From 28223f4344eb034694575e19434d8f657243c6c4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eric Lee <eric.h.lee@shopify.com>
Date: Fri, 7 Nov 2025 13:34:01 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 1/3] minimal foundations of the BulkOps CLI that future PRs
 will build upon

---
 .../cli/api/graphql/admin-bulk-operations.ts  | 44 ++++++++++
 packages/app/src/cli/commands/app/execute.ts  | 83 ++++++++++++++++---
 packages/app/src/cli/flags.ts                 | 16 ++++
 .../cli/services/bulk-operation-run-query.ts  | 40 +++++++++
 .../bulk-operations-run-query.test.ts         | 42 ++++++++++
 packages/cli/oclif.manifest.json              | 23 ++++-
 6 files changed, 233 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 packages/app/src/cli/api/graphql/admin-bulk-operations.ts
 create mode 100644 packages/app/src/cli/services/bulk-operation-run-query.ts
 create mode 100644 packages/app/src/cli/services/bulk-operations-run-query.test.ts

diff --git a/packages/app/src/cli/api/graphql/admin-bulk-operations.ts b/packages/app/src/cli/api/graphql/admin-bulk-operations.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f4c0706a8f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/app/src/cli/api/graphql/admin-bulk-operations.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import {gql} from 'graphql-request'
+
+// eslint-disable-next-line @shopify/cli/no-inline-graphql
+export const BulkOperationRunQuery = gql`
+  mutation BulkOperationRunQuery($query: String!) {
+    bulkOperationRunQuery(query: $query) {
+      bulkOperation {
+        id
+        status
+        errorCode
+        createdAt
+        objectCount
+        fileSize
+        url
+      }
+      userErrors {
+        field
+        message
+      }
+    }
+  }
+`
+
+export interface BulkOperation {
+  id: string
+  status: string
+  errorCode: string | null
+  createdAt: string
+  objectCount: string
+  fileSize: string
+  url: string | null
+}
+
+export interface BulkOperationError {
+  field: string[] | null
+  message: string
+}
+
+export interface BulkOperationRunQuerySchema {
+  bulkOperationRunQuery: {
+    bulkOperation: BulkOperation | null
+    userErrors: BulkOperationError[]
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/app/src/cli/commands/app/execute.ts b/packages/app/src/cli/commands/app/execute.ts
index a3dba4e5186..5bd5b469b12 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/cli/commands/app/execute.ts
+++ b/packages/app/src/cli/commands/app/execute.ts
@@ -1,29 +1,86 @@
-import {appFlags} from '../../flags.js'
-import AppUnlinkedCommand, {AppUnlinkedCommandOutput} from '../../utilities/app-unlinked-command.js'
-import {AppInterface} from '../../models/app/app.js'
+import {appFlags, bulkOperationFlags} from '../../flags.js'
+import AppLinkedCommand, {AppLinkedCommandOutput} from '../../utilities/app-linked-command.js'
+import {linkedAppContext} from '../../services/app-context.js'
+import {storeContext} from '../../services/store-context.js'
+import {runBulkOperationQuery} from '../../services/bulk-operation-run-query.js'
 import {globalFlags} from '@shopify/cli-kit/node/cli'
-import {renderSuccess} from '@shopify/cli-kit/node/ui'
+import {renderSuccess, renderInfo, renderWarning} from '@shopify/cli-kit/node/ui'
+import {outputContent, outputToken} from '@shopify/cli-kit/node/output'
 
-export default class Execute extends AppUnlinkedCommand {
-  static summary = 'Execute app operations.'
+export default class Execute extends AppLinkedCommand {
+  static summary = 'Execute bulk operations.'
 
-  static description = 'Execute app operations.'
+  static description = 'Execute bulk operations against the Shopify Admin API.'
 
   static hidden = true
 
   static flags = {
     ...globalFlags,
     ...appFlags,
+    ...bulkOperationFlags,
   }
 
-  async run(): Promise<AppUnlinkedCommandOutput> {
-    await this.parse(Execute)
+  async run(): Promise<AppLinkedCommandOutput> {
+    const {flags} = await this.parse(Execute)
 
-    renderSuccess({
-      headline: 'Execute command ran successfully!',
-      body: 'Placeholder command. Add execution logic here.',
+    const appContextResult = await linkedAppContext({
+      directory: flags.path,
+      clientId: flags['client-id'],
+      forceRelink: flags.reset,
+      userProvidedConfigName: flags.config,
     })
 
-    return {app: undefined as unknown as AppInterface}
+    const store = await storeContext({
+      appContextResult,
+      storeFqdn: flags.store,
+      forceReselectStore: flags.reset,
+    })
+
+    renderInfo({
+      headline: 'Starting bulk operation.',
+      body: `App: ${appContextResult.app.name}\nStore: ${store.shopDomain}`,
+    })
+
+    const {result, errors} = await runBulkOperationQuery({
+      storeFqdn: store.shopDomain,
+      query: flags.query,
+    })
+
+    if (errors?.length) {
+      const errorMessages = errors.map((error) => `${error.field?.join('.') ?? 'unknown'}: ${error.message}`).join('\n')
+      renderWarning({
+        headline: 'Bulk operation errors.',
+        body: errorMessages,
+      })
+      return {app: appContextResult.app}
+    }
+
+    if (result) {
+      const infoSections = [
+        {
+          title: 'Bulk Operation Created',
+          body: [
+            {
+              list: {
+                items: [
+                  outputContent`ID: ${outputToken.cyan(result.id)}`.value,
+                  outputContent`Status: ${outputToken.yellow(result.status)}`.value,
+                  outputContent`Created: ${outputToken.gray(result.createdAt)}`.value,
+                ],
+              },
+            },
+          ],
+        },
+      ]
+
+      renderInfo({customSections: infoSections})
+
+      renderSuccess({
+        headline: 'Bulk operation started successfully!',
+        body: 'Congrats!',
+      })
+    }
+
+    return {app: appContextResult.app}
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/app/src/cli/flags.ts b/packages/app/src/cli/flags.ts
index bf6944a81ea..6da20e180fb 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/cli/flags.ts
+++ b/packages/app/src/cli/flags.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import {Flags} from '@oclif/core'
 import {resolvePath, cwd} from '@shopify/cli-kit/node/path'
+import {normalizeStoreFqdn} from '@shopify/cli-kit/node/context/fqdn'
 
