diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 7ffc9670..270ac14c 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ Python sample codes and documents about Autonomous vehicle control algorithm. Th * [A*](#a) * [Bidirectional A*](#bidirectional-a) * [Hybrid A*](#hybrid-a) + * [D*](#d) * [Dijkstra](#dijkstra) * [RRT](#rrt) * [Informed RRT*](#informed-rrt) @@ -121,6 +122,9 @@ Planning #### Hybrid A* Planning ![](src/simulations/path_planning/astar_hybrid_path_planning/astar_hybrid_search.gif) +#### D* +Planning with dynamic obstacle replanning +![](src/simulations/path_planning/dstar_path_planning/dstar_search.gif) #### Dijkstra Planning(Reduce frames by sampling every nth node to prevent memory exhaustion) ![](src/simulations/path_planning/dijkstra_path_planning/dijkstra_search.gif) diff --git a/src/components/plan/dstar/dstar_path_planner.py b/src/components/plan/dstar/dstar_path_planner.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..da4461df --- /dev/null +++ b/src/components/plan/dstar/dstar_path_planner.py @@ -0,0 +1,556 @@ +""" +dstar_path_planner.py + +Implementation of the original D* (Dynamic A*) algorithm (Stentz, 1994) +with an optional focused heuristic (Focused D*). + +D* searches backward from the goal and maintains cost-to-goal values for +every cell. When new obstacles are discovered on the current path, the +algorithm efficiently re-propagates costs only in the affected region +instead of re-planning from scratch. + +By default, the priority queue is biased with a Euclidean heuristic toward +the robot (start) position, making the initial search informed (A*-like). +Set ``heuristic_weight=0`` to revert to an uninformed Dijkstra-style flood. + +Key concepts: + - Tag states: NEW (never visited), OPEN (on priority queue), CLOSED (processed). + - Each cell stores h(X) = current cost-to-goal estimate. + - The priority queue is keyed by k(X) + heuristic(X, robot), which + focuses expansion toward the robot's position. + - LOWER states propagate optimal costs outward. + - RAISE states detect cost increases and attempt to find cheaper back-pointers. +""" + +import numpy as np +import matplotlib.pyplot as plt +import heapq +import matplotlib.animation as anm +import sys +import json +from pathlib import Path +from matplotlib.colors import ListedColormap + +abs_dir_path = str(Path(__file__).absolute().parent) +relative_path = "/../../../components/" +relative_simulations = "/../../../simulations/" + +sys.path.append(abs_dir_path + relative_path + "visualization") +sys.path.append(abs_dir_path + relative_path + "state") +sys.path.append(abs_dir_path + relative_path + "obstacle") +sys.path.append(abs_dir_path + relative_path + "mapping/grid") + +from min_max import MinMax + + +class _Tag: + """Cell tag constants following Stentz's original D* paper.""" + NEW = 0 + OPEN = 1 + CLOSED = 2 + + +class DStarPathPlanner: + """ + Original D* path planner operating on a 2-D occupancy grid. + + The planner performs an initial backward search from the goal to the start. + After the robot begins following the path, callers can inject new obstacles + via ``update_obstacles`` which triggers efficient incremental replanning. + + Parameters + ---------- + start : tuple[int, int] + Start position in world coordinates (x, y). + goal : tuple[int, int] + Goal position in world coordinates (x, y). + map_file : str + Path to a ``.json``, ``.npy``, or ``.png`` grid file. + x_lim : MinMax + X-axis world limits. + y_lim : MinMax + Y-axis world limits. + path_filename : str, optional + If provided, the sparse path is saved here as JSON. + gif_name : str, optional + If provided, the search animation is saved here as a GIF. + heuristic_weight : float, optional + Weight for the Euclidean heuristic that biases the search