fix(@angular/cli): update min Node.js support to 20.19, 22.12, and 24.0 #1580

Job	Run time
lint	2m 12s
build	14s
e2e_windows (windows-2025, 22, npm, 3)	34s
e2e_windows (windows-2025, 22, npm, 2)	29s
e2e_windows (windows-2025, 22, npm, 1)	29s
e2e_windows (windows-2025, 22, npm, 4)	35s
e2e_windows (windows-2025, 22, npm, 0)	36s
e2e_windows (windows-2025, 22, esbuild, 3)	30s
e2e_windows (windows-2025, 22, npm, 5)	27s
e2e_windows (windows-2025, 22, esbuild, 1)	29s
e2e_windows (windows-2025, 22, esbuild, 4)	30s
e2e_windows (windows-2025, 22, esbuild, 5)	31s
e2e_windows (windows-2025, 22, esbuild, 2)	30s
e2e_windows (windows-2025, 22, esbuild, 0)	30s
test	0s
publish-snapshots	0s
Browser Compatibility Tests	0s
e2e-package-managers	0s
e2e-snapshots	0s
e2e	0s
	8m 36s

Provide feedback