diff --git a/packages/node-core/src/integrations/systemError.ts b/packages/node-core/src/integrations/systemError.ts
index 14c0c23ffa54..b2580e870201 100644
--- a/packages/node-core/src/integrations/systemError.ts
+++ b/packages/node-core/src/integrations/systemError.ts
@@ -22,6 +22,10 @@ function isSystemError(error: unknown): error is SystemError {
 
   // Appears this is the recommended way to check for Node.js SystemError
   // https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/46869
+  if (typeof util.getSystemErrorMap !== 'function') {
+    return false;
+  }
+
   return util.getSystemErrorMap().has(error.errno);
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/node-core/test/integrations/systemError.test.ts b/packages/node-core/test/integrations/systemError.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..52317b692bea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/node-core/test/integrations/systemError.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+import * as util from 'node:util';
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { systemErrorIntegration } from '../../src/integrations/systemError';
+
+describe('systemErrorIntegration', () => {
+  const originalGetSystemErrorMap = util.getSystemErrorMap;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    Object.defineProperty(util, 'getSystemErrorMap', {
+      value: originalGetSystemErrorMap,
+      configurable: true,
+      writable: true,
+    });
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    Object.defineProperty(util, 'getSystemErrorMap', {
+      value: originalGetSystemErrorMap,
+      configurable: true,
+      writable: true,
+    });
+  });
+
+  function createClient(sendDefaultPii = false): any {
+    return { getOptions: () => ({ sendDefaultPii }) };
+  }
+
+  function setSystemErrorMap(value: unknown): void {
+    Object.defineProperty(util, 'getSystemErrorMap', {
+      value,
+      configurable: true,
+      writable: true,
+    });
+  }
+
+  it('returns the event unchanged when util.getSystemErrorMap is undefined (e.g. Bun)', () => {
+    setSystemErrorMap(undefined);
+
+    const integration = systemErrorIntegration();
+    const error = Object.assign(new Error('boom'), { errno: -2, path: '/some/path' });
+    const event: any = { exception: { values: [{ value: error.message }] } };
+
+    const result = integration.processEvent!(event, { originalException: error }, createClient());
+
+    expect(result).toBe(event);
+    expect(result.contexts?.node_system_error).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it('adds node_system_error context for a real SystemError', () => {
+    const errno = -2;
+    setSystemErrorMap(() => new Map<number, [string, string]>([[errno, ['ENOENT', 'no such file or directory']]]));
+
+    const integration = systemErrorIntegration();
+    const error = Object.assign(new Error("ENOENT: no such file or directory, open '/secret/path'"), {
+      errno,
+      path: '/secret/path',
+    });
+    const event: any = { exception: { values: [{ value: error.message }] } };
+
+    const result = integration.processEvent!(event, { originalException: error }, createClient());
+
+    expect(result.contexts?.node_system_error).toEqual({ errno });
+    expect(result.exception.values[0].value).not.toContain('/secret/path');
+  });
+
+  it('keeps path in context when sendDefaultPii is true', () => {
+    const errno = -2;
+    setSystemErrorMap(() => new Map<number, [string, string]>([[errno, ['ENOENT', 'no such file or directory']]]));
+
+    const integration = systemErrorIntegration();
+    const error = Object.assign(new Error('boom'), { errno, path: '/secret/path' });
+    const event: any = { exception: { values: [{ value: error.message }] } };
+
+    const result = integration.processEvent!(event, { originalException: error }, createClient(true));
+
+    expect(result.contexts?.node_system_error).toEqual({ errno, path: '/secret/path' });
+  });
+
+  it('keeps path in context when includePaths option is true', () => {
+    const errno = -2;
+    setSystemErrorMap(() => new Map<number, [string, string]>([[errno, ['ENOENT', 'no such file or directory']]]));
+
+    const integration = systemErrorIntegration({ includePaths: true });
+    const error = Object.assign(new Error('boom'), { errno, path: '/secret/path' });
+    const event: any = { exception: { values: [{ value: error.message }] } };
+
+    const result = integration.processEvent!(event, { originalException: error }, createClient());
+
+    expect(result.contexts?.node_system_error).toEqual({ errno, path: '/secret/path' });
+  });
+
+  it('returns the event unchanged when the error has no errno', () => {
+    setSystemErrorMap(() => new Map<number, [string, string]>([[-2, ['ENOENT', 'no such file or directory']]]));
+
+    const integration = systemErrorIntegration();
+    const error = new Error('not a system error');
+    const event: any = {};
+
+    const result = integration.processEvent!(event, { originalException: error }, createClient());
+
+    expect(result.contexts?.node_system_error).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it('returns the event unchanged when originalException is not an Error', () => {
+    setSystemErrorMap(() => new Map<number, [string, string]>([[-2, ['ENOENT', 'no such file or directory']]]));
+
+    const integration = systemErrorIntegration();
+    const event: any = {};
+
+    const result = integration.processEvent!(event, { originalException: 'not an error' }, createClient());
+
+    expect(result.contexts?.node_system_error).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it('returns the event unchanged when errno is not in the system error map', () => {
+    setSystemErrorMap(() => new Map<number, [string, string]>([[-2, ['ENOENT', 'no such file or directory']]]));
+
+    const integration = systemErrorIntegration();
+    const error = Object.assign(new Error('unknown'), { errno: 99999 });
+    const event: any = {};
+
+    const result = integration.processEvent!(event, { originalException: error }, createClient());
+
+    expect(result.contexts?.node_system_error).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+});