toward + the robot. ``1.0`` (default) gives an A*-like informed search. + ``0.0`` disables the heuristic (Dijkstra-style uniform flood). + Values ``> 1.0`` are more aggressive but may over-expand during + replanning. + """ + + # 8-connected neighbourhood (dx, dy, cost) + _NEIGHBOURS = [ + (-1, 0, 1.0), (1, 0, 1.0), (0, -1, 1.0), (0, 1, 1.0), + (-1, -1, 1.414), (1, -1, 1.414), (-1, 1, 1.414), (1, 1, 1.414), + ] + + INF = float('inf') + + def __init__(self, start, goal, map_file, x_lim=None, y_lim=None, + path_filename=None, gif_name=None, heuristic_weight=1.0): + self.start_world = start + self.goal_world = goal + self.heuristic_weight = heuristic_weight + + self.grid = self._load_grid(map_file) + x_min, x_max = x_lim.min_value(), x_lim.max_value() + y_min, y_max = y_lim.min_value(), y_lim.max_value() + self.resolution = (x_max - x_min) / self.grid.shape[1] + self.x_range = np.arange(x_min, x_max, self.resolution) + self.y_range = np.arange(y_min, y_max, self.resolution) + + self.rows, self.cols = self.grid.shape + + # Convert world -> grid indices + self.start_idx = self._world_to_grid(start) + self.goal_idx = self._world_to_grid(goal) + + # The heuristic target: the search runs backward from goal, so the + # heuristic biases expansion toward the robot (start) position. + self._focus_target = self.start_idx + + # D* bookkeeping --------------------------------------------------- + # tag[r,c]: NEW / OPEN / CLOSED + self.tag = np.full((self.rows, self.cols), _Tag.NEW, dtype=np.int8) + # h[r,c]: current cost-to-goal + self.h = np.full((self.rows, self.cols), self.INF) + # k[r,c]: key (priority) of the cell when on OPEN + self.k = np.full((self.rows, self.cols), self.INF) + # parent back-pointers (toward the goal) + self.parent = {} # (r,c) -> (pr,pc) or None + + # Priority queue: entries are (f_value, counter, (row, col)) + # where f = k + heuristic_weight * euclidean(node, focus_target) + self._open_list = [] + self._counter = 0 + + # Logging for visualisation + self.explored_nodes = [] + self.replan_explored_nodes = [] + + self.path = [] + self.path_filename = path_filename + + # ---------- initial search (goal -> start) ---------- + self._insert(self.goal_idx, 0.0) + self.h[self.goal_idx] = 0.0 + self.parent[self.goal_idx] = None + + print(f"D* initial search Start(grid): {self.start_idx}, Goal(grid): {self.goal_idx}" + f" heuristic_weight={self.heuristic_weight}") + self._compute_shortest_path() + + # Extract the initial path + self.path = self._extract_path() + if path_filename and self.path: + sparse = self._make_sparse_path(self.path) + self._save_path(sparse, path_filename) + + self.visualize_search(gif_name) + + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + # Core D* operations (faithful to Stentz 1994) + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + + def _heuristic(self, node): + """Euclidean distance from *node* to the focus target (the robot). + + The D* search runs backward from the goal, so biasing toward the + robot focuses the search and avoids flooding the entire grid. + Returns 0 when ``heuristic_weight`` is 0 (Dijkstra mode). + """ + if self.heuristic_weight == 0: + return 0.0 + r, c = node + tr, tc = self._focus_target + return self.heuristic_weight * ((r - tr) ** 2 + (c - tc) ** 2) ** 0.5 + + def _insert(self, node, h_new): + """Insert or re-insert *node* into the OPEN list with updated cost. + + The heap key is ``k + heuristic(node)`` so that expansion is biased + toward the robot. The ``k`` value stored on the node remains + un-biased so that the RAISE / LOWER logic (which compares ``k_old`` + against ``h``) is unaffected. + """ + r, c = node + if self.tag[r, c] == _Tag.NEW: + k_val = h_new + elif self.tag[r, c] == _Tag.OPEN: + k_val = min(self.k[r, c], h_new) + else: # CLOSED + k_val = min(self.h[r, c], h_new) + self.k[r, c] = k_val + self.h[r, c] = h_new + self.tag[r, c] = _Tag.OPEN + self._counter += 1 + f_val = k_val + self._heuristic(node) + heapq.heappush(self._open_list, (f_val, self._counter, (r, c))) + + def _get_kmin(self): + """Return the minimum key on the OPEN list (or -1 if empty).""" + while self._open_list: + k_val, _, node = self._open_list[0] + r, c = node + if self.tag[r, c] == _Tag.OPEN: + return k_val + heapq.heappop(self._open_list) # stale entry + return -1 + + def _cost(self, a, b): + """ + Arc cost c(a, b). Returns INF if *b* is an obstacle. + a, b are (row, col) tuples. + """ + br, bc = b + if self.grid[br, bc] != 0: + return self.INF + ar, ac = a + if self.grid[ar, ac] != 0: + return self.INF + # Euclidean distance between adjacent cells + dr = abs(ar - br) + dc = abs(ac - bc) + if dr + dc == 2: + return 1.414 + return 1.0 + + def _neighbours(self, node): + """Yield valid in-bounds neighbour (row, col) tuples.""" + r, c = node + for dx, dy, _ in self._NEIGHBOURS: + nr, nc = r + dy, c + dx + if 0 <= nr < self.rows and 0 <= nc < self.cols: + yield (nr, nc) + + def _process_state(self): + """ + Pop the minimum-key OPEN state and propagate costs. + + Returns the k value of the processed state, or -1 if OPEN is empty. + This follows Stentz's RAISE / LOWER propagation logic. + + Note: the heap stores ``f = k + heuristic`` for ordering, but the + RAISE / LOWER logic uses the un-biased ``k`` value stored on the cell. + """ + # Pop a valid OPEN entry + while self._open_list: + _f_val, _, node = heapq.heappop(self._open_list) + r, c = node + if self.tag[r, c] == _Tag.OPEN: + break + else: + return -1 # OPEN list exhausted + + # Recover the real k (without heuristic) for RAISE/LOWER comparison + k_old = self.k[r, c] + + self.tag[r, c] = _Tag.CLOSED + self.explored_nodes.append((c, r)) # (grid_x, grid_y) for vis + + X = (r, c) + h_X = self.h[r, c] + + # ---- CASE 1: RAISE (k_old < h(X)) ---- + # X's cost has increased. Check if any neighbour Y can lower X. + if k_old < h_X: + for Y in self._neighbours(X): + yr, yc = Y + if self.tag[yr, yc] != _Tag.NEW and \ + self.h[yr, yc] <= k_old and \ + h_X > self.h[yr, yc] + self._cost(Y, X): + self.parent[X] = Y + self.h[r, c] = self.h[yr, yc] + self._cost(Y, X) + h_X = self.h[r, c] + + # ---- CASE 2: LOWER (k_old == h(X)) ---- + # X's cost is optimal. Propagate to neighbours. + if k_old == h_X: + for Y in self._neighbours(X): + yr, yc = Y + c_YX = self._cost(X, Y) + if self.tag[yr, yc] == _Tag.NEW or \ + (self.parent.get(Y) == X and self.h[yr, yc] != h_X + c_YX) or \ + (self.parent.get(Y) != X and self.h[yr, yc] > h_X + c_YX): + self.parent[Y] = X + self._insert(Y, h_X + c_YX) + else: + # ---- CASE 3: continued RAISE (k_old < h(X) still) ---- + for Y in self._neighbours(X): + yr, yc = Y + c_YX = self._cost(X, Y) + + if self.tag[yr, yc] == _Tag.NEW or \ + (self.parent.get(Y) == X and self.h[yr, yc] != h_X + c_YX): + self.parent[Y] = X + self._insert(Y, h_X + c_YX) + elif self.parent.get(Y) != X and self.h[yr, yc] > h_X + c_YX: + # X can improve Y, but re-insert X first so it will be + # processed as LOWER next time. + self._insert(X, h_X) + elif self.parent.get(Y) != X and \ + h_X > self.h[yr, yc] + self._cost(Y, X) and \ + self.tag[yr, yc] == _Tag.CLOSED and \ + self.h[yr, yc] > k_old: + # Y can potentially improve X, re-open Y. + self._insert(Y, self.h[yr, yc]) + + return k_old + + def _compute_shortest_path(self): + """Run process_state until the start is CLOSED or OPEN is empty.""" + sr, sc = self.start_idx + while self.tag[sr, sc] != _Tag.CLOSED: + if self._process_state() == -1: + print("D*: OPEN list exhausted – no path found.") + break + + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + # Dynamic replanning + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + + def update_obstacles(self, obstacle_cells): + """ + Notify the planner that new obstacles have appeared. + + Parameters + ---------- + obstacle_cells : list[tuple[int, int]] + Grid cells ``(row, col)`` that are now blocked. + + After calling this, call ``replan()`` to propagate costs. + """ + for r, c in obstacle_cells: + if not self._in_bounds(r, c): + continue + if self.grid[r, c] != 0: + continue # already an obstacle + + old_h = self.h[r, c] + self.grid[r, c] = 1 # mark as obstacle + + # Re-insert the blocked cell with INF cost. + # Its k will preserve the old value so it enters as a RAISE. + self._insert((r, c), self.INF) + + # Any neighbour whose back-pointer goes through (r,c) is now + # broken. Raise them as well. + for Y in self._neighbours((r, c)): + yr, yc = Y + if self.parent.get(Y) == (r, c): + self._insert(Y, self.INF) + + def replan(self, current_pos_idx=None): + """ + Run D* incremental repair until the robot's position is resolved. + + After ``update_obstacles`` places cells on the OPEN list, this method + drains the OPEN list so that all RAISE / LOWER propagation completes. + Then the parent chains are fully repaired and a new path can be + extracted. + + Parameters + ---------- + current_pos_idx : tuple[int, int], optional + Current robot position in grid indices (row, col). + Defaults to ``self.start_idx``. + + Returns + ------- + list[tuple[int, int]] + Updated path from the current position to the goal in grid indices. + """ + if current_pos_idx is None: + current_pos_idx = self.start_idx + + # Refocus the heuristic toward the robot's current position so + # that replan expansion is biased toward where the robot is now. + self._focus_target = current_pos_idx + + prev_len = len(self.explored_nodes) + + # Drain the OPEN list so all cost changes are propagated. + while True: + k_min = self._process_state() + if k_min == -1: + break + + self.replan_explored_nodes = self.explored_nodes[prev_len:] + self.path = self._extract_path(start_idx=current_pos_idx) + return self.path + + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + # Helpers + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + + def _in_bounds(self, r, c): + return 0 <= r < self.rows and 0 <= c < self.cols + + def _world_to_grid(self, world_xy): + """Return ``(row, col)`` grid indices for a world ``(x, y)`` point.""" + x, y = world_xy + col = int((x - self.x_range[0]) / self.resolution) + row = int((y - self.y_range[0]) / self.resolution) + return (row, col) + + def _grid_to_world(self, grid_rc): + """Return ``(world_x, world_y)`` for a ``(row, col)`` grid index.""" + r, c = grid_rc + wx = self.x_range[0] + c * self.resolution + wy = self.y_range[0] + r * self.resolution + return (wx, wy) + + def _extract_path(self, start_idx=None): + """Follow parent pointers from *start_idx* to the goal.""" + if start_idx is None: + start_idx = self.start_idx + sr, sc = start_idx + gr, gc = self.goal_idx + + if self.h[sr, sc] >= self.INF: + print("D*: No path exists from start to goal.") + return [] + + path = [(sc, sr)] # store as (grid_x, grid_y) + current = (sr, sc) + visited = set() + while current != (gr, gc): + if current in visited: + print("D*: Cycle detected during path extraction.") + return [] + visited.add(current) + parent = self.parent.get(current) + if parent is None: + print("D*: Broken parent chain.") + return [] + r, c = parent + # If the parent is an obstacle, the chain is invalid + if self.grid[r, c] != 0 and (r, c) != (gr, gc): + print("D*: Parent chain goes through obstacle.") + return [] + current = (r, c) + path.append((c, r)) + return path + + def _make_sparse_path(self, path, num_points=20): + if len(path) <= num_points: + return [self._grid_to_world((r, c)) for c, r in