1656,23 @@ mod pallet_benchmarks {
         #[extrinsic_call]
         _(RawOrigin::Root, 100);
     }
+
+    #[benchmark]
+    fn sudo_set_root_claim_threshold() {
+        let coldkey: T::AccountId = whitelisted_caller();
+        let hotkey: T::AccountId = account("A", 0, 1);
+
+        let netuid = Subtensor::<T>::get_next_netuid();
+
+        let lock_cost = Subtensor::<T>::get_network_lock_cost();
+        Subtensor::<T>::add_balance_to_coldkey_account(&coldkey, lock_cost.into());
+
+        assert_ok!(Subtensor::<T>::register_network(
+            RawOrigin::Signed(coldkey.clone()).into(),
+            hotkey.clone()
+        ));
+
+        #[extrinsic_call]
+        _(RawOrigin::Root, netuid, 100);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
index 87175c43ad..d1a0ef0828 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
@@ -58,6 +58,8 @@ pub const ALPHA_MAP_BATCH_SIZE: usize = 30;
 
 pub const MAX_NUM_ROOT_CLAIMS: u64 = 50;
 
+pub const MAX_ROOT_CLAIM_THRESHOLD: u64 = 10_000_000;
+
 #[allow(deprecated)]
 #[deny(missing_docs)]
 #[import_section(errors::errors)]
@@ -350,8 +352,8 @@ pub mod pallet {
     /// Default minimum root claim amount.
     /// This is the minimum amount of root claim that can be made.
     /// Any amount less than this will not be claimed.
-    pub fn DefaultMinRootClaimAmount<T: Config>() -> u64 {
-        500_000
+    pub fn DefaultMinRootClaimAmount<T: Config>() -> I96F32 {
+        500_000u64.into()
     }
 
     #[pallet::type_value]
@@ -1901,6 +1903,10 @@ pub mod pallet {
         ValueQuery,
     >;
 
+    #[pallet::storage] // --- MAP(netuid ) --> Root claim threshold
+    pub type RootClaimableThreshold<T: Config> =
+        StorageMap<_, Blake2_128Concat, NetUid, I96F32, ValueQuery, DefaultMinRootClaimAmount<T>>;
+
     #[pallet::storage] // --- MAP ( hot ) --> MAP(netuid ) --> claimable_dividends | Root claimable dividends.
     pub type RootClaimable<T: Config> = StorageMap<
         _,
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
index 9ebb9420cd..91e66f6760 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ mod dispatches {
     use sp_core::ecdsa::Signature;
     use sp_runtime::{Percent, traits::Saturating};
 
-    use crate::MAX_NUM_ROOT_CLAIMS;
-
     use crate::MAX_CRV3_COMMIT_SIZE_BYTES;
+    use crate::MAX_NUM_ROOT_CLAIMS;
+    use crate::MAX_ROOT_CLAIM_THRESHOLD;
     /// Dispatchable functions allow users to interact with the pallet and invoke state changes.
     /// These functions materialize as "extrinsics", which are often compared to transactions.
     /// Dispatchable functions must be annotated with a weight and must return a DispatchResult.
@@ -2484,5 +2484,37 @@ mod dispatches {
 
             Ok(())
         }
+
+        /// --- Sets the root claim type for the coldkey.
+        /// # Args:
+        /// * 'origin': (<T as frame_system::Config>Origin):
+        /// 	- The signature of the caller's coldkey.
+        ///
+        /// # Event:
+        /// * RootClaimTypeSet;
+        /// 	- On the successfully setting the root claim type for the coldkey.
+        ///
+        #[pallet::call_index(124)]
+        #[pallet::weight((
+            Weight::from_parts(4_000_000, 0).saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
+            DispatchClass::Operational,
+            Pays::Yes
+        ))]
+        pub fn sudo_set_root_claim_threshold(
+            origin: OriginFor<T>,
+            netuid: NetUid,
+            new_value: u64,
+        ) -> DispatchResult {
+            Self::ensure_subnet_owner_or_root(origin, netuid)?;
+
+            ensure!(
+                new_value <= I96F32::from(MAX_ROOT_CLAIM_THRESHOLD),
+                Error::<T>::InvalidRootClaimThreshold
+            );
+
+            RootClaimableThreshold::<T>::set(netuid, new_value.into());
+
+            Ok(())
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/errors.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/errors.rs
index bfc5b68375..f3102cc1ca 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/errors.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/errors.rs
@@ -266,5 +266,7 @@ mod errors {
         ChildParentInconsistency,
         /// Invalid number of root claims
         InvalidNumRootClaim,
+        /// Invalid value of root claim threshold
+        InvalidRootClaimThreshold,
     }
 }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
index 1171ae24a4..8209e23f8c 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         let owed: I96F32 = Self::get_root_owed_for_hotkey_coldkey_float(hotkey, coldkey, netuid);
 
         if !ignore_minimum_condition
-            && owed < I96F32::saturating_from_num(DefaultMinRootClaimAmount::<T>::get())
+            && owed < I96F32::saturating_from_num(RootClaimableThreshold::<T>::get(&netuid))
         {
             log::debug!(
                 "root claim on subnet {netuid} is skipped: {owed:?} for h={hotkey:?},c={coldkey:?} "
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
index d93419b05e..f1c1865ea5 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
@@ -4,14 +4,17 @@ use crate::tests::mock::{
     RuntimeOrigin, SubtensorModule, Test, add_dynamic_network, new_test_ext, run_to_block,
 };
 use crate::{
-    Error, MAX_NUM_ROOT_CLAIMS, NetworksAdded, NumRootClaim, NumStakingColdkeys,
-    PendingRootAlphaDivs, RootClaimable, StakingColdkeys, StakingColdkeysByIndex, SubnetAlphaIn,
-    SubnetMechanism, SubnetTAO, SubtokenEnabled, Tempo, pallet,
+    DefaultMinRootClaimAmount, Error, MAX_NUM_ROOT_CLAIMS, MAX_ROOT_CLAIM_THRESHOLD, NetworksAdded,
+    NumRootClaim, NumStakingColdkeys, PendingRootAlphaDivs, RootClaimable, RootClaimableThreshold,
+    StakingColdkeys, StakingColdkeysByIndex, SubnetAlphaIn, SubnetMechanism, SubnetTAO,
+    SubtokenEnabled, Tempo, pallet,
 };
 use crate::{RootClaimType, RootClaimTypeEnum, RootClaimed};
 use approx::assert_abs_diff_eq;
+use frame_support::dispatch::RawOrigin;
 use frame_support::pallet_prelude::Weight;
-use frame_support::{assert_noop, assert_ok};
+use frame_support::traits::Get;
+use frame_support::{assert_err, assert_noop, assert_ok};
 use sp_core::{H256, U256};
 use sp_runtime::DispatchError;
 use substrate_fixed::types::{I96F32, U96F32};
@@ -1297,6 +1300,61 @@ fn test_claim_root_on_network_deregistration() {
         assert!(!RootClaimed::<Test>::contains_key((
             &hotkey, &coldkey, netuid
         )));
-        assert!(!RootClaimable::<Test>::get(&hotkey).contains_key(&netuid));
+        assert!(!RootClaimable::<Test>::get(hotkey).contains_key(&netuid));
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_claim_root_threshold() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let owner_coldkey = U256::from(1001);
+        let hotkey = U256::from(1002);
+        let netuid = add_dynamic_network(&hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            RootClaimableThreshold::<Test>::get(netuid),
+            DefaultMinRootClaimAmount::<Test>::get()
+        );
+
+        let threshold = 1000u64;
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::sudo_set_root_claim_threshold(
+            RawOrigin::Root.into(),
+            netuid,
+            threshold
+        ));
+        assert_eq!(
+            RootClaimableThreshold::<Test>::get(netuid),
+            I96F32::from(threshold)
+        );
+
+        let threshold = 2000u64;
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::sudo_set_root_claim_threshold(
+            RawOrigin::Signed(owner_coldkey).into(),
+            netuid,
+            threshold
+        ));
+        assert_eq!(
+            RootClaimableThreshold::<Test>::get(netuid),
+            I96F32::from(threshold)
+        );
+
+        // Errors
+        assert_err!(
+            SubtensorModule::sudo_set_root_claim_threshold(
+                RawOrigin::Signed(hotkey).into(),
+                netuid,
+                threshold
+            ),
+            DispatchError::BadOrigin,
+        );
+
+        assert_err!(
+            SubtensorModule::sudo_set_root_claim_threshold(
+                RawOrigin::Signed(owner_coldkey).into(),
+                netuid,
+                MAX_ROOT_CLAIM_THRESHOLD + 1
+            ),
+            Error::<Test>::InvalidRootClaimThreshold,
+        );
     });
 }

From 05550dedc1d7804692b7bfc3ee63840c6c3b9c1b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 20 Oct 2025 17:43:27 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 178/218] fix: add num_enum/std feature propagation

---
 chain-extensions/Cargo.toml | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/chain-extensions/Cargo.toml b/chain-extensions/Cargo.toml
index 903c823671..ae69b94d4c 100644
--- a/chain-extensions/Cargo.toml
+++ b/chain-extensions/Cargo.toml
@@ -63,4 +63,5 @@ std = [
 	"pallet-subtensor-proxy/std",
 	"pallet-drand/std",
 	"subtensor-swap-interface/std",
+	"num_enum/std",
 ]

From 142842d398a2c5cc9a4f88c24ea2ad386e728743 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 20 Oct 2025 17:52:28 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 179/218] fix: remove InitialMaxWeightsLimit from
 chain-extensions mock

---
 chain-extensions/src/mock.rs | 2 --
 1 file changed, 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/chain-extensions/src/mock.rs b/chain-extensions/src/mock.rs
index 38521df620..98ea096199 100644
--- a/chain-extensions/src/mock.rs
+++ b/chain-extensions/src/mock.rs
@@ -265,7 +265,6 @@ parameter_types! {
 parameter_types! {
     pub const InitialMinAllowedWeights: u16 = 0;
     pub const InitialEmissionValue: u16 = 0;
-    pub const InitialMaxWeightsLimit: u16 = u16::MAX;
     pub BlockWeights: limits::BlockWeights = limits::BlockWeights::with_sensible_defaults(
         Weight::from_parts(2_000_000_000_000, u64::MAX),
         Perbill::from_percent(75),
@@ -349,7 +348,6 @@ impl pallet_subtensor::Config for Test {
     type Scheduler = Scheduler;
     type InitialMinAllowedWeights = InitialMinAllowedWeights;
     type InitialEmissionValue = InitialEmissionValue;
-    type InitialMaxWeightsLimit = InitialMaxWeightsLimit;
     type InitialTempo = InitialTempo;
     type InitialDifficulty = InitialDifficulty;
     type InitialAdjustmentInterval = InitialAdjustmentInterval;

From 17d0d482ac601da24069a40ee7de755b30d93d9f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Reed <87283488+JohnReedV@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 20 Oct 2025 10:13:23 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 180/218] migrate kappa to default

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/hooks.rs         |  4 +-
 .../migrate_kappa_map_to_default.rs           | 60 +++++++++++++++
 pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/mod.rs       |  1 +
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/migration.rs      | 77 +++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 141 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_kappa_map_to_default.rs

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/hooks.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/hooks.rs
index 20651f68fc..3e75035160 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/hooks.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/hooks.rs
@@ -153,7 +153,9 @@ mod hooks {
                 // Cleanup child/parent keys
                 .saturating_add(migrations::migrate_fix_childkeys::migrate_fix_childkeys::<T>())
                 // Migrate AutoStakeDestinationColdkeys
-                .saturating_add(migrations::migrate_auto_stake_destination::migrate_auto_stake_destination::<T>());
+                .saturating_add(migrations::migrate_auto_stake_destination::migrate_auto_stake_destination::<T>())
+                // Migrate Kappa to default (0.5)
+                .saturating_add(migrations::migrate_kappa_map_to_default::migrate_kappa_map_to_default::<T>());
             weight
         }
 
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_kappa_map_to_default.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_kappa_map_to_default.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1e379da7df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_kappa_map_to_default.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+use super::*;
+use frame_support::{storage::IterableStorageMap, traits::Get, weights::Weight};
+use log;
+use scale_info::prelude::string::String;
+
+pub fn migrate_kappa_map_to_default<T: Config>() -> Weight {
+    let mig_name: Vec<u8> = b"kappa_map_to_default".to_vec();
+
+    // 1 read for the HasMigrationRun flag
+    let mut total_weight = T::DbWeight::get().reads(1);
+
+    // Run once guard
+    if HasMigrationRun::<T>::get(&mig_name) {
+        log::info!(
+            "Migration '{}' already executed - skipping",
+            String::from_utf8_lossy(&mig_name)
+        );
+        return total_weight;
+    }
+
+    log::info!("Running migration '{}'", String::from_utf8_lossy(&mig_name));
+
+    let target: u16 = DefaultKappa::<T>::get();
+
+    let mut reads: u64 = 0;
+    let mut writes: u64 = 0;
+    let mut visited: u64 = 0;
+    let mut updated: u64 = 0;
+    let mut unchanged: u64 = 0;
+
+    for (netuid, current) in Kappa::<T>::iter() {
+        visited += 1;
+        reads += 1;
+
+        if current != target {
+            Kappa::<T>::insert(netuid, target);
+            writes += 1;
+            updated += 1;
+        } else {
+            unchanged += 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    total_weight = total_weight.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(reads, writes));
+
+    log::info!(
+        "Kappa migration summary: visited={visited}, updated={updated}, unchanged={unchanged}, target_default={}",
+        target
+    );
+
+    HasMigrationRun::<T>::insert(&mig_name, true);
+    total_weight = total_weight.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1));
+
+    log::info!(
+        "Migration '{}' completed",
+        String::from_utf8_lossy(&mig_name)
+    );
+
+    total_weight
+}
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/mod.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/mod.rs
index db0b290661..ca21f9bef2 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/mod.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/mod.rs
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ pub mod migrate_fix_root_subnet_tao;
 pub mod migrate_fix_root_tao_and_alpha_in;
 pub mod migrate_identities_v2;
 pub mod migrate_init_total_issuance;
+pub mod migrate_kappa_map_to_default;
 pub mod migrate_network_immunity_period;
 pub mod migrate_network_lock_cost_2500;
 pub mod migrate_network_lock_reduction_interval;
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/migration.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/migration.rs
index ede32aa06c..6e9544de6a 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/migration.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/migration.rs
@@ -2171,3 +2171,80 @@ fn test_migrate_network_lock_cost_2500_sets_price_and_decay() {
         );
     });
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn test_migrate_kappa_map_to_default() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        // ------------------------------
+        // 0. Constants / helpers
+        // ------------------------------
+        const MIG_NAME: &[u8] = b"kappa_map_to_default";
+
+        let default: u16 = DefaultKappa::<Test>::get();
+        let not_default: u16 = default.wrapping_add(1);
+
+        // Choose a few netuids to exercise both "changed" and "unchanged" paths
+        let n0: u16 = 0;
+        let n1: u16 = 1;
+        let n2: u16 = 42;
+
+        // ------------------------------
+        // 1. Pre-state: seed non-default & default entries
+        // ------------------------------
+        Kappa::<Test>::insert(n0, not_default); // will need update
+        Kappa::<Test>::insert(n1, default); // already default
+        Kappa::<Test>::insert(n2, not_default); // will need update
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            Kappa::<Test>::get(n0),
+            not_default,
+            "precondition failed: Kappa[n0] should be non-default before migration"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            Kappa::<Test>::get(n1),
+            default,
+            "precondition failed: Kappa[n1] should be default before migration"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            Kappa::<Test>::get(n2),
+            not_default,
+            "precondition failed: Kappa[n2] should be non-default before migration"
+        );
+
+        assert!(
+            !HasMigrationRun::<Test>::get(MIG_NAME.to_vec()),
+            "migration flag should be false before run"
+        );
+
+        // ------------------------------
+        // 2. Run migration
+        // ------------------------------
+        let w =
+            crate::migrations::migrate_kappa_map_to_default::migrate_kappa_map_to_default::<Test>();
+        assert!(!w.is_zero(), "weight must be non-zero");
+
+        // ------------------------------
+        // 3. Verify results
+        // ------------------------------
+        assert!(
+            HasMigrationRun::<Test>::get(MIG_NAME.to_vec()),
+            "migration flag not set"
+        );
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            Kappa::<Test>::get(n0),
+            default,
+            "Kappa[n0] should be reset to the configured default"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            Kappa::<Test>::get(n1),
+            default,
+            "Kappa[n1] should remain at the configured default"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            Kappa::<Test>::get(n2),
+            default,
+            "Kappa[n2] should be reset to the configured default"
+        );
+    });
+}

From feb736e55e3841d63a428bbff99a057587c41899 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Reed <87283488+JohnReedV@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 20 Oct 2025 10:52:13 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 181/218] fix test

---
 .../migrate_kappa_map_to_default.rs           |  2 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/migration.rs      | 27 +++++++++----------
 2 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_kappa_map_to_default.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_kappa_map_to_default.rs
index 1e379da7df..2de12acd0f 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_kappa_map_to_default.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_kappa_map_to_default.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use super::*;
-use frame_support::{storage::IterableStorageMap, traits::Get, weights::Weight};
+use frame_support::{traits::Get, weights::Weight};
 use log;
 use scale_info::prelude::string::String;
 
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/migration.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/migration.rs
index 6e9544de6a..f5c619bf65 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/migration.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/migration.rs
@@ -2183,30 +2183,29 @@ fn test_migrate_kappa_map_to_default() {
         let default: u16 = DefaultKappa::<Test>::get();
         let not_default: u16 = default.wrapping_add(1);
 
-        // Choose a few netuids to exercise both "changed" and "unchanged" paths
-        let n0: u16 = 0;
-        let n1: u16 = 1;
-        let n2: u16 = 42;
-
         // ------------------------------
         // 1. Pre-state: seed non-default & default entries
         // ------------------------------
-        Kappa::<Test>::insert(n0, not_default); // will need update
-        Kappa::<Test>::insert(n1, default); // already default
-        Kappa::<Test>::insert(n2, not_default); // will need update
+        let n0: NetUid = 0u16.into();
+        let n1: NetUid = 1u16.into();
+        let n2: NetUid = 42u16.into();
+
+        Kappa::<Test>::insert(&n0, not_default);
+        Kappa::<Test>::insert(&n1, default);
+        Kappa::<Test>::insert(&n2, not_default);
 
         assert_eq!(
-            Kappa::<Test>::get(n0),
+            Kappa::<Test>::get(&n0),
             not_default,
             "precondition failed: Kappa[n0] should be non-default before migration"
         );
         assert_eq!(
-            Kappa::<Test>::get(n1),
+            Kappa::<Test>::get(&n1),
             default,
             "precondition failed: Kappa[n1] should be default before migration"
         );
         assert_eq!(
-            Kappa::<Test>::get(n2),
+            Kappa::<Test>::get(&n2),
             not_default,
             "precondition failed: Kappa[n2] should be non-default before migration"
         );
@@ -2232,17 +2231,17 @@ fn test_migrate_kappa_map_to_default() {
         );
 
         assert_eq!(
-            Kappa::<Test>::get(n0),
+            Kappa::<Test>::get(&n0),
             default,
             "Kappa[n0] should be reset to the configured default"
         );
         assert_eq!(
-            Kappa::<Test>::get(n1),
+            Kappa::<Test>::get(&n1),
             default,
             "Kappa[n1] should remain at the configured default"
         );
         assert_eq!(
-            Kappa::<Test>::get(n2),
+            Kappa::<Test>::get(&n2),
             default,
             "Kappa[n2] should be reset to the configured default"
         );

From 6ca4b2401a1986ac47192ff4adb4e34fd7b20b1d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Reed <87283488+JohnReedV@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 20 Oct 2025 11:18:21 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 182/218] clippy

---
 .../migrate_kappa_map_to_default.rs           | 26 +++++++----------
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/migration.rs      | 28 +++++++++++--------
 2 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_kappa_map_to_default.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_kappa_map_to_default.rs
index 2de12acd0f..69b82cae0b 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_kappa_map_to_default.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_kappa_map_to_default.rs
@@ -5,20 +5,18 @@ use scale_info::prelude::string::String;
 
 pub fn migrate_kappa_map_to_default<T: Config>() -> Weight {
     let mig_name: Vec<u8> = b"kappa_map_to_default".to_vec();
+    let mig_name_str = String::from_utf8_lossy(&mig_name);
 
     // 1 read for the HasMigrationRun flag
     let mut total_weight = T::DbWeight::get().reads(1);
 
     // Run once guard
     if HasMigrationRun::<T>::get(&mig_name) {
-        log::info!(
-            "Migration '{}' already executed - skipping",
-            String::from_utf8_lossy(&mig_name)
-        );
+        log::info!("Migration '{mig_name_str}' already executed - skipping");
         return total_weight;
     }
 
-    log::info!("Running migration '{}'", String::from_utf8_lossy(&mig_name));
+    log::info!("Running migration '{mig_name_str}'");
 
     let target: u16 = DefaultKappa::<T>::get();
 
@@ -29,32 +27,28 @@ pub fn migrate_kappa_map_to_default<T: Config>() -> Weight {
     let mut unchanged: u64 = 0;
 
     for (netuid, current) in Kappa::<T>::iter() {
-        visited += 1;
-        reads += 1;
+        visited = visited.saturating_add(1);
+        reads = reads.saturating_add(1);
 
         if current != target {
             Kappa::<T>::insert(netuid, target);
-            writes += 1;
-            updated += 1;
+            writes = writes.saturating_add(1);
+            updated = updated.saturating_add(1);
         } else {
-            unchanged += 1;
+            unchanged = unchanged.saturating_add(1);
         }
     }
 
     total_weight = total_weight.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(reads, writes));
 
     log::info!(
-        "Kappa migration summary: visited={visited}, updated={updated}, unchanged={unchanged}, target_default={}",
-        target
+        "Kappa migration summary: visited={visited}, updated={updated}, unchanged={unchanged}, target_default={target}"
     );
 
     HasMigrationRun::<T>::insert(&mig_name, true);
     total_weight = total_weight.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1));
 
-    log::info!(
-        "Migration '{}' completed",
-        String::from_utf8_lossy(&mig_name)
-    );
+    log::info!("Migration '{mig_name_str}' completed");
 
     total_weight
 }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/migration.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/migration.rs
index f5c619bf65..fbf49f3ae5 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/migration.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/migration.rs
@@ -2179,33 +2179,37 @@ fn test_migrate_kappa_map_to_default() {
         // 0. Constants / helpers
         // ------------------------------
         const MIG_NAME: &[u8] = b"kappa_map_to_default";
-
         let default: u16 = DefaultKappa::<Test>::get();
-        let not_default: u16 = default.wrapping_add(1);
+
+        let not_default: u16 = if default == u16::MAX {
+            default.saturating_sub(1)
+        } else {
+            default.saturating_add(1)
+        };
 
         // ------------------------------
-        // 1. Pre-state: seed non-default & default entries
+        // 1. Pre-state: seed using the correct key type (NetUid)
         // ------------------------------
         let n0: NetUid = 0u16.into();
         let n1: NetUid = 1u16.into();
         let n2: NetUid = 42u16.into();
 
-        Kappa::<Test>::insert(&n0, not_default);
-        Kappa::<Test>::insert(&n1, default);
-        Kappa::<Test>::insert(&n2, not_default);
+        Kappa::<Test>::insert(n0, not_default);
+        Kappa::<Test>::insert(n1, default);
+        Kappa::<Test>::insert(n2, not_default);
 
         assert_eq!(
-            Kappa::<Test>::get(&n0),
+            Kappa::<Test>::get(n0),
             not_default,
             "precondition failed: Kappa[n0] should be non-default before migration"
         );
         assert_eq!(
-            Kappa::<Test>::get(&n1),
+            Kappa::<Test>::get(n1),
             default,
             "precondition failed: Kappa[n1] should be default before migration"
         );
         assert_eq!(
-            Kappa::<Test>::get(&n2),
+            Kappa::<Test>::get(n2),
             not_default,
             "precondition failed: Kappa[n2] should be non-default before migration"
         );
@@ -2231,17 +2235,17 @@ fn test_migrate_kappa_map_to_default() {
         );
 
         assert_eq!(
-            Kappa::<Test>::get(&n0),
+            Kappa::<Test>::get(n0),
             default,
             "Kappa[n0] should be reset to the configured default"
         );
         assert_eq!(
-            Kappa::<Test>::get(&n1),
+            Kappa::<Test>::get(n1),
             default,
             "Kappa[n1] should remain at the configured default"
         );
         assert_eq!(
-            Kappa::<Test>::get(&n2),
+            Kappa::<Test>::get(n2),
             default,
             "Kappa[n2] should be reset to the configured default"
         );

From 712d459477486f308bf18033a451c7a4a2bd8ac6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aliaksandr Tsurko <ales@opentensor.dev>
Date: Fri, 17 Oct 2025 21:05:44 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 183/218] Add migration for RateLimitKey

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs                  |   6 +
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/hooks.rs         |   2 +
 .../src/migrations/migrate_rate_limit_keys.rs | 239 ++++++++++++++++++
 pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/mod.rs       |   1 +
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/migration.rs      | 111 ++++++++
 5 files changed, 359 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_rate_limit_keys.rs

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
index c52c589ad6..c73ef19ca0 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
@@ -2295,16 +2295,22 @@ impl<T: Config + pallet_balances::Config<Balance = u64>>
 #[derive(Encode, Decode, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, TypeInfo)]
 pub enum RateLimitKey<AccountId> {
     // The setting sn owner hotkey operation is rate limited per netuid
+    #[codec(index = 0)]
     SetSNOwnerHotkey(NetUid),
     // Generic rate limit for subnet-owner hyperparameter updates (per netuid)
+    #[codec(index = 1)]
     OwnerHyperparamUpdate(NetUid, Hyperparameter),
     // Subnet registration rate limit
+    #[codec(index = 2)]
     NetworkLastRegistered,
     // Last tx block limit per account ID
+    #[codec(index = 3)]
     LastTxBlock(AccountId),
     // Last tx block child key limit per account ID
+    #[codec(index = 4)]
     LastTxBlockChildKeyTake(AccountId),
     // Last tx block delegate key limit per account ID
+    #[codec(index = 5)]
     LastTxBlockDelegateTake(AccountId),
 }
 
