C++: Fix incorrect dbscheme assumptions on proxy classes

Author: jketema

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/Class.qll

@@ -1076,13 +1076,19 @@ class VirtualBaseClass extends Class {
 }
 
 /**
- * The proxy class (where needed) associated with a template parameter, as
- * in the following code:
- * ```
+ * The proxy class (where needed) associated with a template parameter or a
+ * decltype, as in the following code:
+ * ```cpp
  * template <typename T>
  * struct S : T { // the type of this T is a proxy class
  *   ...
  * };
+ *
+ * template <typename T>
+ * concept C =
+ *   decltype(std::span{std::declval<T&>()})::extent
+ *     != std::dynamic_extent;
+ *   // the type of decltype(std::span{std::declval<T&>()}) is a proxy class
  * ```
  */
 class ProxyClass extends UserType {
@@ -1097,6 +1103,9 @@ class ProxyClass extends UserType {
   TypeTemplateParameter getTemplateParameter() {
     is_proxy_class_for(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result))
   }
+
+  /** Gets the decltype for which this is the proxy class. */
+  Decltype getDecltype() { is_proxy_class_for(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result)) }
 }
 
 // Unpacks "array of ... of array of t" into t.

cpp/ql/lib/semmlecode.cpp.dbscheme

@@ -847,9 +847,11 @@ class_template_argument_value(
     int arg_value: @expr ref
 );
 
+@user_or_decltype = @usertype | @decltype;
+
 is_proxy_class_for(
     unique int id: @usertype ref,
-    unique int templ_param_id: @usertype ref
+    int templ_param_id: @user_or_decltype ref
 );
 
 type_mentions(