path] + indices = np.linspace(0, len(path) - 1, num_points, dtype=int) + # path entries are (grid_x, grid_y), convert to world + return [self._grid_to_world((path[i][1], path[i][0])) for i in indices] + + def _save_path(self, path, filename): + Path(filename).parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) + with open(filename, "w") as f: + json.dump(path, f) + + @staticmethod + def _load_grid(file_path): + ext = Path(file_path).suffix + if ext == '.npy': + return np.load(file_path) + if ext == '.png': + grid = plt.imread(file_path) + if grid.ndim == 3: + grid = np.mean(grid, axis=2) + return (grid > 0.5).astype(float) + if ext == '.json': + with open(file_path, 'r') as f: + return np.array(json.load(f)) + raise ValueError(f"Unsupported grid format: {ext}") + + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + # Visualisation (matches the pattern used by A* / Dijkstra) + # ------------------------------------------------------------------ + + def visualize_search(self, gif_name=None): + """Animate the initial search and, if present, the replan phase. + + When *gif_name* is ``None`` the method is a no-op so that callers + (e.g. simulations that drive their own animation) can skip it. + """ + print(f"D* explored {len(self.explored_nodes)} nodes during initial search.") + if gif_name is None or not self.explored_nodes: + return + + max_frames = 2000 + step = max(1, len(self.explored_nodes) // max_frames) + sampled = self.explored_nodes[::step] + self._sampled_nodes = sampled + + figure = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 8)) + axes = figure.add_subplot(111) + axes.set_aspect("equal") + axes.set_xlabel("X [m]", fontsize=15) + axes.set_ylabel("Y [m]", fontsize=15) + + total_frames = len(sampled) + len(self.path) + self.anime = anm.FuncAnimation( + figure, self._update_frame, fargs=(axes,), + frames=total_frames, interval=50, repeat=False, + ) + + try: + print("Saving D* animation …") + self.anime.save(gif_name, writer="pillow", fps=20) + print("Animation saved successfully.") + except Exception as e: + print(f"Error saving animation: {e}") + + plt.clf() + plt.close() + + def _update_frame(self, i, axes): + display = self.grid.copy() + sampled = self._sampled_nodes + + if i < len(sampled): + for j in range(i + 1): + gx, gy = sampled[j] + if 0 <= gx < display.shape[1] and 0 <= gy < display.shape[0]: + display[gy, gx] = 0.25 + else: + for gx, gy in sampled: + if 0 <= gx < display.shape[1] and 0 <= gy < display.shape[0]: + display[gy, gx] = 0.25 + path_idx = i - len(sampled) + if path_idx < len(self.path): + for j in range(path_idx + 1): + gx, gy = self.path[j] + if 0 <= gx < display.shape[1] and 0 <= gy < display.shape[0]: + display[gy, gx] = 0.5 + + axes.clear() + colors = [ + [1.0, 1.0, 1.0], # free (white) + [0.4, 0.8, 1.0], # explored (light blue) + [0.0, 1.0, 0.0], # path (green) + [0.5, 0.5, 0.5], # clearance (grey) + [0.0, 0.0, 0.0], # obstacle (black) + ] + cmap = ListedColormap(colors) + axes.imshow(display, + extent=[self.x_range[0], self.x_range[-1], + self.y_range[0], self.y_range[-1]], + origin='lower', cmap=cmap, alpha=0.8) + axes.plot(self.start_world[0], self.start_world[1], 'go', label="Start") + axes.plot(self.goal_world[0], self.goal_world[1], 'ro', label="Goal") + axes.legend() + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + map_file = "map.json" + path_file = "path.json" + gif_path = "dstar_search.gif" + + x_lim, y_lim = MinMax(-5, 55), MinMax(-20, 25) + start = (0, 0) + goal = (50, -10) + + planner = DStarPathPlanner(start, goal, map_file, + x_lim=x_lim, y_lim=y_lim, + path_filename=path_file, gif_name=gif_path) diff --git a/src/simulations/path_planning/dstar_path_planning/dstar_navigate.gif b/src/simulations/path_planning/dstar_path_planning/dstar_navigate.gif new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0f60ce1a Binary files /dev/null and b/src/simulations/path_planning/dstar_path_planning/dstar_navigate.gif differ diff --git a/src/simulations/path_planning/dstar_path_planning/dstar_path_planning.py b/src/simulations/path_planning/dstar_path_planning/dstar_path_planning.