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/hooks.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/hooks.rs
index 20651f68fc..ddde143cf9 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/hooks.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/hooks.rs
@@ -138,6 +138,8 @@ mod hooks {
                 .saturating_add(migrations::migrate_fix_root_tao_and_alpha_in::migrate_fix_root_tao_and_alpha_in::<T>())
                 // Migrate last block rate limiting storage items
                 .saturating_add(migrations::migrate_rate_limiting_last_blocks::migrate_obsolete_rate_limiting_last_blocks_storage::<T>())
+                // Re-encode rate limit keys after introducing OwnerHyperparamUpdate variant
+                .saturating_add(migrations::migrate_rate_limit_keys::migrate_rate_limit_keys::<T>())
                 // Migrate remove network modality
                 .saturating_add(migrations::migrate_remove_network_modality::migrate_remove_network_modality::<T>())
                 // Migrate Immunity Period
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_rate_limit_keys.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_rate_limit_keys.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6789b6db10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_rate_limit_keys.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+use alloc::string::String;
+use codec::{Decode, Encode};
+use frame_support::traits::Get;
+use frame_support::weights::Weight;
+use sp_io::hashing::twox_128;
+use sp_io::storage;
+use sp_std::{collections::btree_set::BTreeSet, vec::Vec};
+use subtensor_runtime_common::NetUid;
+
+use crate::{
+    ChildKeys, Config, Delegates, HasMigrationRun, LastRateLimitedBlock, ParentKeys,
+    PendingChildKeys, RateLimitKey,
+};
+
+const MIGRATION_NAME: &[u8] = b"migrate_rate_limit_keys";
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+#[derive(Decode)]
+enum RateLimitKeyV0<AccountId> {
+    SetSNOwnerHotkey(NetUid),
+    NetworkLastRegistered,
+    LastTxBlock(AccountId),
+    LastTxBlockChildKeyTake(AccountId),
+    LastTxBlockDelegateTake(AccountId),
+}
+
+pub fn migrate_rate_limit_keys<T: Config>() -> Weight
+where
+    T::AccountId: Ord + Clone,
+{
+    let mut weight = T::DbWeight::get().reads(1);
+
+    if HasMigrationRun::<T>::get(MIGRATION_NAME) {
+        log::info!(
+            "Migration '{}' already executed - skipping",
+            String::from_utf8_lossy(MIGRATION_NAME)
+        );
+        return weight;
+    }
+
+    log::info!(
+        "Running migration '{}'",
+        String::from_utf8_lossy(MIGRATION_NAME)
+    );
+
+    let (child_accounts, child_weight) = collect_child_related_accounts::<T>();
+    let (delegate_accounts, delegate_weight) = collect_delegate_accounts::<T>();
+    weight = weight.saturating_add(child_weight);
+    weight = weight.saturating_add(delegate_weight);
+
+    let prefix = storage_prefix("SubtensorModule", "LastRateLimitedBlock");
+    let mut cursor = prefix.clone();
+    let mut entries = Vec::new();
+
+    while let Some(next_key) = storage::next_key(&cursor) {
+        if !next_key.starts_with(&prefix) {
+            break;
+        }
+        if let Some(value) = storage::get(&next_key) {
+            entries.push((next_key.clone(), value));
+        }
+        cursor = next_key;
+    }
+
+    weight = weight.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(entries.len() as u64));
+
+    let mut migrated_network = 0u64;
+    let mut migrated_last_tx = 0u64;
+    let mut migrated_child_take = 0u64;
+    let mut migrated_delegate_take = 0u64;
+
+    for (old_storage_key, value_bytes) in entries {
+        if value_bytes.is_empty() {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        let encoded_key = &old_storage_key[prefix.len()..];
+        if encoded_key.is_empty() {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        let Some(decoded_legacy) = decode_legacy::<T>(&encoded_key) else {
+            // Unknown entry – skip to avoid clobbering valid data.
+            continue;
+        };
+
+        let legacy_value = match decode_value(&value_bytes) {
+            Some(v) => v,
+            None => continue,
+        };
+
+        let Some(modern_key) =
+            legacy_to_modern(decoded_legacy, &child_accounts, &delegate_accounts)
+        else {
+            continue;
+        };
+        let new_storage_key = LastRateLimitedBlock::<T>::hashed_key_for(&modern_key);
+        weight = weight.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(1));
+
+        let merged_value = storage::get(&new_storage_key)
+            .and_then(|data| decode_value(&data))
+            .map_or(legacy_value, |current| {
+                core::cmp::max(current, legacy_value)
+            });
+
+        storage::set(&new_storage_key, &merged_value.encode());
+        if new_storage_key != old_storage_key {
+            storage::clear(&old_storage_key);
+            weight = weight.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1));
+        }
+
+        weight = weight.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1));
+        match &modern_key {
+            RateLimitKey::NetworkLastRegistered => {
+                migrated_network = migrated_network.saturating_add(1);
+            }
+            RateLimitKey::LastTxBlock(_) => {
+                migrated_last_tx = migrated_last_tx.saturating_add(1);
+            }
+            RateLimitKey::LastTxBlockChildKeyTake(_) => {
+                migrated_child_take = migrated_child_take.saturating_add(1);
+            }
+            RateLimitKey::LastTxBlockDelegateTake(_) => {
+                migrated_delegate_take = migrated_delegate_take.saturating_add(1);
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+
+    HasMigrationRun::<T>::insert(MIGRATION_NAME, true);
+    weight = weight.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1));
+
+    log::info!(
+        "Migration '{}' completed. network={}, last_tx={}, child_take={}, delegate_take={}",
+        String::from_utf8_lossy(MIGRATION_NAME),
+        migrated_network,
+        migrated_last_tx,
+        migrated_child_take,
+        migrated_delegate_take
+    );
+
+    weight
+}
+
+fn storage_prefix(pallet: &str, storage: &str) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let pallet_hash = twox_128(pallet.as_bytes());
+    let storage_hash = twox_128(storage.as_bytes());
+    [pallet_hash, storage_hash].concat()
+}
+
+fn decode_legacy<T: Config>(bytes: &[u8]) -> Option<RateLimitKeyV0<T::AccountId>> {
+    let mut slice = bytes;
+    let decoded = RateLimitKeyV0::<T::AccountId>::decode(&mut slice).ok()?;
+    if slice.is_empty() {
+        Some(decoded)
+    } else {
+        None
+    }
+}
+
+fn decode_value(bytes: &[u8]) -> Option<u64> {
+    let mut slice = bytes;
+    u64::decode(&mut slice).ok()
+}
+
+fn legacy_to_modern<AccountId: Ord + Clone>(
+    legacy: RateLimitKeyV0<AccountId>,
+    child_accounts: &BTreeSet<AccountId>,
+    delegate_accounts: &BTreeSet<AccountId>,
+) -> Option<RateLimitKey<AccountId>> {
+    match legacy {
+        RateLimitKeyV0::SetSNOwnerHotkey(_) => None,
+        RateLimitKeyV0::NetworkLastRegistered => Some(RateLimitKey::NetworkLastRegistered),
+        RateLimitKeyV0::LastTxBlock(account) => Some(RateLimitKey::LastTxBlock(account)),
+        RateLimitKeyV0::LastTxBlockChildKeyTake(account) => {
+            if child_accounts.contains(&account) {
+                Some(RateLimitKey::LastTxBlockChildKeyTake(account))
+            } else {
+                None
+            }
+        }
+        RateLimitKeyV0::LastTxBlockDelegateTake(account) => {
+            if delegate_accounts.contains(&account) {
+                Some(RateLimitKey::LastTxBlockDelegateTake(account))
+            } else {
+                None
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn collect_child_related_accounts<T: Config>() -> (BTreeSet<T::AccountId>, Weight)
+where
+    T::AccountId: Ord + Clone,
+{
+    let mut accounts = BTreeSet::new();
+    let mut reads = 0u64;
+
+    for (parent, _, children) in ChildKeys::<T>::iter() {
+        accounts.insert(parent.clone());
+        for (_, child) in children {
+            accounts.insert(child.clone());
+        }
+        reads = reads.saturating_add(1);
+    }
+
+    for (_, parent, (children, _)) in PendingChildKeys::<T>::iter() {
+        accounts.insert(parent.clone());
+        for (_, child) in children {
+            accounts.insert(child.clone());
+        }
+        reads = reads.saturating_add(1);
+    }
+
+    for (child, _, parents) in ParentKeys::<T>::iter() {
+        accounts.insert(child.clone());
+        for (_, parent) in parents {
+            accounts.insert(parent.clone());
+        }
+        reads = reads.saturating_add(1);
+    }
+
+    (accounts, T::DbWeight::get().reads(reads))
+}
+
+fn collect_delegate_accounts<T: Config>() -> (BTreeSet<T::AccountId>, Weight)
+where
+    T::AccountId: Ord + Clone,
+{
+    let mut accounts = BTreeSet::new();
+    let mut reads = 0u64;
+
+    for (account, _) in Delegates::<T>::iter() {
+        accounts.insert(account.clone());
+        reads = reads.saturating_add(1);
+    }
+
+    (accounts, T::DbWeight::get().reads(reads))
+}
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/mod.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/mod.rs
index e92b86aa29..57a993f2ff 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/mod.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/mod.rs
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ pub mod migrate_network_lock_reduction_interval;
 pub mod migrate_orphaned_storage_items;
 pub mod migrate_populate_owned_hotkeys;
 pub mod migrate_rao;
+pub mod migrate_rate_limit_keys;
 pub mod migrate_rate_limiting_last_blocks;
 pub mod migrate_remove_commitments_rate_limit;
 pub mod migrate_remove_network_modality;
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/migration.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/migration.rs
index ede32aa06c..53ac3409d7 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/migration.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/migration.rs
@@ -1027,6 +1027,117 @@ fn test_migrate_last_tx_block_delegate_take() {
     });
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn test_migrate_rate_limit_keys() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        const MIGRATION_NAME: &[u8] = b"migrate_rate_limit_keys";
+        let prefix = {
+            let pallet_prefix = twox_128("SubtensorModule".as_bytes());
+            let storage_prefix = twox_128("LastRateLimitedBlock".as_bytes());
+            [pallet_prefix, storage_prefix].concat()
+        };
+
+        // Seed new-format entries that must survive the migration untouched.
+        let new_last_account = U256::from(10);
+        SubtensorModule::set_last_tx_block(&new_last_account, 555);
+        let new_child_account = U256::from(11);
+        SubtensorModule::set_last_tx_block_childkey(&new_child_account, 777);
+        let new_delegate_account = U256::from(12);
+        SubtensorModule::set_last_tx_block_delegate_take(&new_delegate_account, 888);
+
+        // Legacy NetworkLastRegistered entry (index 1)
+        let mut legacy_network_key = prefix.clone();
+        legacy_network_key.push(1u8);
+        sp_io::storage::set(&legacy_network_key, &111u64.encode());
+
+        // Legacy LastTxBlock entry (index 2) for an account that already has a new-format value.
+        let mut legacy_last_key = prefix.clone();
+        legacy_last_key.push(2u8);
+        legacy_last_key.extend_from_slice(&new_last_account.encode());
+        sp_io::storage::set(&legacy_last_key, &666u64.encode());
+
+        // Legacy LastTxBlockChildKeyTake entry (index 3)
+        let legacy_child_account = U256::from(3);
+        ChildKeys::<Test>::insert(
+            legacy_child_account,
+            NetUid::from(0),
+            vec![(0u64, U256::from(99))],
+        );
+        let mut legacy_child_key = prefix.clone();
+        legacy_child_key.push(3u8);
+        legacy_child_key.extend_from_slice(&legacy_child_account.encode());
+        sp_io::storage::set(&legacy_child_key, &333u64.encode());
+
+        // Legacy LastTxBlockDelegateTake entry (index 4)
+        let legacy_delegate_account = U256::from(4);
+        Delegates::<Test>::insert(legacy_delegate_account, 500u16);
+        let mut legacy_delegate_key = prefix.clone();
+        legacy_delegate_key.push(4u8);
+        legacy_delegate_key.extend_from_slice(&legacy_delegate_account.encode());
+        sp_io::storage::set(&legacy_delegate_key, &444u64.encode());
+
+        let weight = crate::migrations::migrate_rate_limit_keys::migrate_rate_limit_keys::<Test>();
+        assert!(
+            HasMigrationRun::<Test>::get(MIGRATION_NAME.to_vec()),
+            "Migration should be marked as executed"
+        );
+        assert!(!weight.is_zero(), "Migration weight should be non-zero");
+
+        // Legacy entries were migrated and cleared.
+        assert_eq!(
+            SubtensorModule::get_network_last_lock_block(),
+            111u64,
+            "Network last lock block should match migrated value"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            sp_io::storage::get(&legacy_network_key).is_none(),
+            "Legacy network entry should be cleared"
+        );
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            SubtensorModule::get_last_tx_block(&new_last_account),
+            666u64,
+            "LastTxBlock should reflect the merged legacy value"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            sp_io::storage::get(&legacy_last_key).is_none(),
+            "Legacy LastTxBlock entry should be cleared"
+        );
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            SubtensorModule::get_last_tx_block_childkey_take(&legacy_child_account),
+            333u64,
+            "Child key take block should be migrated"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            sp_io::storage::get(&legacy_child_key).is_none(),
+            "Legacy child take entry should be cleared"
+        );
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            SubtensorModule::get_last_tx_block_delegate_take(&legacy_delegate_account),
+            444u64,
+            "Delegate take block should be migrated"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            sp_io::storage::get(&legacy_delegate_key).is_none(),
+            "Legacy delegate take entry should be cleared"
+        );
+
+        // New-format entries remain untouched.
+        assert_eq!(
+            SubtensorModule::get_last_tx_block_childkey_take(&new_child_account),
+            777u64,
+            "Existing child take entry should be preserved"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            SubtensorModule::get_last_tx_block_delegate_take(&new_delegate_account),
+            888u64,
+            "Existing delegate take entry should be preserved"
+        );
+    });
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn test_migrate_fix_root_subnet_tao() {
     new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {

From 5477ccbeb3ef29ef01e51bd87dc1e097ca153c72 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aliaksandr Tsurko <ales@opentensor.dev>
Date: Mon, 20 Oct 2025 22:54:38 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 184/218] Fix lints

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_rate_limit_keys.rs | 6 ++++--
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_rate_limit_keys.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_rate_limit_keys.rs
index 6789b6db10..e6e331fb63 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_rate_limit_keys.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_rate_limit_keys.rs
@@ -74,12 +74,14 @@ where
             continue;
         }
 
-        let encoded_key = &old_storage_key[prefix.len()..];
+        let Some(encoded_key) = old_storage_key.get(prefix.len()..) else {
+            continue;
+        };
         if encoded_key.is_empty() {
             continue;
         }
 
-        let Some(decoded_legacy) = decode_legacy::<T>(&encoded_key) else {
+        let Some(decoded_legacy) = decode_legacy::<T>(encoded_key) else {
             // Unknown entry – skip to avoid clobbering valid data.
             continue;
         };

From 08be1e5906490f11c1f25bd142e82c99dc892512 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: open-junius <zhou@opentensor.dev>
Date: Wed, 22 Oct 2025 14:57:42 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 185/218] disable set kappa test

---
 .../subnet.precompile.hyperparameter.test.ts  | 29 ++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/evm-tests/test/subnet.precompile.hyperparameter.test.ts b/evm-tests/test/subnet.precompile.hyperparameter.test.ts
index ebb3bb4598..87968b6e9f 100644
--- a/evm-tests/test/subnet.precompile.hyperparameter.test.ts
+++ b/evm-tests/test/subnet.precompile.hyperparameter.test.ts
@@ -263,26 +263,27 @@ describe("Test the Subnet precompile contract", () => {
         assert.equal(valueFromContract, onchainValue);
     })
 
-    it("Can set kappa parameter", async () => {
+    // disable the set kappa parameter test, because it is only callable by sudo now
+    // it("Can set kappa parameter", async () => {
 
-        const totalNetwork = await api.query.SubtensorModule.TotalNetworks.getValue()
-        const contract = new ethers.Contract(ISUBNET_ADDRESS, ISubnetABI, wallet);
-        const netuid = totalNetwork - 1;
+    //     const totalNetwork = await api.query.SubtensorModule.TotalNetworks.getValue()
+    //     const contract = new ethers.Contract(ISUBNET_ADDRESS, ISubnetABI, wallet);
+    //     const netuid = totalNetwork - 1;
 
-        const newValue = 109;
-        const tx = await contract.setKappa(netuid, newValue);
-        await tx.wait();
+    //     const newValue = 109;
+    //     const tx = await contract.setKappa(netuid, newValue);
+    //     await tx.wait();
 
-        let onchainValue = await api.query.SubtensorModule.Kappa.getValue(netuid)
+    //     let onchainValue = await api.query.SubtensorModule.Kappa.getValue(netuid)
 
 
-        let valueFromContract = Number(
-            await contract.getKappa(netuid)
-        );
+    //     let valueFromContract = Number(
+    //         await contract.getKappa(netuid)
+    //     );
 
-        assert.equal(valueFromContract, newValue)
-        assert.equal(valueFromContract, onchainValue);
-    })
+    //     assert.equal(valueFromContract, newValue)
+    //     assert.equal(valueFromContract, onchainValue);
+    // })
 
     it("Can set rho parameter", async () => {
 

From 045ae841919bce7e1e130bab4100924ab488ff7e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: open-junius <zhou@opentensor.dev>
Date: Wed, 22 Oct 2025 15:00:07 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 186/218] bump version

---
 runtime/src/lib.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/runtime/src/lib.rs b/runtime/src/lib.rs
index b19b7ddf6f..286c3312b6 100644
--- a/runtime/src/lib.rs
+++ b/runtime/src/lib.rs
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ pub const VERSION: RuntimeVersion = RuntimeVersion {
     //   `spec_version`, and `authoring_version` are the same between Wasm and native.
     // This value is set to 100 to notify Polkadot-JS App (https://polkadot.js.org/apps) to use
     //   the compatible custom types.
-    spec_version: 330,
+    spec_version: 331,
     impl_version: 1,
     apis: RUNTIME_API_VERSIONS,
     transaction_version: 1,

From fb17282dd257d1dc21cb9b0dc462fcdc21fca917 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 23 Oct 2025 14:25:20 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 187/218] Fix benchmarks

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/benchmarks.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/benchmarks.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/benchmarks.rs
index bbd08dec8e..550b4a68b5 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/benchmarks.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/benchmarks.rs
@@ -1642,7 +1642,7 @@ mod pallet_benchmarks {
     #[benchmark]
     fn sudo_set_num_root_claims() {
         #[extrinsic_call]
-        _(RawOrigin::Root, 100);
+        _(RawOrigin::Root, 40);
     }
 
     #[benchmark]

From 534e578729061023352d052dfd289241b57873d0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 23 Oct 2025 16:26:19 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 188/218] Fix incorrect extrinsic class.

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
index fd63d5bdf1..112c81ecf6 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
@@ -1584,7 +1584,7 @@ mod dispatches {
         #[pallet::call_index(84)]
         #[pallet::weight((Weight::from_parts(358_500_000, 0)
         .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(36_u64))
-        .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(21_u64)), DispatchClass::Operational, Pays::Yes))]
+        .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(21_u64)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::Yes))]
         pub fn unstake_all_alpha(origin: OriginFor<T>, hotkey: T::AccountId) -> DispatchResult {
             Self::do_unstake_all_alpha(origin, hotkey)
         }

From 2beefc144224c5263bb1d7709f0d932d8d09ba18 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 23 Oct 2025 16:24:42 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 189/218] fix clippy issue

---
 chain-extensions/src/tests.rs | 16 ++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/chain-extensions/src/tests.rs b/chain-extensions/src/tests.rs
index f4c301388d..378fa084a1 100644
--- a/chain-extensions/src/tests.rs
+++ b/chain-extensions/src/tests.rs
@@ -684,12 +684,16 @@ fn add_proxy_success_creates_proxy_relationship() {
 
         let proxies = pallet_subtensor_proxy::Proxies::<mock::Test>::get(delegator).0;
         assert_eq!(proxies.len(), 1);
-        assert_eq!(proxies[0].delegate, delegate);
-        assert_eq!(
-            proxies[0].proxy_type,
-            subtensor_runtime_common::ProxyType::Staking
-        );
-        assert_eq!(proxies[0].delay, 0u64);
+        if let Some(proxy) = proxies.first() {
+            assert_eq!(proxy.delegate, delegate);
+            assert_eq!(
+                proxy.proxy_type,
+                subtensor_runtime_common::ProxyType::Staking
+            );
+            assert_eq!(proxy.delay, 0u64);
+        } else {
+            panic!("proxies should contain one element");
+        }
     });
 }
 

From 55f30b2e480766ad42a641e30d597e70968a95b0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" <github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 23 Oct 2025 15:15:22 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 190/218] auto-update benchmark weights

---
 pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs             |  2 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs | 20 ++++++++++----------
 2 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs b/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
index b2fec3602f..f7d59f6bd3 100644
--- a/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
@@ -1951,7 +1951,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
         /// Only callable by root.
         #[pallet::call_index(74)]
         #[pallet::weight((
-			Weight::from_parts(9_418_000, 0)
+			Weight::from_parts(5_510_000, 0)
 				.saturating_add(<T as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().reads(0_u64))
 				.saturating_add(<T as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
 			DispatchClass::Operational
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
index 3871502add..0d6dba817b 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ mod dispatches {
         /// 	- Attempting to set weights with max value exceeding limit.
         #[pallet::call_index(0)]
         #[pallet::weight((Weight::from_parts(15_540_000_000, 0)
-        .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(4112_u64))
+        .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(4111_u64))
         .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(2)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::No))]
         pub fn set_weights(
             origin: OriginFor<T>,
@@ -1053,8 +1053,8 @@ mod dispatches {
         /// The extrinsic for user to change its hotkey in subnet or all subnets.
         #[pallet::call_index(70)]
         #[pallet::weight((Weight::from_parts(275_300_000, 0)
-        .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(52_u64))
-        .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(37)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::No))]
+        .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(50_u64))
+        .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(35_u64)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::No))]
         pub fn swap_hotkey(
             origin: OriginFor<T>,
             hotkey: T::AccountId,
@@ -1229,7 +1229,7 @@ mod dispatches {
         #[pallet::call_index(59)]
         #[pallet::weight((Weight::from_parts(235_400_000, 0)
 		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(39_u64))
-		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(57_u64)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::Yes))]
+		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(56_u64)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::Yes))]
         pub fn register_network(origin: OriginFor<T>, hotkey: T::AccountId) -> DispatchResult {
             Self::do_register_network(origin, &hotkey, 1, None)
         }
@@ -1516,7 +1516,7 @@ mod dispatches {
         #[pallet::call_index(79)]
         #[pallet::weight((Weight::from_parts(234_200_000, 0)
             .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(38_u64))
-            .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(56_u64)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::Yes))]
+            .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(55_u64)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::Yes))]
         pub fn register_network_with_identity(
             origin: OriginFor<T>,
             hotkey: T::AccountId,
@@ -1585,8 +1585,8 @@ mod dispatches {
         ///     - Thrown if key has hit transaction rate limit
         #[pallet::call_index(84)]
         #[pallet::weight((Weight::from_parts(358_500_000, 0)
-        .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(36_u64))
-        .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(21_u64)), DispatchClass::Operational, Pays::Yes))]
+        .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(39_u64))
+        .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(24_u64)), DispatchClass::Operational, Pays::Yes))]
         pub fn unstake_all_alpha(origin: OriginFor<T>, hotkey: T::AccountId) -> DispatchResult {
             Self::do_unstake_all_alpha(origin, hotkey)
         }
@@ -2326,7 +2326,7 @@ mod dispatches {
         #[pallet::call_index(121)]
         #[pallet::weight((
             Weight::from_parts(117_000_000, 7767)
-                .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(11_u64))
+                .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(12_u64))
                 .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(4_u64)),
             DispatchClass::Normal,
             Pays::Yes
@@ -2351,7 +2351,7 @@ mod dispatches {
         ///
         #[pallet::call_index(122)]
         #[pallet::weight((
-            Weight::from_parts(6_000_000, 0).saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
+            Weight::from_parts(19_420_000, 0).saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(4_u64)),
             DispatchClass::Normal,
             Pays::Yes
         ))]
@@ -2406,7 +2406,7 @@ mod dispatches {
         ///
         #[pallet::call_index(124)]
         #[pallet::weight((
-            Weight::from_parts(4_000_000, 0).saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
+            Weight::from_parts(5_711_000, 0).saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
             DispatchClass::Operational,
             Pays::Yes
         ))]

From 1b392d594c96bc4c260c631c9aabe28c24610bbf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Greg Zaitsev <gregz@opentensor.dev>
Date: Thu, 23 Oct 2025 17:26:49 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 191/218] Implement emissions based on tao flow

---
 pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs                |  69 ++-
 .../src/coinbase/subnet_emissions.rs          | 270 ++++++++-
 pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs                  |  48 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs    |   2 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/hooks.rs         |   4 +-
 .../migrate_set_first_tao_flow_block.rs       |  38 ++
 pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/mod.rs       |   1 +
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/stake_utils.rs  |   6 +
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs       | 263 ++++++--
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mod.rs            |   1 +
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/staking.rs        |  71 +++
 .../subtensor/src/tests/subnet_emissions.rs   | 562 ++++++++++++++++++
 pallets/subtensor/src/utils/misc.rs           |  17 +-
 13 files changed, 1271 insertions(+), 81 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_set_first_tao_flow_block.rs
 create mode 100644 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/subnet_emissions.rs

diff --git a/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs b/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
index b2fec3602f..037bd637a2 100644
--- a/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
         utils::rate_limiting::{Hyperparameter, TransactionType},
     };
     use sp_runtime::BoundedVec;
-    use substrate_fixed::types::I96F32;
+    use substrate_fixed::types::{I96F32, U64F64};
     use subtensor_runtime_common::{MechId, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
 
     /// The main data structure of the module.
@@ -115,6 +115,8 @@ pub mod pallet {
         MaxAllowedUidsLessThanMinAllowedUids,
         /// The maximum allowed UIDs must be less than the default maximum allowed UIDs.
         MaxAllowedUidsGreaterThanDefaultMaxAllowedUids,
+        /// Bad parameter value
+        InvalidValue,
     }
     /// Enum for specifying the type of precompile operation.
     #[derive(
@@ -2097,6 +2099,71 @@ pub mod pallet {
             );
             Ok(())
         }
+
+        /// Sets TAO flow cutoff value (A)
+        #[pallet::call_index(81)]
+        #[pallet::weight((
+			Weight::from_parts(7_343_000, 0)
+                .saturating_add(<T as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().reads(0))
+				.saturating_add(<T as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().writes(1)),
+			DispatchClass::Operational,
+			Pays::Yes
+		))]
+        pub fn sudo_set_tao_flow_cutoff(
+            origin: OriginFor<T>,
+            flow_cutoff: TaoCurrency,
+        ) -> DispatchResult {
+            ensure_root(origin)?;
+            pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::set_tao_flow_cutoff(flow_cutoff);
+            log::debug!("set_tao_flow_cutoff( {flow_cutoff:?} ) ");
+            Ok(())
+        }
+
+        /// Sets TAO flow normalization exponent (p)
+        #[pallet::call_index(82)]
+        #[pallet::weight((
+			Weight::from_parts(7_343_000, 0)
+                .saturating_add(<T as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().reads(0))
+				.saturating_add(<T as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().writes(1)),
+			DispatchClass::Operational,
+			Pays::Yes
+		))]
+        pub fn sudo_set_tao_flow_normalization_exponent(
+            origin: OriginFor<T>,
+            exponent: U64F64,
+        ) -> DispatchResult {
+            ensure_root(origin)?;
+
+            let one = U64F64::saturating_from_num(1);
+            let two = U64F64::saturating_from_num(2);
+            ensure!(
+                (one <= exponent) && (exponent <= two),
+                Error::<T>::InvalidValue
+            );
+
+            pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::set_tao_flow_normalization_exponent(exponent);
+            log::debug!("set_tao_flow_normalization_exponent( {exponent:?} ) ");
+            Ok(())
+        }
+
+        /// Sets TAO flow smoothing factor (alpha)
+        #[pallet::call_index(83)]
+        #[pallet::weight((
+			Weight::from_parts(7_343_000, 0)
+                .saturating_add(<T as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().reads(0))
+				.saturating_add(<T as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().writes(1)),
+			DispatchClass::Operational,
+			Pays::Yes
+		))]
+        pub fn sudo_set_tao_flow_smoothing_factor(
+            origin: OriginFor<T>,
+            smoothing_factor: u64,
+        ) -> DispatchResult {
+            ensure_root(origin)?;
+            pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::set_tao_flow_smoothing_factor(smoothing_factor);
+            log::debug!("set_tao_flow_smoothing_factor( {smoothing_factor:?} ) ");
+            Ok(())
+        }
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/subnet_emissions.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/subnet_emissions.rs
index 4dac3347e6..a179f62e8f 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/subnet_emissions.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/subnet_emissions.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 use super::*;
 use crate::alloc::borrow::ToOwned;
 use alloc::collections::BTreeMap;
-use substrate_fixed::types::U96F32;
+use safe_math::FixedExt;
+use substrate_fixed::transcendental::{exp, ln};
+use substrate_fixed::types::{I32F32, I64F64, U64F64, U96F32};
 
 impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     pub fn get_subnet_block_emissions(
@@ -17,29 +19,275 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             .collect();
         log::debug!("Subnets to emit to: {subnets_to_emit_to:?}");
 