 /**
  * An object that contains the flags that
@@ -33,3 +34,18 @@ export const appFlags = {
     exclusive: ['config'],
   }),
 }
+
+export const bulkOperationFlags = {
+  query: Flags.string({
+    char: 'q',
+    description: 'The GraphQL query, as a string.',
+    env: 'SHOPIFY_FLAG_QUERY',
+    required: true,
+  }),
+  store: Flags.string({
+    char: 's',
+    description: 'Store URL. Must be an existing development or Shopify Plus sandbox store.',
+    env: 'SHOPIFY_FLAG_STORE',
+    parse: async (input) => normalizeStoreFqdn(input),
+  }),
+}
diff --git a/packages/app/src/cli/services/bulk-operation-run-query.ts b/packages/app/src/cli/services/bulk-operation-run-query.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8002b832f54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/app/src/cli/services/bulk-operation-run-query.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import {
+  BulkOperationRunQuery,
+  BulkOperation,
+  BulkOperationError,
+  BulkOperationRunQuerySchema,
+} from '../api/graphql/admin-bulk-operations.js'
+import {adminRequest} from '@shopify/cli-kit/node/api/admin'
+import {ensureAuthenticatedAdmin} from '@shopify/cli-kit/node/session'
+
+interface BulkOperationRunQueryOptions {
+  storeFqdn: string
+  query: string
+}
+
+/**
+ * Executes a bulk operation query against the Shopify Admin API.
+ * The operation runs asynchronously in the background.
+ */
+export async function runBulkOperationQuery(
+  options: BulkOperationRunQueryOptions,
+): Promise<{result?: BulkOperation; errors?: BulkOperationError[]}> {
+  const {storeFqdn, query} = options
+  const adminSession = await ensureAuthenticatedAdmin(storeFqdn)
+  const response = await adminRequest<BulkOperationRunQuerySchema>(BulkOperationRunQuery, adminSession, {query})
+
+  if (response.bulkOperationRunQuery.userErrors.length > 0) {
+    return {
+      errors: response.bulkOperationRunQuery.userErrors,
+    }
+  }
+
+  const bulkOperation = response.bulkOperationRunQuery.bulkOperation
+  if (bulkOperation) {
+    return {result: bulkOperation}
+  }
+
+  return {
+    errors: [{field: null, message: 'No bulk operation was created'}],
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/app/src/cli/services/bulk-operations-run-query.test.ts b/packages/app/src/cli/services/bulk-operations-run-query.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4d2bf4b7c8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/app/src/cli/services/bulk-operations-run-query.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import {runBulkOperationQuery} from './bulk-operation-run-query.js'
+import {adminRequest} from '@shopify/cli-kit/node/api/admin'
+import {ensureAuthenticatedAdmin} from '@shopify/cli-kit/node/session'
+import {describe, test, expect, vi, beforeEach} from 'vitest'
+
+vi.mock('@shopify/cli-kit/node/api/admin')
+vi.mock('@shopify/cli-kit/node/session')
+
+describe('runBulkOperationQuery', () => {
+  const mockSession = {token: 'test-token', storeFqdn: 'test-store.myshopify.com'}
+  const successfulBulkOperation = {
+    id: 'gid://shopify/BulkOperation/123',
+    status: 'CREATED',
+    errorCode: null,
+    createdAt: '2024-01-01T00:00:00Z',
+    objectCount: '0',
+    fileSize: '0',
+    url: null,
+  }
+  const mockSuccessResponse = {
+    bulkOperationRunQuery: {
+      bulkOperation: successfulBulkOperation,
+      userErrors: [],
+    },
+  }
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.mocked(ensureAuthenticatedAdmin).mockResolvedValue(mockSession)
+  })
+
+  test('returns a bulk operation when request succeeds', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(adminRequest).mockResolvedValue(mockSuccessResponse)
+
+    const bulkOperationResult = await runBulkOperationQuery({
+      storeFqdn: 'test-store.myshopify.com',
+      query: 'query { products { edges { node { id } } } }',
+    })
+
+    expect(bulkOperationResult.result).toEqual(successfulBulkOperation)
+    expect(bulkOperationResult.errors).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+})
diff --git a/packages/cli/oclif.manifest.json b/packages/cli/oclif.manifest.json
index 9ae31dcf8fe..febd61f6e87 100644
--- a/packages/cli/oclif.manifest.json
+++ b/packages/cli/oclif.manifest.json
@@ -814,7 +814,7 @@
       "args": {
       },
       "customPluginName": "@shopify/app",
-      "description": "Execute app operations.",
+      "description": "Execute bulk operations against the Shopify Admin API.",
       "flags": {
         "client-id": {
           "description": "The Client ID of your app.",
@@ -855,6 +855,16 @@
           "noCacheDefault": true,
           "type": "option"
         },
+        "query": {
+          "char": "q",
+          "description": "The GraphQL query, as a string.",
+          "env": "SHOPIFY_FLAG_QUERY",
+          "hasDynamicHelp": false,
+          "multiple": false,
+          "name": "query",
+          "required": true,
+          "type": "option"
+        },
         "reset": {
           "allowNo": false,
           "description": "Reset all your settings.",
@@ -866,6 +876,15 @@
           "name": "reset",
           "type": "boolean"
         },
+        "store": {
+          "char": "s",
+          "description": "Store URL. Must be an existing development or Shopify Plus sandbox store.",
+          "env": "SHOPIFY_FLAG_STORE",
+          "hasDynamicHelp": false,
+          "multiple": false,
+          "name": "store",
+          "type": "option"
+        },
         "verbose": {
           "allowNo": false,
           "description": "Increase the verbosity of the output.",
@@ -884,7 +903,7 @@
       "pluginName": "@shopify/cli",
       "pluginType": "core",
       "strict": true,
-      "summary": "Execute app operations."
+      "summary": "Execute bulk operations."
     },
     "app:function:build": {
       "aliases": [

From 05a5da9d29fb09b6a14b234fd1dfbea5f5e1a55b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eric Lee <eric.h.lee@shopify.com>
Date: Mon, 10 Nov 2025 18:16:27 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 2/3] refactor with generated GraphQL types

---
 graphql.config.ts                             |   1 +
 packages/app/project.json                     |  27 ++-
 .../cli/api/graphql/admin-bulk-operations.ts  |  44 -----
 .../generated/bulk-operation-run-query.ts     |  92 ++++++++++
 .../bulk-operations/generated/types.d.ts      | 163 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../bulk-operation-run-query.graphql          |  18 ++
 packages/app/src/cli/commands/app/execute.ts  |  11 +-
 .../cli/services/bulk-operation-run-query.ts  |  31 ++--
 .../bulk-operations-run-query.test.ts         |   8 +-
 9 files changed, 316 insertions(+), 79 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 packages/app/src/cli/api/graphql/admin-bulk-operations.ts
 create mode 100644 packages/app/src/cli/api/graphql/bulk-operations/generated/bulk-operation-run-query.ts
 create mode 100644 packages/app/src/cli/api/graphql/bulk-operations/generated/types.d.ts
 create mode 100644 packages/app/src/cli/api/graphql/bulk-operations/mutations/bulk-operation-run-query.graphql