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d0cdbf54 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/simulations/path_planning/dstar_path_planning/dstar_path_planning.py @@ -0,0 +1,478 @@ +""" +dstar_path_planning.py + +Simulation that demonstrates D*'s incremental replanning. + +Two GIFs are produced: + 1. **dstar_search.gif** – grid-based animation showing D* expansion, + initial path, dynamic obstacle injection, replan expansion, and + the replanned path. + 2. **dstar_navigate.gif** – car-following navigation using the same + vehicle / pure-pursuit stack as the other planners. Midway through, + a new obstacle appears on the initial path, D* replans, and the car + seamlessly switches to following the new route. +""" + +import numpy as np +import sys +import json +import matplotlib.pyplot as plt +import matplotlib.animation as anm +from pathlib import Path +from matplotlib.colors import ListedColormap + +abs_dir_path = str(Path(__file__).absolute().parent) +relative_path = "/../../../components/" +relative_simulations = "/../../../simulations/" + +sys.path.append(abs_dir_path + relative_path + "visualization") +sys.path.append(abs_dir_path + relative_path + "state") +sys.path.append(abs_dir_path + relative_path + "vehicle") +sys.path.append(abs_dir_path + relative_path + "obstacle") +sys.path.append(abs_dir_path + relative_path + "mapping/grid") +sys.path.append(abs_dir_path + relative_path + "course/cubic_spline_course") +sys.path.append(abs_dir_path + relative_path + "control/pure_pursuit") +sys.path.append(abs_dir_path + relative_path + "plan/dstar") + +from global_xy_visualizer import GlobalXYVisualizer +from min_max import MinMax +from time_parameters import TimeParameters +from vehicle_specification import VehicleSpecification +from state import State +from four_wheels_vehicle import FourWheelsVehicle +from obstacle import Obstacle +from obstacle_list import ObstacleList +from cubic_spline_course import CubicSplineCourse +from pure_pursuit_controller import PurePursuitController +from binary_occupancy_grid import BinaryOccupancyGrid +from dstar_path_planner import DStarPathPlanner + +# flag to show plot figure +# when executed as unit test, this flag is set as false +show_plot = True + + +# ---- helpers --------------------------------------------------------------- + +def _build_obstacle_cells(planner, cx, cy, half_w, half_h): + """Convert a world-space rectangle into a list of (row, col) grid cells.""" + cells = [] + for wx in np.arange(cx - half_w, cx + half_w, planner.resolution): + for wy in np.arange(cy - half_h, cy + half_h, planner.resolution): + r = int((wy - planner.y_range[0]) / planner.resolution) + c = int((wx - planner.x_range[0]) / planner.resolution) + if 0 <= r < planner.rows and 0 <= c < planner.cols: + cells.append((r, c)) + return cells + + +def _subsample(lst, max_frames): + """Return at most *max_frames* evenly-spaced items from *lst*.""" + if len(lst) <= max_frames: + return list(lst) + step = max(1, len(lst) // max_frames) + return list(lst[::step]) + + +def _path_to_course(planner, grid_path, speed_kmph=20, color='r'): + """Convert a D* grid path to a CubicSplineCourse.""" + world_pts = [] + for gx, gy in grid_path: + wx = planner.x_range[0] + gx * planner.resolution + wy = planner.y_range[0] + gy * planner.resolution + world_pts.append((wx, wy)) + + # Sub-sample to ~20 control points for a smooth spline + if len(world_pts) > 20: + indices = np.linspace(0, len(world_pts) - 1, 20, dtype=int) + world_pts = [world_pts[i] for i in indices] + + xs = [p[0] for p in world_pts] + ys = [p[1] for p in world_pts] + return CubicSplineCourse(xs, ys, speed_kmph, color=color) + + +class _ReplanPurePursuit: + """ + A wrapper around PurePursuitController that switches to a new course + when the vehicle gets close to the dynamic-obstacle region. + + Manages all course visualisation so the viewer sees: + - Before replan: initial course drawn as red dots (standard look). + - After replan: initial course fades to dotted light-grey, + replanned course drawn as red dots, dynamic obstacle appears. + + PurePursuitController uses default green target-point colour for both + controllers, matching the standard simulations. + """ + + def __init__(self, spec, initial_course, replanned_course, + switch_x, switch_y, switch_radius, + dynamic_obst_list): + self._spec = spec + self._initial_course = initial_course + self._replanned_course = replanned_course + self._initial_ctrl = PurePursuitController(spec, initial_course) + self._replan_ctrl = PurePursuitController(spec, replanned_course) + self._active = self._initial_ctrl + self._switched = False + self._switch_x = switch_x + self._switch_y = switch_y + self._switch_radius = switch_radius + self._dyn_obst_list = dynamic_obst_list + + def update(self, state, time_s): + # Check if we should switch + if not self._switched: + dx = state.get_x_m() - self._switch_x + dy = state.get_y_m() - self._switch_y + if (dx * dx + dy * dy) ** 0.5 < self._switch_radius: + self._switched = True + self._active = self._replan_ctrl + self._active.update(state, time_s) + + def get_target_accel_mps2(self): + return self._active.get_target_accel_mps2() + + def get_target_steer_rad(self): + return self._active.get_target_steer_rad() + + def get_target_yaw_rate_rps(self): + return self._active.get_target_yaw_rate_rps() + + def draw(self, axes, elems): + if self._switched: + # Old course → dotted light grey line + old, = axes.plot(self._initial_course.x_array, + self._initial_course.y_array, + linestyle=':', linewidth=1.2, + color='#AAAAAA', label="Old Course") + elems.append(old) + # New course → red dots (standard look) + self._replanned_course.draw(axes, elems) + # Dynamic obstacle becomes visible + self._dyn_obst_list.draw(axes, elems) + else: + # Before replan: draw initial course as red dots (standard) + self._initial_course.draw(axes, elems) + # Active PurePursuit draws its green target point (standard) + self._active.draw(axes, elems) + + +# ---- search GIF ----------------------------------------------------------- + +# Grid cell colour values used in the animation. +_V_FREE = 0.0 # white +_V_EXPLORED = 0.25 # light blue +_V_REPLAN_EX = 0.35 # orange-ish +_V_PATH = 0.50 # green +_V_OLD_PATH = 0.60 # light grey (faded old path) +_V_CLEARANCE = 0.75 # mid-grey +_V_OBSTACLE = 1.0 # black + + +def _build_search_gif(planner, initial_path, initial_explored, + grid_before_obstacle, grid_after_obstacle, + replan_explored, replanned_path, + start, goal, gif_path): + """ + Render the grid-based search / replan animation. + + Six phases: + 0. Initial search expansion (light blue cells, animated). + 1. Initial path drawn progressively (green cells). + 2. Hold — admire the initial path. + 3. Obstacle appears on grid, old path turns grey — hold. + 4. D* replan expansion from start outward (orange cells, animated). + 5. Replanned path drawn progressively (green cells). + 6. Hold — admire the replanned result. + """ + + # Sub-sampled frame lists per phase + ph_search = _subsample(initial_explored, 80) + ph_ipath = _subsample(initial_path, 30) + ph_hold1 = 20 # admire initial + ph_obst = 25 # obstacle + grey + ph_replan = _subsample(replan_explored, 60) + ph_rpath = _subsample(replanned_path, 