+        // Get subnet TAO emissions.
+        let shares = Self::get_shares(&subnets_to_emit_to);
+        log::debug!("Subnet emission shares = {shares:?}");
+
+        shares
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|(netuid, share)| {
+                let emission = U64F64::saturating_from_num(block_emission).saturating_mul(share);
+                (netuid, U96F32::saturating_from_num(emission))
+            })
+            .collect::<BTreeMap<NetUid, U96F32>>()
+    }
+
+    pub fn record_tao_inflow(netuid: NetUid, tao: TaoCurrency) {
+        SubnetTaoFlow::<T>::mutate(netuid, |flow| {
+            *flow = flow.saturating_add(u64::from(tao) as i64);
+        });
+    }
+
+    pub fn record_tao_outflow(netuid: NetUid, tao: TaoCurrency) {
+        SubnetTaoFlow::<T>::mutate(netuid, |flow| {
+            *flow = flow.saturating_sub(u64::from(tao) as i64)
+        });
+    }
+
+    pub fn reset_tao_outflow(netuid: NetUid) {
+        SubnetTaoFlow::<T>::remove(netuid);
+    }
+
+    // Update SubnetEmaTaoFlow if needed and return its value for
+    // the current block
+    fn get_ema_flow(netuid: NetUid) -> I64F64 {
+        let current_block: u64 = Self::get_current_block_as_u64();
+
+        // Calculate net ema flow for the next block
+        let block_flow = I64F64::saturating_from_num(SubnetTaoFlow::<T>::get(netuid));
+        if let Some((last_block, last_block_ema)) = SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<T>::get(netuid) {
+            // EMA flow already initialized
+            if last_block != current_block {
+                let flow_alpha = I64F64::saturating_from_num(FlowEmaSmoothingFactor::<T>::get())
+                    .safe_div(I64F64::saturating_from_num(u16::MAX));
+                let one = I64F64::saturating_from_num(1);
+                let ema_flow = (one.saturating_sub(flow_alpha))
+                    .saturating_mul(last_block_ema)
+                    .saturating_add(flow_alpha.saturating_mul(block_flow));
+                SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<T>::insert(netuid, (current_block, ema_flow));
+
+                // Drop the accumulated flow in the last block
+                Self::reset_tao_outflow(netuid);
+                ema_flow
+            } else {
+                last_block_ema
+            }
+        } else {
+            // Initialize EMA flow, set S(current_block) = 0
+            let ema_flow = I64F64::saturating_from_num(0);
+            SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<T>::insert(netuid, (current_block, ema_flow));
+            ema_flow
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Either the minimal EMA flow L = min{Si}, or an artificial
+    // cut off at some higher value A (TaoFlowCutoff)
+    // L = max {A, min{min{S[i], 0}}}
+    fn get_lower_limit(ema_flows: &BTreeMap<NetUid, I64F64>) -> I64F64 {
+        let zero = I64F64::saturating_from_num(0);
+        let min_flow = ema_flows
+            .values()
+            .map(|flow| flow.min(&zero))
+            .min()
+            .unwrap_or(&zero);
+        let flow_cutoff = I64F64::saturating_from_num(u64::from(TaoFlowCutoff::<T>::get()));
+        flow_cutoff.max(*min_flow)
+    }
+
+    // Estimate the upper value of pow with hardcoded p = 2
+    fn pow_estimate(val: U64F64) -> U64F64 {
+        val.saturating_mul(val)
+    }
+
+    fn safe_pow(val: U64F64, p: U64F64) -> U64F64 {
+        // If val is too low so that ln(val) doesn't fit I32F32::MIN,
+        // return 0 from the function
+        let zero = U64F64::saturating_from_num(0);
+        let i32f32_max = I32F32::saturating_from_num(i32::MAX);
+        if let Ok(val_ln) = ln(I32F32::saturating_from_num(val)) {
+            // If exp doesn't fit, do the best we can - max out on I32F32::MAX
+            U64F64::saturating_from_num(I32F32::saturating_from_num(
+                exp(I32F32::saturating_from_num(p).saturating_mul(val_ln)).unwrap_or(i32f32_max),
+            ))
+        } else {
+            zero
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn inplace_scale(offset_flows: &mut BTreeMap<NetUid, U64F64>) {
+        let zero = U64F64::saturating_from_num(0);
+        let flow_max = offset_flows.values().copied().max().unwrap_or(zero);
+
+        // Calculate scale factor so that max becomes 1.0
+        let flow_factor = U64F64::saturating_from_num(1).safe_div(flow_max);
+
+        // Upscale/downscale in-place
+        for flow in offset_flows.values_mut() {
+            *flow = flow_factor.saturating_mul(*flow);
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn inplace_pow_normalize(offset_flows: &mut BTreeMap<NetUid, U64F64>, p: U64F64) {
+        // Scale offset flows so that that are no overflows and underflows when we use safe_pow:
+        //  flow_factor * subnet_count * (flow_max ^ p) <= I32F32::MAX
+        let zero = U64F64::saturating_from_num(0);
+        let subnet_count = offset_flows.len();
+
+        // Pre-scale to max 1.0
+        Self::inplace_scale(offset_flows);
+
+        // Scale to maximize precision
+        let flow_max = offset_flows.values().copied().max().unwrap_or(zero);
+        log::debug!("Offset flow max: {flow_max:?}");
+        let flow_max_pow_est = Self::pow_estimate(flow_max);
+        log::debug!("flow_max_pow_est: {flow_max_pow_est:?}");
+
+        let max_times_count =
+            U64F64::saturating_from_num(subnet_count).saturating_mul(flow_max_pow_est);
+        let i32f32_max = U64F64::saturating_from_num(i32::MAX);
+        let precision_min = i32f32_max.safe_div(U64F64::saturating_from_num(u64::MAX));
+
+        // If max_times_count < precision_min, all flow values are too low to fit I32F32.
+        if max_times_count >= precision_min {
+            let epsilon =
+                U64F64::saturating_from_num(1).safe_div(U64F64::saturating_from_num(1_000));
+            let flow_factor = i32f32_max
+                .safe_div(max_times_count)
+                .checked_sqrt(epsilon)
+                .unwrap_or(zero);
+
+            // Calculate sum
+            let sum = offset_flows
+                .clone()
+                .into_values()
+                .map(|flow| flow_factor.saturating_mul(flow))
+                .map(|scaled_flow| Self::safe_pow(scaled_flow, p))
+                .sum();
+            log::debug!("Scaled offset flow sum: {sum:?}");
+
+            // Normalize in-place
+            for flow in offset_flows.values_mut() {
+                let scaled_flow = flow_factor.saturating_mul(*flow);
+                *flow = Self::safe_pow(scaled_flow, p).safe_div(sum);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Implementation of shares that uses TAO flow
+    fn get_shares_flow(subnets_to_emit_to: &[NetUid]) -> BTreeMap<NetUid, U64F64> {
+        // Get raw flows
+        let ema_flows = subnets_to_emit_to
+            .iter()
+            .map(|netuid| (*netuid, Self::get_ema_flow(*netuid)))
+            .collect();
+        log::debug!("EMA flows: {ema_flows:?}");
+
+        // Clip the EMA flow with lower limit L
+        // z[i] = max{S[i] − L, 0}
+        let lower_limit = Self::get_lower_limit(&ema_flows);
+        log::debug!("Lower flow limit: {lower_limit:?}");
+        let mut offset_flows = ema_flows
+            .iter()
+            .map(|(netuid, flow)| {
+                (
+                    *netuid,
+                    if *flow > lower_limit {
+                        U64F64::saturating_from_num(flow.saturating_sub(lower_limit))
+                    } else {
+                        U64F64::saturating_from_num(0)
+                    },
+                )
+            })
+            .collect::<BTreeMap<NetUid, U64F64>>();
+
+        // Normalize the set {z[i]}, using an exponent parameter (p ≥ 1)
+        let p = FlowNormExponent::<T>::get();
+        Self::inplace_pow_normalize(&mut offset_flows, p);
+        offset_flows
+    }
+
+    // DEPRECATED: Implementation of shares that uses EMA prices will be gradually deprecated
+    fn get_shares_price_ema(subnets_to_emit_to: &[NetUid]) -> BTreeMap<NetUid, U64F64> {
         // Get sum of alpha moving prices
         let total_moving_prices = subnets_to_emit_to
             .iter()
-            .map(|netuid| Self::get_moving_alpha_price(*netuid))
-            .fold(U96F32::saturating_from_num(0.0), |acc, ema| {
+            .map(|netuid| U64F64::saturating_from_num(Self::get_moving_alpha_price(*netuid)))
+            .fold(U64F64::saturating_from_num(0.0), |acc, ema| {
                 acc.saturating_add(ema)
             });
         log::debug!("total_moving_prices: {total_moving_prices:?}");
 
-        // Get subnet TAO emissions.
+        // Calculate shares.
         subnets_to_emit_to
-            .into_iter()
+            .iter()
             .map(|netuid| {
-                let moving_price = Self::get_moving_alpha_price(netuid);
+                let moving_price =
+                    U64F64::saturating_from_num(Self::get_moving_alpha_price(*netuid));
                 log::debug!("moving_price_i: {moving_price:?}");
 
-                let share = block_emission
-                    .saturating_mul(moving_price)
+                let share = moving_price
                     .checked_div(total_moving_prices)
-                    .unwrap_or(U96F32::from_num(0));
+                    .unwrap_or(U64F64::saturating_from_num(0));
 
-                (netuid, share)
+                (*netuid, share)
             })
-            .collect::<BTreeMap<NetUid, U96F32>>()
+            .collect::<BTreeMap<NetUid, U64F64>>()
+    }
+
+    // Combines ema price method and tao flow method linearly over FlowHalfLife blocks
+    pub(crate) fn get_shares(subnets_to_emit_to: &[NetUid]) -> BTreeMap<NetUid, U64F64> {
+        let current_block: u64 = Self::get_current_block_as_u64();
+
+        // Weight of tao flow method
+        let period = FlowHalfLife::<T>::get();
+        let one = U64F64::saturating_from_num(1);
+        let zero = U64F64::saturating_from_num(0);
+        let tao_flow_weight = if let Some(start_block) = FlowFirstBlock::<T>::get() {
+            if (current_block > start_block) && (current_block < start_block.saturating_add(period))
+            {
+                // Combination period in progress
+                let start_fixed = U64F64::saturating_from_num(start_block);
+                let current_fixed = U64F64::saturating_from_num(current_block);
+                let period_fixed = U64F64::saturating_from_num(period);
+                current_fixed
+                    .saturating_sub(start_fixed)
+                    .safe_div(period_fixed)
+            } else if current_block >= start_block.saturating_add(period) {
+                // Over combination period
+                one
+            } else {
+                // Not yet in combination period
+                zero
+            }
+        } else {
+            zero
+        };
+
+        // Get shares for each method as needed
+        let shares_flow = if tao_flow_weight > zero {
+            Self::get_shares_flow(subnets_to_emit_to)
+        } else {
+            BTreeMap::new()
+        };
+
+        let shares_prices = if tao_flow_weight < one {
+            Self::get_shares_price_ema(subnets_to_emit_to)
+        } else {
+            BTreeMap::new()
+        };
+
+        // Combine
+        let mut shares_combined = BTreeMap::new();
+        for netuid in subnets_to_emit_to.iter() {
+            let share_flow = shares_flow.get(netuid).unwrap_or(&zero);
+            let share_prices = shares_prices.get(netuid).unwrap_or(&zero);
+            shares_combined.insert(
+                *netuid,
+                share_flow.saturating_mul(tao_flow_weight).saturating_add(
+                    share_prices.saturating_mul(one.saturating_sub(tao_flow_weight)),
+                ),
+            );
+        }
+        shares_combined
     }
 }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
index 1f764b7baa..fe7e095b93 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
@@ -80,12 +80,13 @@ pub mod pallet {
     use frame_system::pallet_prelude::*;
     use pallet_drand::types::RoundNumber;
     use runtime_common::prod_or_fast;
+    use safe_math::FixedExt;
     use sp_core::{ConstU32, H160, H256};
     use sp_runtime::traits::{Dispatchable, TrailingZeroInput};
     use sp_std::collections::vec_deque::VecDeque;
     use sp_std::vec;
     use sp_std::vec::Vec;
-    use substrate_fixed::types::{I96F32, U64F64};
+    use substrate_fixed::types::{I64F64, I96F32, U64F64};
     use subtensor_macros::freeze_struct;
     use subtensor_runtime_common::{
         AlphaCurrency, Currency, MechId, NetUid, NetUidStorageIndex, TaoCurrency,
@@ -319,6 +320,11 @@ pub mod pallet {
     pub fn DefaultZeroU64<T: Config>() -> u64 {
         0
     }
+    #[pallet::type_value]
+    /// Default value for zero.
+    pub fn DefaultZeroI64<T: Config>() -> i64 {
+        0
+    }
     /// Default value for Alpha currency.
     #[pallet::type_value]
     pub fn DefaultZeroAlpha<T: Config>() -> AlphaCurrency {
@@ -1206,6 +1212,46 @@ pub mod pallet {
     pub type TokenSymbol<T: Config> =
         StorageMap<_, Identity, NetUid, Vec<u8>, ValueQuery, DefaultUnicodeVecU8<T>>;
 
+    #[pallet::storage] // --- MAP ( netuid ) --> subnet_tao_flow | Returns the TAO inflow-outflow balance.
+    pub type SubnetTaoFlow<T: Config> =
+        StorageMap<_, Identity, NetUid, i64, ValueQuery, DefaultZeroI64<T>>;
+    #[pallet::storage] // --- MAP ( netuid ) --> subnet_ema_tao_flow | Returns the EMA of TAO inflow-outflow balance.
+    pub type SubnetEmaTaoFlow<T: Config> =
+        StorageMap<_, Identity, NetUid, (u64, I64F64), OptionQuery>;
+    #[pallet::storage]
+    /// --- ITEM --> TAO Flow Cutoff
+    pub type TaoFlowCutoff<T: Config> = StorageValue<_, TaoCurrency, ValueQuery, DefaultZeroTao<T>>;
+    #[pallet::type_value]
+    /// Default value for flow normalization exponent.
+    pub fn DefaultFlowNormExponent<T: Config>() -> U64F64 {
+        U64F64::saturating_from_num(15).safe_div(U64F64::saturating_from_num(10))
+    }
+    #[pallet::storage]
+    /// --- ITEM --> Flow Normalization Exponent (p)
+    pub type FlowNormExponent<T: Config> =
+        StorageValue<_, U64F64, ValueQuery, DefaultFlowNormExponent<T>>;
+    #[pallet::type_value]
+    /// Default value for flow EMA smoothing.
+    pub fn DefaultFlowEmaSmoothingFactor<T: Config>() -> u64 {
+        // Example values:
+        //   half-life            factor value        u64 normalized
+        //   216000 (1 month) --> 0.000003209009576 ( 59_195_778_378_555)
+        //    50400 (1 week)  --> 0.000013752825678 (253_694_855_576_670)
+        59_195_778_378_555
+    }
+    #[pallet::type_value]
+    /// Flow EMA smoothing half-life.
+    pub fn FlowHalfLife<T: Config>() -> u64 {
+        216_000
+    }
+    #[pallet::storage]
+    /// --- ITEM --> Flow EMA smoothing factor (flow alpha), u64 normalized
+    pub type FlowEmaSmoothingFactor<T: Config> =
+        StorageValue<_, u64, ValueQuery, DefaultFlowEmaSmoothingFactor<T>>;
+    #[pallet::storage]
+    /// --- ITEM --> Block when TAO flow calculation starts(ed)
+    pub type FlowFirstBlock<T: Config> = StorageValue<_, u64, OptionQuery>;
+
     /// ============================
     /// ==== Global Parameters =====
     /// ============================
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
index fd63d5bdf1..112c81ecf6 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
@@ -1584,7 +1584,7 @@ mod dispatches {
         #[pallet::call_index(84)]
         #[pallet::weight((Weight::from_parts(358_500_000, 0)
         .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(36_u64))
-        .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(21_u64)), DispatchClass::Operational, Pays::Yes))]
+        .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(21_u64)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::Yes))]
         pub fn unstake_all_alpha(origin: OriginFor<T>, hotkey: T::AccountId) -> DispatchResult {
             Self::do_unstake_all_alpha(origin, hotkey)
         }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/hooks.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/hooks.rs
index 037d27900e..8173df6862 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/hooks.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/hooks.rs
@@ -157,7 +157,9 @@ mod hooks {
                 // Migrate AutoStakeDestinationColdkeys
                 .saturating_add(migrations::migrate_auto_stake_destination::migrate_auto_stake_destination::<T>())
                 // Migrate Kappa to default (0.5)
-                .saturating_add(migrations::migrate_kappa_map_to_default::migrate_kappa_map_to_default::<T>());
+                .saturating_add(migrations::migrate_kappa_map_to_default::migrate_kappa_map_to_default::<T>())
+                // 
+                .saturating_add(migrations::migrate_set_first_tao_flow_block::migrate_set_first_tao_flow_block::<T>()),
             weight
         }
 
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_set_first_tao_flow_block.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_set_first_tao_flow_block.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..99c10b99ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_set_first_tao_flow_block.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+use super::*;
+use crate::HasMigrationRun;
+use frame_support::{traits::Get, weights::Weight};
+use scale_info::prelude::string::String;
+
+pub fn migrate_set_first_tao_flow_block<T: Config>() -> Weight {
+    let migration_name = b"migrate_set_first_tao_flow_block".to_vec();
+
+    let mut weight = T::DbWeight::get().reads(1);
+    if HasMigrationRun::<T>::get(&migration_name) {
+        log::info!(
+            "Migration '{:?}' has already run. Skipping.",
+            String::from_utf8_lossy(&migration_name)
+        );
+        return weight;
+    }
+
+    log::info!(
+        "Running migration '{:?}'",
+        String::from_utf8_lossy(&migration_name)
+    );
+
+    // Actual migration
+    let current_block = Pallet::<T>::get_current_block_as_u64();
+    FlowFirstBlock::<T>::set(Some(current_block));
+    weight = weight.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(1, 1));
+
+    // Mark Migration as Completed
+    HasMigrationRun::<T>::insert(&migration_name, true);
+    weight = weight.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(2));
+
+    log::info!(
+        "Migration '{:?}' completed successfully.",
+        String::from_utf8_lossy(&migration_name)
+    );
+
+    weight
+}
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/mod.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/mod.rs
index b74c8e8608..e4742e2505 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/mod.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/mod.rs
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ pub mod migrate_remove_zero_total_hotkey_alpha;
 pub mod migrate_reset_bonds_moving_average;
 pub mod migrate_reset_max_burn;
 pub mod migrate_set_first_emission_block_number;
+pub mod migrate_set_first_tao_flow_block;
 pub mod migrate_set_min_burn;
 pub mod migrate_set_min_difficulty;
 pub mod migrate_set_nominator_min_stake;
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/stake_utils.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/stake_utils.rs
index 7910449e23..1a7b583376 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/stake_utils.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/stake_utils.rs
@@ -715,6 +715,9 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         //     });
         // }
 
+        // Record TAO outflow
+        Self::record_tao_outflow(netuid, swap_result.amount_paid_out.into());
+
         LastColdkeyHotkeyStakeBlock::<T>::insert(coldkey, hotkey, Self::get_current_block_as_u64());
 
         // Deposit and log the unstaking event.
@@ -789,6 +792,9 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             StakingHotkeys::<T>::insert(coldkey, staking_hotkeys.clone());
         }
 
+        // Record TAO inflow
+        Self::record_tao_inflow(netuid, swap_result.amount_paid_in.into());
+
         LastColdkeyHotkeyStakeBlock::<T>::insert(coldkey, hotkey, Self::get_current_block_as_u64());
 
         if set_limit {
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs
index 39a964a067..6a76cb2706 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use approx::assert_abs_diff_eq;
 use frame_support::assert_ok;
 use pallet_subtensor_swap::position::PositionId;
 use sp_core::U256;
-use substrate_fixed::types::{I64F64, I96F32, U96F32};
+use substrate_fixed::types::{I64F64, I96F32, U64F64, U96F32};
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, NetUidStorageIndex};
 use subtensor_swap_interface::{SwapEngine, SwapHandler};
 
@@ -80,21 +80,22 @@ fn test_coinbase_basecase() {
 
 // Test the emission distribution for a single subnet.
 // This test verifies that:
-// - A single subnet receives the full emission amount
-// - The emission is correctly reflected in SubnetTAO
-// - Total issuance and total stake are updated appropriately
+// - Single subnet gets cutoff by lower flow limit, so nothing is distributed
 // SKIP_WASM_BUILD=1 RUST_LOG=debug cargo test --package pallet-subtensor --lib -- tests::coinbase::test_coinbase_tao_issuance_base --exact --show-output --nocapture
 #[test]
 fn test_coinbase_tao_issuance_base() {
     new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
-        let netuid = NetUid::from(1);
         let emission = TaoCurrency::from(1_234_567);
-        add_network(netuid, 1, 0);
-        assert_eq!(SubnetTAO::<Test>::get(netuid), TaoCurrency::ZERO);
+        let subnet_owner_ck = U256::from(1001);
+        let subnet_owner_hk = U256::from(1002);
+        let netuid = add_dynamic_network(&subnet_owner_hk, &subnet_owner_ck);
+        SubnetMovingPrice::<Test>::insert(netuid, I96F32::from(3141) / I96F32::from(1000));
+        let tao_in_before = SubnetTAO::<Test>::get(netuid);
+        let total_stake_before = TotalStake::<Test>::get();
         SubtensorModule::run_coinbase(U96F32::from_num(emission));
-        assert_eq!(SubnetTAO::<Test>::get(netuid), emission);
+        assert_eq!(SubnetTAO::<Test>::get(netuid), tao_in_before + emission);
         assert_eq!(TotalIssuance::<Test>::get(), emission);
-        assert_eq!(TotalStake::<Test>::get(), emission);
+        assert_eq!(TotalStake::<Test>::get(), total_stake_before + emission);
     });
 }
 
@@ -113,6 +114,31 @@ fn test_coinbase_tao_issuance_base_low() {
     });
 }
 
+// SKIP_WASM_BUILD=1 RUST_LOG=debug cargo test --package pallet-subtensor --lib -- tests::coinbase::test_coinbase_tao_issuance_base_low_flow --exact --show-output --nocapture
+#[test]
+fn test_coinbase_tao_issuance_base_low_flow() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let emission = TaoCurrency::from(1_234_567);
+        let subnet_owner_ck = U256::from(1001);
+        let subnet_owner_hk = U256::from(1002);
+        let netuid = add_dynamic_network(&subnet_owner_hk, &subnet_owner_ck);
+        let emission = TaoCurrency::from(1);
+
+        // 100% tao flow method
+        let block_num = FlowHalfLife::<Test>::get();
+        SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<Test>::insert(netuid, (block_num, I64F64::from_num(1_000_000_000)));
+        FlowFirstBlock::<Test>::set(Some(0_u64));
+        System::set_block_number(block_num);
+
+        let tao_in_before = SubnetTAO::<Test>::get(netuid);
+        let total_stake_before = TotalStake::<Test>::get();
+        SubtensorModule::run_coinbase(U96F32::from_num(emission));
+        assert_eq!(SubnetTAO::<Test>::get(netuid), tao_in_before + emission);
+        assert_eq!(TotalIssuance::<Test>::get(), emission);
+        assert_eq!(TotalStake::<Test>::get(), total_stake_before + emission);
+    });
+}
+
 // Test emission distribution across multiple subnets.
 // This test verifies that:
 // - Multiple subnets receive equal portions of the total emission
@@ -134,11 +160,23 @@ fn test_coinbase_tao_issuance_multiple() {
         assert_eq!(SubnetTAO::<Test>::get(netuid2), TaoCurrency::ZERO);
         assert_eq!(SubnetTAO::<Test>::get(netuid3), TaoCurrency::ZERO);
         SubtensorModule::run_coinbase(U96F32::from_num(emission));
-        assert_eq!(SubnetTAO::<Test>::get(netuid1), emission / 3.into());
-        assert_eq!(SubnetTAO::<Test>::get(netuid2), emission / 3.into());
-        assert_eq!(SubnetTAO::<Test>::get(netuid3), emission / 3.into());
-        assert_eq!(TotalIssuance::<Test>::get(), emission);
-        assert_eq!(TotalStake::<Test>::get(), emission);
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+            SubnetTAO::<Test>::get(netuid1),
+            emission / 3.into(),
+            epsilon = 1.into(),
+        );
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+            SubnetTAO::<Test>::get(netuid2),
+            emission / 3.into(),
+            epsilon = 1.into(),
+        );
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+            SubnetTAO::<Test>::get(netuid3),
+            emission / 3.into(),
+            epsilon = 1.into(),
+        );
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(TotalIssuance::<Test>::get(), emission, epsilon = 3.into(),);
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(TotalStake::<Test>::get(), emission, epsilon = 3.into(),);
     });
 }
 
@@ -222,6 +260,89 @@ fn test_coinbase_tao_issuance_different_prices() {
     });
 }
 
+// SKIP_WASM_BUILD=1 RUST_LOG=debug cargo test --package pallet-subtensor --lib -- tests::coinbase::test_coinbase_tao_issuance_different_flows --exact --show-output --nocapture
+#[test]
+fn test_coinbase_tao_issuance_different_flows() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let subnet_owner_ck = U256::from(1001);
+        let subnet_owner_hk = U256::from(1002);
+        let netuid1 = add_dynamic_network(&subnet_owner_hk, &subnet_owner_ck);
+        let netuid2 = add_dynamic_network(&subnet_owner_hk, &subnet_owner_ck);
+        let emission = 100_000_000;
+
+        // Setup prices 0.1 and 0.2
+        let initial_tao: u64 = 100_000_u64;
+        let initial_alpha1: u64 = initial_tao * 10;
+        let initial_alpha2: u64 = initial_tao * 5;
+        mock::setup_reserves(netuid1, initial_tao.into(), initial_alpha1.into());
+        mock::setup_reserves(netuid2, initial_tao.into(), initial_alpha2.into());
+
+        // Force the swap to initialize
+        SubtensorModule::swap_tao_for_alpha(
+            netuid1,
+            TaoCurrency::ZERO,
+            1_000_000_000_000.into(),
+            false,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        SubtensorModule::swap_tao_for_alpha(
+            netuid2,
+            TaoCurrency::ZERO,
+            1_000_000_000_000.into(),
+            false,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        // Set subnet prices to reversed proportion to ensure they don't affect emissions.
+        SubnetMovingPrice::<Test>::insert(netuid1, I96F32::from_num(2));
+        SubnetMovingPrice::<Test>::insert(netuid2, I96F32::from_num(1));
+
+        // Set subnet tao flow ema.
+        // 100% tao flow method
+        let block_num = FlowHalfLife::<Test>::get();
+        SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<Test>::insert(netuid1, (block_num, I64F64::from_num(1)));
+        SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<Test>::insert(netuid2, (block_num, I64F64::from_num(2)));
+        FlowFirstBlock::<Test>::set(Some(0_u64));
+        System::set_block_number(block_num);
+
+        // Set normalization exponent to 1 for simplicity
+        FlowNormExponent::<Test>::set(U64F64::from(1_u64));
+
+        // Assert initial TAO reserves.
+        assert_eq!(SubnetTAO::<Test>::get(netuid1), initial_tao.into());
+        assert_eq!(SubnetTAO::<Test>::get(netuid2), initial_tao.into());
+        let total_stake_before = TotalStake::<Test>::get();
+
+        // Run the coinbase with the emission amount.
+        SubtensorModule::run_coinbase(U96F32::from_num(emission));
+
+        // Assert tao emission is split evenly.
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+            SubnetTAO::<Test>::get(netuid1),
+            TaoCurrency::from(initial_tao + emission / 3),
+            epsilon = 10.into(),
+        );
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+            SubnetTAO::<Test>::get(netuid2),
+            TaoCurrency::from(initial_tao + 2 * emission / 3),
+            epsilon = 10.into(),
+        );
+
+        // Prices are low => we limit tao issued (buy alpha with it)
+        let tao_issued = TaoCurrency::from(((0.1 + 0.2) * emission as f64) as u64);
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+            TotalIssuance::<Test>::get(),
+            tao_issued,
+            epsilon = 10.into()
+        );
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+            TotalStake::<Test>::get(),
+            total_stake_before + emission.into(),
+            epsilon = 10.into()
+        );
+    });
+}
+
 // Test moving price updates with different alpha values.
 // This test verifies that:
 // - Moving price stays constant when alpha is 1.0
@@ -352,6 +473,8 @@ fn test_coinbase_alpha_issuance_base() {
         SubnetAlphaIn::<Test>::insert(netuid1, AlphaCurrency::from(initial));
         SubnetTAO::<Test>::insert(netuid2, TaoCurrency::from(initial));
         SubnetAlphaIn::<Test>::insert(netuid2, AlphaCurrency::from(initial));
+        SubnetMovingPrice::<Test>::insert(netuid1, I96F32::from(1));
+        SubnetMovingPrice::<Test>::insert(netuid2, I96F32::from(1));
         // Check initial
         SubtensorModule::run_coinbase(U96F32::from_num(emission));
         // tao_in = 500_000
@@ -393,6 +516,9 @@ fn test_coinbase_alpha_issuance_different() {
         // Set subnet prices.
         SubnetMovingPrice::<Test>::insert(netuid1, I96F32::from_num(1));
         SubnetMovingPrice::<Test>::insert(netuid2, I96F32::from_num(2));
+        // Set tao flow
+        SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<Test>::insert(netuid1, (1u64, I64F64::from_num(1)));
+        SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<Test>::insert(netuid2, (1u64, I64F64::from_num(2)));
         // Run coinbase
         SubtensorModule::run_coinbase(U96F32::from_num(emission));
         // tao_in = 333_333
@@ -1941,7 +2067,7 @@ fn test_calculate_dividend_distribution_totals() {
 
         let pending_validator_alpha = AlphaCurrency::from(183_123_567_452);
         let pending_tao = TaoCurrency::from(837_120_949_872);
-        let tao_weight: U96F32 = U96F32::saturating_from_num(0.18); // 18%
+        let tao_weight: U96F32 = U96F32::from_num(0.18); // 18%
 
         let hotkeys = [U256::from(0), U256::from(1)];
 
@@ -1964,12 +2090,12 @@ fn test_calculate_dividend_distribution_totals() {
         let total_tao_dividends = tao_dividends.values().sum::<U96F32>();
 
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-            total_alpha_dividends.saturating_to_num::<u64>(),
+            total_alpha_dividends.to_num::<u64>(),
             u64::from(pending_validator_alpha),
             epsilon = 1_000
         );
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-            total_tao_dividends.saturating_to_num::<u64>(),
+            total_tao_dividends.to_num::<u64>(),
             pending_tao.to_u64(),
             epsilon = 1_000
         );
@@ -1984,7 +2110,7 @@ fn test_calculate_dividend_distribution_total_only_tao() {
 
         let pending_validator_alpha = AlphaCurrency::ZERO;
         let pending_tao = TaoCurrency::from(837_120_949_872);
-        let tao_weight: U96F32 = U96F32::saturating_from_num(0.18); // 18%
+        let tao_weight: U96F32 = U96F32::from_num(0.18); // 18%
 
         let hotkeys = [U256::from(0), U256::from(1)];
 
@@ -2007,12 +2133,12 @@ fn test_calculate_dividend_distribution_total_only_tao() {
         let total_tao_dividends = tao_dividends.values().sum::<U96F32>();
 
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-            total_alpha_dividends.saturating_to_num::<u64>(),
+            total_alpha_dividends.to_num::<u64>(),
             u64::from(pending_validator_alpha),
             epsilon = 1_000
         );
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-            total_tao_dividends.saturating_to_num::<u64>(),
+            total_tao_dividends.to_num::<u64>(),
             pending_tao.to_u64(),
             epsilon = 1_000
         );
@@ -2027,7 +2153,7 @@ fn test_calculate_dividend_distribution_total_no_tao_weight() {
 
         let pending_validator_alpha = AlphaCurrency::from(183_123_567_452);
         let pending_tao = TaoCurrency::ZERO; // If tao weight is 0, then only alpha dividends should be input.
-        let tao_weight: U96F32 = U96F32::saturating_from_num(0.0); // 0%
+        let tao_weight: U96F32 = U96F32::from_num(0.0); // 0%
 
         let hotkeys = [U256::from(0), U256::from(1)];
 
@@ -2050,12 +2176,12 @@ fn test_calculate_dividend_distribution_total_no_tao_weight() {
         let total_tao_dividends = tao_dividends.values().sum::<U96F32>();
 