diff --git a/graphql.config.ts b/graphql.config.ts
index 86ad826236e..dc34cb06360 100644
--- a/graphql.config.ts
+++ b/graphql.config.ts
@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ export default {
     appDev: projectFactory('app-dev', 'app_dev_schema.graphql'),
     appManagement: projectFactory('app-management', 'app_management_schema.graphql'),
     admin: projectFactory('admin', 'admin_schema.graphql', 'cli-kit'),
+    bulkOperations: projectFactory('bulk-operations', 'admin_schema.graphql'),
     webhooks: projectFactory('webhooks', 'webhooks_schema.graphql'),
     functions: projectFactory('functions', 'functions_cli_schema.graphql', 'app'),
   },
diff --git a/packages/app/project.json b/packages/app/project.json
index a142717c91d..fe5bbddfc17 100644
--- a/packages/app/project.json
+++ b/packages/app/project.json
@@ -58,7 +58,8 @@
         "{projectRoot}/src/cli/api/graphql/app-dev/generated/**/*.ts",
         "{projectRoot}/src/cli/api/graphql/app-management/generated/**/*.ts",
         "{projectRoot}/src/cli/api/graphql/webhooks/generated/**/*.ts",
-        "{projectRoot}/src/cli/api/graphql/functions/generated/**/*.ts"
+        "{projectRoot}/src/cli/api/graphql/functions/generated/**/*.ts",
+        "{projectRoot}/src/cli/api/graphql/bulk-operations/generated/**/*.ts"
       ],
       "options": {
         "commands": [
@@ -68,7 +69,8 @@
           "pnpm eslint 'src/cli/api/graphql/app-dev/generated/**/*.{ts,tsx}' --fix",
           "pnpm eslint 'src/cli/api/graphql/app-management/generated/**/*.{ts,tsx}' --fix",
           "pnpm eslint 'src/cli/api/graphql/webhooks/generated/**/*.{ts,tsx}' --fix",
-          "pnpm eslint 'src/cli/api/graphql/functions/generated/**/*.{ts,tsx}' --fix"
+          "pnpm eslint 'src/cli/api/graphql/functions/generated/**/*.{ts,tsx}' --fix",
+          "pnpm eslint 'src/cli/api/graphql/bulk-operations/generated/**/*.{ts,tsx}' --fix"
         ],
         "cwd": "packages/app"
       }
@@ -150,6 +152,17 @@
         "cwd": "{workspaceRoot}"
       }
     },
+    "graphql-codegen:generate:bulk-operations": {
+      "executor": "nx:run-commands",
+      "inputs": ["{workspaceRoot}/graphql.config.ts", "{projectRoot}/src/cli/api/graphql/bulk-operations/**/*.graphql"],
+      "outputs": ["{projectRoot}/src/cli/api/graphql/bulk-operations/generated/**/*.ts"],
+      "options": {
+        "commands": [
+          "pnpm exec graphql-codegen --project=bulkOperations"
+        ],
+        "cwd": "{workspaceRoot}"
+      }
+    },
     "graphql-codegen:postfix": {
       "executor": "nx:run-commands",
       "dependsOn": [
@@ -159,7 +172,8 @@
         "graphql-codegen:generate:app-dev",
         "graphql-codegen:generate:app-management",
         "graphql-codegen:generate:webhooks",
-        "graphql-codegen:generate:functions"
+        "graphql-codegen:generate:functions",
+        "graphql-codegen:generate:bulk-operations"
       ],
       "inputs": [{ "dependentTasksOutputFiles": "**/*.ts" }],
       "outputs": [
@@ -169,7 +183,8 @@
         "{projectRoot}/src/cli/api/graphql/app-dev/generated/**/*.ts",
         "{projectRoot}/src/cli/api/graphql/app-management/generated/**/*.ts",
         "{projectRoot}/src/cli/api/graphql/webhooks/generated/**/*.ts",
-          "{projectRoot}/src/cli/api/graphql/functions/generated/**/*.ts"
+        "{projectRoot}/src/cli/api/graphql/functions/generated/**/*.ts",
+        "{projectRoot}/src/cli/api/graphql/bulk-operations/generated/**/*.ts"
       ],
       "options": {
         "commands": [
@@ -179,11 +194,11 @@
           "find ./packages/app/src/cli/api/graphql/app-dev/generated/ -type f -name '*.ts' -exec sh -c 'sed -i \"\" \"s|import \\* as Types from '\\''./types'\\'';|import \\* as Types from '\\''./types.js'\\'';|g; s|export const \\([A-Za-z0-9_]*\\)Document =|export const \\1 =|g\" \"$0\"' {} \\;",
           "find ./packages/app/src/cli/api/graphql/app-management/generated/ -type f -name '*.ts' -exec sh -c 'sed -i \"\" \"s|import \\* as Types from '\\''./types'\\'';|import \\* as Types from '\\''./types.js'\\'';|g; s|export const \\([A-Za-z0-9_]*\\)Document =|export const \\1 =|g\" \"$0\"' {} \\;",
           "find ./packages/app/src/cli/api/graphql/webhooks/generated/ -type f -name '*.ts' -exec sh -c 'sed -i \"\" \"s|import \\* as Types from '\\''./types'\\'';|import \\* as Types from '\\''./types.js'\\'';|g; s|export const \\([A-Za-z0-9_]*\\)Document =|export const \\1 =|g\" \"$0\"' {} \\;",
-          "find ./packages/app/src/cli/api/graphql/functions/generated/ -type f -name '*.ts' -exec sh -c 'sed -i \"\" \"s|import \\* as Types from '\\''./types'\\'';|import \\* as Types from '\\''./types.js'\\'';|g; s|export const \\([A-Za-z0-9_]*\\)Document =|export const \\1 =|g\" \"$0\"' {} \\;"
+          "find ./packages/app/src/cli/api/graphql/functions/generated/ -type f -name '*.ts' -exec sh -c 'sed -i \"\" \"s|import \\* as Types from '\\''./types'\\'';|import \\* as Types from '\\''./types.js'\\'';|g; s|export const \\([A-Za-z0-9_]*\\)Document =|export const \\1 =|g\" \"$0\"' {} \\;",
+          "find ./packages/app/src/cli/api/graphql/bulk-operations/generated/ -type f -name '*.ts' -exec sh -c 'sed -i \"\" \"s|import \\* as Types from '\\''./types'\\'';|import \\* as Types from '\\''./types.js'\\'';|g; s|export const \\([A-Za-z0-9_]*\\)Document =|export const \\1 =|g\" \"$0\"' {} \\;"
         ],
         "cwd": "{workspaceRoot}"
       }
     }
   }
 }
-
diff --git a/packages/app/src/cli/api/graphql/admin-bulk-operations.ts b/packages/app/src/cli/api/graphql/admin-bulk-operations.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index f4c0706a8f9..00000000000
--- a/packages/app/src/cli/api/graphql/admin-bulk-operations.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-import {gql} from 'graphql-request'
-
-// eslint-disable-next-line @shopify/cli/no-inline-graphql
-export const BulkOperationRunQuery = gql`
-  mutation BulkOperationRunQuery($query: String!) {
-    bulkOperationRunQuery(query: $query) {
-      bulkOperation {
-        id
-        status
-        errorCode
-        createdAt
-        objectCount
-        fileSize
-        url
-      }
-      userErrors {
-        field
-        message
-      }
-    }
-  }
-`
-
-export interface BulkOperation {
-  id: string
-  status: string
-  errorCode: string | null
-  createdAt: string
-  objectCount: string
-  fileSize: string
-  url: string | null
-}
-
-export interface BulkOperationError {
-  field: string[] | null
-  message: string
-}
-
-export interface BulkOperationRunQuerySchema {
-  bulkOperationRunQuery: {
-    bulkOperation: BulkOperation | null
-    userErrors: BulkOperationError[]
-  }
-}
diff --git a/packages/app/src/cli/api/graphql/bulk-operations/generated/bulk-operation-run-query.ts b/packages/app/src/cli/api/graphql/bulk-operations/generated/bulk-operation-run-query.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f1f2cc287c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/app/src/cli/api/graphql/bulk-operations/generated/bulk-operation-run-query.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/consistent-type-definitions, @typescript-eslint/no-redundant-type-constituents */
+import * as Types from './types.js'
+
+import {TypedDocumentNode as DocumentNode} from '@graphql-typed-document-node/core'
+
+export type BulkOperationRunQueryMutationVariables = Types.Exact<{
+  query: Types.Scalars['String']['input']
+}>
+
+export type BulkOperationRunQueryMutation = {
+  bulkOperationRunQuery?: {
+    bulkOperation?: {
+      id: string
+      status: Types.BulkOperationStatus
+      errorCode?: Types.BulkOperationErrorCode | null
+      createdAt: unknown
+      objectCount: unknown
+      fileSize?: unknown | null
+      url?: string | null
+    } | null
+    userErrors: {field?: string[] | null; message: string}[]
+  } | null
+}
+
+export const BulkOperationRunQuery = {
+  kind: 'Document',
+  definitions: [
+    {
+      kind: 'OperationDefinition',
+      operation: 'mutation',
+      name: {kind: 'Name', value: 'BulkOperationRunQuery'},
+      variableDefinitions: [
+        {
+          kind: 'VariableDefinition',
+          variable: {kind: 'Variable', name: {kind: 'Name', value: 'query'}},
+          type: {kind: 'NonNullType', type: {kind: 'NamedType', name: {kind: 'Name', value: 'String'}}},
+        },
+      ],
+      selectionSet: {
+        kind: 'SelectionSet',
+        selections: [
+          {
+            kind: 'Field',
+            name: {kind: 'Name', value: 'bulkOperationRunQuery'},
+            arguments: [
+              {
+                kind: 'Argument',
+                name: {kind: 'Name', value: 'query'},
+                value: {kind: 'Variable', name: {kind: 'Name', value: 'query'}},
+              },
+            ],
+            selectionSet: {
+              kind: 'SelectionSet',
+              selections: [
+                {
+                  kind: 'Field',
+                  name: {kind: 'Name', value: 'bulkOperation'},
+                  selectionSet: {
+                    kind: 'SelectionSet',
+                    selections: [
+                      {kind: 'Field', name: {kind: 'Name', value: 'id'}},
+                      {kind: 'Field', name: {kind: 'Name', value: 'status'}},
+                      {kind: 'Field', name: {kind: 'Name', value: 'errorCode'}},
+                      {kind: 'Field', name: {kind: 'Name', value: 'createdAt'}},
