repl: remove dependency on domain module

Replace the domain-based error handling with AsyncLocalStorage and
setUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback. This removes the REPL's dependency
on the deprecated domain module while preserving all existing behavior:

- Synchronous errors during eval are caught and displayed
- Async errors (setTimeout, promises, etc.) are caught via the
  uncaught exception capture callback
- Top-level await errors are caught and displayed
- The REPL continues operating after errors
- Multiple REPL instances can coexist with errors routed correctly

Changes:
- Use AsyncLocalStorage to track which REPL instance owns an async
  context, replacing domain's automatic async tracking
- Add setupExceptionCapture() to install
  setUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback for catching async errors and
  routing them to the correct REPL
- Extract error handling logic into REPLServer.prototype._handleError()
- Wrap eval execution in replContext.run() for async context tracking
- Update newListener protection to check AsyncLocalStorage context
- Throw ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE if options.domain is passed

PR-URL: #61227

Author: mcollina