diff --git a/app/desktop/src/jvmMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/desktop/DesktopCardScanner.kt b/app/desktop/src/jvmMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/desktop/DesktopCardScanner.kt
index 6031eded3..86d63e6ac 100644
--- a/app/desktop/src/jvmMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/desktop/DesktopCardScanner.kt
+++ b/app/desktop/src/jvmMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/desktop/DesktopCardScanner.kt
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import com.codebutler.farebot.card.RawCard
 import com.codebutler.farebot.card.nfc.pn533.PN533
 import com.codebutler.farebot.card.nfc.pn533.PN533Device
 import com.codebutler.farebot.shared.nfc.CardScanner
+import com.codebutler.farebot.shared.nfc.ReadingProgress
 import com.codebutler.farebot.shared.nfc.ScannedTag
 import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope
 import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
@@ -62,6 +63,9 @@ class DesktopCardScanner : CardScanner {
     private val _isScanning = MutableStateFlow(false)
     override val isScanning: StateFlow<Boolean> = _isScanning.asStateFlow()
 
+    private val _readingProgress = MutableStateFlow<ReadingProgress?>(null)
+    override val readingProgress: StateFlow<ReadingProgress?> = _readingProgress.asStateFlow()
+
     private var scanJob: Job? = null
     private val scope = CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.IO)
 
@@ -83,11 +87,16 @@ class DesktopCardScanner : CardScanner {
                                             _scannedTags.tryEmit(tag)
                                         },
                                         onCardRead = { rawCard ->
+                                            _readingProgress.value = null
                                             _scannedCards.tryEmit(rawCard)
                                         },
                                         onError = { error ->
+                                            _readingProgress.value = null
                                             _scanErrors.tryEmit(error)
                                         },
+                                        onProgress = { current, total ->
+                                            _readingProgress.value = ReadingProgress(current, total)
+                                        },
                                     )
                                 } catch (e: Exception) {
                                     if (isActive) {
@@ -119,7 +128,13 @@ class DesktopCardScanner : CardScanner {
 
     private suspend fun discoverBackends(): List<NfcReaderBackend> {
         val backends = mutableListOf<NfcReaderBackend>(PcscReaderBackend())
-        val transports = PN533Device.openAll()
+        val transports =
+            try {
+                PN533Device.openAll()
+            } catch (e: UnsatisfiedLinkError) {
+                println("[DesktopCardScanner] libusb not available: ${e.message}")
+                emptyList()
+            }
         if (transports.isEmpty()) {
             backends.add(PN533ReaderBackend())
         } else {
diff --git a/app/desktop/src/jvmMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/desktop/NfcReaderBackend.kt b/app/desktop/src/jvmMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/desktop/NfcReaderBackend.kt
index 04605ce14..6f24123b8 100644
--- a/app/desktop/src/jvmMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/desktop/NfcReaderBackend.kt
+++ b/app/desktop/src/jvmMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/desktop/NfcReaderBackend.kt
@@ -40,5 +40,6 @@ interface NfcReaderBackend {
         onCardDetected: (ScannedTag) -> Unit,
         onCardRead: (RawCard<*>) -> Unit,
         onError: (Throwable) -> Unit,
+        onProgress: (suspend (current: Int, total: Int) -> Unit)? = null,
     )
 }
diff --git a/app/desktop/src/jvmMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/desktop/PN53xReaderBackend.kt b/app/desktop/src/jvmMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/desktop/PN53xReaderBackend.kt
index 9b273215c..4a472440d 100644
--- a/app/desktop/src/jvmMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/desktop/PN53xReaderBackend.kt
+++ b/app/desktop/src/jvmMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/desktop/PN53xReaderBackend.kt
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ abstract class PN53xReaderBackend(
         onCardDetected: (ScannedTag) -> Unit,
         onCardRead: (RawCard<*>) -> Unit,
         onError: (Throwable) -> Unit,
+        onProgress: (suspend (current: Int, total: Int) -> Unit)?,
     ) {
         val transport =
             preOpenedTransport
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ abstract class PN53xReaderBackend(
         val pn533 = PN533(transport)
         try {
             initDevice(pn533)
-            pollLoop(pn533, onCardDetected, onCardRead, onError)
+            pollLoop(pn533, onCardDetected, onCardRead, onError, onProgress)
         } finally {
             pn533.close()
         }
@@ -83,6 +84,7 @@ abstract class PN53xReaderBackend(
         onCardDetected: (ScannedTag) -> Unit,
         onCardRead: (RawCard<*>) -> Unit,
         onError: (Throwable) -> Unit,
+        onProgress: (suspend (current: Int, total: Int) -> Unit)?,
     ) {
         while (true) {
             println("[$name] Polling for cards...")
@@ -118,7 +120,7 @@ abstract class PN53xReaderBackend(
             onCardDetected(ScannedTag(id = tagId, techList = listOf(cardTypeName)))
 
             try {
-                val rawCard = readTarget(pn533, target)
+                val rawCard = readTarget(pn533, target, onProgress)
                 onCardRead(rawCard)
                 println("[$name] Card read successfully")
             } catch (e: Exception) {
@@ -141,15 +143,17 @@ abstract class PN53xReaderBackend(
     private suspend fun readTarget(
         pn533: PN533,
         target: PN533.TargetInfo,
+        onProgress: (suspend (current: Int, total: Int) -> Unit)?,
     ): RawCard<*> =
         when (target) {
-            is PN533.TargetInfo.TypeA -> readTypeACard(pn533, target)
-            is PN533.TargetInfo.FeliCa -> readFeliCaCard(pn533, target)
+            is PN533.TargetInfo.TypeA -> readTypeACard(pn533, target, onProgress)
+            is PN533.TargetInfo.FeliCa -> readFeliCaCard(pn533, target, onProgress)
         }
 
     private suspend fun readTypeACard(
         pn533: PN533,
         target: PN533.TargetInfo.TypeA,
+        onProgress: (suspend (current: Int, total: Int) -> Unit)?,
     ): RawCard<*> {
         val info = PN533CardInfo.fromTypeA(target)
         val tagId = target.uid
@@ -158,27 +162,27 @@ abstract class PN53xReaderBackend(
         return when (info.cardType) {
             CardType.MifareDesfire, CardType.ISO7816 -> {
                 val transceiver = createTransceiver(pn533, target.tg)
-                ISO7816Dispatcher.readCard(tagId, transceiver)
+                ISO7816Dispatcher.readCard(tagId, transceiver, onProgress)
             }
 