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-            total_alpha_dividends.saturating_to_num::<u64>(),
+            total_alpha_dividends.to_num::<u64>(),
             u64::from(pending_validator_alpha),
             epsilon = 1_000
         );
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-            total_tao_dividends.saturating_to_num::<u64>(),
+            total_tao_dividends.to_num::<u64>(),
             pending_tao.to_u64(),
             epsilon = 1_000
         );
@@ -2070,7 +2196,7 @@ fn test_calculate_dividend_distribution_total_only_alpha() {
 
         let pending_validator_alpha = AlphaCurrency::from(183_123_567_452);
         let pending_tao = TaoCurrency::ZERO;
-        let tao_weight: U96F32 = U96F32::saturating_from_num(0.18); // 18%
+        let tao_weight: U96F32 = U96F32::from_num(0.18); // 18%
 
         let hotkeys = [U256::from(0), U256::from(1)];
 
@@ -2093,12 +2219,12 @@ fn test_calculate_dividend_distribution_total_only_alpha() {
         let total_tao_dividends = tao_dividends.values().sum::<U96F32>();
 
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-            total_alpha_dividends.saturating_to_num::<u64>(),
+            total_alpha_dividends.to_num::<u64>(),
             u64::from(pending_validator_alpha),
             epsilon = 1_000
         );
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-            total_tao_dividends.saturating_to_num::<u64>(),
+            total_tao_dividends.to_num::<u64>(),
             pending_tao.to_u64(),
             epsilon = 1_000
         );
@@ -2128,7 +2254,7 @@ fn test_calculate_dividend_and_incentive_distribution() {
         let pending_validator_alpha = pending_alpha / 2.into(); // Pay half to validators.
         let pending_tao = TaoCurrency::ZERO;
         let pending_swapped = 0; // Only alpha output.
-        let tao_weight: U96F32 = U96F32::saturating_from_num(0.0); // 0%
+        let tao_weight: U96F32 = U96F32::from_num(0.0); // 0%
 
         // Hotkey, Incentive, Dividend
         let hotkey_emission = vec![(hotkey, pending_alpha / 2.into(), pending_alpha / 2.into())];
@@ -2143,13 +2269,10 @@ fn test_calculate_dividend_and_incentive_distribution() {
             );
 
         let incentives_total = incentives.values().copied().map(u64::from).sum::<u64>();
-        let dividends_total = alpha_dividends
-            .values()
-            .sum::<U96F32>()
-            .saturating_to_num::<u64>();
+        let dividends_total = alpha_dividends.values().sum::<U96F32>().to_num::<u64>();
 
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-            dividends_total.saturating_add(incentives_total),
+            dividends_total + incentives_total,
             u64::from(pending_alpha),
             epsilon = 2
         );
@@ -2178,7 +2301,7 @@ fn test_calculate_dividend_and_incentive_distribution_all_to_validators() {
         let pending_alpha = AlphaCurrency::from(123_456_789);
         let pending_validator_alpha = pending_alpha; // Pay all to validators.
         let pending_tao = TaoCurrency::ZERO;
-        let tao_weight: U96F32 = U96F32::saturating_from_num(0.0); // 0%
+        let tao_weight: U96F32 = U96F32::from_num(0.0); // 0%
 
         // Hotkey, Incentive, Dividend
         let hotkey_emission = vec![(hotkey, 0.into(), pending_alpha)];
@@ -2193,13 +2316,10 @@ fn test_calculate_dividend_and_incentive_distribution_all_to_validators() {
             );
 
         let incentives_total = incentives.values().copied().map(u64::from).sum::<u64>();
-        let dividends_total = alpha_dividends
-            .values()
-            .sum::<U96F32>()
-            .saturating_to_num::<u64>();
+        let dividends_total = alpha_dividends.values().sum::<U96F32>().to_num::<u64>();
 
         assert_eq!(
-            AlphaCurrency::from(dividends_total.saturating_add(incentives_total)),
+            AlphaCurrency::from(dividends_total + incentives_total),
             pending_alpha
         );
     });
@@ -2226,7 +2346,7 @@ fn test_calculate_dividends_and_incentives() {
 
         let divdends = AlphaCurrency::from(123_456_789);
         let incentive = AlphaCurrency::from(683_051_923);
-        let total_emission = divdends.saturating_add(incentive);
+        let total_emission = divdends + incentive;
 
         // Hotkey, Incentive, Dividend
         let hotkey_emission = vec![(hotkey, incentive, divdends)];
@@ -2238,17 +2358,10 @@ fn test_calculate_dividends_and_incentives() {
             .values()
             .copied()
             .fold(AlphaCurrency::ZERO, |acc, x| acc + x);
-        let dividends_total = AlphaCurrency::from(
-            dividends
-                .values()
-                .sum::<U96F32>()
-                .saturating_to_num::<u64>(),
-        );
+        let dividends_total =
+            AlphaCurrency::from(dividends.values().sum::<U96F32>().to_num::<u64>());
 
-        assert_eq!(
-            dividends_total.saturating_add(incentives_total),
-            total_emission
-        );
+        assert_eq!(dividends_total + incentives_total, total_emission);
     });
 }
 
@@ -2284,12 +2397,8 @@ fn test_calculate_dividends_and_incentives_only_validators() {
             .values()
             .copied()
             .fold(AlphaCurrency::ZERO, |acc, x| acc + x);
-        let dividends_total = AlphaCurrency::from(
-            dividends
-                .values()
-                .sum::<U96F32>()
-                .saturating_to_num::<u64>(),
-        );
+        let dividends_total =
+            AlphaCurrency::from(dividends.values().sum::<U96F32>().to_num::<u64>());
 
         assert_eq!(dividends_total, divdends);
         assert_eq!(incentives_total, AlphaCurrency::ZERO);
@@ -2328,12 +2437,8 @@ fn test_calculate_dividends_and_incentives_only_miners() {
             .values()
             .copied()
             .fold(AlphaCurrency::ZERO, |acc, x| acc + x);
-        let dividends_total = AlphaCurrency::from(
-            dividends
-                .values()
-                .sum::<U96F32>()
-                .saturating_to_num::<u64>(),
-        );
+        let dividends_total =
+            AlphaCurrency::from(dividends.values().sum::<U96F32>().to_num::<u64>());
 
         assert_eq!(incentives_total, incentive);
         assert_eq!(dividends_total, divdends);
@@ -2380,7 +2485,7 @@ fn test_drain_pending_emission_no_miners_all_drained() {
         // Slight epsilon due to rounding (hotkey_take).
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(
             new_stake,
-            u64::from(emission.saturating_add(init_stake.into())).into(),
+            u64::from(emission + init_stake.into()).into(),
             epsilon = 1.into()
         );
     });
@@ -2536,7 +2641,7 @@ fn test_run_coinbase_not_started() {
         assert!(SubtensorModule::should_run_epoch(netuid, current_block));
 
         // Run coinbase with emission.
-        SubtensorModule::run_coinbase(U96F32::saturating_from_num(100_000_000));
+        SubtensorModule::run_coinbase(U96F32::from_num(100_000_000));
 
         // We expect that the epoch ran.
         assert_eq!(BlocksSinceLastStep::<Test>::get(netuid), 0);
@@ -2627,7 +2732,7 @@ fn test_run_coinbase_not_started_start_after() {
         assert!(SubtensorModule::should_run_epoch(netuid, current_block));
 
         // Run coinbase with emission.
-        SubtensorModule::run_coinbase(U96F32::saturating_from_num(100_000_000));
+        SubtensorModule::run_coinbase(U96F32::from_num(100_000_000));
         // We expect that the epoch ran.
         assert_eq!(BlocksSinceLastStep::<Test>::get(netuid), 0);
 
@@ -2647,7 +2752,7 @@ fn test_run_coinbase_not_started_start_after() {
         );
 
         // Run coinbase with emission.
-        SubtensorModule::run_coinbase(U96F32::saturating_from_num(100_000_000));
+        SubtensorModule::run_coinbase(U96F32::from_num(100_000_000));
         // We expect that the epoch ran.
         assert_eq!(BlocksSinceLastStep::<Test>::get(netuid), 0);
 
@@ -2876,3 +2981,31 @@ fn test_incentive_goes_to_hotkey_when_no_autostake_destination() {
         );
     });
 }
+
+// SKIP_WASM_BUILD=1 RUST_LOG=debug cargo test --package pallet-subtensor --lib -- tests::coinbase::test_zero_shares_zero_emission --exact --show-output --nocapture
+#[test]
+fn test_zero_shares_zero_emission() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let subnet_owner_ck = U256::from(0);
+        let subnet_owner_hk = U256::from(1);
+        let netuid1 = add_dynamic_network(&subnet_owner_hk, &subnet_owner_ck);
+        let netuid2 = add_dynamic_network(&subnet_owner_hk, &subnet_owner_ck);
+        let emission: u64 = 1_000_000;
+        // Setup prices 1 and 1
+        let initial: u64 = 1_000_000;
+        SubnetTAO::<Test>::insert(netuid1, TaoCurrency::from(initial));
+        SubnetAlphaIn::<Test>::insert(netuid1, AlphaCurrency::from(initial));
+        SubnetTAO::<Test>::insert(netuid2, TaoCurrency::from(initial));
+        SubnetAlphaIn::<Test>::insert(netuid2, AlphaCurrency::from(initial));
+        // Set subnet prices so that both are
+        //   - cut off by lower limit for tao flow method
+        //   - zeroed out for price ema method
+        SubnetMovingPrice::<Test>::insert(netuid1, I96F32::from_num(0));
+        SubnetMovingPrice::<Test>::insert(netuid2, I96F32::from_num(0));
+        // Run coinbase
+        SubtensorModule::run_coinbase(U96F32::from_num(emission));
+        // Netuid 1 is cut off by lower limit, all emission goes to netuid2
+        assert_eq!(SubnetAlphaIn::<Test>::get(netuid1), initial.into());
+        assert_eq!(SubnetAlphaIn::<Test>::get(netuid2), initial.into());
+    });
+}
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mod.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mod.rs
index 6e485b9087..3369131436 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mod.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/mod.rs
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ mod serving;
 mod staking;
 mod staking2;
 mod subnet;
+mod subnet_emissions;
 mod swap_coldkey;
 mod swap_hotkey;
 mod swap_hotkey_with_subnet;
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/staking.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/staking.rs
index 31826b6810..27c5b5c16d 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/staking.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/staking.rs
@@ -5576,3 +5576,74 @@ fn test_remove_root_updates_counters() {
         );
     });
 }
+
+// cargo test --package pallet-subtensor --lib -- tests::staking::test_staking_records_flow --exact --show-output
+#[test]
+fn test_staking_records_flow() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let owner_hotkey = U256::from(1);
+        let owner_coldkey = U256::from(2);
+        let hotkey = U256::from(3);
+        let coldkey = U256::from(4);
+        let amount = 100_000_000;
+
+        // add network
+        let netuid = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+
+        // Forse-set alpha in and tao reserve to make price equal 0.01
+        let tao_reserve = TaoCurrency::from(100_000_000_000);
+        let alpha_in = AlphaCurrency::from(1_000_000_000_000);
+        mock::setup_reserves(netuid, tao_reserve, alpha_in);
+
+        // Initialize swap v3
+        let order = GetAlphaForTao::<Test>::with_amount(0);
+        assert_ok!(<tests::mock::Test as pallet::Config>::SwapInterface::swap(
+            netuid.into(),
+            order,
+            TaoCurrency::MAX,
+            false,
+            true
+        ));
+
+        // Add stake with slippage safety and check if the result is ok
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::stake_into_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &coldkey,
+            netuid,
+            amount.into(),
+            TaoCurrency::MAX,
+            false,
+            false,
+        ));
+        let fee_rate = pallet_subtensor_swap::FeeRate::<Test>::get(NetUid::from(netuid)) as f64
+            / u16::MAX as f64;
+        let expected_flow = (amount as f64) * (1. - fee_rate);
+
+        // Check that flow has been recorded (less unstaking fees)
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+            SubnetTaoFlow::<Test>::get(netuid),
+            expected_flow as i64,
+            epsilon = 1_i64
+        );
+
+        // Remove stake
+        let alpha =
+            SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid);
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::unstake_from_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &coldkey,
+            netuid,
+            alpha,
+            TaoCurrency::ZERO,
+            false,
+        ));
+
+        // Check that outflow has been recorded (less unstaking fees)
+        let expected_unstake_fee = expected_flow * fee_rate;
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+            SubnetTaoFlow::<Test>::get(netuid),
+            expected_unstake_fee as i64,
+            epsilon = (expected_unstake_fee / 100.0) as i64
+        );
+    });
+}
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/subnet_emissions.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/subnet_emissions.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f530a3bc2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/subnet_emissions.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,562 @@
+#![allow(unused, clippy::indexing_slicing, clippy::panic, clippy::unwrap_used)]
+use super::mock::*;
+use crate::*;
+use alloc::collections::BTreeMap;
+use approx::assert_abs_diff_eq;
+use sp_core::U256;
+use substrate_fixed::types::{I64F64, I96F32, U64F64, U96F32};
+use subtensor_runtime_common::NetUid;
+
+fn u64f64(x: f64) -> U64F64 {
+    U64F64::from_num(x)
+}
+
+fn i64f64(x: f64) -> I64F64 {
+    I64F64::from_num(x)
+}
+
+fn i96f32(x: f64) -> I96F32 {
+    I96F32::from_num(x)
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn inplace_pow_normalize_all_zero_inputs_no_panic_and_unchanged() {
+    let mut m: BTreeMap<NetUid, U64F64> = BTreeMap::new();
+    m.insert(NetUid::from(1), u64f64(0.0));
+    m.insert(NetUid::from(2), u64f64(0.0));
+    m.insert(NetUid::from(3), u64f64(0.0));
+
+    let before = m.clone();
+    // p = 1.0 (doesn't matter here)
+    SubtensorModule::inplace_pow_normalize(&mut m, u64f64(1.0));
+
+    // Expect unchanged (sum becomes 0 → safe_div handles, or branch skips)
+    for (k, v_before) in before {
+        let v_after = m.get(&k).copied().unwrap();
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+            v_after.to_num::<f64>(),
+            v_before.to_num::<f64>(),
+            epsilon = 1e-18
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn inplace_pow_normalize_tiny_values_no_panic() {
+    use alloc::collections::BTreeMap;
+
+    // Very small inputs so that scaling branch is skipped in inplace_pow_normalize
+    let mut m: BTreeMap<NetUid, U64F64> = BTreeMap::new();
+    m.insert(NetUid::from(10), u64f64(1e-9));
+    m.insert(NetUid::from(11), u64f64(2e-9));
+    m.insert(NetUid::from(12), u64f64(3e-9));
+
+    let before = m.clone();
+    SubtensorModule::inplace_pow_normalize(&mut m, u64f64(2.0)); // p = 2
+
+    let sum = (1 + 4 + 9) as f64;
+    for (k, v_before) in before {
+        let v_after = m.get(&k).copied().unwrap();
+        let mut expected = v_before.to_num::<f64>();
+        expected *= 1e18 * expected / sum;
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
+            v_after.to_num::<f64>(),
+            expected,
+            epsilon = expected / 100.0
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn inplace_pow_normalize_large_values_no_overflow_and_sum_to_one() {
+    use alloc::collections::BTreeMap;
+
+    let mut m: BTreeMap<NetUid, U64F64> = BTreeMap::new();
+    m.insert(NetUid::from(1), u64f64(1e9));
+    m.insert(NetUid::from(2), u64f64(5e9));
+    m.insert(NetUid::from(3), u64f64(1e10));
+
+    SubtensorModule::inplace_pow_normalize(&mut m, u64f64(2.0)); // p = 2
+
+    // Sum ≈ 1
+    let sum: f64 = m.values().map(|v| v.to_num::<f64>()).sum();
+    assert_abs_diff_eq!(sum, 1.0_f64, epsilon = 1e-9);
+
+    // Each value is finite and within [0, 1]
+    for (k, v) in &m {
+        let f = v.to_num::<f64>();
+        assert!(f.is_finite(), "value for {k:?} not finite");
+        assert!(
+            (0.0..=1.0).contains(&f),
+            "value for {k:?} out of [0,1]: {f}"
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn inplace_pow_normalize_regular_case_relative_proportions_preserved() {
+    use alloc::collections::BTreeMap;
+
+    // With p = 1, normalization should yield roughly same proportions
+    let mut m: BTreeMap<NetUid, U64F64> = BTreeMap::new();
+    m.insert(NetUid::from(7), u64f64(2.0));
+    m.insert(NetUid::from(8), u64f64(3.0));
+    m.insert(NetUid::from(9), u64f64(5.0));
+
+    SubtensorModule::inplace_pow_normalize(&mut m, u64f64(1.0)); // p = 1
+
+    let a = m.get(&NetUid::from(7)).copied().unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+    let b = m.get(&NetUid::from(8)).copied().unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+    let c = m.get(&NetUid::from(9)).copied().unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+
+    assert_abs_diff_eq!(a, 0.2_f64, epsilon = 0.001);
+    assert_abs_diff_eq!(b, 0.3_f64, epsilon = 0.001);
+    assert_abs_diff_eq!(c, 0.5_f64, epsilon = 0.001);
+
+    // The sum of shares is 1.0 with good precision
+    let sum = a + b + c;
+    assert_abs_diff_eq!(sum, 1.0_f64, epsilon = 1e-12);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn inplace_pow_normalize_fractional_exponent() {
+    use alloc::collections::BTreeMap;
+
+    [1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0]
+        .into_iter()
+        .for_each(|p| {
+            let mut m: BTreeMap<NetUid, U64F64> = BTreeMap::new();
+            m.insert(NetUid::from(7), u64f64(2.0));
+            m.insert(NetUid::from(8), u64f64(3.0));
+            m.insert(NetUid::from(9), u64f64(5.0));
+
+            SubtensorModule::inplace_pow_normalize(&mut m, u64f64(p));
+
+            let a = m.get(&NetUid::from(7)).copied().unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+            let b = m.get(&NetUid::from(8)).copied().unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+            let c = m.get(&NetUid::from(9)).copied().unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+
+            let sum = (2.0_f64).powf(p) + (3.0_f64).powf(p) + (5.0_f64).powf(p);
+            let expected_a = (2.0_f64).powf(p) / sum;
+            let expected_b = (3.0_f64).powf(p) / sum;
+            let expected_c = (5.0_f64).powf(p) / sum;
+
+            assert_abs_diff_eq!(a, expected_a, epsilon = expected_a / 100.0);
+            assert_abs_diff_eq!(b, expected_b, epsilon = expected_b / 100.0);
+            assert_abs_diff_eq!(c, expected_c, epsilon = expected_c / 100.0);
+
+            // The sum of shares is 1.0 with good precision
+            let sum = a + b + c;
+            assert_abs_diff_eq!(sum, 1.0_f64, epsilon = 1e-12);
+        })
+}
+
+/// Normal (moderate, non-zero) EMA flows across 3 subnets.
+/// Expect: shares sum to ~1 and are monotonic with flows.
+#[test]
+fn get_shares_normal_flows_three_subnets() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let owner_hotkey = U256::from(10);
+        let owner_coldkey = U256::from(20);
+
+        let n1 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+        let n2 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+        let n3 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+
+        // 100% tao flow method
+        let block_num = FlowHalfLife::<Test>::get();
+        FlowFirstBlock::<Test>::set(Some(0_u64));
+        System::set_block_number(block_num);
+
+        // Set (block_number, flow) with reasonable positive flows
+        SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<Test>::insert(n1, (block_num, i64f64(1_000.0)));
+        SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<Test>::insert(n2, (block_num, i64f64(3_000.0)));
+        SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<Test>::insert(n3, (block_num, i64f64(6_000.0)));
+
+        let subnets = vec![n1, n2, n3];
+        let shares = SubtensorModule::get_shares(&subnets);
+
+        // Sum ≈ 1
+        let sum: f64 = shares.values().map(|v| v.to_num::<f64>()).sum();
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(sum, 1.0_f64, epsilon = 1e-9);
+
+        // Each share in [0,1] and finite
+        for (k, v) in &shares {
+            let f = v.to_num::<f64>();
+            assert!(f.is_finite(), "share for {k:?} not finite");
+            assert!(
+                (0.0..=1.0).contains(&f),
+                "share for {k:?} out of [0,1]: {f}"
+            );
+        }
+
+        // Monotonicity with the flows: share(n3) > share(n2) > share(n1)
+        let s1 = shares.get(&NetUid::from(n1)).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        let s2 = shares.get(&NetUid::from(n2)).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        let s3 = shares.get(&NetUid::from(n3)).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        assert!(
+            s3 > s2 && s2 > s1,
+            "expected s3 > s2 > s1; got {s1}, {s2}, {s3}"
+        );
+    });
+}
+
+/// Very low (but non-zero) EMA flows across 2 subnets.
+/// Expect: shares sum to ~1 and higher-flow subnet gets higher share.
+#[test]
+fn get_shares_low_flows_sum_one_and_ordering() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let owner_hotkey = U256::from(11);
+        let owner_coldkey = U256::from(21);
+
+        let n1 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+        let n2 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+
+        // 100% tao flow method
+        let block_num = FlowHalfLife::<Test>::get();
+        FlowFirstBlock::<Test>::set(Some(0_u64));
+        System::set_block_number(block_num);
+
+        // Tiny flows to exercise precision/scaling path
+        SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<Test>::insert(n1, (block_num, i64f64(1e-9)));
+        SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<Test>::insert(n2, (block_num, i64f64(2e-9)));
+
+        let subnets = vec![n1, n2];
+        let shares = SubtensorModule::get_shares(&subnets);
+
+        let sum: f64 = shares.values().map(|v| v.to_num::<f64>()).sum();
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(sum, 1.0_f64, epsilon = 1e-8);
+
+        for (k, v) in &shares {
+            let f = v.to_num::<f64>();
+            assert!(f.is_finite(), "share for {k:?} not finite");
+            assert!(
+                (0.0..=1.0).contains(&f),
+                "share for {k:?} out of [0,1]: {f}"
+            );
+        }
+
+        let s1 = shares.get(&NetUid::from(n1)).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        let s2 = shares.get(&NetUid::from(n2)).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        assert!(
+            s2 > s1,
+            "expected s2 > s1 with higher flow; got s1={s1}, s2={s2}"
+        );
+    });
+}
+
+/// High EMA flows across 2 subnets.
+/// Expect: no overflow, shares sum to ~1, and ordering follows flows.
+#[test]
+fn get_shares_high_flows_sum_one_and_ordering() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let owner_hotkey = U256::from(12);
+        let owner_coldkey = U256::from(22);
+
+        let n1 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+        let n2 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+
+        // 100% tao flow method
+        let block_num = FlowHalfLife::<Test>::get();
+        FlowFirstBlock::<Test>::set(Some(0_u64));
+        System::set_block_number(block_num);
+
+        // Large but safe flows for I64F64
+        SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<Test>::insert(n1, (block_num, i64f64(9.0e11)));
+        SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<Test>::insert(n2, (block_num, i64f64(1.8e12)));
+
+        let subnets = vec![NetUid::from(n1), NetUid::from(n2)];
+        let shares = SubtensorModule::get_shares(&subnets);
+
+        let sum: f64 = shares.values().map(|v| v.to_num::<f64>()).sum();
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(sum, 1.0_f64, epsilon = 1e-9);
+
+        for (k, v) in &shares {
+            let f = v.to_num::<f64>();
+            assert!(f.is_finite(), "share for {k:?} not finite");
+            assert!(
+                (0.0..=1.0).contains(&f),
+                "share for {k:?} out of [0,1]: {f}"
+            );
+        }
+
+        let s1 = shares.get(&NetUid::from(n1)).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        let s2 = shares.get(&NetUid::from(n2)).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        assert!(
+            s2 > s1,
+            "expected s2 > s1 with higher flow; got s1={s1}, s2={s2}"
+        );
+    });
+}
+
+/// Helper to (re)seed EMA price & flow at the *current* block.
+fn seed_price_and_flow(n1: NetUid, n2: NetUid, price1: f64, price2: f64, flow1: f64, flow2: f64) {
+    let now = frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::block_number();
+    SubnetMovingPrice::<Test>::insert(n1, i96f32(price1));
+    SubnetMovingPrice::<Test>::insert(n2, i96f32(price2));
+    SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<Test>::insert(n1, (now, i64f64(flow1)));
+    SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<Test>::insert(n2, (now, i64f64(flow2)));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn get_shares_price_flow_blend_1v3_price_and_3v1_flow() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        // two subnets
+        let owner_hotkey = U256::from(42);
+        let owner_coldkey = U256::from(43);
+        let n1 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+        let n2 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+        let net1 = NetUid::from(n1);
+        let net2 = NetUid::from(n2);
+
+        // define "window" length half_life blocks and set first block to 0
+        let half_life: u64 = FlowHalfLife::<Test>::get();
+        FlowFirstBlock::<Test>::set(Some(0_u64));
+        FlowNormExponent::<Test>::set(u64f64(1.0));
+
+        // t = 0: expect (0.25, 0.75)
+        frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::set_block_number(0);
+        seed_price_and_flow(net1, net2, /*price*/ 1.0, 3.0, /*flow*/ 3.0, 1.0);
+        let shares = SubtensorModule::get_shares(&[net1, net2]);
+        let s1 = shares.get(&net1).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        let s2 = shares.get(&net2).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(s1 + s2, 1.0_f64, epsilon = 1e-9);
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(s1, 0.25_f64, epsilon = 1e-6);
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(s2, 0.75_f64, epsilon = 1e-6);
+
+        // t = half_life/2: expect (0.5, 0.5)
+        frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::set_block_number(half_life / 2);
+        seed_price_and_flow(net1, net2, 1.0, 3.0, 3.0, 1.0);
+        let shares = SubtensorModule::get_shares(&[net1, net2]);
+        let s1 = shares.get(&net1).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        let s2 = shares.get(&net2).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(s1 + s2, 1.0_f64, epsilon = 1e-9);
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(s1, 0.5_f64, epsilon = 1e-6);
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(s2, 0.5_f64, epsilon = 1e-6);
+
+        // t = half_life: expect (0.75, 0.25)
+        frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::set_block_number(half_life);
+        seed_price_and_flow(net1, net2, 1.0, 3.0, 3.0, 1.0);
+        let shares = SubtensorModule::get_shares(&[net1, net2]);
+        let s1 = shares.get(&net1).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        let s2 = shares.get(&net2).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(s1 + s2, 1.0_f64, epsilon = 1e-9);
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(s1, 0.75_f64, epsilon = 1e-6);
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(s2, 0.25_f64, epsilon = 1e-6);
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn get_shares_price_flow_blend_3v1_price_and_1v3_flow() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let owner_hotkey = U256::from(50);
+        let owner_coldkey = U256::from(51);
+        let n1 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+        let n2 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+        let net1 = NetUid::from(n1);
+        let net2 = NetUid::from(n2);
+
+        // window half_life and anchor at 0
+        let half_life: u64 = FlowHalfLife::<Test>::get();
+        FlowFirstBlock::<Test>::set(Some(0_u64));
+        FlowNormExponent::<Test>::set(u64f64(1.0));
+
+        // t = 0: prices dominate → (0.75, 0.25)
+        frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::set_block_number(0);
+        seed_price_and_flow(net1, net2, /*price*/ 3.0, 1.0, /*flow*/ 1.0, 3.0);
+        let shares = SubtensorModule::get_shares(&[net1, net2]);
+        let s1 = shares.get(&net1).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        let s2 = shares.get(&net2).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(s1 + s2, 1.0_f64, epsilon = 1e-9);
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(s1, 0.75_f64, epsilon = 1e-6);
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(s2, 0.25_f64, epsilon = 1e-6);
+
+        // t = half_life/2: equal → (0.5, 0.5)
+        frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::set_block_number(half_life / 2);
+        seed_price_and_flow(net1, net2, 3.0, 1.0, 1.0, 3.0);
+        let shares = SubtensorModule::get_shares(&[net1, net2]);
+        let s1 = shares.get(&net1).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        let s2 = shares.get(&net2).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(s1, 0.5_f64, epsilon = 1e-6);
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(s2, 0.5_f64, epsilon = 1e-6);
+
+        // t = half_life: flows dominate → (0.25, 0.75)
+        frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::set_block_number(half_life);
+        seed_price_and_flow(net1, net2, 3.0, 1.0, 1.0, 3.0);
+        let shares = SubtensorModule::get_shares(&[net1, net2]);
+        let s1 = shares.get(&net1).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        let s2 = shares.get(&net2).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(s1, 0.25_f64, epsilon = 1e-6);
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(s2, 0.75_f64, epsilon = 1e-6);
+    });
+}
+
+/// If one subnet has a negative EMA flow and the other positive,
+/// the negative one should contribute no weight (treated as zero),
+/// so the positive-flow subnet gets the full share.
+#[test]
+fn get_shares_negative_vs_positive_flow() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        // 2 subnets
+        let owner_hotkey = U256::from(60);
+        let owner_coldkey = U256::from(61);
+        let n1 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+        let n2 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+        let net1 = NetUid::from(n1);
+        let net2 = NetUid::from(n2);
+
+        // Configure blending window and current block
+        let half_life: u64 = FlowHalfLife::<Test>::get();
+        FlowFirstBlock::<Test>::set(Some(0_u64));
+        FlowNormExponent::<Test>::set(u64f64(1.0));
+        frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::set_block_number(half_life);
+        TaoFlowCutoff::<Test>::set(TaoCurrency::from(0));
+
+        // Equal EMA prices so price side doesn't bias
+        SubnetMovingPrice::<Test>::insert(net1, i96f32(1.0));
+        SubnetMovingPrice::<Test>::insert(net2, i96f32(1.0));
+
+        // Set flows: n1 negative, n2 positive
+        let now = frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::block_number();
+        SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<Test>::insert(n1, (now, i64f64(-100.0)));
+        SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<Test>::insert(n2, (now, i64f64(500.0)));
+
+        let shares = SubtensorModule::get_shares(&[net1, net2]);
+        let s1 = shares.get(&net1).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        let s2 = shares.get(&net2).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+
+        // Sum ~ 1
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(s1 + s2, 1.0_f64, epsilon = 1e-9);
+        // Negative flow subnet should not get weight from flow; with equal prices mid-window,
+        // positive-flow subnet should dominate and get all the allocation.
+        assert!(
+            s2 > 0.999_999 && s1 < 1e-6,
+            "expected s2≈1, s1≈0; got s1={s1}, s2={s2}"
+        );
+    });
+}
+
+/// If both subnets have negative EMA flows, flows should contribute zero weight
+#[test]
+fn get_shares_both_negative_flows_zero_emission() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        // 2 subnets
+        let owner_hotkey = U256::from(60);
+        let owner_coldkey = U256::from(61);
+        let n1 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+        let n2 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+        let net1 = NetUid::from(n1);
+        let net2 = NetUid::from(n2);
+
+        // Configure blending window and current block
+        let half_life: u64 = FlowHalfLife::<Test>::get();
+        FlowFirstBlock::<Test>::set(Some(0_u64));
+        FlowNormExponent::<Test>::set(u64f64(1.0));
+        frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::set_block_number(half_life);
+        TaoFlowCutoff::<Test>::set(TaoCurrency::from(0));
+
+        // Equal EMA prices so price side doesn't bias
+        SubnetMovingPrice::<Test>::insert(net1, i96f32(1.0));
+        SubnetMovingPrice::<Test>::insert(net2, i96f32(1.0));
+
+        // Set flows: n1 negative, n2 positive
+        let now = frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::block_number();
+        SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<Test>::insert(n1, (now, i64f64(-100.0)));
+        SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<Test>::insert(n2, (now, i64f64(-200.0)));
+
+        let shares = SubtensorModule::get_shares(&[net1, net2]);
+        let s1 = shares.get(&net1).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        let s2 = shares.get(&net2).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+
+        assert!(
+            s1 < 1e-20 && s2 < 1e-20,
+            "expected s2≈0, s1≈0; got s1={s1}, s2={s2}"
+        );
+    });
+}
+
+/// If both subnets have positive EMA flows lower than or equal to cutoff, flows should contribute zero weight
+#[test]
+fn get_shares_both_below_cutoff_zero_emission() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        // 2 subnets
+        let owner_hotkey = U256::from(60);
+        let owner_coldkey = U256::from(61);
+        let n1 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+        let n2 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+        let net1 = NetUid::from(n1);
+        let net2 = NetUid::from(n2);
+
+        // Configure blending window and current block
+        let half_life: u64 = FlowHalfLife::<Test>::get();
+        FlowFirstBlock::<Test>::set(Some(0_u64));
+        FlowNormExponent::<Test>::set(u64f64(1.0));
+        frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::set_block_number(half_life);
+        TaoFlowCutoff::<Test>::set(TaoCurrency::from(2_000));
+
+        // Equal EMA prices so price side doesn't bias
+        SubnetMovingPrice::<Test>::insert(net1, i96f32(1.0));
+        SubnetMovingPrice::<Test>::insert(net2, i96f32(1.0));
+
+        // Set flows: n1 negative, n2 positive
+        let now = frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::block_number();
+        SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<Test>::insert(n1, (now, i64f64(1000.0)));
+        SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<Test>::insert(n2, (now, i64f64(2000.0)));
+
+        let shares = SubtensorModule::get_shares(&[net1, net2]);
+        let s1 = shares.get(&net1).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        let s2 = shares.get(&net2).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+
+        assert!(
+            s1 < 1e-20 && s2 < 1e-20,
+            "expected s2≈0, s1≈0; got s1={s1}, s2={s2}"
+        );
+    });
+}
+
+/// If one subnet has positive EMA flow lower than cutoff, the other gets full emission
+#[test]
+fn get_shares_one_below_cutoff_other_full_emission() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        [(1000.0, 2000.00001), (1000.0, 2000.001), (1000.0, 5000.0)]
+            .into_iter()
+            .for_each(|(flow1, flow2)| {
+                // 2 subnets
+                let owner_hotkey = U256::from(60);
+                let owner_coldkey = U256::from(61);
+                let n1 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+                let n2 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+                let net1 = NetUid::from(n1);
+                let net2 = NetUid::from(n2);
+
+                // Configure blending window and current block
+                let half_life: u64 = FlowHalfLife::<Test>::get();
+                FlowFirstBlock::<Test>::set(Some(0_u64));
+                FlowNormExponent::<Test>::set(u64f64(1.0));
+                frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::set_block_number(half_life);
+                TaoFlowCutoff::<Test>::set(TaoCurrency::from(2_000));
+
+                // Equal EMA prices (price side doesn't bias)
+                SubnetMovingPrice::<Test>::insert(net1, i96f32(1.0));
+                SubnetMovingPrice::<Test>::insert(net2, i96f32(1.0));
+
+                // Set flows: n1 negative, n2 positive
+                let now = frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::block_number();
+                SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<Test>::insert(n1, (now, i64f64(flow1)));
+                SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<Test>::insert(n2, (now, i64f64(flow2)));
+
+                let shares = SubtensorModule::get_shares(&[net1, net2]);
+                let s1 = shares.get(&net1).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+                let s2 = shares.get(&net2).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+
+                // Sum ~ 1
+                assert_abs_diff_eq!(s1 + s2, 1.0_f64, epsilon = 1e-9);
+                // Negative flow subnet should not get weight from flow; with equal prices mid-window,
+                // positive-flow subnet should dominate and get all the allocation.
+                assert!(
+                    s2 > 0.999_999 && s1 < 1e-6,
+                    "expected s2≈1, s1≈0; got s1={s1}, s2={s2}"
+                );
+            });
+    });
+}
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/utils/misc.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/utils/misc.rs
index ee16b9aa01..03714415ff 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/utils/misc.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/utils/misc.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use safe_math::*;
 use sp_core::Get;
 use sp_core::U256;
 use sp_runtime::Saturating;
-use substrate_fixed::types::{I32F32, U96F32};
+use substrate_fixed::types::{I32F32, U64F64, U96F32};
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, NetUid, NetUidStorageIndex, TaoCurrency};
 
 impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
@@ -951,4 +951,19 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         SubnetLimit::<T>::put(limit);
         Self::deposit_event(Event::SubnetLimitSet(limit));
     }
+
+    /// Sets TAO flow cutoff value (A)
+    pub fn set_tao_flow_cutoff(flow_cutoff: TaoCurrency) {
+        TaoFlowCutoff::<T>::set(flow_cutoff);
+    }
+
+    /// Sets TAO flow normalization exponent (p)
+    pub fn set_tao_flow_normalization_exponent(exponent: U64F64) {
+        FlowNormExponent::<T>::set(exponent);
+    }
+
+    /// Sets TAO flow smoothing factor (alpha)
+    pub fn set_tao_flow_smoothing_factor(smoothing_factor: u64) {
+        FlowEmaSmoothingFactor::<T>::set(smoothing_factor);
+    }
 }

From 9cd2b1471553a6b28880602f34c47917683b7dd2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Greg Zaitsev <gregz@opentensor.dev>
Date: Thu, 23 Oct 2025 17:34:30 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 192/218] Fix typo in hooks.rs

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/hooks.rs | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/hooks.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/hooks.rs
index 8173df6862..541af8e675 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/hooks.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/hooks.rs
@@ -158,8 +158,8 @@ mod hooks {
                 .saturating_add(migrations::migrate_auto_stake_destination::migrate_auto_stake_destination::<T>())
                 // Migrate Kappa to default (0.5)
                 .saturating_add(migrations::migrate_kappa_map_to_default::migrate_kappa_map_to_default::<T>())
-                // 
-                .saturating_add(migrations::migrate_set_first_tao_flow_block::migrate_set_first_tao_flow_block::<T>()),
+                // Set the first block of tao flow
+                .saturating_add(migrations::migrate_set_first_tao_flow_block::migrate_set_first_tao_flow_block::<T>());
             weight
         }
 

From 32982b7f9edc2144a5dce2c1190c4376eb54beef Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Greg Zaitsev <gregz@opentensor.dev>
Date: Thu, 23 Oct 2025 18:24:45 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 193/218] Change type of flow cutoff to I64F64, add tests for
 negative cutoff, cleanup tests

---
 pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs                |   4 +-
 .../src/coinbase/subnet_emissions.rs          |   2 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs                  |   7 +-
 .../subtensor/src/tests/subnet_emissions.rs   | 174 ++++++++++--------
 pallets/subtensor/src/utils/misc.rs           |   4 +-
 5 files changed, 112 insertions(+), 79 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs b/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
index 037bd637a2..9f9ee78661 100644
--- a/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
         utils::rate_limiting::{Hyperparameter, TransactionType},
     };
     use sp_runtime::BoundedVec;
-    use substrate_fixed::types::{I96F32, U64F64};
+    use substrate_fixed::types::{I64F64, I96F32, U64F64};
     use subtensor_runtime_common::{MechId, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
 
     /// The main data structure of the module.
@@ -2111,7 +2111,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
 		))]
         pub fn sudo_set_tao_flow_cutoff(
             origin: OriginFor<T>,
-            flow_cutoff: TaoCurrency,
+            flow_cutoff: I64F64,
         ) -> DispatchResult {
             ensure_root(origin)?;
             pallet_subtensor::Pallet::<T>::set_tao_flow_cutoff(flow_cutoff);
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/subnet_emissions.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/subnet_emissions.rs
index a179f62e8f..8006feadd2 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/subnet_emissions.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/subnet_emissions.rs
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             .map(|flow| flow.min(&zero))
             .min()
             .unwrap_or(&zero);
-        let flow_cutoff = I64F64::saturating_from_num(u64::from(TaoFlowCutoff::<T>::get()));
+        let flow_cutoff = TaoFlowCutoff::<T>::get();
         flow_cutoff.max(*min_flow)
     }
 
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
index fe7e095b93..fa2cefa7bc 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
@@ -1218,9 +1218,14 @@ pub mod pallet {
     #[pallet::storage] // --- MAP ( netuid ) --> subnet_ema_tao_flow | Returns the EMA of TAO inflow-outflow balance.
     pub type SubnetEmaTaoFlow<T: Config> =
         StorageMap<_, Identity, NetUid, (u64, I64F64), OptionQuery>;
+    #[pallet::type_value]
+    /// Default value for flow cutoff.
+    pub fn DefaultFlowCutoff<T: Config>() -> I64F64 {
+        I64F64::saturating_from_num(0)
+    }
     #[pallet::storage]
     /// --- ITEM --> TAO Flow Cutoff
-    pub type TaoFlowCutoff<T: Config> = StorageValue<_, TaoCurrency, ValueQuery, DefaultZeroTao<T>>;
+    pub type TaoFlowCutoff<T: Config> = StorageValue<_, I64F64, ValueQuery, DefaultFlowCutoff<T>>;
     #[pallet::type_value]
     /// Default value for flow normalization exponent.
     pub fn DefaultFlowNormExponent<T: Config>() -> U64F64 {
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/subnet_emissions.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/subnet_emissions.rs
index f530a3bc2e..aeece09c2e 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/subnet_emissions.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/subnet_emissions.rs
@@ -191,9 +191,9 @@ fn get_shares_normal_flows_three_subnets() {
         }
 
         // Monotonicity with the flows: share(n3) > share(n2) > share(n1)
-        let s1 = shares.get(&NetUid::from(n1)).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
-        let s2 = shares.get(&NetUid::from(n2)).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
-        let s3 = shares.get(&NetUid::from(n3)).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        let s1 = shares.get(&n1).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        let s2 = shares.get(&n2).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        let s3 = shares.get(&n3).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
         assert!(
             s3 > s2 && s2 > s1,
             "expected s3 > s2 > s1; got {s1}, {s2}, {s3}"
@@ -236,8 +236,8 @@ fn get_shares_low_flows_sum_one_and_ordering() {
             );
         }
 
-        let s1 = shares.get(&NetUid::from(n1)).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
-        let s2 = shares.get(&NetUid::from(n2)).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        let s1 = shares.get(&n1).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        let s2 = shares.get(&n2).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
         assert!(
             s2 > s1,
             "expected s2 > s1 with higher flow; got s1={s1}, s2={s2}"
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ fn get_shares_high_flows_sum_one_and_ordering() {
         SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<Test>::insert(n1, (block_num, i64f64(9.0e11)));
         SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<Test>::insert(n2, (block_num, i64f64(1.8e12)));
 
-        let subnets = vec![NetUid::from(n1), NetUid::from(n2)];
+        let subnets = vec![n1, n2];
         let shares = SubtensorModule::get_shares(&subnets);
 
         let sum: f64 = shares.values().map(|v| v.to_num::<f64>()).sum();
@@ -280,8 +280,8 @@ fn get_shares_high_flows_sum_one_and_ordering() {
             );
         }
 
-        let s1 = shares.get(&NetUid::from(n1)).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
-        let s2 = shares.get(&NetUid::from(n2)).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        let s1 = shares.get(&n1).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        let s2 = shares.get(&n2).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
         assert!(
             s2 > s1,
             "expected s2 > s1 with higher flow; got s1={s1}, s2={s2}"
@@ -306,8 +306,6 @@ fn get_shares_price_flow_blend_1v3_price_and_3v1_flow() {
         let owner_coldkey = U256::from(43);
         let n1 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
         let n2 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
-        let net1 = NetUid::from(n1);
-        let net2 = NetUid::from(n2);
 
         // define "window" length half_life blocks and set first block to 0
         let half_life: u64 = FlowHalfLife::<Test>::get();
@@ -316,30 +314,30 @@ fn get_shares_price_flow_blend_1v3_price_and_3v1_flow() {
 
         // t = 0: expect (0.25, 0.75)
         frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::set_block_number(0);
-        seed_price_and_flow(net1, net2, /*price*/ 1.0, 3.0, /*flow*/ 3.0, 1.0);
-        let shares = SubtensorModule::get_shares(&[net1, net2]);
-        let s1 = shares.get(&net1).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
-        let s2 = shares.get(&net2).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        seed_price_and_flow(n1, n2, /*price*/ 1.0, 3.0, /*flow*/ 3.0, 1.0);
+        let shares = SubtensorModule::get_shares(&[n1, n2]);
+        let s1 = shares.get(&n1).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        let s2 = shares.get(&n2).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(s1 + s2, 1.0_f64, epsilon = 1e-9);
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(s1, 0.25_f64, epsilon = 1e-6);
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(s2, 0.75_f64, epsilon = 1e-6);
 
         // t = half_life/2: expect (0.5, 0.5)
         frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::set_block_number(half_life / 2);
-        seed_price_and_flow(net1, net2, 1.0, 3.0, 3.0, 1.0);
-        let shares = SubtensorModule::get_shares(&[net1, net2]);
-        let s1 = shares.get(&net1).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
-        let s2 = shares.get(&net2).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        seed_price_and_flow(n1, n2, 1.0, 3.0, 3.0, 1.0);
+        let shares = SubtensorModule::get_shares(&[n1, n2]);
+        let s1 = shares.get(&n1).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        let s2 = shares.get(&n2).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(s1 + s2, 1.0_f64, epsilon = 1e-9);
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(s1, 0.5_f64, epsilon = 1e-6);
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(s2, 0.5_f64, epsilon = 1e-6);
 
         // t = half_life: expect (0.75, 0.25)
         frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::set_block_number(half_life);
-        seed_price_and_flow(net1, net2, 1.0, 3.0, 3.0, 1.0);
-        let shares = SubtensorModule::get_shares(&[net1, net2]);
-        let s1 = shares.get(&net1).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
-        let s2 = shares.get(&net2).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        seed_price_and_flow(n1, n2, 1.0, 3.0, 3.0, 1.0);
+        let shares = SubtensorModule::get_shares(&[n1, n2]);
+        let s1 = shares.get(&n1).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        let s2 = shares.get(&n2).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(s1 + s2, 1.0_f64, epsilon = 1e-9);
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(s1, 0.75_f64, epsilon = 1e-6);
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(s2, 0.25_f64, epsilon = 1e-6);
@@ -353,8 +351,6 @@ fn get_shares_price_flow_blend_3v1_price_and_1v3_flow() {
         let owner_coldkey = U256::from(51);
         let n1 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
         let n2 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
-        let net1 = NetUid::from(n1);
-        let net2 = NetUid::from(n2);
 
         // window half_life and anchor at 0
         let half_life: u64 = FlowHalfLife::<Test>::get();
@@ -363,29 +359,29 @@ fn get_shares_price_flow_blend_3v1_price_and_1v3_flow() {
 
         // t = 0: prices dominate → (0.75, 0.25)
         frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::set_block_number(0);
-        seed_price_and_flow(net1, net2, /*price*/ 3.0, 1.0, /*flow*/ 1.0, 3.0);
-        let shares = SubtensorModule::get_shares(&[net1, net2]);
-        let s1 = shares.get(&net1).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
-        let s2 = shares.get(&net2).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        seed_price_and_flow(n1, n2, /*price*/ 3.0, 1.0, /*flow*/ 1.0, 3.0);
+        let shares = SubtensorModule::get_shares(&[n1, n2]);
+        let s1 = shares.get(&n1).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        let s2 = shares.get(&n2).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(s1 + s2, 1.0_f64, epsilon = 1e-9);
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(s1, 0.75_f64, epsilon = 1e-6);
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(s2, 0.25_f64, epsilon = 1e-6);
 
         // t = half_life/2: equal → (0.5, 0.5)
         frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::set_block_number(half_life / 2);
-        seed_price_and_flow(net1, net2, 3.0, 1.0, 1.0, 3.0);
-        let shares = SubtensorModule::get_shares(&[net1, net2]);
-        let s1 = shares.get(&net1).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
-        let s2 = shares.get(&net2).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        seed_price_and_flow(n1, n2, 3.0, 1.0, 1.0, 3.0);
+        let shares = SubtensorModule::get_shares(&[n1, n2]);
+        let s1 = shares.get(&n1).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        let s2 = shares.get(&n2).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(s1, 0.5_f64, epsilon = 1e-6);
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(s2, 0.5_f64, epsilon = 1e-6);
 
         // t = half_life: flows dominate → (0.25, 0.75)
         frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::set_block_number(half_life);
-        seed_price_and_flow(net1, net2, 3.0, 1.0, 1.0, 3.0);
-        let shares = SubtensorModule::get_shares(&[net1, net2]);
-        let s1 = shares.get(&net1).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
-        let s2 = shares.get(&net2).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        seed_price_and_flow(n1, n2, 3.0, 1.0, 1.0, 3.0);
+        let shares = SubtensorModule::get_shares(&[n1, n2]);
+        let s1 = shares.get(&n1).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        let s2 = shares.get(&n2).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(s1, 0.25_f64, epsilon = 1e-6);
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(s2, 0.75_f64, epsilon = 1e-6);
     });
@@ -402,28 +398,26 @@ fn get_shares_negative_vs_positive_flow() {
         let owner_coldkey = U256::from(61);
         let n1 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
         let n2 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
-        let net1 = NetUid::from(n1);
-        let net2 = NetUid::from(n2);
 
         // Configure blending window and current block
         let half_life: u64 = FlowHalfLife::<Test>::get();
         FlowFirstBlock::<Test>::set(Some(0_u64));
         FlowNormExponent::<Test>::set(u64f64(1.0));
         frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::set_block_number(half_life);
-        TaoFlowCutoff::<Test>::set(TaoCurrency::from(0));
+        TaoFlowCutoff::<Test>::set(I64F64::from_num(0));
 
         // Equal EMA prices so price side doesn't bias
-        SubnetMovingPrice::<Test>::insert(net1, i96f32(1.0));
-        SubnetMovingPrice::<Test>::insert(net2, i96f32(1.0));
+        SubnetMovingPrice::<Test>::insert(n1, i96f32(1.0));
+        SubnetMovingPrice::<Test>::insert(n2, i96f32(1.0));
 
         // Set flows: n1 negative, n2 positive
         let now = frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::block_number();
         SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<Test>::insert(n1, (now, i64f64(-100.0)));
         SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<Test>::insert(n2, (now, i64f64(500.0)));
 
-        let shares = SubtensorModule::get_shares(&[net1, net2]);
-        let s1 = shares.get(&net1).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
-        let s2 = shares.get(&net2).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        let shares = SubtensorModule::get_shares(&[n1, n2]);
+        let s1 = shares.get(&n1).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        let s2 = shares.get(&n2).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
 
         // Sum ~ 1
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(s1 + s2, 1.0_f64, epsilon = 1e-9);
@@ -445,28 +439,26 @@ fn get_shares_both_negative_flows_zero_emission() {
         let owner_coldkey = U256::from(61);
         let n1 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
         let n2 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
-        let net1 = NetUid::from(n1);
-        let net2 = NetUid::from(n2);
 
         // Configure blending window and current block
         let half_life: u64 = FlowHalfLife::<Test>::get();
         FlowFirstBlock::<Test>::set(Some(0_u64));
         FlowNormExponent::<Test>::set(u64f64(1.0));
         frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::set_block_number(half_life);
-        TaoFlowCutoff::<Test>::set(TaoCurrency::from(0));
+        TaoFlowCutoff::<Test>::set(I64F64::from_num(0));
 
         // Equal EMA prices so price side doesn't bias
-        SubnetMovingPrice::<Test>::insert(net1, i96f32(1.0));
-        SubnetMovingPrice::<Test>::insert(net2, i96f32(1.0));
+        SubnetMovingPrice::<Test>::insert(n1, i96f32(1.0));
+        SubnetMovingPrice::<Test>::insert(n2, i96f32(1.0));
 
-        // Set flows: n1 negative, n2 positive
+        // Set flows
         let now = frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::block_number();
         SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<Test>::insert(n1, (now, i64f64(-100.0)));
         SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<Test>::insert(n2, (now, i64f64(-200.0)));
 
-        let shares = SubtensorModule::get_shares(&[net1, net2]);
-        let s1 = shares.get(&net1).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
-        let s2 = shares.get(&net2).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        let shares = SubtensorModule::get_shares(&[n1, n2]);
+        let s1 = shares.get(&n1).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        let s2 = shares.get(&n2).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
 
         assert!(
             s1 < 1e-20 && s2 < 1e-20,
@@ -484,28 +476,26 @@ fn get_shares_both_below_cutoff_zero_emission() {
         let owner_coldkey = U256::from(61);
         let n1 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
         let n2 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
-        let net1 = NetUid::from(n1);
-        let net2 = NetUid::from(n2);
 
         // Configure blending window and current block
         let half_life: u64 = FlowHalfLife::<Test>::get();
         FlowFirstBlock::<Test>::set(Some(0_u64));
         FlowNormExponent::<Test>::set(u64f64(1.0));
         frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::set_block_number(half_life);
-        TaoFlowCutoff::<Test>::set(TaoCurrency::from(2_000));
+        TaoFlowCutoff::<Test>::set(I64F64::from_num(2_000));
 
         // Equal EMA prices so price side doesn't bias
-        SubnetMovingPrice::<Test>::insert(net1, i96f32(1.0));
-        SubnetMovingPrice::<Test>::insert(net2, i96f32(1.0));
+        SubnetMovingPrice::<Test>::insert(n1, i96f32(1.0));
+        SubnetMovingPrice::<Test>::insert(n2, i96f32(1.0));
 
-        // Set flows: n1 negative, n2 positive
+        // Set flows
         let now = frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::block_number();
         SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<Test>::insert(n1, (now, i64f64(1000.0)));
         SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<Test>::insert(n2, (now, i64f64(2000.0)));
 
-        let shares = SubtensorModule::get_shares(&[net1, net2]);
-        let s1 = shares.get(&net1).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
-        let s2 = shares.get(&net2).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        let shares = SubtensorModule::get_shares(&[n1, n2]);
+        let s1 = shares.get(&n1).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        let s2 = shares.get(&n2).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
 
         assert!(
             s1 < 1e-20 && s2 < 1e-20,
@@ -526,33 +516,29 @@ fn get_shares_one_below_cutoff_other_full_emission() {
                 let owner_coldkey = U256::from(61);
                 let n1 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
                 let n2 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
-                let net1 = NetUid::from(n1);
-                let net2 = NetUid::from(n2);
 
                 // Configure blending window and current block
                 let half_life: u64 = FlowHalfLife::<Test>::get();
                 FlowFirstBlock::<Test>::set(Some(0_u64));
                 FlowNormExponent::<Test>::set(u64f64(1.0));
                 frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::set_block_number(half_life);
-                TaoFlowCutoff::<Test>::set(TaoCurrency::from(2_000));
+                TaoFlowCutoff::<Test>::set(I64F64::from_num(2_000));
 
                 // Equal EMA prices (price side doesn't bias)
-                SubnetMovingPrice::<Test>::insert(net1, i96f32(1.0));
-                SubnetMovingPrice::<Test>::insert(net2, i96f32(1.0));
+                SubnetMovingPrice::<Test>::insert(n1, i96f32(1.0));
+                SubnetMovingPrice::<Test>::insert(n2, i96f32(1.0));
 
-                // Set flows: n1 negative, n2 positive
+                // Set flows
                 let now = frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::block_number();
                 SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<Test>::insert(n1, (now, i64f64(flow1)));
                 SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<Test>::insert(n2, (now, i64f64(flow2)));
 
-                let shares = SubtensorModule::get_shares(&[net1, net2]);
-                let s1 = shares.get(&net1).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
-                let s2 = shares.get(&net2).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+                let shares = SubtensorModule::get_shares(&[n1, n2]);
+                let s1 = shares.get(&n1).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+                let s2 = shares.get(&n2).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
 
                 // Sum ~ 1
                 assert_abs_diff_eq!(s1 + s2, 1.0_f64, epsilon = 1e-9);
-                // Negative flow subnet should not get weight from flow; with equal prices mid-window,
-                // positive-flow subnet should dominate and get all the allocation.
                 assert!(
                     s2 > 0.999_999 && s1 < 1e-6,
                     "expected s2≈1, s1≈0; got s1={s1}, s2={s2}"
@@ -560,3 +546,45 @@ fn get_shares_one_below_cutoff_other_full_emission() {
             });
     });
 }
+
+/// If subnets have negative EMA flows, but they are above the cut-off, emissions are proportional
+/// for all except the bottom one, which gets nothing
+#[test]
+fn get_shares_both_negative_above_cutoff() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        // 2 subnets
+        let owner_hotkey = U256::from(60);
+        let owner_coldkey = U256::from(61);
+        let n1 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+        let n2 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+        let n3 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+
+        // Configure blending window and current block
+        let half_life: u64 = FlowHalfLife::<Test>::get();
+        FlowFirstBlock::<Test>::set(Some(0_u64));
+        FlowNormExponent::<Test>::set(u64f64(1.0));
+        frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::set_block_number(half_life);
+        TaoFlowCutoff::<Test>::set(I64F64::from_num(-1000.0));
+
+        // Equal EMA prices so price side doesn't bias
+        SubnetMovingPrice::<Test>::insert(n1, i96f32(1.0));
+        SubnetMovingPrice::<Test>::insert(n2, i96f32(1.0));
+        SubnetMovingPrice::<Test>::insert(n3, i96f32(1.0));
+
+        // Set flows
+        let now = frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::block_number();
+        SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<Test>::insert(n1, (now, i64f64(-100.0)));
+        SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<Test>::insert(n2, (now, i64f64(-300.0)));
+        SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<Test>::insert(n3, (now, i64f64(-400.0)));
+
+        let shares = SubtensorModule::get_shares(&[n1, n2, n3]);
+        let s1 = shares.get(&n1).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        let s2 = shares.get(&n2).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+        let s3 = shares.get(&n3).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
+
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(s1, 0.75, epsilon = s1 / 100.0);
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(s2, 0.25, epsilon = s2 / 100.0);
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(s3, 0.0, epsilon = 1e-9);
+        assert_abs_diff_eq!(s1 + s2 + s3, 1.0, epsilon = 1e-9);
+    });
+}
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/utils/misc.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/utils/misc.rs
index 03714415ff..0ba3df1103 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/utils/misc.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/utils/misc.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use safe_math::*;
 use sp_core::Get;
 use sp_core::U256;
 use sp_runtime::Saturating;
-use substrate_fixed::types::{I32F32, U64F64, U96F32};
+use substrate_fixed::types::{I32F32, I64F64, U64F64, U96F32};
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, NetUid, NetUidStorageIndex, TaoCurrency};
 
 impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
@@ -953,7 +953,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     }
 
     /// Sets TAO flow cutoff value (A)
-    pub fn set_tao_flow_cutoff(flow_cutoff: TaoCurrency) {
+    pub fn set_tao_flow_cutoff(flow_cutoff: I64F64) {
         TaoFlowCutoff::<T>::set(flow_cutoff);
     }
 

From 1ab5d4df7245d38da0ec8ef3fd84be51b027971f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: open-junius <zhou@opentensor.dev>
Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2025 09:38:58 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 194/218] set root owner for fast time

