dep: disallow pydantic 2.12.0 and 2.12.1, update poetry lock to use pydantic 2.12.3 (#2635)

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# Rationale for this change
Follow up to #2591
Closes #2590

Pydantic released a regression in 2.12.x that was fixed by 2.12.2 and
2.12.3
2.12.2 originally did not work due to incompatible signature that was
fixed in #2626
2.12.3 turn the incompatible signature into a deprecation warning. 

This PR disallows pydantic 2.12.0 and 2.12.1 and update poetry lock to
use pydantic 2.12.3

With #2626 merged, pyiceberg should work with both pydantic 2.12.2 and
2.12.3

## Are these changes tested?
Yes, UT.
Tested both with pydantic 2.12.2 and 2.12.3

## Are there any user-facing changes?

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No

Author: kevinjqliu