             CardType.MifareClassic -> {
                 val tech = PN533ClassicTechnology(pn533, target.tg, tagId, info)
-                ClassicCardReader.readCard(tagId, tech, null)
+                ClassicCardReader.readCard(tagId, tech, null, onProgress = onProgress)
             }
 
             CardType.MifareUltralight -> {
                 val tech = PN533UltralightTechnology(pn533, target.tg, info)
-                UltralightCardReader.readCard(tagId, tech)
+                UltralightCardReader.readCard(tagId, tech, onProgress)
             }
 
             CardType.CEPAS -> {
                 val transceiver = createTransceiver(pn533, target.tg)
-                CEPASCardReader.readCard(tagId, transceiver)
+                CEPASCardReader.readCard(tagId, transceiver, onProgress)
             }
 
             else -> {
                 val transceiver = createTransceiver(pn533, target.tg)
-                ISO7816Dispatcher.readCard(tagId, transceiver)
+                ISO7816Dispatcher.readCard(tagId, transceiver, onProgress)
             }
         }
     }
@@ -186,11 +190,12 @@ abstract class PN53xReaderBackend(
     private suspend fun readFeliCaCard(
         pn533: PN533,
         target: PN533.TargetInfo.FeliCa,
+        onProgress: (suspend (current: Int, total: Int) -> Unit)?,
     ): RawCard<*> {
         val tagId = target.idm
         println("[$name] FeliCa card: IDm=${tagId.hex()}")
         val adapter = PN533FeliCaTagAdapter(pn533, target.idm)
-        return FeliCaReader.readTag(tagId, adapter)
+        return FeliCaReader.readTag(tagId, adapter, onProgress = onProgress)
     }
 
     private suspend fun waitForRemoval(pn533: PN533) {
diff --git a/app/desktop/src/jvmMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/desktop/PcscReaderBackend.kt b/app/desktop/src/jvmMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/desktop/PcscReaderBackend.kt
index 07000aa47..37240c486 100644
--- a/app/desktop/src/jvmMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/desktop/PcscReaderBackend.kt
+++ b/app/desktop/src/jvmMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/desktop/PcscReaderBackend.kt
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ class PcscReaderBackend : NfcReaderBackend {
         onCardDetected: (ScannedTag) -> Unit,
         onCardRead: (RawCard<*>) -> Unit,
         onError: (Throwable) -> Unit,
+        onProgress: (suspend (current: Int, total: Int) -> Unit)?,
     ) {
         val factory = TerminalFactory.getDefault()
         val terminals =
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ class PcscReaderBackend : NfcReaderBackend {
                     println("[PC/SC] Tag ID: ${tagId.hex()}")
 
                     onCardDetected(ScannedTag(id = tagId, techList = listOf(info.cardType.name)))
-                    val rawCard = readCard(info, channel, tagId)
+                    val rawCard = readCard(info, channel, tagId, onProgress)
                     onCardRead(rawCard)
                     println("[PC/SC] Card read successfully")
                 } finally {
@@ -118,31 +119,32 @@ class PcscReaderBackend : NfcReaderBackend {
         info: PCSCCardInfo,
         channel: javax.smartcardio.CardChannel,
         tagId: ByteArray,
+        onProgress: (suspend (current: Int, total: Int) -> Unit)?,
     ): RawCard<*> =
         when (info.cardType) {
             CardType.MifareDesfire, CardType.ISO7816 -> {
                 val transceiver = PCSCCardTransceiver(channel)
-                ISO7816Dispatcher.readCard(tagId, transceiver)
+                ISO7816Dispatcher.readCard(tagId, transceiver, onProgress)
             }
 
             CardType.MifareClassic -> {
                 val tech = PCSCClassicTechnology(channel, info)
-                ClassicCardReader.readCard(tagId, tech, null)
+                ClassicCardReader.readCard(tagId, tech, null, onProgress = onProgress)
             }
 
             CardType.MifareUltralight -> {
                 val tech = PCSCUltralightTechnology(channel, info)
-                UltralightCardReader.readCard(tagId, tech)
+                UltralightCardReader.readCard(tagId, tech, onProgress)
             }
 
             CardType.FeliCa -> {
                 val adapter = PCSCFeliCaTagAdapter(channel)
-                FeliCaReader.readTag(tagId, adapter)
+                FeliCaReader.readTag(tagId, adapter, onProgress = onProgress)
             }
 
             CardType.CEPAS -> {
                 val transceiver = PCSCCardTransceiver(channel)
-                CEPASCardReader.readCard(tagId, transceiver)
+                CEPASCardReader.readCard(tagId, transceiver, onProgress)
             }
 
             CardType.Vicinity -> {
@@ -152,7 +154,7 @@ class PcscReaderBackend : NfcReaderBackend {
 
             else -> {
                 val transceiver = PCSCCardTransceiver(channel)
-                ISO7816Dispatcher.readCard(tagId, transceiver)
+                ISO7816Dispatcher.readCard(tagId, transceiver, onProgress)
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/app/src/androidMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/app/core/nfc/ISO7816TagReader.kt b/app/src/androidMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/app/core/nfc/ISO7816TagReader.kt
index 0de5437ba..57b36bf19 100644
--- a/app/src/androidMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/app/core/nfc/ISO7816TagReader.kt
+++ b/app/src/androidMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/app/core/nfc/ISO7816TagReader.kt
@@ -48,5 +48,6 @@ class ISO7816TagReader(
         tag: Tag,
         tech: CardTransceiver,
         cardKeys: CardKeys?,
-    ): RawCard<*> = ISO7816Dispatcher.readCard(tagId, tech)
+        onProgress: (suspend (current: Int, total: Int) -> Unit)?,
+    ): RawCard<*> = ISO7816Dispatcher.readCard(tagId, tech, onProgress)
 }
diff --git a/app/src/androidMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/app/feature/home/AndroidCardScanner.kt b/app/src/androidMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/app/feature/home/AndroidCardScanner.kt
index 4f8f816cb..d91cddc6d 100644
--- a/app/src/androidMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/app/feature/home/AndroidCardScanner.kt
+++ b/app/src/androidMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/app/feature/home/AndroidCardScanner.kt
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import com.codebutler.farebot.key.CardKeys
 import com.codebutler.farebot.persist.CardKeysPersister
 import com.codebutler.farebot.shared.nfc.CardScanner
 import com.codebutler.farebot.shared.nfc.CardUnauthorizedException
+import com.codebutler.farebot.shared.nfc.ReadingProgress
 import com.codebutler.farebot.shared.nfc.ScannedTag
 import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope
 import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
@@ -51,6 +52,9 @@ class AndroidCardScanner(
     private val _isScanning = MutableStateFlow(false)
     override val isScanning: StateFlow<Boolean> = _isScanning.asStateFlow()
 