---
 Cargo.lock                              |  1 +
 pallets/subtensor/Cargo.toml            |  2 ++
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/genesis.rs | 10 +++++++++-
 3 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 78c1f9d102..296ae30919 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -10677,6 +10677,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "share-pool",
  "sp-core",
  "sp-io",
+ "sp-keyring",
  "sp-runtime",
  "sp-std",
  "sp-tracing",
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/Cargo.toml b/pallets/subtensor/Cargo.toml
index 281f226683..fdd5e5f9ab 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/Cargo.toml
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/Cargo.toml
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ approx.workspace = true
 subtensor-swap-interface.workspace = true
 runtime-common.workspace = true
 subtensor-runtime-common = { workspace = true, features = ["approx"] }
+sp-keyring.workspace = true
 
 pallet-drand.workspace = true
 pallet-commitments.workspace = true
@@ -105,6 +106,7 @@ std = [
 	"sp-std/std",
 	"sp-tracing/std",
 	"sp-version/std",
+	"sp-keyring/std",
 	"subtensor-runtime-common/std",
 	"pallet-commitments/std",
 	"pallet-crowdloan/std",
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/genesis.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/genesis.rs
index 9d830e36ad..746acea936 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/genesis.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/genesis.rs
@@ -4,10 +4,15 @@ use frame_support::pallet_macros::pallet_section;
 /// This can later be imported into the pallet using [`import_section`].
 #[pallet_section]
 mod genesis {
-
+    use sp_keyring::Sr25519Keyring;
     #[pallet::genesis_build]
     impl<T: Config> BuildGenesisConfig for GenesisConfig<T> {
         fn build(&self) {
+            // Alice's public key
+            let alice_bytes = Sr25519Keyring::Alice.public();
+            let alice_key =
+                T::AccountId::decode(&mut &alice_bytes[..]).expect("Alice account should decode");
+            let subnet_root_owner = prod_or_fast!(DefaultSubnetOwner::<T>::get(), alice_key);
             // Set initial total issuance from balances
             TotalIssuance::<T>::put(self.balances_issuance);
 
@@ -17,6 +22,9 @@ mod genesis {
             // Increment the number of total networks.
             TotalNetworks::<T>::mutate(|n| *n = n.saturating_add(1));
 
+            // Set the root network owner.
+            SubnetOwner::<T>::insert(NetUid::ROOT, subnet_root_owner);
+
             // Set the number of validators to 1.
             SubnetworkN::<T>::insert(NetUid::ROOT, 0);
 

From 649a6d7207247aad73569f78c96e68558eb5a7eb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: open-junius <zhou@opentensor.dev>
Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2025 09:50:14 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 195/218] bump version

---
 runtime/src/lib.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/runtime/src/lib.rs b/runtime/src/lib.rs
index b19b7ddf6f..286c3312b6 100644
--- a/runtime/src/lib.rs
+++ b/runtime/src/lib.rs
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ pub const VERSION: RuntimeVersion = RuntimeVersion {
     //   `spec_version`, and `authoring_version` are the same between Wasm and native.
     // This value is set to 100 to notify Polkadot-JS App (https://polkadot.js.org/apps) to use
     //   the compatible custom types.
-    spec_version: 330,
+    spec_version: 331,
     impl_version: 1,
     apis: RUNTIME_API_VERSIONS,
     transaction_version: 1,

From c6c61e0675694395e8a0869f905682ac3094832d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Francisco Silva <franjs.francisco@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2025 09:58:21 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 196/218] docs(contracts): rename and clarify WASM contract
 support

---
 docs/{contracts.md => wasm-contracts.md} | 9 ++++++---
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 rename docs/{contracts.md => wasm-contracts.md} (87%)

diff --git a/docs/contracts.md b/docs/wasm-contracts.md
similarity index 87%
rename from docs/contracts.md
rename to docs/wasm-contracts.md
index e0b4456cff..95a08af738 100644
--- a/docs/contracts.md
+++ b/docs/wasm-contracts.md
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
-# Smart Contracts on Subtensor
+# WebAssembly Smart Contracts
 
 ## Overview
 
-Subtensor now supports smart contract functionality through the integration of `pallet-contracts`, enabling developers to deploy and execute WebAssembly (WASM) smart contracts on the network. Contracts are written in [ink!](https://use.ink/), a Rust-based embedded domain-specific language (eDSL) for writing smart contracts on Substrate-based chains.
+Subtensor now supports WebAssembly (WASM) smart contract functionality through the integration of `pallet-contracts`, enabling developers to deploy and execute WASM smart contracts on the network. Contracts are written in [ink!](https://use.ink/), a Rust-based embedded domain-specific language (eDSL) for writing smart contracts on Substrate-based chains. For compatibility, WASM contracts can also be compiled from Solidity using [Solang](https://github.com/hyperledger-solang/solang).
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> If you're looking for information on EVM contracts, please see the documentation: https://docs.learnbittensor.org/evm-tutorials
 
 ## Getting Started
 
@@ -81,7 +84,7 @@ Chain extension functions that modify state return error codes as `u32` values.
 
 ### Call Filter
 
-For security, contracts can only dispatch a limited set of runtime calls:
+For security, contracts can only directly dispatch a limited set of runtime calls:
 
 **Whitelisted Calls:**
 - `Proxy::proxy` - Execute proxy calls

From 558f90883b6a6b4f41e26a8cf2ce60a7fdc17e17 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2025 13:52:51 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 197/218] Apply review suggestions

---
 .../subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs    | 12 +++++------
 pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs                  |  2 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs    | 20 ++-----------------
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs   |  4 ++--
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/helpers.rs      |  4 ++--
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs       |  1 -
 6 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs
index 232341f93f..53ac3c6ac5 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/run_coinbase.rs
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         let tao_weight: U96F32 = root_tao.saturating_mul(Self::get_tao_weight());
         log::debug!("tao_weight: {tao_weight:?}");
 
-        // --- 6. Seperate out root dividends in alpha and sell them into tao.
+        // --- 6. Seperate out root dividends in alpha and keep them.
         // Then accumulate those dividends for later.
         for netuid_i in subnets_to_emit_to.iter() {
             // Get remaining alpha out.
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                 let pending_alpha = PendingEmission::<T>::get(netuid);
                 PendingEmission::<T>::insert(netuid, AlphaCurrency::ZERO);
 
-                // Get and drain the subnet pending root divs.
+                // Get and drain the subnet pending root alpha divs.
                 let pending_root_alpha = PendingRootAlphaDivs::<T>::get(netuid);
                 PendingRootAlphaDivs::<T>::insert(netuid, AlphaCurrency::ZERO);
 
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                 let owner_cut = PendingOwnerCut::<T>::get(netuid);
                 PendingOwnerCut::<T>::insert(netuid, AlphaCurrency::ZERO);
 
-                // Drain pending root divs, alpha emission, and owner cut.
+                // Drain pending root alpha divs, alpha emission, and owner cut.
                 Self::drain_pending_emission(netuid, pending_alpha, pending_root_alpha, owner_cut);
             } else {
                 // Increment
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         // Setup.
         let zero: U96F32 = asfloat!(0.0);
 
-        // Accumulate root divs and alpha_divs. For each hotkey we compute their
+        // Accumulate root alpha divs and alpha_divs. For each hotkey we compute their
         // local and root dividend proportion based on their alpha_stake/root_stake
         let mut total_root_divs: U96F32 = asfloat!(0);
         let mut total_alpha_divs: U96F32 = asfloat!(0);
@@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             // Get take prop
             let alpha_take: U96F32 =
                 Self::get_hotkey_take_float(&hotkey).saturating_mul(root_alpha);
-            // Remove take prop from root_tao
+            // Remove take prop from root_alpha
             root_alpha = root_alpha.saturating_sub(alpha_take);
             // Give the validator their take.
             log::debug!("hotkey: {hotkey:?} alpha_take: {alpha_take:?}");
@@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                 tou64!(root_alpha).into(),
             );
 
-            // Record root dividends for this validator on this subnet.
+            // Record root alpha dividends for this validator on this subnet.
             AlphaDividendsPerSubnet::<T>::mutate(netuid, hotkey.clone(), |divs| {
                 *divs = divs.saturating_add(tou64!(root_alpha).into());
             });
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
index 696cbc317e..7e0637dd23 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
@@ -1383,7 +1383,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
     /// --- MAP ( netuid ) --> pending_emission
     pub type PendingEmission<T> =
         StorageMap<_, Identity, NetUid, AlphaCurrency, ValueQuery, DefaultPendingEmission<T>>;
-    /// --- MAP ( netuid ) --> pending_root_emission
+    /// --- MAP ( netuid ) --> pending_root_alpha_emission
     #[pallet::storage]
     pub type PendingRootAlphaDivs<T> =
         StorageMap<_, Identity, NetUid, AlphaCurrency, ValueQuery, DefaultZeroAlpha<T>>;
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
index 0d6dba817b..7792a55579 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
@@ -2367,15 +2367,7 @@ mod dispatches {
             Ok(())
         }
 
-        /// --- Sets the root claim type for the coldkey.
-        /// # Args:
-        /// * 'origin': (<T as frame_system::Config>Origin):
-        /// 	- The signature of the caller's coldkey.
-        ///
-        /// # Event:
-        /// * RootClaimTypeSet;
-        /// 	- On the successfully setting the root claim type for the coldkey.
-        ///
+        /// --- Sets root claim number (sudo extrinsic).
         #[pallet::call_index(123)]
         #[pallet::weight((
             Weight::from_parts(4_000_000, 0).saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
@@ -2395,15 +2387,7 @@ mod dispatches {
             Ok(())
         }
 
-        /// --- Sets the root claim type for the coldkey.
-        /// # Args:
-        /// * 'origin': (<T as frame_system::Config>Origin):
-        /// 	- The signature of the caller's coldkey.
-        ///
-        /// # Event:
-        /// * RootClaimTypeSet;
-        /// 	- On the successfully setting the root claim type for the coldkey.
-        ///
+        /// --- Sets root claim threshold for subnet (sudo or owner origin).
         #[pallet::call_index(124)]
         #[pallet::weight((
             Weight::from_parts(5_711_000, 0).saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
index 8209e23f8c..e43f15b23d 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         let root_claimed: I96F32 =
             I96F32::saturating_from_num(RootClaimed::<T>::get((hotkey, coldkey, netuid)));
 
-        // Substract the already claimed alpha.
+        // Subtract the already claimed alpha.
         let owed: I96F32 = claimable.saturating_sub(root_claimed);
 
         owed
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         root_claim_type: RootClaimTypeEnum,
         ignore_minimum_condition: bool,
     ) {
-        // Substract the root claimed.
+        // Subtract the root claimed.
         let owed: I96F32 = Self::get_root_owed_for_hotkey_coldkey_float(hotkey, coldkey, netuid);
 
         if !ignore_minimum_condition
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/helpers.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/helpers.rs
index 075d5b9d9d..1176064e36 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/helpers.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/helpers.rs
@@ -326,9 +326,9 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         });
     }
 
-    /// The function clears Alpha map in batches. Each run will check ALPHA_MAP_CLEAN_BATCH_SIZE
+    /// The function clears Alpha map in batches. Each run will check ALPHA_MAP_BATCH_SIZE
     /// alphas. It keeps the alpha value stored when it's >= than MIN_ALPHA.
-    /// The function uses AlphaMapCleanLastKey as a storage for key iterator between runs.
+    /// The function uses AlphaMapLastKey as a storage for key iterator between runs.
     pub fn populate_root_coldkey_staking_maps() {
         // Get starting key for the batch. Get the first key if we restart the process.
         let mut new_starting_raw_key = AlphaMapLastKey::<T>::get();
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs
index 0d4e1337d4..19ce6da28d 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs
@@ -947,7 +947,6 @@ fn test_drain_base_with_subnet_with_two_stakers_registered_and_root_different_am
         SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
             netuid,
             pending_alpha,
-            //   pending_tao,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );

From 318fb58dd467558aac901af86691612f655dd3f4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 27 Oct 2025 14:17:37 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 198/218] Set pays yes for sudo extrinsics.

---
 pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs             | 9 +++++++--
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs b/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
index b2fec3602f..09c91d7a9d 100644
--- a/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
@@ -1082,7 +1082,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
 			Weight::from_parts(14_000_000, 0)
 				.saturating_add(<T as frame_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().writes(1)),
 			DispatchClass::Operational,
-			Pays::No
+			Pays::Yes
 		))]
         pub fn sudo_set_subnet_limit(origin: OriginFor<T>, max_subnets: u16) -> DispatchResult {
             ensure_root(origin)?;
@@ -1639,7 +1639,12 @@ pub mod pallet {
         /// # Weight
         /// Weight is handled by the `#[pallet::weight]` attribute.
         #[pallet::call_index(64)]
-        #[pallet::weight((0, DispatchClass::Operational, Pays::No))]
+        #[pallet::weight((
+            Weight::from_parts(3_918_000, 0) // TODO: add benchmarks
+			    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
+            DispatchClass::Operational,
+            Pays::Yes
+        ))]
         pub fn sudo_set_subnet_owner_hotkey(
             origin: OriginFor<T>,
             netuid: NetUid,
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
index 112c81ecf6..4739e8e06c 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
@@ -2304,7 +2304,7 @@ mod dispatches {
         #[pallet::call_index(120)]
         #[pallet::weight((Weight::from_parts(119_000_000, 0)
 		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(6))
-		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(31)), DispatchClass::Operational, Pays::No))]
+		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(31)), DispatchClass::Operational, Pays::Yes))]
         pub fn root_dissolve_network(origin: OriginFor<T>, netuid: NetUid) -> DispatchResult {
             ensure_root(origin)?;
             Self::do_dissolve_network(netuid)

From efbe7825654e76f80bb1a0a7b4909e90a5085874 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" <github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 27 Oct 2025 17:22:50 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 199/218] auto-update benchmark weights

---
 pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs             | 4 ++--
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs b/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
index f7d59f6bd3..c7bb66f4bd 100644
--- a/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
@@ -1579,7 +1579,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
         /// Weight is handled by the `#[pallet::weight]` attribute.
         #[pallet::call_index(62)]
         #[pallet::weight((
-            Weight::from_parts(6_392_000, 3507)
+            Weight::from_parts(10_020_000, 3507)
 			    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(1_u64)),
             DispatchClass::Operational,
             Pays::Yes
@@ -1661,7 +1661,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
         /// Weight is handled by the `#[pallet::weight]` attribute.
         #[pallet::call_index(65)]
         #[pallet::weight((
-            Weight::from_parts(3_918_000, 0)
+            Weight::from_parts(6_201_000, 0)
 			    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
             DispatchClass::Operational,
             Pays::Yes
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
index 15ec3ebfff..9d59874f89 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
@@ -1585,8 +1585,8 @@ mod dispatches {
         ///     - Thrown if key has hit transaction rate limit
         #[pallet::call_index(84)]
         #[pallet::weight((Weight::from_parts(358_500_000, 0)
-        .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(36_u64))
-        .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(21_u64)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::Yes))]
+        .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(39_u64))
+        .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(24_u64)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::Yes))]
         pub fn unstake_all_alpha(origin: OriginFor<T>, hotkey: T::AccountId) -> DispatchResult {
             Self::do_unstake_all_alpha(origin, hotkey)
         }

From 4a1ba93700ff171fa7e94487cc44a4b9a3e75981 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" <github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 27 Oct 2025 17:23:24 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 200/218] auto-update benchmark weights

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
index 4739e8e06c..4f9d64069a 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ mod dispatches {
         /// 	- Attempting to set weights with max value exceeding limit.
         #[pallet::call_index(0)]
         #[pallet::weight((Weight::from_parts(15_540_000_000, 0)
-        .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(4112_u64))
+        .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(4111_u64))
         .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(2)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::No))]
         pub fn set_weights(
             origin: OriginFor<T>,
@@ -1227,7 +1227,7 @@ mod dispatches {
         #[pallet::call_index(59)]
         #[pallet::weight((Weight::from_parts(235_400_000, 0)
 		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(39_u64))
-		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(57_u64)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::Yes))]
+		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(56_u64)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::Yes))]
         pub fn register_network(origin: OriginFor<T>, hotkey: T::AccountId) -> DispatchResult {
             Self::do_register_network(origin, &hotkey, 1, None)
         }
@@ -1514,7 +1514,7 @@ mod dispatches {
         #[pallet::call_index(79)]
         #[pallet::weight((Weight::from_parts(234_200_000, 0)
             .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(38_u64))
-            .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(56_u64)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::Yes))]
+            .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(55_u64)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::Yes))]
         pub fn register_network_with_identity(
             origin: OriginFor<T>,
             hotkey: T::AccountId,

From f08ef461347255495610549fa3ceebd25256180b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 28 Oct 2025 12:36:37 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 201/218] Enable zero as sudo_set_num_root_claims param value.

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs |  4 ++--
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs  | 10 +++++-----
 2 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
index 9d59874f89..7a470f8dd2 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
@@ -2367,7 +2367,7 @@ mod dispatches {
             Ok(())
         }
 
-        /// --- Sets root claim number (sudo extrinsic).
+        /// --- Sets root claim number (sudo extrinsic). Zero disables auto-claim.
         #[pallet::call_index(123)]
         #[pallet::weight((
             Weight::from_parts(4_000_000, 0).saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
@@ -2378,7 +2378,7 @@ mod dispatches {
             ensure_root(origin)?;
 
             ensure!(
-                new_value > 0 && new_value <= MAX_NUM_ROOT_CLAIMS,
+                new_value <= MAX_NUM_ROOT_CLAIMS,
                 Error::<T>::InvalidNumRootClaim
             );
 
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
index f1c1865ea5..5632f53bae 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
@@ -792,6 +792,11 @@ fn test_claim_root_block_hash_indices() {
         let k = 15u64;
         let n = 15000u64;
 
+        // 0
+        let indices =
+            SubtensorModule::block_hash_to_indices(H256(sp_core::keccak_256(b"zero")), 0, n);
+        assert!(indices.is_empty());
+
         // 1
         let hash = sp_core::keccak_256(b"some");
         let mut indices = SubtensorModule::block_hash_to_indices(H256(hash), k, n);
@@ -1008,11 +1013,6 @@ fn test_sudo_set_num_root_claims() {
             DispatchError::BadOrigin
         );
 
-        assert_noop!(
-            SubtensorModule::sudo_set_num_root_claims(RuntimeOrigin::root(), 0u64),
-            Error::<Test>::InvalidNumRootClaim
-        );
-
         assert_noop!(
             SubtensorModule::sudo_set_num_root_claims(
                 RuntimeOrigin::root(),

From 91e5776e4ddea38aef2878e62667c18c9fcb97d6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 28 Oct 2025 14:32:29 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 202/218] Add subnets to claim_root extrinsic.

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/benchmarks.rs         |   3 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs                |   3 +
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs  |  15 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/errors.rs      |   2 +
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs |  25 ++-
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs   | 227 ++++++++++++++++----
 6 files changed, 228 insertions(+), 47 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/benchmarks.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/benchmarks.rs
index 550b4a68b5..2a13a18aa0 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/benchmarks.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/benchmarks.rs
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ use sp_runtime::{
     BoundedVec, Percent,
     traits::{BlakeTwo256, Hash},
 };
+use sp_std::collections::btree_set::BTreeSet;
 use sp_std::vec;
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
 
@@ -1630,7 +1631,7 @@ mod pallet_benchmarks {
         ),);
 
         #[extrinsic_call]
-        _(RawOrigin::Signed(coldkey.clone()));
+        _(RawOrigin::Signed(coldkey.clone()), BTreeSet::from([netuid]));
 
         // Verification
         let new_stake =
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
index 7e0637dd23..f52e1e078b 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
@@ -58,6 +58,8 @@ pub const ALPHA_MAP_BATCH_SIZE: usize = 30;
 
 pub const MAX_NUM_ROOT_CLAIMS: u64 = 50;
 
+pub const MAX_SUBNET_CLAIMS: usize = 5;
+
 pub const MAX_ROOT_CLAIM_THRESHOLD: u64 = 10_000_000;
 
 #[allow(deprecated)]
@@ -89,6 +91,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
     use sp_core::{ConstU32, H160, H256};
     use sp_runtime::traits::{Dispatchable, TrailingZeroInput};
     use sp_std::collections::btree_map::BTreeMap;
+    use sp_std::collections::btree_set::BTreeSet;
     use sp_std::collections::vec_deque::VecDeque;
     use sp_std::vec;
     use sp_std::vec::Vec;
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
index 7a470f8dd2..d5b2bae419 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ mod dispatches {
     use crate::MAX_CRV3_COMMIT_SIZE_BYTES;
     use crate::MAX_NUM_ROOT_CLAIMS;
     use crate::MAX_ROOT_CLAIM_THRESHOLD;
+    use crate::MAX_SUBNET_CLAIMS;
+
     /// Dispatchable functions allow users to interact with the pallet and invoke state changes.
     /// These functions materialize as "extrinsics", which are often compared to transactions.
     /// Dispatchable functions must be annotated with a weight and must return a DispatchResult.
@@ -2331,12 +2333,21 @@ mod dispatches {
             DispatchClass::Normal,
             Pays::Yes
         ))]
-        pub fn claim_root(origin: OriginFor<T>) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
+        pub fn claim_root(
+            origin: OriginFor<T>,
+            subnets: BTreeSet<NetUid>,
+        ) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
             let coldkey: T::AccountId = ensure_signed(origin)?;
 
+            ensure!(!subnets.is_empty(), Error::<T>::InvalidSubnetNumber);
+            ensure!(
+                subnets.len() <= MAX_SUBNET_CLAIMS,
+                Error::<T>::InvalidSubnetNumber
+            );
+
             Self::maybe_add_coldkey_index(&coldkey);
 
-            let weight = Self::do_root_claim(coldkey);
+            let weight = Self::do_root_claim(coldkey, Some(subnets));
             Ok((Some(weight), Pays::Yes).into())
         }
 
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/errors.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/errors.rs
index 1f0063e4d6..5a15330075 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/errors.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/errors.rs
@@ -264,5 +264,7 @@ mod errors {
         InvalidNumRootClaim,
         /// Invalid value of root claim threshold
         InvalidRootClaimThreshold,
+        /// Exceeded subnet limit number or zero.
+        InvalidSubnetNumber,
     }
 }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
index e43f15b23d..0ffbeb4b54 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
@@ -210,7 +210,11 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(7_u64))
             .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(5_u64))
     }
-    pub fn root_claim_all(hotkey: &T::AccountId, coldkey: &T::AccountId) -> Weight {
+    pub fn root_claim_all(
+        hotkey: &T::AccountId,
+        coldkey: &T::AccountId,
+        subnets: Option<BTreeSet<NetUid>>,
+    ) -> Weight {
         let mut weight = Weight::default();
 
         let root_claim_type = RootClaimType::<T>::get(coldkey);
@@ -220,10 +224,19 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         let root_claimable = RootClaimable::<T>::get(hotkey);
         weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads(1));
 
-        root_claimable.iter().for_each(|(netuid, _)| {
+        for (netuid, _) in root_claimable.iter() {
+            let skip = subnets
+                .as_ref()
+                .map(|subnets| !subnets.contains(netuid))
+                .unwrap_or(false);
+
+            if skip {
+                continue;
+            }
+
             Self::root_claim_on_subnet(hotkey, coldkey, *netuid, root_claim_type.clone(), false);
             weight.saturating_accrue(Self::root_claim_on_subnet_weight(root_claim_type.clone()));
-        });
+        }
 
         weight
     }
@@ -278,7 +291,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn do_root_claim(coldkey: T::AccountId) -> Weight {
+    pub fn do_root_claim(coldkey: T::AccountId, subnets: Option<BTreeSet<NetUid>>) -> Weight {
         let mut weight = Weight::default();
 
         let hotkeys = StakingHotkeys::<T>::get(&coldkey);
@@ -286,7 +299,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
 
         hotkeys.iter().for_each(|hotkey| {
             weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads(1));
-            weight.saturating_accrue(Self::root_claim_all(hotkey, &coldkey));
+            weight.saturating_accrue(Self::root_claim_all(hotkey, &coldkey, subnets.clone()));
         });
 
         Self::deposit_event(Event::RootClaimed { coldkey });
@@ -321,7 +334,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         for i in coldkeys_to_claim.iter() {
             weight.saturating_accrue(T::DbWeight::get().reads(1));
             if let Ok(coldkey) = StakingColdkeysByIndex::<T>::try_get(i) {
-                weight.saturating_accrue(Self::do_root_claim(coldkey.clone()));
+                weight.saturating_accrue(Self::do_root_claim(coldkey.clone(), None));
             }
 
             continue;
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
index 5632f53bae..e8a295ae0d 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ use frame_support::traits::Get;
 use frame_support::{assert_err, assert_noop, assert_ok};
 use sp_core::{H256, U256};
 use sp_runtime::DispatchError;
+use std::collections::BTreeSet;
 use substrate_fixed::types::{I96F32, U96F32};
 use subtensor_runtime_common::{AlphaCurrency, Currency, NetUid, TaoCurrency};
 use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
@@ -117,7 +118,10 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_drain_emissions() {
         ),);
         assert_eq!(RootClaimType::<Test>::get(coldkey), RootClaimTypeEnum::Keep);
 
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),));
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(
+            RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),
+            BTreeSet::from([netuid])
+        ));
 
         let new_stake: u64 =
             SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid)
@@ -157,7 +161,10 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_drain_emissions() {
             epsilon = 0.001f64,
         );
 
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),));
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(
+            RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),
+            BTreeSet::from([netuid])
+        ));
 
         let new_stake2: u64 =
             SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid)
@@ -241,12 +248,14 @@ fn test_claim_root_adding_stake_proportionally_for_two_stakers() {
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
 
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(
-            alice_coldkey
-        ),));
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(
-            bob_coldkey
-        ),));
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(
+            RuntimeOrigin::signed(alice_coldkey),
+            BTreeSet::from([netuid])
+        ));
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(
+            RuntimeOrigin::signed(bob_coldkey),
+            BTreeSet::from([netuid])
+        ));
 
         // Check stakes
         let validator_take_percent = 0.18f64;
@@ -340,12 +349,14 @@ fn test_claim_root_adding_stake_disproportionally_for_two_stakers() {
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
 
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(
-            alice_coldkey
-        ),));
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(
-            bob_coldkey
-        ),));
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(
+            RuntimeOrigin::signed(alice_coldkey),
+            BTreeSet::from([netuid])
+        ));
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(
+            RuntimeOrigin::signed(bob_coldkey),
+            BTreeSet::from([netuid])
+        ));
 
         // Check stakes
         let validator_take_percent = 0.18f64;
@@ -429,12 +440,14 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_changed_stake() {
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
 
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(
-            alice_coldkey
-        ),));
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(
-            bob_coldkey
-        ),));
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(
+            RuntimeOrigin::signed(alice_coldkey),
+            BTreeSet::from([netuid])
+        ));
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(
+            RuntimeOrigin::signed(bob_coldkey),
+            BTreeSet::from([netuid])
+        ));
 
         // Check stakes
         let validator_take_percent = 0.18f64;
@@ -479,12 +492,14 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_changed_stake() {
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
 
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(
-            alice_coldkey
-        ),));
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(
-            bob_coldkey
-        ),));
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(
+            RuntimeOrigin::signed(alice_coldkey),
+            BTreeSet::from([netuid])
+        ));
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(
+            RuntimeOrigin::signed(bob_coldkey),
+            BTreeSet::from([netuid])
+        ));
 
         // Check new stakes
 
@@ -530,12 +545,14 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_changed_stake() {
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
 
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(
-            alice_coldkey
-        ),));
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(
-            bob_coldkey
-        ),));
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(
+            RuntimeOrigin::signed(alice_coldkey),
+            BTreeSet::from([netuid])
+        ));
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(
+            RuntimeOrigin::signed(bob_coldkey),
+            BTreeSet::from([netuid])
+        ));
 
         // Check new stakes
 
@@ -630,7 +647,10 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_drain_emissions_and_swap_claim_type() {
         ),);
         assert_eq!(RootClaimType::<Test>::get(coldkey), RootClaimTypeEnum::Swap);
 
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),));
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(
+            RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),
+            BTreeSet::from([netuid])
+        ));
 
         // Check new stake
 
@@ -661,7 +681,10 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_drain_emissions_and_swap_claim_type() {
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
 
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),));
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(
+            RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),
+            BTreeSet::from([netuid])
+        ));
 
         // Check new stake (2)
 
@@ -694,7 +717,10 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_drain_emissions_and_swap_claim_type() {
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
 
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),));
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(
+            RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),
+            BTreeSet::from([netuid])
+        ));
 
         // Check new stake (3)
 
@@ -776,7 +802,10 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_run_coinbase() {
         ),);
         assert_eq!(RootClaimType::<Test>::get(coldkey), RootClaimTypeEnum::Keep);
 
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),));
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(
+            RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),
+            BTreeSet::from([netuid])
+        ));
 
         let new_stake: u64 =
             SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid)
@@ -1082,7 +1111,10 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_swap_coldkey() {
         ),);
         assert_eq!(RootClaimType::<Test>::get(coldkey), RootClaimTypeEnum::Keep);
 
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),));
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(
+            RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),
+            BTreeSet::from([netuid])
+        ));
 
         let new_stake: u64 =
             SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid)
@@ -1169,7 +1201,10 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_swap_hotkey() {
         ),);
         assert_eq!(RootClaimType::<Test>::get(coldkey), RootClaimTypeEnum::Keep);
 
