diff --git a/lang/cpp11/defaulted_and_deleted_functions.md b/lang/cpp11/defaulted_and_deleted_functions.md
index 2d2455d3e8..d9777233ed 100644
--- a/lang/cpp11/defaulted_and_deleted_functions.md
+++ b/lang/cpp11/defaulted_and_deleted_functions.md
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ int main()
       sometype();
 
       // デフォルト動作のコピーコンストラクタを使用する
-      sometype(const sometype &) = default;
+      sometype(const sometype&) = default;
 
       // デフォルト動作のデストラクタを使用する。
       // ただし、このデストラクタは仮想関数とする。
diff --git a/lang/cpp26/allowing_exception_throwing_in_constant-evaluation.md b/lang/cpp26/allowing_exception_throwing_in_constant-evaluation.md
index bf8b7f3c7c..d57fc92d18 100644
--- a/lang/cpp26/allowing_exception_throwing_in_constant-evaluation.md
+++ b/lang/cpp26/allowing_exception_throwing_in_constant-evaluation.md
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ const auto b = hello("Hana");
 
 try {
   const auto c = hello(""); // C++26: 例外を捕捉
-} catch (const validation_error &) {
+} catch (const validation_error&) {
   // everything is fine
 }
 
diff --git a/lang/cpp26/constexpr_cast_from_voidptr.md b/lang/cpp26/constexpr_cast_from_voidptr.md
index 21d55886b9..0b4f7ce91c 100644
--- a/lang/cpp26/constexpr_cast_from_voidptr.md
+++ b/lang/cpp26/constexpr_cast_from_voidptr.md
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ private:
   std::string_view (*speak_function)(const void*);
 public:
   template <typename Animal>
-  constexpr AnimalView(const Animal &a)
+  constexpr AnimalView(const Animal& a)
     : animal{&a}, speak_function{[](const void* object) {
         return static_cast<const Animal*>(object)->speak();
       }}
diff --git a/reference/map/map/at.md b/reference/map/map/at.md
index dd0782d6ad..981838d6f1 100644
--- a/reference/map/map/at.md
+++ b/reference/map/map/at.md
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 ```cpp
 T& at(const key_type& x);              // (1) C++11
-const T& at(const key_type & x) const; // (2) C++11
+const T& at(const key_type& x) const;  // (2) C++11
 
 template<class K>
 T& at(const K& x);                     // (3) C++26
diff --git a/reference/set/multiset/extract.md b/reference/set/multiset/extract.md
index 9187b14ec1..35a130f573 100644
--- a/reference/set/multiset/extract.md
+++ b/reference/set/multiset/extract.md
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ struct my_struct // ムーブオンリーな型
   int num = 0;
   static inline int count = 0;
   constexpr my_struct(int i) noexcept : value(i) { num = count++; };
-  bool operator < (const my_struct &rhs) const noexcept {return this->value < rhs.value;}
+  bool operator < (const my_struct& rhs) const noexcept {return this->value < rhs.value;}
 };
 
 int main()
diff --git a/reference/set/set/extract.md b/reference/set/set/extract.md
index 3637b42674..c045064d74 100644
--- a/reference/set/set/extract.md
+++ b/reference/set/set/extract.md
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ struct my_struct // ムーブオンリーな型
   : private noncopyable {
   int value;
   constexpr explicit my_struct(int i) noexcept : value(i) {};
-  bool operator < (const my_struct &rhs) const noexcept {return this->value < rhs.value;}
+  bool operator < (const my_struct& rhs) const noexcept {return this->value < rhs.value;}
 };
 
 int main()
diff --git a/reference/tuple/ignore.md b/reference/tuple/ignore.md
index 8d3d8a3bcd..baf5f77dcb 100644
--- a/reference/tuple/ignore.md
+++ b/reference/tuple/ignore.md
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 namespace std {
   struct ignore-type { // 説明用の定義 (C++26)
     constexpr const ignore-type&
-    operator=(const auto &) const noexcept
+    operator=(const auto&) const noexcept
       { return *this; }
   };
 
diff --git a/reference/unordered_map/unordered_map/at.md b/reference/unordered_map/unordered_map/at.md
index aa49034fdb..abe0c2d105 100644
--- a/reference/unordered_map/unordered_map/at.md
+++ b/reference/unordered_map/unordered_map/at.md
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 ```cpp
 T& at(const key_type& x);              // (1) C++11
-const T& at(const key_type & x) const; // (2) C++11
+const T& at(const key_type& x) const;  // (2) C++11
 
 template<class K>
 T& at(const K& x);                     // (3) C++26
diff --git a/reference/unordered_set/unordered_multiset/extract.md b/reference/unordered_set/unordered_multiset/extract.md
index 8d97b5ae85..d6de3b38a6 100644
--- a/reference/unordered_set/unordered_multiset/extract.md
+++ b/reference/unordered_set/unordered_multiset/extract.md
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ struct my_struct // ムーブオンリーな型
   int num = 0;
   static inline int count = 0;
   constexpr my_struct(int i) noexcept : value(i) { num = count++; };
-  bool operator == (const my_struct &rhs) const noexcept {return this->value == rhs.value;}
+  bool operator == (const my_struct& rhs) const noexcept {return this->value == rhs.value;}
 };
 
 // ハッシュ関数
diff --git a/reference/unordered_set/unordered_set/extract.md b/reference/unordered_set/unordered_set/extract.md
index 344fbaee9b..0bb7afefca 100644
--- a/reference/unordered_set/unordered_set/extract.md
+++ b/reference/unordered_set/unordered_set/extract.md
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ struct my_struct // ムーブオンリーな型
   int num = 0;
   static inline int count = 0;
   constexpr my_struct(int i) noexcept : value(i) { num = count++; };
-  bool operator == (const my_struct &rhs) const noexcept {return this->value == rhs.value;}
+  bool operator == (const my_struct& rhs) const noexcept {return this->value == rhs.value;}
 };
 
 // ハッシュ関数