+    private val _readingProgress = MutableStateFlow<ReadingProgress?>(null)
+    override val readingProgress: StateFlow<ReadingProgress?> = _readingProgress.asStateFlow()
+
     private var isObserving = false
 
     fun startObservingTags() {
@@ -65,12 +69,17 @@ class AndroidCardScanner(
                 _isScanning.value = true
                 try {
                     val cardKeys = getCardKeys(ByteUtils.getHexString(tag.id))
-                    val rawCard = tagReaderFactory.getTagReader(tag.id, tag, cardKeys).readTag()
+                    val rawCard =
+                        tagReaderFactory.getTagReader(tag.id, tag, cardKeys).readTag { current, total ->
+                            _readingProgress.value = ReadingProgress(current, total)
+                        }
+                    _readingProgress.value = null
                     if (rawCard.isUnauthorized()) {
                         throw CardUnauthorizedException(rawCard.tagId(), rawCard.cardType())
                     }
                     _scannedCards.emit(rawCard)
                 } catch (error: Throwable) {
+                    _readingProgress.value = null
                     _scanErrors.emit(error)
                 } finally {
                     _isScanning.value = false
diff --git a/app/src/commonMain/composeResources/values/strings.xml b/app/src/commonMain/composeResources/values/strings.xml
index b53891c4e..0d1b71628 100644
--- a/app/src/commonMain/composeResources/values/strings.xml
+++ b/app/src/commonMain/composeResources/values/strings.xml
@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@
     <string name="tab_explore">Explore</string>
     <string name="scan">Scan</string>
     <string name="reading_card">Reading\u2026</string>
+    <string name="hold_card_near_reader">Hold your card near the reader</string>
     <string name="search_supported_cards">Search</string>
     <string name="nfc_disabled_tap_to_enable">Enable NFC to scan cards</string>
 
diff --git a/app/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/shared/App.kt b/app/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/shared/App.kt
index be0b18ff3..758c0c319 100644
--- a/app/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/shared/App.kt
+++ b/app/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/shared/App.kt
@@ -152,6 +152,7 @@ fun FareBotApp(
                                 navController.navigate(Screen.AddKey.createRoute(tagId, cardType))
                             },
                             onScanCard = { homeViewModel.startActiveScan() },
+                            onCancelScan = { homeViewModel.stopActiveScan() },
                             historyUiState = historyUiState,
                             onNavigateToCard = { itemId ->
                                 val cardKey = historyViewModel.getCardNavKey(itemId)
diff --git a/app/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/shared/nfc/CardScanner.kt b/app/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/shared/nfc/CardScanner.kt
index 80d53c45d..ad141f1b7 100644
--- a/app/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/shared/nfc/CardScanner.kt
+++ b/app/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/shared/nfc/CardScanner.kt
@@ -24,9 +24,15 @@ package com.codebutler.farebot.shared.nfc
 
 import com.codebutler.farebot.card.RawCard
 import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.MutableSharedFlow
+import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.MutableStateFlow
 import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.SharedFlow
 import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.StateFlow
 
+data class ReadingProgress(
+    val current: Int,
+    val total: Int,
+)
+
 data class ScannedTag(
     val id: ByteArray,
     val techList: List<String>,
@@ -66,6 +72,10 @@ interface CardScanner {
     /** Whether scanning is currently in progress. */
     val isScanning: StateFlow<Boolean>
 
+    /** Reading progress — non-null when a card read is in progress with known total. */
+    val readingProgress: StateFlow<ReadingProgress?>
+        get() = MutableStateFlow(null)
+
     /**
      * Start an active scan session (e.g., iOS NFC dialog).
      * Results are emitted to [scannedCards].
diff --git a/app/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/shared/nfc/ISO7816Dispatcher.kt b/app/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/shared/nfc/ISO7816Dispatcher.kt
index 08965a503..79f5aaee9 100644
--- a/app/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/shared/nfc/ISO7816Dispatcher.kt
+++ b/app/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/shared/nfc/ISO7816Dispatcher.kt
@@ -39,23 +39,25 @@ object ISO7816Dispatcher {
     suspend fun readCard(
         tagId: ByteArray,
         transceiver: CardTransceiver,
+        onProgress: (suspend (current: Int, total: Int) -> Unit)? = null,
     ): RawCard<*> {
-        val iso7816Card = tryISO7816(tagId, transceiver)
+        val iso7816Card = tryISO7816(tagId, transceiver, onProgress)
         if (iso7816Card != null) {
             return iso7816Card
         }
-        return DesfireCardReader.readCard(tagId, transceiver)
+        return DesfireCardReader.readCard(tagId, transceiver, onProgress)
     }
 
     private suspend fun tryISO7816(
         tagId: ByteArray,
         transceiver: CardTransceiver,
+        onProgress: (suspend (current: Int, total: Int) -> Unit)? = null,
     ): RawCard<*>? {
         val appConfigs = buildAppConfigs()
         if (appConfigs.isEmpty()) return null
 
