Shared: Port features from Ruby's type tracking library to the shared library

- Cache relevant predicates.
- Expose some predicates and classes (only exposed internally).
- Make some top-level `inline_late` predicates member predicates.
- Actually eliminate type check in `flowsTo`.
- Fix bug in `getACompatibleTypeTracker`.
- Adopt the `CallGraphConstruction` module.

Author: hvitved