1+ \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1]
2+
3+ \begin{scope}[xshift=0cm]
4+ % Axes
5+ % \draw[gray] (0,0) grid ++ (5,4);
6+ \draw[->,>=latex, gray] (-1,0)--(4,0); % node[below,black] {$x$};
7+ \draw[->,>=latex, gray] (0,-1)--(0,4); % node[left,black] {$y$};
8+ % \fill[] (0,0) circle (2pt) node[below]{$0$};
9+ % \fill[] (1,0) circle (2pt) node[below]{$1$};
10+ % \fill[] (0,1) circle (2pt) node[left]{$1$};
11+
12+ \coordinate (X) at (3,2);
13+ \coordinate (Y) at (3,3);
14+
15+ \draw[->,>=latex,very thick, red] (0,0) -- (X) node[black,below right,scale=0.8]{$X$};
16+ \draw[->,>=latex,very thick, red] (0,0) -- (Y) node[black,above,scale=0.8]{$Y$};
17+
18+ \draw[blue,very thick,double] ({atan(3/3)}:2.5) arc ({atan(3/3)}:{atan(2/3)}:2.5) node[midway,above right]{$\theta$};
19+
20+ %node[midway,sloped,above,scale=0.7] {$\|X-Y\|$};
21+
22+
23+ \node[align=center] at (2,-1.2) {\bf $\cos(\theta) \simeq 1$};
24+
25+ \end{scope}
26+
27+
28+ \begin{scope}[xshift=9cm]
29+ % Axes
30+ % \draw[gray] (0,0) grid ++ (5,4);
31+ \draw[->,>=latex, gray] (-2.5,0)--(4,0); % node[below,black] {$x$};
32+ \draw[->,>=latex, gray] (0,-1)--(0,4); % node[left,black] {$y$};
33+ % \fill[] (0,0) circle (2pt) node[below]{$0$};
34+ % \fill[] (1,0) circle (2pt) node[below]{$1$};
35+ % \fill[] (0,1) circle (2pt) node[left]{$1$};
36+
37+ \coordinate (X) at (3,1);
38+ \coordinate (Y) at (-2,-1);
39+
40+ \draw[->,>=latex,very thick, red] (0,0) -- (X) node[black,above,scale=0.8]{$X$};
41+ \draw[->,>=latex,very thick, red] (0,0) -- (Y) node[black,below,scale=0.8]{$Y$};
42+
43+ \draw[blue,very thick,double] ({atan(1/3)}:1) arc ({atan(1/3)}:{180+atan(1/2)}:1) node[midway,above]{$\theta$};
44+
45+ %node[midway,sloped,above,scale=0.7] {$\|X-Y\|$};
46+
47+
48+ \node[align=center] at (1.5,-1.2) {\bf $\cos(\theta) \simeq -1$};
49+
50+ \end{scope}
51+
52+ \begin{scope}[xshift=16cm]
53+ % Axes
54+ % \draw[gray] (0,0) grid ++ (5,4);
55+ \draw[->,>=latex, gray] (-1,0)--(4,0); % node[below,black] {$x$};
56+ \draw[->,>=latex, gray] (0,-1)--(0,4); % node[left,black] {$y$};
57+ % \fill[] (0,0) circle (2pt) node[below]{$0$};
58+ % \fill[] (1,0) circle (2pt) node[below]{$1$};
59+ % \fill[] (0,1) circle (2pt) node[left]{$1$};
60+
61+ \coordinate (X) at (3,0.5);
62+ \coordinate (Y) at (-1,3);
63+
64+ \draw[->,>=latex,very thick, red] (0,0) -- (X) node[black,above right,scale=0.8]{$X$};
65+ \draw[->,>=latex,very thick, red] (0,0) -- (Y) node[black,above,scale=0.8]{$Y$};
66+
67+ \draw[blue,very thick,double] ({atan(0.5/3)}:2.5) arc ({atan(0.5/3)}:{180-atan(3/1)}:2.5) node[midway,above right]{$\theta$};
68+
69+ %node[midway,sloped,above,scale=0.7] {$\|X-Y\|$};
70+
71+
72+ \node[align=center] at (2,-1.2) {\bf $\cos(\theta) \simeq 0$};
73+
74+ \end{scope}
75+ \end{tikzpicture}
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