         return try {
-            ISO7816CardReader.readCard(tagId, transceiver, appConfigs)
+            ISO7816CardReader.readCard(tagId, transceiver, appConfigs, onProgress)
         } catch (e: Exception) {
             println("[ISO7816Dispatcher] ISO7816 read attempt failed: $e")
             null
diff --git a/app/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/shared/ui/screen/HomeScreen.kt b/app/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/shared/ui/screen/HomeScreen.kt
index e9a1b4d69..1f1eee84c 100644
--- a/app/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/shared/ui/screen/HomeScreen.kt
+++ b/app/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/shared/ui/screen/HomeScreen.kt
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Spacer
 import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.WindowInsets
 import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.fillMaxSize
 import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.fillMaxWidth
+import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.height
 import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.padding
 import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.size
 import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.width
@@ -42,7 +43,6 @@ import androidx.compose.material.icons.filled.VpnKey
 import androidx.compose.material3.AlertDialog
 import androidx.compose.material3.Badge
 import androidx.compose.material3.Button
-import androidx.compose.material3.CircularProgressIndicator
 import androidx.compose.material3.DropdownMenu
 import androidx.compose.material3.DropdownMenuItem
 import androidx.compose.material3.ExperimentalMaterial3Api
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ import androidx.compose.material3.ExtendedFloatingActionButton
 import androidx.compose.material3.HorizontalDivider
 import androidx.compose.material3.Icon
 import androidx.compose.material3.IconButton
+import androidx.compose.material3.LinearProgressIndicator
 import androidx.compose.material3.ListItem
 import androidx.compose.material3.ListItemDefaults
 import androidx.compose.material3.MaterialTheme
@@ -57,6 +58,7 @@ import androidx.compose.material3.ModalBottomSheet
 import androidx.compose.material3.NavigationBar
 import androidx.compose.material3.NavigationBarItem
 import androidx.compose.material3.NavigationDrawerItem
+import androidx.compose.material3.OutlinedButton
 import androidx.compose.material3.PermanentDrawerSheet
 import androidx.compose.material3.PermanentNavigationDrawer
 import androidx.compose.material3.Scaffold
@@ -107,6 +109,7 @@ import farebot.app.generated.resources.app_name
 import farebot.app.generated.resources.cancel
 import farebot.app.generated.resources.delete
 import farebot.app.generated.resources.delete_selected_cards
+import farebot.app.generated.resources.hold_card_near_reader
 import farebot.app.generated.resources.ic_cards_stack
 import farebot.app.generated.resources.ic_launcher
 import farebot.app.generated.resources.import_source
@@ -148,6 +151,7 @@ fun HomeScreen(
     onDismissError: () -> Unit,
     onNavigateToAddKeyForCard: (tagId: String, cardType: CardType) -> Unit,
     onScanCard: () -> Unit,
+    onCancelScan: () -> Unit,
     historyUiState: HistoryUiState,
     onNavigateToCard: (String) -> Unit,
     onImportFile: () -> Unit,
@@ -658,22 +662,10 @@ fun HomeScreen(
                             }
                         },
                         icon = {
-                            if (homeUiState.isLoading) {
-                                CircularProgressIndicator(
-                                    modifier = Modifier.padding(4.dp),
-                                    color = MaterialTheme.colorScheme.onPrimaryContainer,
-                                    strokeWidth = 2.dp,
-                                )
-                            } else {
-                                Icon(Icons.Default.Nfc, contentDescription = null)
-                            }
+                            Icon(Icons.Default.Nfc, contentDescription = null)
                         },
                         text = {
-                            Text(
-                                stringResource(
-                                    if (homeUiState.isReadingCard) Res.string.reading_card else Res.string.scan,
-                                ),
-                            )
+                            Text(stringResource(Res.string.scan))
                         },
                     )
                 }
@@ -867,6 +859,64 @@ fun HomeScreen(
         }
     }
 
+    // Reading progress bottom sheet — shown while scanning/reading a card
+    if (homeUiState.isLoading || homeUiState.isReadingCard) {
+        ModalBottomSheet(
+            onDismissRequest = onCancelScan,
+            sheetState = rememberModalBottomSheetState(skipPartiallyExpanded = true),
+        ) {
+            Column(
+                modifier =
+                    Modifier
+                        .fillMaxWidth()
+                        .padding(horizontal = 24.dp)
+                        .padding(bottom = 32.dp),
+                horizontalAlignment = Alignment.CenterHorizontally,
+                verticalArrangement = Arrangement.spacedBy(16.dp),
+            ) {
+                Icon(
+                    Icons.Default.Nfc,
+                    contentDescription = null,
+                    modifier = Modifier.size(48.dp),
+                    tint = MaterialTheme.colorScheme.primary,
+                )
+
+                Text(
+                    text =
+                        if (homeUiState.isReadingCard) {
+                            stringResource(Res.string.reading_card)
+                        } else {
+                            stringResource(Res.string.hold_card_near_reader)
+                        },
+                    style = MaterialTheme.typography.titleMedium,
+                )
+
+                val progress = homeUiState.readingProgress
+                if (progress != null) {
+                    LinearProgressIndicator(
+                        progress = { progress.current.toFloat() / progress.total.toFloat() },
+                        modifier = Modifier.fillMaxWidth().height(4.dp),
+                    )
+                    Text(
+                        text = "${progress.current} / ${progress.total}",
+                        style = MaterialTheme.typography.bodySmall,
+                        color = MaterialTheme.colorScheme.onSurfaceVariant,
+                    )
+                } else {
+                    LinearProgressIndicator(
+                        modifier = Modifier.fillMaxWidth().height(4.dp),
+                    )
+                }
+
+                if (homeUiState.requiresActiveScan) {
+                    OutlinedButton(onClick = onCancelScan) {
+                        Text(stringResource(Res.string.cancel))
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     if (showImportSheet) {
         ModalBottomSheet(
             onDismissRequest = { showImportSheet = false },
diff --git a/app/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/shared/ui/screen/HomeUiState.kt b/app/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/shared/ui/screen/HomeUiState.kt
index 4fbaf35ce..fc07f3a02 100644
--- a/app/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/shared/ui/screen/HomeUiState.kt
+++ b/app/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/shared/ui/screen/HomeUiState.kt
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package com.codebutler.farebot.shared.ui.screen
 
+import com.codebutler.farebot.shared.nfc.ReadingProgress
 import com.codebutler.farebot.shared.platform.NfcStatus
 
 data class HomeUiState(
@@ -7,4 +8,5 @@ data class HomeUiState(
     val isLoading: Boolean = false,
     val isReadingCard: Boolean = false,
     val requiresActiveScan: Boolean = true,
+    val readingProgress: ReadingProgress? = null,
 )
diff --git a/app/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/shared/viewmodel/CardViewModel.kt b/app/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/shared/viewmodel/CardViewModel.kt
index 0247f0202..197c4bde4 100644
--- a/app/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/shared/viewmodel/CardViewModel.kt
+++ b/app/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/shared/viewmodel/CardViewModel.kt
@@ -154,6 +154,8 @@ class CardViewModel(
                         )
                 }
             } catch (ex: Exception) {
+                println("[FareBot] Card load error: ${ex::class.simpleName}: ${ex.message}")
+                ex.printStackTrace()
                 _uiState.value =
                     CardUiState(
                         isLoading = false,
diff --git a/app/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/shared/viewmodel/HomeViewModel.kt b/app/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/shared/viewmodel/HomeViewModel.kt
index c84e88fdd..6c4fb4313 100644
--- a/app/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/shared/viewmodel/HomeViewModel.kt
+++ b/app/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/shared/viewmodel/HomeViewModel.kt
@@ -82,16 +82,24 @@ class HomeViewModel(
             }
         }
 