+                      {kind: 'Field', name: {kind: 'Name', value: 'objectCount'}},
+                      {kind: 'Field', name: {kind: 'Name', value: 'fileSize'}},
+                      {kind: 'Field', name: {kind: 'Name', value: 'url'}},
+                      {kind: 'Field', name: {kind: 'Name', value: '__typename'}},
+                    ],
+                  },
+                },
+                {
+                  kind: 'Field',
+                  name: {kind: 'Name', value: 'userErrors'},
+                  selectionSet: {
+                    kind: 'SelectionSet',
+                    selections: [
+                      {kind: 'Field', name: {kind: 'Name', value: 'field'}},
+                      {kind: 'Field', name: {kind: 'Name', value: 'message'}},
+                      {kind: 'Field', name: {kind: 'Name', value: '__typename'}},
+                    ],
+                  },
+                },
+                {kind: 'Field', name: {kind: 'Name', value: '__typename'}},
+              ],
+            },
+          },
+        ],
+      },
+    },
+  ],
+} as unknown as DocumentNode<BulkOperationRunQueryMutation, BulkOperationRunQueryMutationVariables>
diff --git a/packages/app/src/cli/api/graphql/bulk-operations/generated/types.d.ts b/packages/app/src/cli/api/graphql/bulk-operations/generated/types.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c580cd035f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/app/src/cli/api/graphql/bulk-operations/generated/types.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/consistent-type-definitions, @typescript-eslint/naming-convention, @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any, tsdoc/syntax  */
+import {JsonMapType} from '@shopify/cli-kit/node/toml'
+
+export type Maybe<T> = T | null
+export type InputMaybe<T> = Maybe<T>
+export type Exact<T extends {[key: string]: unknown}> = {[K in keyof T]: T[K]}
+export type MakeOptional<T, K extends keyof T> = Omit<T, K> & {[SubKey in K]?: Maybe<T[SubKey]>}
+export type MakeMaybe<T, K extends keyof T> = Omit<T, K> & {[SubKey in K]: Maybe<T[SubKey]>}
+export type MakeEmpty<T extends {[key: string]: unknown}, K extends keyof T> = {[_ in K]?: never}
+export type Incremental<T> = T | {[P in keyof T]?: P extends ' $fragmentName' | '__typename' ? T[P] : never}
+/** All built-in and custom scalars, mapped to their actual values */
+export type Scalars = {
+  ID: {input: string; output: string}
+  String: {input: string; output: string}
+  Boolean: {input: boolean; output: boolean}
+  Int: {input: number; output: number}
+  Float: {input: number; output: number}
+  /**
+   * An Amazon Web Services Amazon Resource Name (ARN), including the Region and account ID.
+   * For more information, refer to [Amazon Resource Names](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/aws-arns-and-namespaces.html).
+   */
+  ARN: {input: any; output: any}
+  /**
+   * Represents non-fractional signed whole numeric values. Since the value may
+   * exceed the size of a 32-bit integer, it's encoded as a string.
+   */
+  BigInt: {input: any; output: any}
+  /**
+   * A string containing a hexadecimal representation of a color.
+   *
+   * For example, "#6A8D48".
+   */
+  Color: {input: any; output: any}
+  /**
+   * Represents an [ISO 8601](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601)-encoded date string.
+   * For example, September 7, 2019 is represented as `"2019-07-16"`.
+   */
+  Date: {input: any; output: any}
+  /**
+   * Represents an [ISO 8601](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601)-encoded date and time string.
+   * For example, 3:50 pm on September 7, 2019 in the time zone of UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) is
+   * represented as `"2019-09-07T15:50:00Z`".
+   */
+  DateTime: {input: any; output: any}
+  /**
+   * A signed decimal number, which supports arbitrary precision and is serialized as a string.
+   *
+   * Example values: `"29.99"`, `"29.999"`.
+   */
+  Decimal: {input: any; output: any}
+  /**
+   * A string containing a strict subset of HTML code. Non-allowed tags will be stripped out.
+   * Allowed tags:
+   * * `a` (allowed attributes: `href`, `target`)
+   * * `b`
+   * * `br`
+   * * `em`
+   * * `i`
+   * * `strong`
+   * * `u`
+   * Use [HTML](https://shopify.dev/api/admin-graphql/latest/scalars/HTML) instead if you need to
+   * include other HTML tags.
+   *
+   * Example value: `"Your current domain is <strong>example.myshopify.com</strong>."`
+   */
+  FormattedString: {input: any; output: any}
+  /**
+   * A string containing HTML code. Refer to the [HTML spec](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#elements-3) for a
+   * complete list of HTML elements.
+   *
+   * Example value: `"<p>Grey cotton knit sweater.</p>"`
+   */
+  HTML: {input: any; output: any}
+  /**
+   * A [JSON](https://www.json.org/json-en.html) object.
+   *
+   * Example value:
+   * `{
+   *   "product": {
+   *     "id": "gid://shopify/Product/1346443542550",
+   *     "title": "White T-shirt",
+   *     "options": [{
+   *       "name": "Size",
+   *       "values": ["M", "L"]
+   *     }]
+   *   }
+   * }`
+   */
+  JSON: {input: JsonMapType | string; output: JsonMapType}
+  /** A monetary value string without a currency symbol or code. Example value: `"100.57"`. */
+  Money: {input: any; output: any}
+  /** A scalar value. */
+  Scalar: {input: any; output: any}
+  /**
+   * Represents a unique identifier in the Storefront API. A `StorefrontID` value can
+   * be used wherever an ID is expected in the Storefront API.
+   *
+   * Example value: `"Z2lkOi8vc2hvcGlmeS9Qcm9kdWN0LzEwMDc5Nzg1MTAw"`.
+   */
+  StorefrontID: {input: any; output: any}
+  /**
+   * Represents an [RFC 3986](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986) and
+   * [RFC 3987](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3987)-compliant URI string.
+   *
+   * For example, `"https://example.myshopify.com"` is a valid URL. It includes a scheme (`https`) and a host
+   * (`example.myshopify.com`).
+   */
+  URL: {input: string; output: string}
+  /**
+   * An unsigned 64-bit integer. Represents whole numeric values between 0 and 2^64 - 1 encoded as a string of base-10 digits.
+   *
+   * Example value: `"50"`.
+   */
+  UnsignedInt64: {input: any; output: any}
+  /**
+   * Time between UTC time and a location's observed time, in the format `"+HH:MM"` or `"-HH:MM"`.
+   *
+   * Example value: `"-07:00"`.
+   */
+  UtcOffset: {input: any; output: any}
+}
+
+/** Error codes for failed bulk operations. */
+export type BulkOperationErrorCode =
+  /**
+   * The provided operation `query` returned access denied due to missing
+   * [access scopes](https://shopify.dev/api/usage/access-scopes).
+   * Review the requested object permissions and execute the query as a normal non-bulk GraphQL request to see more details.
+   */
+  | 'ACCESS_DENIED'
+  /**
+   * The operation resulted in partial or incomplete data due to internal server errors during execution.
+   * These errors might be intermittent, so you can try performing the same query again.
+   */
+  | 'INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR'
+  /**
+   * The operation resulted in partial or incomplete data due to query timeouts during execution.
+   * In some cases, timeouts can be avoided by modifying your `query` to select fewer fields.
+   */
+  | 'TIMEOUT'
+
+/** The valid values for the status of a bulk operation. */
+export type BulkOperationStatus =
+  /** The bulk operation has been canceled. */
+  | 'CANCELED'
+  /**
+   * Cancelation has been initiated on the bulk operation. There may be a short delay from when a cancelation
+   * starts until the operation is actually canceled.
+   */
+  | 'CANCELING'
+  /** The bulk operation has successfully completed. */
+  | 'COMPLETED'
+  /** The bulk operation has been created. */
+  | 'CREATED'
+  /** The bulk operation URL has expired. */
+  | 'EXPIRED'
+  /**
+   * The bulk operation has failed. For information on why the operation failed, use
+   * [BulkOperation.errorCode](https://shopify.dev/api/admin-graphql/latest/enums/bulkoperationerrorcode).
+   */
+  | 'FAILED'
+  /** The bulk operation is runnning. */
+  | 'RUNNING'
diff --git a/packages/app/src/cli/api/graphql/bulk-operations/mutations/bulk-operation-run-query.graphql b/packages/app/src/cli/api/graphql/bulk-operations/mutations/bulk-operation-run-query.graphql
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9fb61f635f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/app/src/cli/api/graphql/bulk-operations/mutations/bulk-operation-run-query.graphql
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+mutation BulkOperationRunQuery($query: String!) {
+  bulkOperationRunQuery(query: $query) {
+    bulkOperation {
+      id
+      status
+      errorCode
+      createdAt
+      objectCount
+      fileSize
+      url
+    }
+    userErrors {
+      field
+      message
+    }
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/packages/app/src/cli/commands/app/execute.ts b/packages/app/src/cli/commands/app/execute.ts
index 5bd5b469b12..52f8be69d5f 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/cli/commands/app/execute.ts
+++ b/packages/app/src/cli/commands/app/execute.ts
@@ -41,13 +41,15 @@ export default class Execute extends AppLinkedCommand {
       body: `App: ${appContextResult.app.name}\nStore: ${store.shopDomain}`,
     })
 
