diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 40d1affe0f..0df0de8cee 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -135,6 +135,8 @@ END_UNRELEASED_TEMPLATE
 * (gazelle) Fix `gazelle_python_manifest.test` so that it accesses manifest files via `runfile` path handling rather than directly ([#3397](https://github.com/bazel-contrib/rules_python/issues/3397)).
 * (core rules) For the system_python bootstrap, the runfiles root is added to
   sys.path.
+* (sphinxdocs) The sphinxdocs `.serve` target is now compatible with Bazel's `--symlink_prefix`
+  flag ([#3410](https://github.com/bazel-contrib/rules_python/issues/3410)).
 
 {#v1-8-0-added}
 ### Added
diff --git a/sphinxdocs/private/sphinx.bzl b/sphinxdocs/private/sphinx.bzl
index e444429233..0efbc269c5 100644
--- a/sphinxdocs/private/sphinx.bzl
+++ b/sphinxdocs/private/sphinx.bzl
@@ -189,8 +189,9 @@ def sphinx_docs(
         srcs = [_SPHINX_SERVE_MAIN_SRC],
         main = _SPHINX_SERVE_MAIN_SRC,
         data = [html_name],
+        deps = [Label("//python/runfiles")],
         args = [
-            "$(execpath {})".format(html_name),
+            "$(rlocationpath {})".format(html_name),
         ],
         **common_kwargs_with_manual_tag
     )
diff --git a/sphinxdocs/private/sphinx_server.py b/sphinxdocs/private/sphinx_server.py
index 1f4fae86de..1bd6ee5550 100644
--- a/sphinxdocs/private/sphinx_server.py
+++ b/sphinxdocs/private/sphinx_server.py
@@ -5,11 +5,15 @@
 import time
 from http import server
 
+from python.runfiles import Runfiles
+
 
 def main(argv):
-    build_workspace_directory = os.environ["BUILD_WORKSPACE_DIRECTORY"]
-    docs_directory = argv[1]
-    serve_directory = os.path.join(build_workspace_directory, docs_directory)
+    r = Runfiles.Create()
+    serve_directory = r.Rlocation(argv[1])
+    if not serve_directory:
+        print(f"Error: could not find runfile for '{argv[1]}'", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 1
 
     class DirectoryHandler(server.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler):
         def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):