+        viewModelScope.launch {
+            cardScanner.readingProgress.collect { progress ->
+                _uiState.value = _uiState.value.copy(readingProgress = progress)
+            }
+        }
+
         viewModelScope.launch {
             cardScanner.scannedCards.collect { rawCard ->
-                _uiState.value = _uiState.value.copy(isReadingCard = false)
+                _uiState.value = _uiState.value.copy(isReadingCard = false, readingProgress = null)
                 processScannedCard(rawCard)
             }
         }
 
         viewModelScope.launch {
             cardScanner.scanErrors.collect { error ->
-                _uiState.value = _uiState.value.copy(isReadingCard = false)
+                _uiState.value = _uiState.value.copy(isReadingCard = false, readingProgress = null)
+                println("[FareBot] Scan error: ${error::class.simpleName}: ${error.message}")
+                error.printStackTrace()
                 val scanError = categorizeError(error)
                 analytics.logEvent(
                     "scan_card_error",
@@ -109,6 +117,10 @@ class HomeViewModel(
         cardScanner?.startActiveScan()
     }
 
+    fun stopActiveScan() {
+        cardScanner?.stopActiveScan()
+    }
+
     fun dismissError() {
         _errorMessage.value = null
     }
@@ -155,6 +167,8 @@ class HomeViewModel(
             val key = navDataHolder.put(rawCard)
             _navigateToCard.emit(key)
         } catch (e: Exception) {
+            println("[FareBot] Process card error: ${e::class.simpleName}: ${e.message}")
+            e.printStackTrace()
             _errorMessage.value =
                 ScanError(
                     title = getString(Res.string.error),
diff --git a/app/src/iosMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/shared/nfc/IosNfcScanner.kt b/app/src/iosMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/shared/nfc/IosNfcScanner.kt
index e11c808ab..2fe6a7aa0 100644
--- a/app/src/iosMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/shared/nfc/IosNfcScanner.kt
+++ b/app/src/iosMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/shared/nfc/IosNfcScanner.kt
@@ -185,7 +185,10 @@ class IosNfcScanner : CardScanner {
 
                 CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.IO).launch {
                     try {
-                        rawCard = readTag(tag)
+                        rawCard =
+                            readTag(tag) { current, total ->
+                                session.alertMessage = "Reading… $current / $total"
+                            }
                     } catch (e: Exception) {
                         readException = e
                     } finally {
@@ -228,15 +231,21 @@ class IosNfcScanner : CardScanner {
         override fun tagReaderSessionDidBecomeActive(session: NFCTagReaderSession) {
         }
 
-        private suspend fun readTag(tag: Any): RawCard<*> =
+        private suspend fun readTag(
+            tag: Any,
+            onProgress: (suspend (current: Int, total: Int) -> Unit)? = null,
+        ): RawCard<*> =
             when (tag) {
-                is NFCFeliCaTagProtocol -> readFelicaTag(tag)
-                is NFCMiFareTagProtocol -> readMiFareTag(tag)
+                is NFCFeliCaTagProtocol -> readFelicaTag(tag, onProgress)
+                is NFCMiFareTagProtocol -> readMiFareTag(tag, onProgress)
                 is NFCISO15693TagProtocol -> readVicinityTag(tag)
                 else -> throw Exception("Unsupported NFC tag type")
             }
 
-        private suspend fun readFelicaTag(tag: NFCFeliCaTagProtocol): RawCard<*> {
+        private suspend fun readFelicaTag(
+            tag: NFCFeliCaTagProtocol,
+            onProgress: (suspend (current: Int, total: Int) -> Unit)?,
+        ): RawCard<*> {
             val tagId = tag.currentIDm.toByteArray()
             /*
              * onlyFirst = true is an iOS-specific hack to work around
@@ -250,10 +259,13 @@ class IosNfcScanner : CardScanner {
              *
              * Once iOS fixes this, do an iOS version check instead.
              */
-            return FeliCaReader.readTag(tagId, IosFeliCaTagAdapter(tag), onlyFirst = true)
+            return FeliCaReader.readTag(tagId, IosFeliCaTagAdapter(tag), onlyFirst = true, onProgress = onProgress)
         }
 
-        private suspend fun readMiFareTag(tag: NFCMiFareTagProtocol): RawCard<*> {
+        private suspend fun readMiFareTag(
+            tag: NFCMiFareTagProtocol,
+            onProgress: (suspend (current: Int, total: Int) -> Unit)?,
+        ): RawCard<*> {
             val tagId = tag.identifier.toByteArray()
             return when (tag.mifareFamily) {
                 NFCMiFareDESFire -> {
@@ -264,7 +276,7 @@ class IosNfcScanner : CardScanner {
                     val transceiver = IosCardTransceiver(tag)
                     transceiver.connect()
                     try {
-                        DesfireCardReader.readCard(tagId, transceiver)
+                        DesfireCardReader.readCard(tagId, transceiver, onProgress)
                     } finally {
                         if (transceiver.isConnected) {
                             try {
@@ -279,7 +291,7 @@ class IosNfcScanner : CardScanner {
                     val tech = IosUltralightTechnology(tag)
                     tech.connect()
                     try {
-                        UltralightCardReader.readCard(tagId, tech)
+                        UltralightCardReader.readCard(tagId, tech, onProgress)
                     } finally {
                         if (tech.isConnected) {
                             try {
@@ -295,7 +307,7 @@ class IosNfcScanner : CardScanner {
                     val transceiver = IosCardTransceiver(tag)
                     transceiver.connect()
                     try {
-                        CEPASCardReader.readCard(tagId, transceiver)
+                        CEPASCardReader.readCard(tagId, transceiver, onProgress)
                     } finally {
                         if (transceiver.isConnected) {
                             try {
diff --git a/app/web/src/wasmJsMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/web/WebCardScanner.kt b/app/web/src/wasmJsMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/web/WebCardScanner.kt
index 986de24d6..960cabd41 100644
--- a/app/web/src/wasmJsMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/web/WebCardScanner.kt
+++ b/app/web/src/wasmJsMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/web/WebCardScanner.kt
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import com.codebutler.farebot.card.nfc.pn533.WebUsbPN533Transport
 import com.codebutler.farebot.card.ultralight.UltralightCardReader
 import com.codebutler.farebot.shared.nfc.CardScanner
 import com.codebutler.farebot.shared.nfc.ISO7816Dispatcher
+import com.codebutler.farebot.shared.nfc.ReadingProgress
 import com.codebutler.farebot.shared.nfc.ScannedTag
 import kotlinx.coroutines.CancellationException
 import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope
@@ -60,6 +61,9 @@ class WebCardScanner : CardScanner {
     private val _isScanning = MutableStateFlow(false)
     override val isScanning: StateFlow<Boolean> = _isScanning.asStateFlow()
 