-    const {result, errors} = await runBulkOperationQuery({
+    const bulkOperationResponse = await runBulkOperationQuery({
       storeFqdn: store.shopDomain,
       query: flags.query,
     })
 
-    if (errors?.length) {
-      const errorMessages = errors.map((error) => `${error.field?.join('.') ?? 'unknown'}: ${error.message}`).join('\n')
+    if (bulkOperationResponse?.userErrors?.length) {
+      const errorMessages = bulkOperationResponse.userErrors
+        .map((error) => `${error.field?.join('.') ?? 'unknown'}: ${error.message}`)
+        .join('\n')
       renderWarning({
         headline: 'Bulk operation errors.',
         body: errorMessages,
@@ -55,6 +57,7 @@ export default class Execute extends AppLinkedCommand {
       return {app: appContextResult.app}
     }
 
+    const result = bulkOperationResponse?.bulkOperation
     if (result) {
       const infoSections = [
         {
@@ -65,7 +68,7 @@ export default class Execute extends AppLinkedCommand {
                 items: [
                   outputContent`ID: ${outputToken.cyan(result.id)}`.value,
                   outputContent`Status: ${outputToken.yellow(result.status)}`.value,
-                  outputContent`Created: ${outputToken.gray(result.createdAt)}`.value,
+                  outputContent`Created: ${outputToken.gray(String(result.createdAt))}`.value,
                 ],
               },
             },
diff --git a/packages/app/src/cli/services/bulk-operation-run-query.ts b/packages/app/src/cli/services/bulk-operation-run-query.ts
index 8002b832f54..551d52b1328 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/cli/services/bulk-operation-run-query.ts
+++ b/packages/app/src/cli/services/bulk-operation-run-query.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
 import {
   BulkOperationRunQuery,
-  BulkOperation,
-  BulkOperationError,
-  BulkOperationRunQuerySchema,
-} from '../api/graphql/admin-bulk-operations.js'
-import {adminRequest} from '@shopify/cli-kit/node/api/admin'
+  BulkOperationRunQueryMutation,
+} from '../api/graphql/bulk-operations/generated/bulk-operation-run-query.js'
+import {adminRequestDoc} from '@shopify/cli-kit/node/api/admin'
 import {ensureAuthenticatedAdmin} from '@shopify/cli-kit/node/session'
 
 interface BulkOperationRunQueryOptions {
@@ -18,23 +16,14 @@ interface BulkOperationRunQueryOptions {
  */
 export async function runBulkOperationQuery(
   options: BulkOperationRunQueryOptions,
-): Promise<{result?: BulkOperation; errors?: BulkOperationError[]}> {
+): Promise<BulkOperationRunQueryMutation['bulkOperationRunQuery']> {
   const {storeFqdn, query} = options
   const adminSession = await ensureAuthenticatedAdmin(storeFqdn)
-  const response = await adminRequest<BulkOperationRunQuerySchema>(BulkOperationRunQuery, adminSession, {query})
+  const response = await adminRequestDoc<BulkOperationRunQueryMutation, {query: string}>({
+    query: BulkOperationRunQuery,
+    session: adminSession,
+    variables: {query},
+  })
 