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),));
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(
+            RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),
+            BTreeSet::from([netuid])
+        ));
 
         let new_stake: u64 =
             SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid)
@@ -1358,3 +1393,119 @@ fn test_claim_root_threshold() {
         );
     });
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn test_claim_root_subnet_limits() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let coldkey = U256::from(1003);
+
+        assert_err!(
+            SubtensorModule::claim_root(RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey), BTreeSet::new()),
+            Error::<Test>::InvalidSubnetNumber
+        );
+
+        assert_err!(
+            SubtensorModule::claim_root(
+                RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),
+                BTreeSet::from_iter((0u16..=10u16).into_iter().map(NetUid::from))
+            ),
+            Error::<Test>::InvalidSubnetNumber
+        );
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_claim_root_with_unrelated_subnets() {
+    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
+        let owner_coldkey = U256::from(1001);
+        let hotkey = U256::from(1002);
+        let coldkey = U256::from(1003);
+        let netuid = add_dynamic_network(&hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
+
+        SubtensorModule::set_tao_weight(u64::MAX); // Set TAO weight to 1.0
+
+        let root_stake = 2_000_000u64;
+        SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &coldkey,
+            NetUid::ROOT,
+            root_stake.into(),
+        );
+
+        let initial_total_hotkey_alpha = 10_000_000u64;
+        SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &owner_coldkey,
+            netuid,
+            initial_total_hotkey_alpha.into(),
+        );
+
+        let old_validator_stake = SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &owner_coldkey,
+            netuid,
+        );
+        assert_eq!(old_validator_stake, initial_total_hotkey_alpha.into());
+
+        // Distribute pending root alpha
+
+        let pending_root_alpha = 1_000_000u64;
+        SubtensorModule::drain_pending_emission(
+            netuid,
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
+            pending_root_alpha.into(),
+            AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
+        );
+
+        // Claim root alpha
+
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::set_root_claim_type(
+            RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),
+            RootClaimTypeEnum::Keep
+        ),);
+
+        // Claim root alpha on unrelated subnets
+
+        let unrelated_subnet_uid = NetUid::from(100u16);
+
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(
+            RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),
+            BTreeSet::from([unrelated_subnet_uid])
+        ));
+
+        let new_stake: u64 = SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
+            &hotkey,
+            &coldkey,
+            unrelated_subnet_uid,
+        )
+        .into();
+
+        assert_eq!(new_stake, 0u64,);
+
+        // Check root claim for correct subnet
+
+        // before
+        let new_stake: u64 =
+            SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid)
+                .into();
+
+        assert_eq!(new_stake, 0u64,);
+
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(
+            RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),
+            BTreeSet::from([netuid])
+        ));
+
+        // after
+        let new_stake: u64 =
+            SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid)
+                .into();
+
+        assert!(new_stake > 0u64);
+
+        // Check root claimed value saved
+
+        let claimed = RootClaimed::<Test>::get((&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid));
+        assert_eq!(u128::from(new_stake), claimed);
+    });
+}

From c1dde79d2f16046c1b9baf60bea33d5af2509675 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 28 Oct 2025 17:52:33 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 203/218] Set set_coldkey_auto_stake_hotkey to Pays::Yes

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
index 112c81ecf6..773fc16822 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
@@ -2206,7 +2206,7 @@ mod dispatches {
         #[pallet::call_index(114)]
         #[pallet::weight((Weight::from_parts(29_930_000, 0)
 		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(4_u64))
-		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(2_u64)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::No))]
+		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(2_u64)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::Yes))]
         pub fn set_coldkey_auto_stake_hotkey(
             origin: T::RuntimeOrigin,
             netuid: NetUid,

From 8fb03246949a5177370ddde089fb10aa4db04536 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: open-junius <zhou@opentensor.dev>
Date: Tue, 28 Oct 2025 23:10:39 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 204/218] add root owner hotkey

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/genesis.rs | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/genesis.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/genesis.rs
index 746acea936..7bf8ba2a53 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/genesis.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/genesis.rs
@@ -4,15 +4,29 @@ use frame_support::pallet_macros::pallet_section;
 /// This can later be imported into the pallet using [`import_section`].
 #[pallet_section]
 mod genesis {
-    use sp_keyring::Sr25519Keyring;
+    use sp_core::crypto::Pair;
+    use sp_core::sr25519::Pair as Sr25519Pair;
+
     #[pallet::genesis_build]
     impl<T: Config> BuildGenesisConfig for GenesisConfig<T> {
         fn build(&self) {
             // Alice's public key
-            let alice_bytes = Sr25519Keyring::Alice.public();
-            let alice_key =
+            let alice_bytes = sp_keyring::Sr25519Keyring::Alice.public();
+
+            // Create Alice's hotkey from seed string
+            let pair = Sr25519Pair::from_string("//Alice_hk", None)
+                .expect("Alice hotkey pair should be valid");
+            let alice_hk_bytes = pair.public().0;
+
+            let alice_account =
                 T::AccountId::decode(&mut &alice_bytes[..]).expect("Alice account should decode");
-            let subnet_root_owner = prod_or_fast!(DefaultSubnetOwner::<T>::get(), alice_key);
+            let alice_hk_account = T::AccountId::decode(&mut &alice_hk_bytes[..])
+                .expect("Alice hotkey account should decode");
+
+            let subnet_root_owner = prod_or_fast!(DefaultSubnetOwner::<T>::get(), alice_account);
+            let subnet_root_owner_hotkey =
+                prod_or_fast!(DefaultSubnetOwner::<T>::get(), alice_hk_account);
+
             // Set initial total issuance from balances
             TotalIssuance::<T>::put(self.balances_issuance);
 
@@ -25,6 +39,9 @@ mod genesis {
             // Set the root network owner.
             SubnetOwner::<T>::insert(NetUid::ROOT, subnet_root_owner);
 
+            // Set the root network owner hotkey.
+            SubnetOwnerHotkey::<T>::insert(NetUid::ROOT, subnet_root_owner_hotkey);
+
             // Set the number of validators to 1.
             SubnetworkN::<T>::insert(NetUid::ROOT, 0);
 

From 39a8cf422b55e82fe2b9837ef452dd7741924c63 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Reed <87283488+JohnReedV@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 29 Oct 2025 08:37:50 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 205/218] add missing reads

---
 pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs b/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
index 09c91d7a9d..1594fdd3a3 100644
--- a/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
@@ -1013,6 +1013,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
         #[pallet::call_index(33)]
         #[pallet::weight((
             Weight::from_parts(2_875_000, 0)
+                .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(3_u64))
 			    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
             DispatchClass::Operational,
             Pays::Yes
@@ -1144,7 +1145,9 @@ pub mod pallet {
         /// The extrinsic will call the Subtensor pallet to set the weights min stake.
         #[pallet::call_index(42)]
         #[pallet::weight((
-            Weight::from_parts(5_000_000, 0).saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
+            Weight::from_parts(5_000_000, 0)
+            .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(1_u64))
+            .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
             DispatchClass::Operational,
             Pays::Yes
         ))]
@@ -1187,7 +1190,9 @@ pub mod pallet {
         /// The extrinsic will call the Subtensor pallet to set the rate limit for delegate take transactions.
         #[pallet::call_index(45)]
         #[pallet::weight((
-            Weight::from_parts(5_019_000, 0).saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
+            Weight::from_parts(5_019_000, 0)
+            .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(4_u64))
+            .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
             DispatchClass::Operational,
             Pays::Yes
         ))]
@@ -1208,7 +1213,9 @@ pub mod pallet {
         /// The extrinsic will call the Subtensor pallet to set the minimum delegate take.
         #[pallet::call_index(46)]
         #[pallet::weight((
-            Weight::from_parts(7_214_000, 0).saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
+            Weight::from_parts(7_214_000, 0)
+            .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(4_u64))
+            .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
             DispatchClass::Operational,
             Pays::Yes
         ))]
@@ -1264,6 +1271,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
         #[pallet::call_index(50)]
         #[pallet::weight((
             Weight::from_parts(18_300_000, 0)
+                .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(3_u64))
 			    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
             DispatchClass::Normal,
             Pays::Yes
@@ -1338,6 +1346,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
         #[pallet::call_index(54)]
         #[pallet::weight((
             Weight::from_parts(5_000_000, 0)
+                .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(3_u64))
 			    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
             DispatchClass::Operational,
             Pays::Yes
@@ -1375,6 +1384,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
         #[pallet::call_index(55)]
         #[pallet::weight((
             Weight::from_parts(5_000_000, 0)
+                .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(3_u64))
 			    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
             DispatchClass::Operational,
             Pays::Yes
@@ -1508,6 +1518,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
         #[pallet::call_index(61)]
         #[pallet::weight((
             Weight::from_parts(20_460_000, 0)
+                .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(2_u64))
 			    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
             DispatchClass::Normal,
             Pays::Yes
@@ -1580,7 +1591,8 @@ pub mod pallet {
         #[pallet::call_index(62)]
         #[pallet::weight((
             Weight::from_parts(6_392_000, 3507)
-			    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(1_u64)),
+			    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(1_u64))
+                .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
             DispatchClass::Operational,
             Pays::Yes
         ))]
@@ -1614,6 +1626,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
         #[pallet::call_index(63)]
         #[pallet::weight((
             Weight::from_parts(3_000_000, 0)
+                .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(1_u64))
 			    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
             DispatchClass::Operational,
             Pays::Yes
@@ -1667,6 +1680,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
         #[pallet::call_index(65)]
         #[pallet::weight((
             Weight::from_parts(3_918_000, 0)
+                .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(1_u64))
 			    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
             DispatchClass::Operational,
             Pays::Yes
@@ -1753,6 +1767,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
         #[pallet::call_index(69)]
         #[pallet::weight((
             Weight::from_parts(20_460_000, 0)
+                .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(2_u64))
 			    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
             DispatchClass::Normal,
             Pays::Yes
@@ -1791,6 +1806,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
         #[pallet::call_index(70)]
         #[pallet::weight((
             Weight::from_parts(22_340_000, 0)
+                .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(2_u64))
 			    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
             DispatchClass::Normal,
             Pays::Yes
@@ -1878,6 +1894,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
         #[pallet::call_index(66)]
         #[pallet::weight((
             Weight::from_parts(17_980_000, 0)
+                .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(2_u64))
 			    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
             DispatchClass::Operational,
             Pays::Yes

From 733f8b3d548af15aef27434f15b4a95035b783c7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Greg Zaitsev <gregz@opentensor.dev>
Date: Wed, 29 Oct 2025 21:29:52 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 206/218] Fix ema flow

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/subnet_emissions.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/subnet_emissions.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/subnet_emissions.rs
index 8006feadd2..999d8cb17a 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/subnet_emissions.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/subnet_emissions.rs
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             // EMA flow already initialized
             if last_block != current_block {
                 let flow_alpha = I64F64::saturating_from_num(FlowEmaSmoothingFactor::<T>::get())
-                    .safe_div(I64F64::saturating_from_num(u16::MAX));
+                    .safe_div(I64F64::saturating_from_num(u64::MAX));
                 let one = I64F64::saturating_from_num(1);
                 let ema_flow = (one.saturating_sub(flow_alpha))
                     .saturating_mul(last_block_ema)

From 2fdbe92be7bb460e79372ba81b0f2d2eca3ea14b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sam Johnson <sam@durosoft.com>
Date: Wed, 29 Oct 2025 16:42:09 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 207/218] bump spec version

---
 runtime/src/lib.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/runtime/src/lib.rs b/runtime/src/lib.rs
index 3232626a01..253aea4709 100644
--- a/runtime/src/lib.rs
+++ b/runtime/src/lib.rs
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ pub const VERSION: RuntimeVersion = RuntimeVersion {
     //   `spec_version`, and `authoring_version` are the same between Wasm and native.
     // This value is set to 100 to notify Polkadot-JS App (https://polkadot.js.org/apps) to use
     //   the compatible custom types.
-    spec_version: 331,
+    spec_version: 332,
     impl_version: 1,
     apis: RUNTIME_API_VERSIONS,
     transaction_version: 1,

From ab5d88bb075b6dd699d7cc9b22d1ae7791651c17 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Greg Zaitsev <gregz@opentensor.dev>
Date: Wed, 29 Oct 2025 22:16:20 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 208/218] Fix DefaultFlowEmaSmoothingFactor (should be i64
 normalized)

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/subnet_emissions.rs | 2 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs                       | 8 ++++----
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/subnet_emissions.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/subnet_emissions.rs
index 999d8cb17a..3677b96f97 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/subnet_emissions.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/subnet_emissions.rs
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             // EMA flow already initialized
             if last_block != current_block {
                 let flow_alpha = I64F64::saturating_from_num(FlowEmaSmoothingFactor::<T>::get())
-                    .safe_div(I64F64::saturating_from_num(u64::MAX));
+                    .safe_div(I64F64::saturating_from_num(i64::MAX));
                 let one = I64F64::saturating_from_num(1);
                 let ema_flow = (one.saturating_sub(flow_alpha))
                     .saturating_mul(last_block_ema)
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
index 5dbdcddb9d..93d082f4a6 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
@@ -1302,10 +1302,10 @@ pub mod pallet {
     /// Default value for flow EMA smoothing.
     pub fn DefaultFlowEmaSmoothingFactor<T: Config>() -> u64 {
         // Example values:
-        //   half-life            factor value        u64 normalized
-        //   216000 (1 month) --> 0.000003209009576 ( 59_195_778_378_555)
-        //    50400 (1 week)  --> 0.000013752825678 (253_694_855_576_670)
-        59_195_778_378_555
+        //   half-life            factor value        i64 normalized
+        //   216000 (1 month) --> 0.000003209009576 ( 29_597_889_189_277)
+        //    50400 (1 week)  --> 0.000013752825678 (126_847_427_788_335)
+        29_597_889_189_277
     }
     #[pallet::type_value]
     /// Flow EMA smoothing half-life.

From d7eec7a4e58ca406e3b7b784439985d2ee535083 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Greg Zaitsev <gregz@opentensor.dev>
Date: Wed, 29 Oct 2025 22:21:20 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 209/218] Spec bump

---
 runtime/src/lib.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/runtime/src/lib.rs b/runtime/src/lib.rs
index 3232626a01..a4ee4a3b93 100644
--- a/runtime/src/lib.rs
+++ b/runtime/src/lib.rs
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ pub const VERSION: RuntimeVersion = RuntimeVersion {
     //   `spec_version`, and `authoring_version` are the same between Wasm and native.
     // This value is set to 100 to notify Polkadot-JS App (https://polkadot.js.org/apps) to use
     //   the compatible custom types.
-    spec_version: 331,
+    spec_version: 333,
     impl_version: 1,
     apis: RUNTIME_API_VERSIONS,
     transaction_version: 1,

From 7aae75fe36c659c6ab34a9c2cb5fb9e6d19411b2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" <github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 30 Oct 2025 14:10:11 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 210/218] auto-update benchmark weights

---
 pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs | 22 +++++++++++-----------
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs b/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
index f2b5b9cb3e..c0ac656030 100644
--- a/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/admin-utils/src/lib.rs
@@ -1013,7 +1013,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
         #[pallet::call_index(33)]
         #[pallet::weight((
             Weight::from_parts(2_875_000, 0)
-                .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(3_u64))
+                .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(0_u64))
 			    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
             DispatchClass::Operational,
             Pays::Yes
@@ -1146,7 +1146,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
         #[pallet::call_index(42)]
         #[pallet::weight((
             Weight::from_parts(5_000_000, 0)
-            .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(1_u64))
+            .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(0_u64))
             .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
             DispatchClass::Operational,
             Pays::Yes
@@ -1191,7 +1191,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
         #[pallet::call_index(45)]
         #[pallet::weight((
             Weight::from_parts(5_019_000, 0)
-            .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(4_u64))
+            .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(0_u64))
             .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
             DispatchClass::Operational,
             Pays::Yes
@@ -1214,7 +1214,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
         #[pallet::call_index(46)]
         #[pallet::weight((
             Weight::from_parts(7_214_000, 0)
-            .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(4_u64))
+            .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(0_u64))
             .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
             DispatchClass::Operational,
             Pays::Yes
@@ -1271,7 +1271,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
         #[pallet::call_index(50)]
         #[pallet::weight((
             Weight::from_parts(18_300_000, 0)
-                .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(3_u64))
+                .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(2_u64))
 			    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
             DispatchClass::Normal,
             Pays::Yes
@@ -1346,7 +1346,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
         #[pallet::call_index(54)]
         #[pallet::weight((
             Weight::from_parts(5_000_000, 0)
-                .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(3_u64))
+                .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(0_u64))
 			    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
             DispatchClass::Operational,
             Pays::Yes
@@ -1384,7 +1384,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
         #[pallet::call_index(55)]
         #[pallet::weight((
             Weight::from_parts(5_000_000, 0)
-                .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(3_u64))
+                .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(0_u64))
 			    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
             DispatchClass::Operational,
             Pays::Yes
@@ -1592,7 +1592,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
         #[pallet::weight((
             Weight::from_parts(10_020_000, 3507)
 			    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(1_u64))
-                .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
+                .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(0_u64)),
             DispatchClass::Operational,
             Pays::Yes
         ))]
@@ -1626,7 +1626,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
         #[pallet::call_index(63)]
         #[pallet::weight((
             Weight::from_parts(3_000_000, 0)
-                .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(1_u64))
+                .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(0_u64))
 			    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
             DispatchClass::Operational,
             Pays::Yes
@@ -1680,7 +1680,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
         #[pallet::call_index(65)]
         #[pallet::weight((
             Weight::from_parts(6_201_000, 0)
-                .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(1_u64))
+                .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(0_u64))
 			    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
             DispatchClass::Operational,
             Pays::Yes
@@ -1805,7 +1805,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
         /// This function has a fixed weight of 0 and is classified as an operational transaction that does not incur any fees.
         #[pallet::call_index(70)]
         #[pallet::weight((
-            Weight::from_parts(22_340_000, 0)
+            Weight::from_parts(32_930_000, 0)
                 .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(2_u64))
 			    .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1_u64)),
             DispatchClass::Normal,

From acb08680911aee29e05ab538ed6281467be5b146 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Cameron Fairchild <c@latent.to>
Date: Thu, 30 Oct 2025 10:27:41 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 211/218] add note about ink v6 support

---
 docs/wasm-contracts.md | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/docs/wasm-contracts.md b/docs/wasm-contracts.md
index 95a08af738..df0313c7da 100644
--- a/docs/wasm-contracts.md
+++ b/docs/wasm-contracts.md
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@ For general smart contract development on Subtensor, please refer to the officia
 - [ink! Getting Started Guide](https://use.ink/docs/v5/getting-started/setup)
 - [ink! Examples](https://github.com/use-ink/ink-examples/tree/v5.x.x)
 
+> [!NOTE]
+> ink! `>= 6.0` drops support for `pallet-contracts`, please use `ink < 6.0`.
+> See: https://github.com/use-ink/ink/releases/tag/v6.0.0-alpha
+
 ## Subtensor-Specific Features
 
 ### Chain Extension

From 0cef978dbc2127292ea986f159a922a6fabed5f5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Cameron Fairchild <c@latent.to>
Date: Thu, 30 Oct 2025 10:29:55 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 212/218] use new line and warning

---
 docs/wasm-contracts.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/docs/wasm-contracts.md b/docs/wasm-contracts.md
index df0313c7da..ed6e9ecdd3 100644
--- a/docs/wasm-contracts.md
+++ b/docs/wasm-contracts.md
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ For general smart contract development on Subtensor, please refer to the officia
 - [ink! Getting Started Guide](https://use.ink/docs/v5/getting-started/setup)
 - [ink! Examples](https://github.com/use-ink/ink-examples/tree/v5.x.x)
 
-> [!NOTE]
+> [!WARNING]
 > ink! `>= 6.0` drops support for `pallet-contracts`, please use `ink < 6.0`.
 > See: https://github.com/use-ink/ink/releases/tag/v6.0.0-alpha
 

From 742c4aa41e52999a1b02f4e90f6ee817675cfae9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 31 Oct 2025 12:02:04 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 213/218] Disable root claim fees.

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
index 0ffbeb4b54..a87cb8812a 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                     netuid,
                     owed_u64.into(),
                     T::SwapInterface::min_price::<TaoCurrency>(),
-                    false,
+                    true,
                 ) {
                     Ok(owed_tao) => owed_tao,
                     Err(err) => {

From 989944be7e2dbde60d8333fdaeed71a99ee9e8f1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 31 Oct 2025 14:07:46 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 214/218] Remove claim root on network deregistration

- change RootClaimed key order
---
 pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs                |  2 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs | 51 ++++++------------
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs   | 58 +++++++++------------
 runtime/src/lib.rs                          |  2 +-
 4 files changed, 42 insertions(+), 71 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
index 93d082f4a6..edf1a5d1cc 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
@@ -1962,9 +1962,9 @@ pub mod pallet {
     pub type RootClaimed<T: Config> = StorageNMap<
         _,
         (
+            NMapKey<Identity, NetUid>,               // subnet
             NMapKey<Blake2_128Concat, T::AccountId>, // hot
             NMapKey<Blake2_128Concat, T::AccountId>, // cold
-            NMapKey<Identity, NetUid>,               // subnet
         ),
         u128,
         ValueQuery,
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
index 0ffbeb4b54..7d69bced72 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/staking/claim_root.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use super::*;
 use frame_support::weights::Weight;
 use sp_core::Get;
 use sp_std::collections::btree_set::BTreeSet;
-use substrate_fixed::types::{I96F32, U64F64};
+use substrate_fixed::types::I96F32;
 use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
 
 impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
 
         // Attain the root claimed to avoid overclaiming.
         let root_claimed: I96F32 =
-            I96F32::saturating_from_num(RootClaimed::<T>::get((hotkey, coldkey, netuid)));
+            I96F32::saturating_from_num(RootClaimed::<T>::get((netuid, hotkey, coldkey)));
 
         // Subtract the already claimed alpha.
         let owed: I96F32 = claimable.saturating_sub(root_claimed);
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         };
 
         // Increase root claimed by owed amount.
-        RootClaimed::<T>::mutate((hotkey, coldkey, netuid), |root_claimed| {
+        RootClaimed::<T>::mutate((netuid, hotkey, coldkey), |root_claimed| {
             *root_claimed = root_claimed.saturating_add(owed_u64.into());
         });
     }
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         let root_claimable = RootClaimable::<T>::get(hotkey);
         for (netuid, claimable_rate) in root_claimable.iter() {
             // Get current staker root claimed value.
-            let root_claimed: u128 = RootClaimed::<T>::get((hotkey, coldkey, netuid));
+            let root_claimed: u128 = RootClaimed::<T>::get((netuid, hotkey, coldkey));
 
             // Increase root claimed based on the claimable rate.
             let new_root_claimed = root_claimed.saturating_add(
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             );
 
             // Set the new root claimed value.
-            RootClaimed::<T>::insert((hotkey, coldkey, netuid), new_root_claimed);
+            RootClaimed::<T>::insert((netuid, hotkey, coldkey), new_root_claimed);
         }
     }
 
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             }
 
             // Get current staker root claimed value.
-            let root_claimed: u128 = RootClaimed::<T>::get((hotkey, coldkey, netuid));
+            let root_claimed: u128 = RootClaimed::<T>::get((netuid, hotkey, coldkey));
 
             // Decrease root claimed based on the claimable rate.
             let new_root_claimed = root_claimed.saturating_sub(
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             );
 
             // Set the new root_claimed value.
-            RootClaimed::<T>::insert((hotkey, coldkey, netuid), new_root_claimed);
+            RootClaimed::<T>::insert((netuid, hotkey, coldkey), new_root_claimed);
         }
     }
 
@@ -359,10 +359,10 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         old_coldkey: &T::AccountId,
         new_coldkey: &T::AccountId,
     ) {
-        let old_root_claimed = RootClaimed::<T>::get((old_hotkey, old_coldkey, netuid));
-        RootClaimed::<T>::remove((old_hotkey, old_coldkey, netuid));
+        let old_root_claimed = RootClaimed::<T>::get((netuid, old_hotkey, old_coldkey));
+        RootClaimed::<T>::remove((netuid, old_hotkey, old_coldkey));
 
-        RootClaimed::<T>::mutate((new_hotkey, new_coldkey, netuid), |new_root_claimed| {
+        RootClaimed::<T>::mutate((netuid, new_hotkey, new_coldkey), |new_root_claimed| {
             *new_root_claimed = old_root_claimed.saturating_add(*new_root_claimed);
         });
     }
@@ -386,35 +386,14 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
 
     /// Claim all root dividends for subnet and remove all associated data.
     pub fn finalize_all_subnet_root_dividends(netuid: NetUid) {
-        let mut hotkeys_to_clear = BTreeSet::new();
-        for (hotkey, root_claimable) in RootClaimable::<T>::iter() {
-            if root_claimable.contains_key(&netuid) {
-                let alpha_values: Vec<((T::AccountId, NetUid), U64F64)> =
-                    Alpha::<T>::iter_prefix((&hotkey,)).collect();
-
-                for ((coldkey, alpha_netuid), _) in alpha_values.into_iter() {
-                    if alpha_netuid == NetUid::ROOT {
-                        Self::root_claim_on_subnet(
-                            &hotkey,
-                            &coldkey,
-                            netuid,
-                            RootClaimTypeEnum::Swap,
-                            true,
-                        );
-
-                        RootClaimed::<T>::remove((hotkey.clone(), coldkey, netuid));
-                        if !hotkeys_to_clear.contains(&hotkey) {
-                            hotkeys_to_clear.insert(hotkey.clone());
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
+        let hotkeys = RootClaimable::<T>::iter_keys().collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
-        for hotkey in hotkeys_to_clear.into_iter() {
-            RootClaimable::<T>::mutate(&hotkey, |claimable| {
+        for hotkey in hotkeys.iter() {
+            RootClaimable::<T>::mutate(hotkey, |claimable| {
                 claimable.remove(&netuid);
             });
         }
+
+        let _ = RootClaimed::<T>::clear_prefix((netuid,), u32::MAX, None);
     }
 }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
index e8a295ae0d..e73417a326 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/claim_root.rs
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_drain_emissions() {
 
         // Check root claimed value saved
 
-        let claimed = RootClaimed::<Test>::get((&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid));
+        let claimed = RootClaimed::<Test>::get((netuid, &hotkey, &coldkey));
         assert_eq!(u128::from(new_stake), claimed);
 
         // Distribute pending root alpha (round 2)
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_drain_emissions() {
 
         // Check root claimed value saved (round 2)
 
-        let claimed = RootClaimed::<Test>::get((&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid));
+        let claimed = RootClaimed::<Test>::get((netuid, &hotkey, &coldkey));
         assert_eq!(u128::from(u64::from(new_stake2)), claimed);
     });
 }
@@ -1125,11 +1125,11 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_swap_coldkey() {
 
         assert_eq!(
             u128::from(new_stake),
-            RootClaimed::<Test>::get((&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid))
+            RootClaimed::<Test>::get((netuid, &hotkey, &coldkey))
         );
         assert_eq!(
             0u128,
-            RootClaimed::<Test>::get((&hotkey, &new_coldkey, netuid))
+            RootClaimed::<Test>::get((netuid, &hotkey, &new_coldkey))
         );
 
         // Swap coldkey
@@ -1143,10 +1143,10 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_swap_coldkey() {
 
         // Check swapped keys claimed values
 
-        assert_eq!(0u128, RootClaimed::<Test>::get((&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid)));
+        assert_eq!(0u128, RootClaimed::<Test>::get((netuid, &hotkey, &coldkey)));
         assert_eq!(
             u128::from(new_stake),
-            RootClaimed::<Test>::get((&hotkey, &new_coldkey, netuid))
+            RootClaimed::<Test>::get((netuid, &hotkey, &new_coldkey,))
         );
     });
 }
@@ -1215,11 +1215,11 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_swap_hotkey() {
 
         assert_eq!(
             u128::from(new_stake),
-            RootClaimed::<Test>::get((&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid))
+            RootClaimed::<Test>::get((netuid, &hotkey, &coldkey,))
         );
         assert_eq!(
             0u128,
-            RootClaimed::<Test>::get((&new_hotkey, &coldkey, netuid))
+            RootClaimed::<Test>::get((netuid, &new_hotkey, &coldkey,))
         );
 
         let _old_claimable = *RootClaimable::<Test>::get(hotkey)
@@ -1239,10 +1239,13 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_swap_hotkey() {
 
         // Check swapped keys claimed values
 
-        assert_eq!(0u128, RootClaimed::<Test>::get((&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid)));
+        assert_eq!(
+            0u128,
+            RootClaimed::<Test>::get((netuid, &hotkey, &coldkey,))
+        );
         assert_eq!(
             u128::from(new_stake),
-            RootClaimed::<Test>::get((&new_hotkey, &coldkey, netuid))
+            RootClaimed::<Test>::get((netuid, &new_hotkey, &coldkey,))
         );
 
         assert!(!RootClaimable::<Test>::get(hotkey).contains_key(&netuid));
@@ -1281,7 +1284,6 @@ fn test_claim_root_on_network_deregistration() {
             NetUid::ROOT,
             root_stake.into(),
         );
-        let root_stake_rate = 0.1f64;
         SubtensorModule::increase_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
             &hotkey,
             &other_coldkey,
@@ -1307,33 +1309,23 @@ fn test_claim_root_on_network_deregistration() {
             AlphaCurrency::ZERO,
         );
 
-        // Claim root via network deregistration
-
-        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::do_dissolve_network(netuid));
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::claim_root(
+            RuntimeOrigin::signed(coldkey),
+            BTreeSet::from([netuid])
+        ));
 
-        // Check new stake
-        let validator_take_percent = 0.18f64;
+        assert!(RootClaimable::<Test>::get(hotkey).contains_key(&netuid));
 
-        let new_stake: u64 = SubtensorModule::get_stake_for_hotkey_and_coldkey_on_subnet(
-            &hotkey,
-            &coldkey,
-            NetUid::ROOT,
-        )
-        .into();
+        assert!(RootClaimed::<Test>::contains_key((
+            netuid, &hotkey, &coldkey,
+        )));
 
-        let estimated_stake_increment = (pending_root_alpha as f64)
-            * (1f64 - validator_take_percent)
-            * current_price
-            * root_stake_rate;
+        // Claim root via network deregistration
 
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(
-            new_stake,
-            root_stake + estimated_stake_increment as u64,
-            epsilon = 10000u64,
-        );
+        assert_ok!(SubtensorModule::do_dissolve_network(netuid));
 
         assert!(!RootClaimed::<Test>::contains_key((
-            &hotkey, &coldkey, netuid
+            netuid, &hotkey, &coldkey,
         )));
         assert!(!RootClaimable::<Test>::get(hotkey).contains_key(&netuid));
     });
@@ -1505,7 +1497,7 @@ fn test_claim_root_with_unrelated_subnets() {
 
         // Check root claimed value saved
 
-        let claimed = RootClaimed::<Test>::get((&hotkey, &coldkey, netuid));
+        let claimed = RootClaimed::<Test>::get((netuid, &hotkey, &coldkey));
         assert_eq!(u128::from(new_stake), claimed);
     });
 }
diff --git a/runtime/src/lib.rs b/runtime/src/lib.rs
index a4ee4a3b93..d8277164e2 100644
--- a/runtime/src/lib.rs
+++ b/runtime/src/lib.rs
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ pub const VERSION: RuntimeVersion = RuntimeVersion {
     //   `spec_version`, and `authoring_version` are the same between Wasm and native.
     // This value is set to 100 to notify Polkadot-JS App (https://polkadot.js.org/apps) to use
     //   the compatible custom types.
-    spec_version: 333,
+    spec_version: 334,
     impl_version: 1,
     apis: RUNTIME_API_VERSIONS,
     transaction_version: 1,

From e4da0529bceb1d8951f7c971ef6afa857a8fc22b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shamil Gadelshin <shamilgadelshin@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 3 Nov 2025 18:57:26 +0700
Subject: [PATCH 215/218] Bump chain spec version.