+    private val _readingProgress = MutableStateFlow<ReadingProgress?>(null)
+    override val readingProgress: StateFlow<ReadingProgress?> = _readingProgress.asStateFlow()
+
     private var scanJob: Job? = null
     private var transport: WebUsbPN533Transport? = null
     private val scope = CoroutineScope(SupervisorJob())
@@ -108,6 +112,7 @@ class WebCardScanner : CardScanner {
         transport?.close()
         transport = null
         _isScanning.value = false
+        _readingProgress.value = null
     }
 
     private suspend fun pollLoop(transport: WebUsbPN533Transport) {
@@ -157,9 +162,11 @@ class WebCardScanner : CardScanner {
 
             try {
                 val rawCard = readTarget(pn533, target)
+                _readingProgress.value = null
                 _scannedCards.tryEmit(rawCard)
                 println("[WebUSB] Card read successfully")
             } catch (e: Exception) {
+                _readingProgress.value = null
                 println("[WebUSB] Read error: ${e.message}")
                 _scanErrors.tryEmit(e)
             }
@@ -185,6 +192,10 @@ class WebCardScanner : CardScanner {
             is PN533.TargetInfo.FeliCa -> readFeliCaCard(pn533, target)
         }
 
+    private val onProgress: suspend (Int, Int) -> Unit = { current, total ->
+        _readingProgress.value = ReadingProgress(current, total)
+    }
+
     private suspend fun readTypeACard(
         pn533: PN533,
         target: PN533.TargetInfo.TypeA,
@@ -200,27 +211,27 @@ class WebCardScanner : CardScanner {
         return when (info.cardType) {
             CardType.MifareDesfire, CardType.ISO7816 -> {
                 val transceiver = PN533CardTransceiver(pn533, target.tg)
-                ISO7816Dispatcher.readCard(tagId, transceiver)
+                ISO7816Dispatcher.readCard(tagId, transceiver, onProgress)
             }
 
             CardType.MifareClassic -> {
                 val tech = PN533ClassicTechnology(pn533, target.tg, tagId, info)
-                ClassicCardReader.readCard(tagId, tech, null)
+                ClassicCardReader.readCard(tagId, tech, null, onProgress = onProgress)
             }
 
             CardType.MifareUltralight -> {
                 val tech = PN533UltralightTechnology(pn533, target.tg, info)
-                UltralightCardReader.readCard(tagId, tech)
+                UltralightCardReader.readCard(tagId, tech, onProgress)
             }
 
             CardType.CEPAS -> {
                 val transceiver = PN533CardTransceiver(pn533, target.tg)
-                CEPASCardReader.readCard(tagId, transceiver)
+                CEPASCardReader.readCard(tagId, transceiver, onProgress)
             }
 
             else -> {
                 val transceiver = PN533CardTransceiver(pn533, target.tg)
-                ISO7816Dispatcher.readCard(tagId, transceiver)
+                ISO7816Dispatcher.readCard(tagId, transceiver, onProgress)
             }
         }
     }
@@ -232,7 +243,7 @@ class WebCardScanner : CardScanner {
         val tagId = target.idm
         println("[WebUSB] FeliCa card: IDm=${tagId.hex()}")
         val adapter = PN533FeliCaTagAdapter(pn533, tagId)
-        return FeliCaReader.readTag(tagId, adapter)
+        return FeliCaReader.readTag(tagId, adapter, onProgress = onProgress)
     }
 
     private suspend fun waitForRemoval(pn533: PN533) {
diff --git a/card/cepas/src/androidMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/cepas/CEPASTagReader.kt b/card/cepas/src/androidMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/cepas/CEPASTagReader.kt
index 68316666d..b15a7455a 100644
--- a/card/cepas/src/androidMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/cepas/CEPASTagReader.kt
+++ b/card/cepas/src/androidMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/cepas/CEPASTagReader.kt
@@ -42,5 +42,6 @@ class CEPASTagReader(
         tag: Tag,
         tech: CardTransceiver,
         cardKeys: CardKeys?,
-    ): RawCEPASCard = CEPASCardReader.readCard(tagId, tech)
+        onProgress: (suspend (current: Int, total: Int) -> Unit)?,
+    ): RawCEPASCard = CEPASCardReader.readCard(tagId, tech, onProgress)
 }
diff --git a/card/cepas/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/cepas/CEPASCardReader.kt b/card/cepas/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/cepas/CEPASCardReader.kt
index bcf20c6b8..8f3dd840c 100644
--- a/card/cepas/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/cepas/CEPASCardReader.kt
+++ b/card/cepas/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/cepas/CEPASCardReader.kt
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ object CEPASCardReader {
     suspend fun readCard(
         tagId: ByteArray,
         tech: CardTransceiver,
+        onProgress: (suspend (current: Int, total: Int) -> Unit)? = null,
     ): RawCEPASCard {
         val purses = arrayOfNulls<RawCEPASPurse>(16)
         val histories = arrayOfNulls<RawCEPASHistory>(16)
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ object CEPASCardReader {
         val protocol = CEPASProtocol(ISO7816Protocol(tech))
 
         for (purseId in purses.indices) {
+            onProgress?.invoke(purseId, 32)
             val purseData = protocol.getPurse(purseId)
             purses[purseId] =
                 if (purseData != null) {
@@ -51,6 +53,7 @@ object CEPASCardReader {
         }
 