-  if (response.bulkOperationRunQuery.userErrors.length > 0) {
-    return {
-      errors: response.bulkOperationRunQuery.userErrors,
-    }
-  }
-
-  const bulkOperation = response.bulkOperationRunQuery.bulkOperation
-  if (bulkOperation) {
-    return {result: bulkOperation}
-  }
-
-  return {
-    errors: [{field: null, message: 'No bulk operation was created'}],
-  }
+  return response.bulkOperationRunQuery
 }
diff --git a/packages/app/src/cli/services/bulk-operations-run-query.test.ts b/packages/app/src/cli/services/bulk-operations-run-query.test.ts
index 4d2bf4b7c8a..b698a4bedb6 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/cli/services/bulk-operations-run-query.test.ts
+++ b/packages/app/src/cli/services/bulk-operations-run-query.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import {runBulkOperationQuery} from './bulk-operation-run-query.js'
-import {adminRequest} from '@shopify/cli-kit/node/api/admin'
+import {adminRequestDoc} from '@shopify/cli-kit/node/api/admin'
 import {ensureAuthenticatedAdmin} from '@shopify/cli-kit/node/session'
 import {describe, test, expect, vi, beforeEach} from 'vitest'
 
@@ -29,14 +29,14 @@ describe('runBulkOperationQuery', () => {
   })
 
   test('returns a bulk operation when request succeeds', async () => {
-    vi.mocked(adminRequest).mockResolvedValue(mockSuccessResponse)
+    vi.mocked(adminRequestDoc).mockResolvedValue(mockSuccessResponse)
 
     const bulkOperationResult = await runBulkOperationQuery({
       storeFqdn: 'test-store.myshopify.com',
       query: 'query { products { edges { node { id } } } }',
     })
 
-    expect(bulkOperationResult.result).toEqual(successfulBulkOperation)
-    expect(bulkOperationResult.errors).toBeUndefined()
+    expect(bulkOperationResult?.bulkOperation).toEqual(successfulBulkOperation)
+    expect(bulkOperationResult?.userErrors).toEqual([])
   })
 })

From 3784bae8eeb1a6d2892324f37f7c458a822533b8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eric Lee <eric.h.lee@shopify.com>
Date: Wed, 12 Nov 2025 14:20:49 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 3/3] refactor: extract bulk operation logic into service
 class; create bulk-operations directory in services directory

---
 bin/get-graphql-schemas.js                    |  7 ++
 .../generated/bulk-operation-run-query.ts     | 34 +++++--
 .../bulk-operations/generated/types.d.ts      | 16 ++++
 .../bulk-operation-run-query.graphql          | 20 +++--
 packages/app/src/cli/commands/app/execute.ts  | 50 +----------
 .../execute-bulk-operation.test.ts            | 88 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../bulk-operations/execute-bulk-operation.ts | 65 ++++++++++++++
 .../run-query.test.ts}                        |  2 +-
 .../run-query.ts}                             |  6 +-
 9 files changed, 221 insertions(+), 67 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 packages/app/src/cli/services/bulk-operations/execute-bulk-operation.test.ts
 create mode 100644 packages/app/src/cli/services/bulk-operations/execute-bulk-operation.ts
 rename packages/app/src/cli/services/{bulk-operations-run-query.test.ts => bulk-operations/run-query.test.ts} (95%)
 rename packages/app/src/cli/services/{bulk-operation-run-query.ts => bulk-operations/run-query.ts} (78%)

diff --git a/bin/get-graphql-schemas.js b/bin/get-graphql-schemas.js
index 3990a5a01f8..f67cce34f7d 100755
--- a/bin/get-graphql-schemas.js
+++ b/bin/get-graphql-schemas.js
@@ -71,6 +71,13 @@ const schemas = [
     pathToFile: 'areas/core/shopify/db/graphql/functions_cli_api_schema_unstable_public.graphql',
     localPath: './packages/app/src/cli/api/graphql/functions/functions_cli_schema.graphql',
   },
+  {
+    owner: 'shop',
+    repo: 'world',
+    pathToFile: 'areas/core/shopify/db/graphql/admin_schema_unstable_public.graphql',
+    localPath: './packages/app/src/cli/api/graphql/bulk-operations/admin_schema.graphql',
+    usesLfs: true,
+  },
 ]
 
 
diff --git a/packages/app/src/cli/api/graphql/bulk-operations/generated/bulk-operation-run-query.ts b/packages/app/src/cli/api/graphql/bulk-operations/generated/bulk-operation-run-query.ts
index f1f2cc287c7..377935b76bd 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/cli/api/graphql/bulk-operations/generated/bulk-operation-run-query.ts
+++ b/packages/app/src/cli/api/graphql/bulk-operations/generated/bulk-operation-run-query.ts
@@ -10,15 +10,20 @@ export type BulkOperationRunQueryMutationVariables = Types.Exact<{
 export type BulkOperationRunQueryMutation = {
   bulkOperationRunQuery?: {
     bulkOperation?: {
-      id: string
-      status: Types.BulkOperationStatus
-      errorCode?: Types.BulkOperationErrorCode | null
+      completedAt?: unknown | null
       createdAt: unknown
-      objectCount: unknown
+      errorCode?: Types.BulkOperationErrorCode | null
       fileSize?: unknown | null
+      id: string
+      objectCount: unknown
+      partialDataUrl?: string | null
+      query: string
+      rootObjectCount: unknown
+      status: Types.BulkOperationStatus
+      type: Types.BulkOperationType
       url?: string | null
     } | null
-    userErrors: {field?: string[] | null; message: string}[]
+    userErrors: {code?: Types.BulkOperationUserErrorCode | null; field?: string[] | null; message: string}[]
   } | null
 }
 