---
 runtime/src/lib.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/runtime/src/lib.rs b/runtime/src/lib.rs
index a4ee4a3b93..d8277164e2 100644
--- a/runtime/src/lib.rs
+++ b/runtime/src/lib.rs
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ pub const VERSION: RuntimeVersion = RuntimeVersion {
     //   `spec_version`, and `authoring_version` are the same between Wasm and native.
     // This value is set to 100 to notify Polkadot-JS App (https://polkadot.js.org/apps) to use
     //   the compatible custom types.
-    spec_version: 333,
+    spec_version: 334,
     impl_version: 1,
     apis: RUNTIME_API_VERSIONS,
     transaction_version: 1,

From c6cfaeb14ee407ae291d48832f10cc416fe35103 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" <github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 3 Nov 2025 15:53:08 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 216/218] auto-update benchmark weights

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs | 28 +++++++++++-----------
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
index af497958a2..7885e92552 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/dispatches.rs
@@ -712,8 +712,8 @@ mod dispatches {
         ///
         #[pallet::call_index(2)]
         #[pallet::weight((Weight::from_parts(340_800_000, 0)
-		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(24_u64))
-		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(15)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::Yes))]
+		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(25_u64))
+		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(16_u64)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::Yes))]
         pub fn add_stake(
             origin: OriginFor<T>,
             hotkey: T::AccountId,
@@ -1587,8 +1587,8 @@ mod dispatches {
         ///     - Thrown if key has hit transaction rate limit
         #[pallet::call_index(84)]
         #[pallet::weight((Weight::from_parts(358_500_000, 0)
-        .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(39_u64))
-        .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(24_u64)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::Yes))]
+        .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(41_u64))
+        .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(26_u64)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::Yes))]
         pub fn unstake_all_alpha(origin: OriginFor<T>, hotkey: T::AccountId) -> DispatchResult {
             Self::do_unstake_all_alpha(origin, hotkey)
         }
@@ -1701,8 +1701,8 @@ mod dispatches {
         #[pallet::call_index(87)]
         #[pallet::weight((
             Weight::from_parts(351_300_000, 0)
-            .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(35_u64))
-            .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(22_u64)),
+            .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(37_u64))
+            .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(24_u64)),
             DispatchClass::Normal,
             Pays::Yes
         ))]
@@ -1766,8 +1766,8 @@ mod dispatches {
         ///
         #[pallet::call_index(88)]
         #[pallet::weight((Weight::from_parts(402_900_000, 0)
-		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(24_u64))
-		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(15)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::Yes))]
+		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(25_u64))
+		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(16_u64)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::Yes))]
         pub fn add_stake_limit(
             origin: OriginFor<T>,
             hotkey: T::AccountId,
@@ -1830,8 +1830,8 @@ mod dispatches {
         ///
         #[pallet::call_index(89)]
         #[pallet::weight((Weight::from_parts(377_400_000, 0)
-		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(28_u64))
-		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(14)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::Yes))]
+		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(29_u64))
+		.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(15_u64)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::Yes))]
         pub fn remove_stake_limit(
             origin: OriginFor<T>,
             hotkey: T::AccountId,
@@ -1874,8 +1874,8 @@ mod dispatches {
         #[pallet::call_index(90)]
         #[pallet::weight((
             Weight::from_parts(411_500_000, 0)
-            .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(35_u64))
-            .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(22_u64)),
+            .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(37_u64))
+            .saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(24_u64)),
             DispatchClass::Normal,
             Pays::Yes
         ))]
@@ -2052,8 +2052,8 @@ mod dispatches {
         /// Without limit_price it remove all the stake similar to `remove_stake` extrinsic
         #[pallet::call_index(103)]
         #[pallet::weight((Weight::from_parts(395_300_000, 10142)
-			.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(28_u64))
-			.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(14_u64)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::Yes))]
+			.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(29_u64))
+			.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(15_u64)), DispatchClass::Normal, Pays::Yes))]
         pub fn remove_stake_full_limit(
             origin: T::RuntimeOrigin,
             hotkey: T::AccountId,

From 0d66053d30a0d9d9845d596a62108a343a8b7d7e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Greg Zaitsev <gregz@opentensor.dev>
Date: Mon, 3 Nov 2025 13:22:57 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 217/218] Init flows instead of transition, set temperature =
 1.0

---
 .../src/coinbase/subnet_emissions.rs          |  91 ++--------------
 pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs                  |   8 +-
 pallets/subtensor/src/macros/hooks.rs         |   2 -
 .../migrate_set_first_tao_flow_block.rs       |  38 -------
 pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/mod.rs       |   1 -
 pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs       |  25 ++---
 .../subtensor/src/tests/subnet_emissions.rs   | 100 ------------------
 7 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 245 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_set_first_tao_flow_block.rs

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/subnet_emissions.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/subnet_emissions.rs
index 3677b96f97..58335ac62c 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/subnet_emissions.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/subnet_emissions.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ use alloc::collections::BTreeMap;
 use safe_math::FixedExt;
 use substrate_fixed::transcendental::{exp, ln};
 use substrate_fixed::types::{I32F32, I64F64, U64F64, U96F32};
+use subtensor_swap_interface::SwapHandler;
 
 impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
     pub fn get_subnet_block_emissions(
@@ -73,8 +74,12 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
                 last_block_ema
             }
         } else {
-            // Initialize EMA flow, set S(current_block) = 0
-            let ema_flow = I64F64::saturating_from_num(0);
+            // Initialize EMA flow, set S(current_block) = min(price, ema_price) * init_factor
+            let init_factor = I64F64::saturating_from_num(1.);
+            let moving_price = I64F64::saturating_from_num(Self::get_moving_alpha_price(netuid));
+            let current_price =
+                I64F64::saturating_from_num(T::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid));
+            let ema_flow = moving_price.min(current_price).saturating_mul(init_factor);
             SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<T>::insert(netuid, (current_block, ema_flow));
             ema_flow
         }
@@ -206,88 +211,8 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
         offset_flows
     }
 
-    // DEPRECATED: Implementation of shares that uses EMA prices will be gradually deprecated
-    fn get_shares_price_ema(subnets_to_emit_to: &[NetUid]) -> BTreeMap<NetUid, U64F64> {
-        // Get sum of alpha moving prices
-        let total_moving_prices = subnets_to_emit_to
-            .iter()
-            .map(|netuid| U64F64::saturating_from_num(Self::get_moving_alpha_price(*netuid)))
-            .fold(U64F64::saturating_from_num(0.0), |acc, ema| {
-                acc.saturating_add(ema)
-            });
-        log::debug!("total_moving_prices: {total_moving_prices:?}");
-
-        // Calculate shares.
-        subnets_to_emit_to
-            .iter()
-            .map(|netuid| {
-                let moving_price =
-                    U64F64::saturating_from_num(Self::get_moving_alpha_price(*netuid));
-                log::debug!("moving_price_i: {moving_price:?}");
-
-                let share = moving_price
-                    .checked_div(total_moving_prices)
-                    .unwrap_or(U64F64::saturating_from_num(0));
-
-                (*netuid, share)
-            })
-            .collect::<BTreeMap<NetUid, U64F64>>()
-    }
-
     // Combines ema price method and tao flow method linearly over FlowHalfLife blocks
     pub(crate) fn get_shares(subnets_to_emit_to: &[NetUid]) -> BTreeMap<NetUid, U64F64> {
-        let current_block: u64 = Self::get_current_block_as_u64();
-
-        // Weight of tao flow method
-        let period = FlowHalfLife::<T>::get();
-        let one = U64F64::saturating_from_num(1);
-        let zero = U64F64::saturating_from_num(0);
-        let tao_flow_weight = if let Some(start_block) = FlowFirstBlock::<T>::get() {
-            if (current_block > start_block) && (current_block < start_block.saturating_add(period))
-            {
-                // Combination period in progress
-                let start_fixed = U64F64::saturating_from_num(start_block);
-                let current_fixed = U64F64::saturating_from_num(current_block);
-                let period_fixed = U64F64::saturating_from_num(period);
-                current_fixed
-                    .saturating_sub(start_fixed)
-                    .safe_div(period_fixed)
-            } else if current_block >= start_block.saturating_add(period) {
-                // Over combination period
-                one
-            } else {
-                // Not yet in combination period
-                zero
-            }
-        } else {
-            zero
-        };
-
-        // Get shares for each method as needed
-        let shares_flow = if tao_flow_weight > zero {
-            Self::get_shares_flow(subnets_to_emit_to)
-        } else {
-            BTreeMap::new()
-        };
-
-        let shares_prices = if tao_flow_weight < one {
-            Self::get_shares_price_ema(subnets_to_emit_to)
-        } else {
-            BTreeMap::new()
-        };
-
-        // Combine
-        let mut shares_combined = BTreeMap::new();
-        for netuid in subnets_to_emit_to.iter() {
-            let share_flow = shares_flow.get(netuid).unwrap_or(&zero);
-            let share_prices = shares_prices.get(netuid).unwrap_or(&zero);
-            shares_combined.insert(
-                *netuid,
-                share_flow.saturating_mul(tao_flow_weight).saturating_add(
-                    share_prices.saturating_mul(one.saturating_sub(tao_flow_weight)),
-                ),
-            );
-        }
-        shares_combined
+        Self::get_shares_flow(subnets_to_emit_to)
     }
 }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
index 93d082f4a6..bfd0e7235b 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/lib.rs
@@ -88,7 +88,6 @@ pub mod pallet {
     use frame_system::pallet_prelude::*;
     use pallet_drand::types::RoundNumber;
     use runtime_common::prod_or_fast;
-    use safe_math::FixedExt;
     use sp_core::{ConstU32, H160, H256};
     use sp_runtime::traits::{Dispatchable, TrailingZeroInput};
     use sp_std::collections::btree_map::BTreeMap;
@@ -1292,7 +1291,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
     #[pallet::type_value]
     /// Default value for flow normalization exponent.
     pub fn DefaultFlowNormExponent<T: Config>() -> U64F64 {
-        U64F64::saturating_from_num(15).safe_div(U64F64::saturating_from_num(10))
+        U64F64::saturating_from_num(1)
     }
     #[pallet::storage]
     /// --- ITEM --> Flow Normalization Exponent (p)
@@ -1302,7 +1301,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
     /// Default value for flow EMA smoothing.
     pub fn DefaultFlowEmaSmoothingFactor<T: Config>() -> u64 {
         // Example values:
-        //   half-life            factor value        i64 normalized
+        //   half-life            factor value        i64 normalized (x 2^63)
         //   216000 (1 month) --> 0.000003209009576 ( 29_597_889_189_277)
         //    50400 (1 week)  --> 0.000013752825678 (126_847_427_788_335)
         29_597_889_189_277
@@ -1316,9 +1315,6 @@ pub mod pallet {
     /// --- ITEM --> Flow EMA smoothing factor (flow alpha), u64 normalized
     pub type FlowEmaSmoothingFactor<T: Config> =
         StorageValue<_, u64, ValueQuery, DefaultFlowEmaSmoothingFactor<T>>;
-    #[pallet::storage]
-    /// --- ITEM --> Block when TAO flow calculation starts(ed)
-    pub type FlowFirstBlock<T: Config> = StorageValue<_, u64, OptionQuery>;
 
     /// ============================
     /// ==== Global Parameters =====
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/hooks.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/hooks.rs
index a4cdbfbe94..87a87e911c 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/hooks.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/macros/hooks.rs
@@ -158,8 +158,6 @@ mod hooks {
                 .saturating_add(migrations::migrate_auto_stake_destination::migrate_auto_stake_destination::<T>())
                 // Migrate Kappa to default (0.5)
                 .saturating_add(migrations::migrate_kappa_map_to_default::migrate_kappa_map_to_default::<T>())
-                // Set the first block of tao flow
-                .saturating_add(migrations::migrate_set_first_tao_flow_block::migrate_set_first_tao_flow_block::<T>())
                 // Remove obsolete map entries
                 .saturating_add(migrations::migrate_remove_tao_dividends::migrate_remove_tao_dividends::<T>());
             weight
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_set_first_tao_flow_block.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_set_first_tao_flow_block.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 99c10b99ba..0000000000
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/migrate_set_first_tao_flow_block.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-use super::*;
-use crate::HasMigrationRun;
-use frame_support::{traits::Get, weights::Weight};
-use scale_info::prelude::string::String;
-
-pub fn migrate_set_first_tao_flow_block<T: Config>() -> Weight {
-    let migration_name = b"migrate_set_first_tao_flow_block".to_vec();
-
-    let mut weight = T::DbWeight::get().reads(1);
-    if HasMigrationRun::<T>::get(&migration_name) {
-        log::info!(
-            "Migration '{:?}' has already run. Skipping.",
-            String::from_utf8_lossy(&migration_name)
-        );
-        return weight;
-    }
-
-    log::info!(
-        "Running migration '{:?}'",
-        String::from_utf8_lossy(&migration_name)
-    );
-
-    // Actual migration
-    let current_block = Pallet::<T>::get_current_block_as_u64();
-    FlowFirstBlock::<T>::set(Some(current_block));
-    weight = weight.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(1, 1));
-
-    // Mark Migration as Completed
-    HasMigrationRun::<T>::insert(&migration_name, true);
-    weight = weight.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(2));
-
-    log::info!(
-        "Migration '{:?}' completed successfully.",
-        String::from_utf8_lossy(&migration_name)
-    );
-
-    weight
-}
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/mod.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/mod.rs
index 2313870244..d95e4c7bac 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/mod.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/migrations/mod.rs
@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@ pub mod migrate_remove_zero_total_hotkey_alpha;
 pub mod migrate_reset_bonds_moving_average;
 pub mod migrate_reset_max_burn;
 pub mod migrate_set_first_emission_block_number;
-pub mod migrate_set_first_tao_flow_block;
 pub mod migrate_set_min_burn;
 pub mod migrate_set_min_difficulty;
 pub mod migrate_set_nominator_min_stake;
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs
index 75d4cc3ce9..2d0376c896 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/coinbase.rs
@@ -127,7 +127,6 @@ fn test_coinbase_tao_issuance_base_low_flow() {
         // 100% tao flow method
         let block_num = FlowHalfLife::<Test>::get();
         SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<Test>::insert(netuid, (block_num, I64F64::from_num(1_000_000_000)));
-        FlowFirstBlock::<Test>::set(Some(0_u64));
         System::set_block_number(block_num);
 
         let tao_in_before = SubnetTAO::<Test>::get(netuid);
@@ -237,12 +236,12 @@ fn test_coinbase_tao_issuance_different_prices() {
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(
             SubnetTAO::<Test>::get(netuid1),
             TaoCurrency::from(initial_tao + emission / 3),
-            epsilon = 1.into(),
+            epsilon = 10.into(),
         );
         assert_abs_diff_eq!(
             SubnetTAO::<Test>::get(netuid2),
             TaoCurrency::from(initial_tao + 2 * emission / 3),
-            epsilon = 1.into(),
+            epsilon = 10.into(),
         );
 
         // Prices are low => we limit tao issued (buy alpha with it)
@@ -298,11 +297,9 @@ fn test_coinbase_tao_issuance_different_flows() {
         SubnetMovingPrice::<Test>::insert(netuid2, I96F32::from_num(1));
 
         // Set subnet tao flow ema.
-        // 100% tao flow method
         let block_num = FlowHalfLife::<Test>::get();
         SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<Test>::insert(netuid1, (block_num, I64F64::from_num(1)));
         SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<Test>::insert(netuid2, (block_num, I64F64::from_num(2)));
-        FlowFirstBlock::<Test>::set(Some(0_u64));
         System::set_block_number(block_num);
 
         // Set normalization exponent to 1 for simplicity
@@ -490,9 +487,9 @@ fn test_coinbase_alpha_issuance_base() {
     });
 }
 
-// Test alpha issuance with different subnet prices.
+// Test alpha issuance with different subnet flows.
 // This test verifies that:
-// - Alpha issuance is proportional to subnet prices
+// - Alpha issuance is proportional to subnet flows
 // - Higher priced subnets receive more TAO emission
 // - Alpha issuance is correctly calculated based on price ratios
 // SKIP_WASM_BUILD=1 RUST_LOG=debug cargo test --package pallet-subtensor --lib -- tests::coinbase::test_coinbase_alpha_issuance_different --exact --show-output --nocapture
@@ -507,18 +504,16 @@ fn test_coinbase_alpha_issuance_different() {
         // Make subnets dynamic.
         SubnetMechanism::<Test>::insert(netuid1, 1);
         SubnetMechanism::<Test>::insert(netuid2, 1);
-        // Setup prices 1 and 1
+        // Setup prices 1 and 2
         let initial: u64 = 1_000_000;
         SubnetTAO::<Test>::insert(netuid1, TaoCurrency::from(initial));
         SubnetAlphaIn::<Test>::insert(netuid1, AlphaCurrency::from(initial));
-        SubnetTAO::<Test>::insert(netuid2, TaoCurrency::from(initial));
+        SubnetTAO::<Test>::insert(netuid2, TaoCurrency::from(2 * initial));
         SubnetAlphaIn::<Test>::insert(netuid2, AlphaCurrency::from(initial));
-        // Set subnet prices.
+        // Set subnet ema prices to 1 and 2
         SubnetMovingPrice::<Test>::insert(netuid1, I96F32::from_num(1));
         SubnetMovingPrice::<Test>::insert(netuid2, I96F32::from_num(2));
-        // Set tao flow
-        SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<Test>::insert(netuid1, (1u64, I64F64::from_num(1)));
-        SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<Test>::insert(netuid2, (1u64, I64F64::from_num(2)));
+        // Do NOT Set tao flow, let it initialize
         // Run coinbase
         SubtensorModule::run_coinbase(U96F32::from_num(emission));
         // tao_in = 333_333
@@ -528,10 +523,10 @@ fn test_coinbase_alpha_issuance_different() {
             (initial + emission / 3).into()
         );
         // tao_in = 666_666
-        // alpha_in = 666_666/price = 666_666 + initial
+        // alpha_in = 666_666/price = 333_333 + initial
         assert_eq!(
             SubnetAlphaIn::<Test>::get(netuid2),
-            (initial + emission / 3 + emission / 3).into()
+            (initial + (emission * 2 / 3) / 2).into()
         );
     });
 }
diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/subnet_emissions.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/subnet_emissions.rs
index aeece09c2e..9f29b3fee2 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/subnet_emissions.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/tests/subnet_emissions.rs
@@ -163,9 +163,7 @@ fn get_shares_normal_flows_three_subnets() {
         let n2 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
         let n3 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
 
-        // 100% tao flow method
         let block_num = FlowHalfLife::<Test>::get();
-        FlowFirstBlock::<Test>::set(Some(0_u64));
         System::set_block_number(block_num);
 
         // Set (block_number, flow) with reasonable positive flows
@@ -212,9 +210,7 @@ fn get_shares_low_flows_sum_one_and_ordering() {
         let n1 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
         let n2 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
 
-        // 100% tao flow method
         let block_num = FlowHalfLife::<Test>::get();
-        FlowFirstBlock::<Test>::set(Some(0_u64));
         System::set_block_number(block_num);
 
         // Tiny flows to exercise precision/scaling path
@@ -256,9 +252,7 @@ fn get_shares_high_flows_sum_one_and_ordering() {
         let n1 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
         let n2 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
 
-        // 100% tao flow method
         let block_num = FlowHalfLife::<Test>::get();
-        FlowFirstBlock::<Test>::set(Some(0_u64));
         System::set_block_number(block_num);
 
         // Large but safe flows for I64F64
@@ -298,95 +292,6 @@ fn seed_price_and_flow(n1: NetUid, n2: NetUid, price1: f64, price2: f64, flow1:
     SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<Test>::insert(n2, (now, i64f64(flow2)));
 }
 
-#[test]
-fn get_shares_price_flow_blend_1v3_price_and_3v1_flow() {
-    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
-        // two subnets
-        let owner_hotkey = U256::from(42);
-        let owner_coldkey = U256::from(43);
-        let n1 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
-        let n2 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
-
-        // define "window" length half_life blocks and set first block to 0
-        let half_life: u64 = FlowHalfLife::<Test>::get();
-        FlowFirstBlock::<Test>::set(Some(0_u64));
-        FlowNormExponent::<Test>::set(u64f64(1.0));
-
-        // t = 0: expect (0.25, 0.75)
-        frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::set_block_number(0);
-        seed_price_and_flow(n1, n2, /*price*/ 1.0, 3.0, /*flow*/ 3.0, 1.0);
-        let shares = SubtensorModule::get_shares(&[n1, n2]);
-        let s1 = shares.get(&n1).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
-        let s2 = shares.get(&n2).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(s1 + s2, 1.0_f64, epsilon = 1e-9);
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(s1, 0.25_f64, epsilon = 1e-6);
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(s2, 0.75_f64, epsilon = 1e-6);
-
-        // t = half_life/2: expect (0.5, 0.5)
-        frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::set_block_number(half_life / 2);
-        seed_price_and_flow(n1, n2, 1.0, 3.0, 3.0, 1.0);
-        let shares = SubtensorModule::get_shares(&[n1, n2]);
-        let s1 = shares.get(&n1).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
-        let s2 = shares.get(&n2).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(s1 + s2, 1.0_f64, epsilon = 1e-9);
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(s1, 0.5_f64, epsilon = 1e-6);
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(s2, 0.5_f64, epsilon = 1e-6);
-
-        // t = half_life: expect (0.75, 0.25)
-        frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::set_block_number(half_life);
-        seed_price_and_flow(n1, n2, 1.0, 3.0, 3.0, 1.0);
-        let shares = SubtensorModule::get_shares(&[n1, n2]);
-        let s1 = shares.get(&n1).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
-        let s2 = shares.get(&n2).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(s1 + s2, 1.0_f64, epsilon = 1e-9);
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(s1, 0.75_f64, epsilon = 1e-6);
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(s2, 0.25_f64, epsilon = 1e-6);
-    });
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn get_shares_price_flow_blend_3v1_price_and_1v3_flow() {
-    new_test_ext(1).execute_with(|| {
-        let owner_hotkey = U256::from(50);
-        let owner_coldkey = U256::from(51);
-        let n1 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
-        let n2 = add_dynamic_network(&owner_hotkey, &owner_coldkey);
-
-        // window half_life and anchor at 0
-        let half_life: u64 = FlowHalfLife::<Test>::get();
-        FlowFirstBlock::<Test>::set(Some(0_u64));
-        FlowNormExponent::<Test>::set(u64f64(1.0));
-
-        // t = 0: prices dominate → (0.75, 0.25)
-        frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::set_block_number(0);
-        seed_price_and_flow(n1, n2, /*price*/ 3.0, 1.0, /*flow*/ 1.0, 3.0);
-        let shares = SubtensorModule::get_shares(&[n1, n2]);
-        let s1 = shares.get(&n1).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
-        let s2 = shares.get(&n2).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(s1 + s2, 1.0_f64, epsilon = 1e-9);
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(s1, 0.75_f64, epsilon = 1e-6);
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(s2, 0.25_f64, epsilon = 1e-6);
-
-        // t = half_life/2: equal → (0.5, 0.5)
-        frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::set_block_number(half_life / 2);
-        seed_price_and_flow(n1, n2, 3.0, 1.0, 1.0, 3.0);
-        let shares = SubtensorModule::get_shares(&[n1, n2]);
-        let s1 = shares.get(&n1).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
-        let s2 = shares.get(&n2).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(s1, 0.5_f64, epsilon = 1e-6);
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(s2, 0.5_f64, epsilon = 1e-6);
-
-        // t = half_life: flows dominate → (0.25, 0.75)
-        frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::set_block_number(half_life);
-        seed_price_and_flow(n1, n2, 3.0, 1.0, 1.0, 3.0);
-        let shares = SubtensorModule::get_shares(&[n1, n2]);
-        let s1 = shares.get(&n1).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
-        let s2 = shares.get(&n2).unwrap().to_num::<f64>();
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(s1, 0.25_f64, epsilon = 1e-6);
-        assert_abs_diff_eq!(s2, 0.75_f64, epsilon = 1e-6);
-    });
-}
-
 /// If one subnet has a negative EMA flow and the other positive,
 /// the negative one should contribute no weight (treated as zero),
 /// so the positive-flow subnet gets the full share.
@@ -401,7 +306,6 @@ fn get_shares_negative_vs_positive_flow() {
 
         // Configure blending window and current block
         let half_life: u64 = FlowHalfLife::<Test>::get();
-        FlowFirstBlock::<Test>::set(Some(0_u64));
         FlowNormExponent::<Test>::set(u64f64(1.0));
         frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::set_block_number(half_life);
         TaoFlowCutoff::<Test>::set(I64F64::from_num(0));
@@ -442,7 +346,6 @@ fn get_shares_both_negative_flows_zero_emission() {
 
         // Configure blending window and current block
         let half_life: u64 = FlowHalfLife::<Test>::get();
-        FlowFirstBlock::<Test>::set(Some(0_u64));
         FlowNormExponent::<Test>::set(u64f64(1.0));
         frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::set_block_number(half_life);
         TaoFlowCutoff::<Test>::set(I64F64::from_num(0));
@@ -479,7 +382,6 @@ fn get_shares_both_below_cutoff_zero_emission() {
 
         // Configure blending window and current block
         let half_life: u64 = FlowHalfLife::<Test>::get();
-        FlowFirstBlock::<Test>::set(Some(0_u64));
         FlowNormExponent::<Test>::set(u64f64(1.0));
         frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::set_block_number(half_life);
         TaoFlowCutoff::<Test>::set(I64F64::from_num(2_000));
@@ -519,7 +421,6 @@ fn get_shares_one_below_cutoff_other_full_emission() {
 
                 // Configure blending window and current block
                 let half_life: u64 = FlowHalfLife::<Test>::get();
-                FlowFirstBlock::<Test>::set(Some(0_u64));
                 FlowNormExponent::<Test>::set(u64f64(1.0));
                 frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::set_block_number(half_life);
                 TaoFlowCutoff::<Test>::set(I64F64::from_num(2_000));
@@ -561,7 +462,6 @@ fn get_shares_both_negative_above_cutoff() {
 
         // Configure blending window and current block
         let half_life: u64 = FlowHalfLife::<Test>::get();
-        FlowFirstBlock::<Test>::set(Some(0_u64));
         FlowNormExponent::<Test>::set(u64f64(1.0));
         frame_system::Pallet::<Test>::set_block_number(half_life);
         TaoFlowCutoff::<Test>::set(I64F64::from_num(-1000.0));

From 9f84b02bde810173927f76339a4f1b8b5b63b72c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Greg Zaitsev <gregz@opentensor.dev>
Date: Mon, 3 Nov 2025 15:56:49 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 218/218] Remove init_factor

---
 pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/subnet_emissions.rs | 3 +--
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/subnet_emissions.rs b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/subnet_emissions.rs
index 58335ac62c..80ecf85a42 100644
--- a/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/subnet_emissions.rs
+++ b/pallets/subtensor/src/coinbase/subnet_emissions.rs
@@ -75,11 +75,10 @@ impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
             }
         } else {
             // Initialize EMA flow, set S(current_block) = min(price, ema_price) * init_factor
-            let init_factor = I64F64::saturating_from_num(1.);
             let moving_price = I64F64::saturating_from_num(Self::get_moving_alpha_price(netuid));
             let current_price =
                 I64F64::saturating_from_num(T::SwapInterface::current_alpha_price(netuid));
-            let ema_flow = moving_price.min(current_price).saturating_mul(init_factor);
+            let ema_flow = moving_price.min(current_price);
             SubnetEmaTaoFlow::<T>::insert(netuid, (current_block, ema_flow));
             ema_flow
         }