From ce3704ff43c8455566998954bd80b4b92e3a4553 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tomas Bayer <mail@tomas.berlin>
Date: Thu, 5 Feb 2026 15:37:37 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] Support lazy type references for Union members

This change allows union member types to be defined using string references
or functions, similar to how field, input field, or argument types can be
declared. The actual type classes will be resolved only during schema
construction.
---
 graphene/types/tests/test_union.py | 47 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 graphene/types/union.py            | 19 ++++++++----
 2 files changed, 61 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/graphene/types/tests/test_union.py b/graphene/types/tests/test_union.py
index 4d642d6f5..4897dfae0 100644
--- a/graphene/types/tests/test_union.py
+++ b/graphene/types/tests/test_union.py
@@ -56,3 +56,50 @@ class Meta:
     my_union_field = my_union_instance.mount_as(Field)
     assert isinstance(my_union_field, Field)
     assert my_union_field.type == MyUnion
+
+
+def test_generate_union_with_string_references():
+    class MyUnion(Union):
+        class Meta:
+            types = (
+                "graphene.types.tests.test_union.MyObjectType1",
+                "graphene.types.tests.test_union.MyObjectType2",
+            )
+
+    assert MyUnion._meta.types == (MyObjectType1, MyObjectType2)
+
+
+def test_generate_union_with_lambda_references():
+    class MyUnion(Union):
+        class Meta:
+            types = (
+                lambda: MyObjectType1,
+                lambda: MyObjectType2,
+            )
+
+    assert MyUnion._meta.types == (MyObjectType1, MyObjectType2)
+
+
+def test_generate_union_with_mixed_references():
+    class MyUnion(Union):
+        class Meta:
+            types = (
+                MyObjectType1,
+                lambda: MyObjectType2,
+                "graphene.types.tests.test_union.MyObjectType1",
+            )
+
+    assert MyUnion._meta.types == (MyObjectType1, MyObjectType2, MyObjectType1)
+
+
+def test_union_types_property_is_iterable():
+    class MyUnion(Union):
+        class Meta:
+            types = (
+                lambda: MyObjectType1,
+                "graphene.types.tests.test_union.MyObjectType2",
+            )
+
+    first_access = MyUnion._meta.types
+    second_access = MyUnion._meta.types
+    assert first_access == second_access
diff --git a/graphene/types/union.py b/graphene/types/union.py
index 3d10418e5..e43331437 100644
--- a/graphene/types/union.py
+++ b/graphene/types/union.py
@@ -2,15 +2,20 @@
 
 from .base import BaseOptions, BaseType
 from .unmountedtype import UnmountedType
+from .utils import get_type
 
 # For static type checking with type checker
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from .objecttype import ObjectType  # NOQA
-    from typing import Iterable, Type  # NOQA
+    from typing import Callable, Iterable, Tuple, Type  # NOQA
 
 
 class UnionOptions(BaseOptions):
-    types = ()  # type: Iterable[Type[ObjectType]]
+    _types = ()  # type: Iterable[Type[ObjectType] | str | Callable[[], Type[ObjectType]]]
+
+    @property
+    def types(self) -> Tuple[Type["ObjectType"], ...]:
+        return tuple(get_type(type_) for type_ in self._types)
 
 
 class Union(UnmountedType, BaseType):
@@ -28,6 +33,9 @@ class Union(UnmountedType, BaseType):
     attribute or ``is_type_of`` method. Or by implementing ``resolve_type`` class method on the
     Union.
 
+    To avoid circular import issues, `Meta.types` can also contain string references or functions
+    instead of direct type references.
+
     .. code:: python
 
         from graphene import Union, ObjectType, List
@@ -42,8 +50,9 @@ class Query(ObjectType):
             )
 
     Meta:
-        types (Iterable[graphene.ObjectType]): Required. Collection of types that may be returned
-            by this Union for the graphQL schema.
+        types (Iterable[type[graphene.ObjectType] | str | Callable[[], type[graphene.ObjectType]]]): Required.
+            Collection of types that may be returned by this Union for the graphQL schema. Can also be string
+            references or functions for lazy resolution.
         name (optional, str): the name of the GraphQL type (must be unique in schema). Defaults to class
             name.
         description (optional, str): the description of the GraphQL type in the schema. Defaults to class
@@ -59,7 +68,7 @@ def __init_subclass_with_meta__(cls, types=None, _meta=None, **options):
         if not _meta:
             _meta = UnionOptions(cls)
 
-        _meta.types = types
+        _meta._types = types
         super(Union, cls).__init_subclass_with_meta__(_meta=_meta, **options)
 
     @classmethod