         for (historyId in histories.indices) {
+            onProgress?.invoke(16 + historyId, 32)
             val rawCEPASPurse = purses[historyId]!!
             if (rawCEPASPurse.isValid) {
                 val historyData = protocol.getHistory(historyId)
diff --git a/card/classic/src/androidMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/classic/ClassicTagReader.kt b/card/classic/src/androidMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/classic/ClassicTagReader.kt
index 03ebbe197..65eadc90f 100644
--- a/card/classic/src/androidMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/classic/ClassicTagReader.kt
+++ b/card/classic/src/androidMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/classic/ClassicTagReader.kt
@@ -44,5 +44,6 @@ class ClassicTagReader(
         tag: Tag,
         tech: ClassicTechnology,
         cardKeys: ClassicCardKeys?,
-    ): RawClassicCard = ClassicCardReader.readCard(tagId, tech, cardKeys)
+        onProgress: (suspend (current: Int, total: Int) -> Unit)?,
+    ): RawClassicCard = ClassicCardReader.readCard(tagId, tech, cardKeys, onProgress = onProgress)
 }
diff --git a/card/classic/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/classic/ClassicCardReader.kt b/card/classic/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/classic/ClassicCardReader.kt
index 9c88513b4..831579fa1 100644
--- a/card/classic/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/classic/ClassicCardReader.kt
+++ b/card/classic/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/classic/ClassicCardReader.kt
@@ -49,10 +49,13 @@ object ClassicCardReader {
         tech: ClassicTechnology,
         cardKeys: ClassicCardKeys?,
         globalKeys: List<ByteArray>? = null,
+        onProgress: (suspend (current: Int, total: Int) -> Unit)? = null,
     ): RawClassicCard {
         val sectors = ArrayList<RawClassicSector>()
+        val sectorCount = tech.sectorCount
 
-        for (sectorIndex in 0 until tech.sectorCount) {
+        for (sectorIndex in 0 until sectorCount) {
+            onProgress?.invoke(sectorIndex, sectorCount)
             try {
                 var authSuccess = false
                 var successfulKey: ByteArray? = null
diff --git a/card/desfire/src/androidMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/desfire/DesfireTagReader.kt b/card/desfire/src/androidMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/desfire/DesfireTagReader.kt
index 898eac857..90c6d0e5c 100644
--- a/card/desfire/src/androidMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/desfire/DesfireTagReader.kt
+++ b/card/desfire/src/androidMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/desfire/DesfireTagReader.kt
@@ -42,5 +42,6 @@ class DesfireTagReader(
         tag: Tag,
         tech: CardTransceiver,
         cardKeys: CardKeys?,
-    ): RawDesfireCard = DesfireCardReader.readCard(tagId, tech)
+        onProgress: (suspend (current: Int, total: Int) -> Unit)?,
+    ): RawDesfireCard = DesfireCardReader.readCard(tagId, tech, onProgress)
 }
diff --git a/card/desfire/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/desfire/DesfireCardReader.kt b/card/desfire/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/desfire/DesfireCardReader.kt
index 33db1135a..ec2ad2d0c 100644
--- a/card/desfire/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/desfire/DesfireCardReader.kt
+++ b/card/desfire/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/desfire/DesfireCardReader.kt
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ object DesfireCardReader {
     suspend fun readCard(
         tagId: ByteArray,
         tech: CardTransceiver,
+        onProgress: (suspend (current: Int, total: Int) -> Unit)? = null,
     ): RawDesfireCard {
         val desfireProtocol = DesfireProtocol(tech)
 
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ object DesfireCardReader {
                 intArrayOf()
             }
 
-        val apps = readApplications(desfireProtocol, appIds)
+        val apps = readApplications(desfireProtocol, appIds, onProgress)
         return RawDesfireCard.create(tagId, Clock.System.now(), apps, manufData, appListLocked)
     }
 
@@ -61,6 +62,7 @@ object DesfireCardReader {
     private suspend fun readApplications(
         desfireProtocol: DesfireProtocol,
         appIds: IntArray,
+        onProgress: (suspend (current: Int, total: Int) -> Unit)? = null,
     ): List<RawDesfireApplication> {
         val apps = ArrayList<RawDesfireApplication>()
 
@@ -70,7 +72,8 @@ object DesfireCardReader {
         // - Use unlocker.getOrder() to reorder file IDs
         // - Call unlocker.unlock() before reading each file
 
-        for (appId in appIds) {
+        for ((appIndex, appId) in appIds.withIndex()) {
+            onProgress?.invoke(appIndex, appIds.size)
             try {
                 desfireProtocol.selectApp(appId)
             } catch (e: NotFoundException) {
diff --git a/card/felica/src/androidMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/felica/FelicaTagReader.kt b/card/felica/src/androidMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/felica/FelicaTagReader.kt
index db7fefb7d..d50a5a360 100644
--- a/card/felica/src/androidMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/felica/FelicaTagReader.kt
+++ b/card/felica/src/androidMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/felica/FelicaTagReader.kt
@@ -43,8 +43,9 @@ class FelicaTagReader(
         tag: Tag,
         tech: NfcFTechnology,
         cardKeys: CardKeys?,
+        onProgress: (suspend (current: Int, total: Int) -> Unit)?,
     ): RawFelicaCard {
         val adapter = AndroidFeliCaTagAdapter(tag)
-        return FeliCaReader.readTag(tagId, adapter)
+        return FeliCaReader.readTag(tagId, adapter, onProgress = onProgress)
     }
 }
diff --git a/card/felica/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/felica/FeliCaReader.kt b/card/felica/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/felica/FeliCaReader.kt
index 37c74aec4..8021999d3 100644
--- a/card/felica/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/felica/FeliCaReader.kt
+++ b/card/felica/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/felica/FeliCaReader.kt
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ object FeliCaReader {
         tagId: ByteArray,
         adapter: FeliCaTagAdapter,
         onlyFirst: Boolean = false,
+        onProgress: (suspend (current: Int, total: Int) -> Unit)? = null,
     ): RawFelicaCard {
         val idmBytes = adapter.getIDm()
         val idm = FeliCaIdm(idmBytes)
@@ -85,6 +86,7 @@ object FeliCaReader {
         val systems = mutableListOf<FelicaSystem>()
 
         for ((systemNumber, systemCode) in systemCodes.withIndex()) {
+            onProgress?.invoke(systemNumber, systemCodes.size)
             // We can get System Code 0 from magic fallbacks -- drop this.
             if (systemCode == 0) continue
 
diff --git a/card/iso7816/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/iso7816/ISO7816CardReader.kt b/card/iso7816/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/iso7816/ISO7816CardReader.kt
index 6bae932de..bc3d3ca39 100644
--- a/card/iso7816/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/iso7816/ISO7816CardReader.kt
+++ b/card/iso7816/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/iso7816/ISO7816CardReader.kt
@@ -67,11 +67,13 @@ object ISO7816CardReader {
         tagId: ByteArray,
         transceiver: CardTransceiver,
         appConfigs: List<AppConfig>,
+        onProgress: (suspend (current: Int, total: Int) -> Unit)? = null,
     ): RawISO7816Card? {
         val protocol = ISO7816Protocol(transceiver)
         val applications = mutableListOf<ISO7816Application>()
 