@@ -48,6 +53,11 @@ export const BulkOperationRunQuery = {
                 name: {kind: 'Name', value: 'query'},
                 value: {kind: 'Variable', name: {kind: 'Name', value: 'query'}},
               },
+              {
+                kind: 'Argument',
+                name: {kind: 'Name', value: 'groupObjects'},
+                value: {kind: 'BooleanValue', value: false},
+              },
             ],
             selectionSet: {
               kind: 'SelectionSet',
@@ -58,12 +68,17 @@ export const BulkOperationRunQuery = {
                   selectionSet: {
                     kind: 'SelectionSet',
                     selections: [
-                      {kind: 'Field', name: {kind: 'Name', value: 'id'}},
-                      {kind: 'Field', name: {kind: 'Name', value: 'status'}},
-                      {kind: 'Field', name: {kind: 'Name', value: 'errorCode'}},
+                      {kind: 'Field', name: {kind: 'Name', value: 'completedAt'}},
                       {kind: 'Field', name: {kind: 'Name', value: 'createdAt'}},
-                      {kind: 'Field', name: {kind: 'Name', value: 'objectCount'}},
+                      {kind: 'Field', name: {kind: 'Name', value: 'errorCode'}},
                       {kind: 'Field', name: {kind: 'Name', value: 'fileSize'}},
+                      {kind: 'Field', name: {kind: 'Name', value: 'id'}},
+                      {kind: 'Field', name: {kind: 'Name', value: 'objectCount'}},
+                      {kind: 'Field', name: {kind: 'Name', value: 'partialDataUrl'}},
+                      {kind: 'Field', name: {kind: 'Name', value: 'query'}},
+                      {kind: 'Field', name: {kind: 'Name', value: 'rootObjectCount'}},
+                      {kind: 'Field', name: {kind: 'Name', value: 'status'}},
+                      {kind: 'Field', name: {kind: 'Name', value: 'type'}},
                       {kind: 'Field', name: {kind: 'Name', value: 'url'}},
                       {kind: 'Field', name: {kind: 'Name', value: '__typename'}},
                     ],
@@ -75,6 +90,7 @@ export const BulkOperationRunQuery = {
                   selectionSet: {
                     kind: 'SelectionSet',
                     selections: [
+                      {kind: 'Field', name: {kind: 'Name', value: 'code'}},
                       {kind: 'Field', name: {kind: 'Name', value: 'field'}},
                       {kind: 'Field', name: {kind: 'Name', value: 'message'}},
                       {kind: 'Field', name: {kind: 'Name', value: '__typename'}},
diff --git a/packages/app/src/cli/api/graphql/bulk-operations/generated/types.d.ts b/packages/app/src/cli/api/graphql/bulk-operations/generated/types.d.ts
index c580cd035f0..942fb8d4851 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/cli/api/graphql/bulk-operations/generated/types.d.ts
+++ b/packages/app/src/cli/api/graphql/bulk-operations/generated/types.d.ts
@@ -161,3 +161,19 @@ export type BulkOperationStatus =
   | 'FAILED'
   /** The bulk operation is runnning. */
   | 'RUNNING'
+
+/** The valid values for the bulk operation's type. */
+export type BulkOperationType =
+  /** The bulk operation is a mutation. */
+  | 'MUTATION'
+  /** The bulk operation is a query. */
+  | 'QUERY'
+
+/** Possible error codes that can be returned by `BulkOperationUserError`. */
+export type BulkOperationUserErrorCode =
+  /** The input value is invalid. */
+  | 'INVALID'
+  /** Bulk operations limit reached. Please try again later. */
+  | 'LIMIT_REACHED'
+  /** A bulk operation is already in progress. */
+  | 'OPERATION_IN_PROGRESS'
diff --git a/packages/app/src/cli/api/graphql/bulk-operations/mutations/bulk-operation-run-query.graphql b/packages/app/src/cli/api/graphql/bulk-operations/mutations/bulk-operation-run-query.graphql
index 9fb61f635f2..ea15a587663 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/cli/api/graphql/bulk-operations/mutations/bulk-operation-run-query.graphql
+++ b/packages/app/src/cli/api/graphql/bulk-operations/mutations/bulk-operation-run-query.graphql
@@ -1,15 +1,25 @@
 mutation BulkOperationRunQuery($query: String!) {
-  bulkOperationRunQuery(query: $query) {
+  bulkOperationRunQuery(
+    query: $query
+    # Set to false to optimize for speed over grouped results
+    groupObjects: false
+  ) {
     bulkOperation {
-      id
-      status
-      errorCode
+      completedAt
       createdAt
-      objectCount
+      errorCode
       fileSize
+      id
+      objectCount
+      partialDataUrl
+      query
+      rootObjectCount
+      status
+      type
       url
     }
     userErrors {
+      code
       field
       message
     }
diff --git a/packages/app/src/cli/commands/app/execute.ts b/packages/app/src/cli/commands/app/execute.ts
index 52f8be69d5f..ac8884410ce 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/cli/commands/app/execute.ts
+++ b/packages/app/src/cli/commands/app/execute.ts
@@ -2,10 +2,8 @@ import {appFlags, bulkOperationFlags} from '../../flags.js'
 import AppLinkedCommand, {AppLinkedCommandOutput} from '../../utilities/app-linked-command.js'
 import {linkedAppContext} from '../../services/app-context.js'
 import {storeContext} from '../../services/store-context.js'
-import {runBulkOperationQuery} from '../../services/bulk-operation-run-query.js'
+import {executeBulkOperation} from '../../services/bulk-operations/execute-bulk-operation.js'
 import {globalFlags} from '@shopify/cli-kit/node/cli'
-import {renderSuccess, renderInfo, renderWarning} from '@shopify/cli-kit/node/ui'
-import {outputContent, outputToken} from '@shopify/cli-kit/node/output'
 
 export default class Execute extends AppLinkedCommand {
   static summary = 'Execute bulk operations.'
@@ -36,54 +34,12 @@ export default class Execute extends AppLinkedCommand {
       forceReselectStore: flags.reset,
     })
 
-    renderInfo({
-      headline: 'Starting bulk operation.',
-      body: `App: ${appContextResult.app.name}\nStore: ${store.shopDomain}`,
-    })
-
-    const bulkOperationResponse = await runBulkOperationQuery({
+    await executeBulkOperation({
+      app: appContextResult.app,
       storeFqdn: store.shopDomain,
       query: flags.query,
     })
 
