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‎posts/2025/07/15/2018-03-23-convert-dict-to-object-with-attributes.html‎

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<div class="wide-logos">
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<p><img src="/posts/assets/python.png" alt="python" /></p>
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</div>
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<div id="intro">
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<p>We have a dictionary, and want to convert it to a an object with postfix
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notation like <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">obj.name</code>.</p>
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</div>
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<h2 id="convert-to-an-immutable-object">Convert to an immutable object</h2>
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<p>Use <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">collections.namedtuple</code>.</p>
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<div class="language-python highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">collections</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">namedtuple</span>
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<span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s">"id"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"name"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"foo"</span><span class="p">}</span>
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<span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">namedtuple</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Obj"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">keys</span><span class="p">())(</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="n">Obj</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'foo'</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</code></pre></div></div>
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<h2 id="convert-to-a-mutable-object">Convert to a mutable object</h2>
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<p>Use <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">types.SimpleNamespace</code>.</p>
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<div class="language-python highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">types</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">SimpleNamespace</span>
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<span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">SimpleNamespace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s">"id"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"name"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"foo"</span><span class="p">})</span>
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<span class="n">namespace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"foo"</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</code></pre></div></div>
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<p>See also: <a href="/convert-sequence-to-postfix-notation">Convert a sequence to postfix notation</a></p>

‎posts/2025/07/15/2018-05-30-convert-sequence-to-postfix-notation.html‎

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<div class="wide-logos">
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<p><img src="/posts/assets/python.png" alt="python" /></p>
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</div>
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<div id="intro">
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<p>We have a sequence such as a tuple or list, and want to convert it to a an
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object with named attributes in postfix notation (‘obj.name’).</p>
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</div>
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<h2 id="convert-to-an-immutable-object">Convert to an immutable object</h2>
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<p>Use <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">collections.namedtuple</code>.</p>
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<div class="language-python highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">collections</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">namedtuple</span>
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<span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'foo'</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">obj</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">namedtuple</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'Obj'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'id'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'name'</span><span class="p">])(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">obj</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">name</span>
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<span class="s">'foo'</span>
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</code></pre></div></div>
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<h2 id="convert-to-a-mutable-object">Convert to a mutable object</h2>
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<p>Use <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">types.SimpleNamespace</code>.</p>
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<div class="language-python highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">types</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">SimpleNamespace</span>
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<span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'foo'</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">obj</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">SimpleNamespace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="nb">dict</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">zip</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s">'id'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'name'</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">)))</span>
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<span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">obj</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">name</span>
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<span class="s">'foo'</span>
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</code></pre></div></div>
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<p>See also: <a href="/python/convert-dict-to-postfix-notation">Convert a dictionary to postfix notation</a></p>

posts/python/mac-repl-readline.html renamed to posts/2025/07/15/2018-06-20-mac-repl-readline.html

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Beau Barker, <time>Jun 20, 2018</time>.
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&#9998;
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<p><img src="/posts/assets/python.png" alt="python" /></p>
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</div>
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<div id="intro">
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<p>How to use readline in the Python interactive interpreter on Mac.</p>
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</div>
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<p>Install the gnureadline Python package:</p>
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<div class="language-sh highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>pip <span class="nb">install </span>gnureadline
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</code></pre></div></div>
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<p>Create a <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">~/.pythonstartup.py</code> script:</p>
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<div class="language-python highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">atexit</span>
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<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">gnureadline</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">readline</span>
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<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">logging</span>
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</code></pre></div></div>
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<p>Set the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">PYTHONSTARTUP</code> env var:</p>
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<div class="language-sh highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nb">export </span><span class="nv">PYTHONSTARTUP</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$HOME</span>/.pythonstartup.py
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</code></pre></div></div>
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<p>Start the Python REPL.</p>
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<div class="language-sh highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nv">$ </span>python
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Python 3.6.5 <span class="o">(</span>default, Mar 29 2018, 15:37:32<span class="o">)</span>
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<span class="o">[</span>GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 9.0.0 <span class="o">(</span>clang-900.0.39.2<span class="o">)]</span> on darwin
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Type <span class="s2">"help"</span>, <span class="s2">"copyright"</span>, <span class="s2">"credits"</span> or <span class="s2">"license"</span> <span class="k">for </span>more information.
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Booted pythonstartup.py.
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<span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span>
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</code></pre></div></div>
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‎posts/airflow/execute-context.html‎

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{"description":"Showing the contents of the “context” object, which is available in an Operator’s execute method, or a PythonOperator’s function definition.","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://explodinglabs.com/posts/airflow/execute-context"},"image":"https://explodinglabs.com/posts/assets/airflow-wide.png","headline":"What’s in Airflow’s context dictionary?","dateModified":"2025-07-15T23:32:02+00:00","datePublished":"2017-12-13T00:00:00+00:00","url":"https://explodinglabs.com/posts/airflow/execute-context","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Beau Barker"},"@type":"BlogPosting","@context":"https://schema.org"}</script>
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‎posts/airflow/fernet-key.html‎

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{"description":"A programming blog.","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://explodinglabs.com/posts/airflow/gpl-dependency-error-with-pip"},"headline":"GPL dependency error installing Airflow 1.10","dateModified":"2025-07-15T23:32:02+00:00","datePublished":"2018-08-28T00:00:00+00:00","url":"https://explodinglabs.com/posts/airflow/gpl-dependency-error-with-pip","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Beau Barker"},"@type":"BlogPosting","@context":"https://schema.org"}</script>
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