-        for (config in appConfigs) {
+        for ((configIndex, config) in appConfigs.withIndex()) {
+            onProgress?.invoke(configIndex, appConfigs.size)
             val app = tryReadApplication(protocol, config) ?: continue
             applications.add(app)
         }
diff --git a/card/src/androidMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/TagReader.kt b/card/src/androidMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/TagReader.kt
index 1336a98da..0ad6d0d8b 100644
--- a/card/src/androidMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/TagReader.kt
+++ b/card/src/androidMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/TagReader.kt
@@ -36,11 +36,11 @@ abstract class TagReader<
     private val mCardKeys: K?,
 ) {
     @Throws(Exception::class)
-    suspend fun readTag(): C {
+    suspend fun readTag(onProgress: (suspend (current: Int, total: Int) -> Unit)? = null): C {
         val tech = getTech(mTag)
         try {
             tech.connect()
-            return readTag(mTagId, mTag, tech, mCardKeys)
+            return readTag(mTagId, mTag, tech, mCardKeys, onProgress)
         } finally {
             if (tech.isConnected) {
                 try {
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ abstract class TagReader<
         tag: Tag,
         tech: T,
         cardKeys: K?,
+        onProgress: (suspend (current: Int, total: Int) -> Unit)? = null,
     ): C
 
     protected abstract fun getTech(tag: Tag): T
diff --git a/card/src/wasmJsMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/nfc/pn533/WebUsbPN533Transport.kt b/card/src/wasmJsMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/nfc/pn533/WebUsbPN533Transport.kt
index 141fd106e..9d20b5d63 100644
--- a/card/src/wasmJsMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/nfc/pn533/WebUsbPN533Transport.kt
+++ b/card/src/wasmJsMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/nfc/pn533/WebUsbPN533Transport.kt
@@ -286,6 +286,11 @@ private fun jsWebUsbStartTransferOut(dataStr: JsString) {
         """
         (function() {
             window._fbUsbOut = { ready: false, error: null };
+            if (!window._fbUsb || !window._fbUsb.device) {
+                window._fbUsbOut.error = 'Device not connected';
+                window._fbUsbOut.ready = true;
+                return;
+            }
             var parts = dataStr.split(',');
             var bytes = new Uint8Array(parts.length);
             for (var i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) bytes[i] = parseInt(parts[i]);
@@ -309,6 +314,10 @@ private fun jsWebUsbStartTransferIn(timeoutMs: Int) {
         """
         (function() {
             window._fbUsbIn = { data: null, ready: false };
+            if (!window._fbUsb || !window._fbUsb.device) {
+                window._fbUsbIn.ready = true;
+                return;
+            }
             var timer = setTimeout(function() {
                 if (!window._fbUsbIn.ready) window._fbUsbIn.ready = true;
             }, timeoutMs);
diff --git a/card/ultralight/src/androidMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/ultralight/UltralightTagReader.kt b/card/ultralight/src/androidMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/ultralight/UltralightTagReader.kt
index 213fa6adb..95697f466 100644
--- a/card/ultralight/src/androidMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/ultralight/UltralightTagReader.kt
+++ b/card/ultralight/src/androidMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/ultralight/UltralightTagReader.kt
@@ -42,5 +42,6 @@ class UltralightTagReader(
         tag: Tag,
         tech: UltralightTechnology,
         cardKeys: CardKeys?,
-    ): RawUltralightCard = UltralightCardReader.readCard(tagId, tech)
+        onProgress: (suspend (current: Int, total: Int) -> Unit)?,
+    ): RawUltralightCard = UltralightCardReader.readCard(tagId, tech, onProgress)
 }
diff --git a/card/ultralight/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/ultralight/UltralightCardReader.kt b/card/ultralight/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/ultralight/UltralightCardReader.kt
index 08440a1e2..c4179058e 100644
--- a/card/ultralight/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/ultralight/UltralightCardReader.kt
+++ b/card/ultralight/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/ultralight/UltralightCardReader.kt
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ object UltralightCardReader {
     suspend fun readCard(
         tagId: ByteArray,
         tech: UltralightTechnology,
+        onProgress: (suspend (current: Int, total: Int) -> Unit)? = null,
     ): RawUltralightCard {
         // Detect card type using protocol commands (GET_VERSION, AUTH_1)
         val detectedType = detectCardType(tech)
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ object UltralightCardReader {
         val pages = mutableListOf<UltralightPage>()
         var unauthorized = false
         while (pageNumber < size) {
+            onProgress?.invoke(pageNumber, size)
             if (pageNumber % 4 == 0) {
                 try {
                     pageBuffer = tech.readPages(pageNumber)
diff --git a/card/vicinity/src/androidMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/vicinity/VicinityTagReader.kt b/card/vicinity/src/androidMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/vicinity/VicinityTagReader.kt
index a603bafcc..9c50c44ee 100644
--- a/card/vicinity/src/androidMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/vicinity/VicinityTagReader.kt
+++ b/card/vicinity/src/androidMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/vicinity/VicinityTagReader.kt
@@ -48,5 +48,6 @@ class VicinityTagReader(
         tag: Tag,
         tech: VicinityTechnology,
         cardKeys: CardKeys?,
+        onProgress: (suspend (current: Int, total: Int) -> Unit)?,
     ): RawVicinityCard = VicinityCardReader.readCard(tagId, tech)
 }
diff --git a/card/vicinity/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/vicinity/VicinityCardReader.kt b/card/vicinity/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/vicinity/VicinityCardReader.kt
index 785f10b3c..f4cad34c5 100644
--- a/card/vicinity/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/vicinity/VicinityCardReader.kt
+++ b/card/vicinity/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/card/vicinity/VicinityCardReader.kt
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ object VicinityCardReader {
     suspend fun readCard(
         tagId: ByteArray,
         tech: VicinityTechnology,
+        onProgress: (suspend (current: Int, total: Int) -> Unit)? = null,
     ): RawVicinityCard {
         val uid = tech.uid