-    if (bulkOperationResponse?.userErrors?.length) {
-      const errorMessages = bulkOperationResponse.userErrors
-        .map((error) => `${error.field?.join('.') ?? 'unknown'}: ${error.message}`)
-        .join('\n')
-      renderWarning({
-        headline: 'Bulk operation errors.',
-        body: errorMessages,
-      })
-      return {app: appContextResult.app}
-    }
-
-    const result = bulkOperationResponse?.bulkOperation
-    if (result) {
-      const infoSections = [
-        {
-          title: 'Bulk Operation Created',
-          body: [
-            {
-              list: {
-                items: [
-                  outputContent`ID: ${outputToken.cyan(result.id)}`.value,
-                  outputContent`Status: ${outputToken.yellow(result.status)}`.value,
-                  outputContent`Created: ${outputToken.gray(String(result.createdAt))}`.value,
-                ],
-              },
-            },
-          ],
-        },
-      ]
-
-      renderInfo({customSections: infoSections})
-
-      renderSuccess({
-        headline: 'Bulk operation started successfully!',
-        body: 'Congrats!',
-      })
-    }
-
     return {app: appContextResult.app}
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/app/src/cli/services/bulk-operations/execute-bulk-operation.test.ts b/packages/app/src/cli/services/bulk-operations/execute-bulk-operation.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..52dbdfa8bce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/app/src/cli/services/bulk-operations/execute-bulk-operation.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+import {executeBulkOperation} from './execute-bulk-operation.js'
+import {runBulkOperationQuery} from './run-query.js'
+import {AppLinkedInterface} from '../../models/app/app.js'
+import {renderSuccess, renderInfo, renderWarning} from '@shopify/cli-kit/node/ui'
+import {describe, test, expect, vi} from 'vitest'
+
+vi.mock('./run-query.js')
+vi.mock('@shopify/cli-kit/node/ui')
+
+describe('executeBulkOperation', () => {
+  const mockApp = {
+    name: 'Test App',
+  } as AppLinkedInterface
+
+  const storeFqdn = 'test-store.myshopify.com'
+  const query = 'query { products { edges { node { id } } } }'
+
+  const successfulBulkOperation = {
+    id: 'gid://shopify/BulkOperation/123',
+    status: 'CREATED',
+    errorCode: null,
+    createdAt: '2024-01-01T00:00:00Z',
+    objectCount: '0',
+    fileSize: '0',
+    url: null,
+  }
+
+  test('executeBulkOperation successfully runs', async () => {
+    const mockResponse = {
+      bulkOperation: successfulBulkOperation,
+      userErrors: [],
+    }
+    vi.mocked(runBulkOperationQuery).mockResolvedValue(mockResponse as any)
+
+    await executeBulkOperation({
+      app: mockApp,
+      storeFqdn,
+      query,
+    })
+
+    expect(runBulkOperationQuery).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+      storeFqdn,
+      query,
+    })
+
+    expect(renderInfo).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+      headline: 'Starting bulk operation.',
+      body: `App: ${mockApp.name}\nStore: ${storeFqdn}`,
+    })
+
+    expect(renderInfo).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+      customSections: expect.arrayContaining([
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          title: 'Bulk Operation Created',
+        }),
+      ]),
+    })
+
+    expect(renderSuccess).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+      headline: 'Bulk operation started successfully!',
+      body: 'Congrats!',
+    })
+  })
+
+  test('executeBulkOperation renders warning when user errors are present', async () => {
+    const mockResponse = {
+      bulkOperation: null,
+      userErrors: [
+        {field: ['query'], message: 'Invalid query syntax'},
+        {field: null, message: 'Another error'},
+      ],
+    }
+    vi.mocked(runBulkOperationQuery).mockResolvedValue(mockResponse as any)
+
+    await executeBulkOperation({
+      app: mockApp,
+      storeFqdn,
+      query,
+    })
+
+    expect(renderWarning).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+      headline: 'Bulk operation errors.',
+      body: 'query: Invalid query syntax\nunknown: Another error',
+    })
+
+    expect(renderSuccess).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+})
diff --git a/packages/app/src/cli/services/bulk-operations/execute-bulk-operation.ts b/packages/app/src/cli/services/bulk-operations/execute-bulk-operation.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9d722de96d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/app/src/cli/services/bulk-operations/execute-bulk-operation.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+import {runBulkOperationQuery} from './run-query.js'
+import {AppLinkedInterface} from '../../models/app/app.js'
+import {renderSuccess, renderInfo, renderWarning} from '@shopify/cli-kit/node/ui'
+import {outputContent, outputToken} from '@shopify/cli-kit/node/output'
+
+interface ExecuteBulkOperationInput {
+  app: AppLinkedInterface
+  storeFqdn: string
+  query: string
+}
+
+export async function executeBulkOperation(input: ExecuteBulkOperationInput): Promise<void> {
+  const {app, storeFqdn, query} = input
+
+  renderInfo({
+    headline: 'Starting bulk operation.',
+    body: `App: ${app.name}\nStore: ${storeFqdn}`,
+  })
+
+  const bulkOperationResponse = await runBulkOperationQuery({
+    storeFqdn,
+    query,
+  })
+
+  if (bulkOperationResponse?.userErrors?.length) {
+    const errorMessages = bulkOperationResponse.userErrors
+      .map(
+        (error: {field?: string[] | null; message: string}) =>
+          `${error.field?.join('.') ?? 'unknown'}: ${error.message}`,
+      )
+      .join('\n')
+    renderWarning({
+      headline: 'Bulk operation errors.',
+      body: errorMessages,
+    })
+    return
+  }
+
+  const result = bulkOperationResponse?.bulkOperation
+  if (result) {
+    const infoSections = [
+      {
+        title: 'Bulk Operation Created',
+        body: [
+          {
+            list: {
+              items: [
+                outputContent`ID: ${outputToken.cyan(result.id)}`.value,
+                outputContent`Status: ${outputToken.yellow(result.status)}`.value,
+                outputContent`Created: ${outputToken.gray(String(result.createdAt))}`.value,
+              ],
+            },
+          },
+        ],
+      },
+    ]
+
+    renderInfo({customSections: infoSections})
+
+    renderSuccess({
+      headline: 'Bulk operation started successfully!',
+      body: 'Congrats!',
+    })
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/app/src/cli/services/bulk-operations-run-query.test.ts b/packages/app/src/cli/services/bulk-operations/run-query.test.ts
similarity index 95%
rename from packages/app/src/cli/services/bulk-operations-run-query.test.ts
rename to packages/app/src/cli/services/bulk-operations/run-query.test.ts
index b698a4bedb6..cabf0ba0064 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/cli/services/bulk-operations-run-query.test.ts
+++ b/packages/app/src/cli/services/bulk-operations/run-query.test.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import {runBulkOperationQuery} from './bulk-operation-run-query.js'
+import {runBulkOperationQuery} from './run-query.js'
 import {adminRequestDoc} from '@shopify/cli-kit/node/api/admin'
 import {ensureAuthenticatedAdmin} from '@shopify/cli-kit/node/session'
 import {describe, test, expect, vi, beforeEach} from 'vitest'
diff --git a/packages/app/src/cli/services/bulk-operation-run-query.ts b/packages/app/src/cli/services/bulk-operations/run-query.ts
similarity index 78%
rename from packages/app/src/cli/services/bulk-operation-run-query.ts
rename to packages/app/src/cli/services/bulk-operations/run-query.ts
index 551d52b1328..f0281402d5a 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/cli/services/bulk-operation-run-query.ts
+++ b/packages/app/src/cli/services/bulk-operations/run-query.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import {
   BulkOperationRunQuery,
   BulkOperationRunQueryMutation,
-} from '../api/graphql/bulk-operations/generated/bulk-operation-run-query.js'
+} from '../../api/graphql/bulk-operations/generated/bulk-operation-run-query.js'
 import {adminRequestDoc} from '@shopify/cli-kit/node/api/admin'
 import {ensureAuthenticatedAdmin} from '@shopify/cli-kit/node/session'
 
@@ -10,10 +10,6 @@ interface BulkOperationRunQueryOptions {
   query: string
 }
 
-/**
- * Executes a bulk operation query against the Shopify Admin API.
- * The operation runs asynchronously in the background.
- */
 export async function runBulkOperationQuery(
   options: BulkOperationRunQueryOptions,
 ): Promise<BulkOperationRunQueryMutation['bulkOperationRunQuery']> {