30) if replanned_path else [] + ph_hold2 = 25 # admire final + + lengths = [len(ph_search), len(ph_ipath), ph_hold1, + ph_obst, len(ph_replan), len(ph_rpath), ph_hold2] + offsets = np.cumsum([0] + lengths) + total_frames = int(offsets[-1]) + n_phases = len(lengths) + + def _phase_and_local(i): + for p in range(n_phases): + if i < offsets[p + 1]: + return p, i - int(offsets[p]) + return n_phases - 1, lengths[-1] - 1 + + cmap = ListedColormap([ + [1.0, 1.0, 1.0], # 0 free → white + [0.4, 0.8, 1.0], # 1 explored → light blue + [1.0, 0.6, 0.2], # 2 replan exp → orange + [0.0, 0.8, 0.0], # 3 path → green + [0.78, 0.78, 0.78], # 4 old path → light grey + [0.5, 0.5, 0.5], # 5 clearance → mid-grey + [0.0, 0.0, 0.0], # 6 obstacle → black + ]) + + def _disc(display): + """Map continuous grid values to discrete colour indices.""" + d = np.zeros_like(display, dtype=int) + d[display == _V_FREE] = 0 + d[np.isclose(display, _V_EXPLORED)] = 1 + d[np.isclose(display, _V_REPLAN_EX)] = 2 + d[np.isclose(display, _V_PATH)] = 3 + d[np.isclose(display, _V_OLD_PATH)] = 4 + d[np.isclose(display, _V_CLEARANCE)] = 5 + d[display >= 0.99] = 6 + return d + + def _paint(display, cells, val): + for gx, gy in cells: + if 0 <= gx < display.shape[1] and 0 <= gy < display.shape[0]: + if display[gy, gx] < 0.99: + display[gy, gx] = val + + # Phase-dependent background grid: + # phases 0-2 use grid_before_obstacle (no dynamic obstacle yet) + # phases 3+ use grid_after_obstacle (obstacle present) + def _base_grid(phase): + return (grid_before_obstacle if phase <= 2 + else grid_after_obstacle).copy() + + # ---- rendering helpers that accumulate per-phase ---- + + def _draw_initial_explored(display): + """Paint all initial-search explored cells (blue).""" + _paint(display, ph_search, _V_EXPLORED) + + def _draw_initial_path(display): + """Paint the full initial path (green).""" + _paint(display, initial_path, _V_PATH) + + def _draw_old_path_grey(display): + """Paint the initial path as faded grey (superseded).""" + _paint(display, initial_path, _V_OLD_PATH) + + titles = [ + lambda l: f"D* Initial Search ({min(l+1, len(ph_search))}/{len(ph_search)})", + lambda _: "Initial Path Found", + lambda _: "Initial Path Found", + lambda _: "Obstacle Detected!", + lambda l: f"D* Replanning from Start ({min(l+1, len(ph_replan))}/{len(ph_replan)})", + lambda _: "Replanned Path Found", + lambda _: "Replanned Path Found", + ] + + def update_frame(i, axes): + phase, local = _phase_and_local(i) + display = _base_grid(phase) + + if phase == 0: + # Animate initial search expansion + _paint(display, ph_search[:local + 1], _V_EXPLORED) + + elif phase == 1: + # Draw all explored + animate initial path + _draw_initial_explored(display) + _paint(display, ph_ipath[:local + 1], _V_PATH) + + elif phase == 2: + # Hold: full explored + full initial path + _draw_initial_explored(display) + _draw_initial_path(display) + + elif phase == 3: + # Obstacle has appeared (grid_after_obstacle). + # Old explored stays, old path turns grey. + _draw_initial_explored(display) + _draw_old_path_grey(display) + + elif phase == 4: + # Animate replan expansion; old path stays grey + _draw_initial_explored(display) + _draw_old_path_grey(display) + _paint(display, ph_replan[:local + 1], _V_REPLAN_EX) + + elif phase == 5: + # All replan explored + animate replanned path + _draw_initial_explored(display) + _draw_old_path_grey(display) + _paint(display, ph_replan, _V_REPLAN_EX) + _paint(display, ph_rpath[:local + 1], _V_PATH) + + else: # phase == 6 + # Hold: final result + _draw_initial_explored(display) + _draw_old_path_grey(display) + _paint(display, ph_replan, _V_REPLAN_EX) + _paint(display, replanned_path, _V_PATH) + + axes.clear() + axes.imshow(_disc(display), + extent=[planner.x_range[0], planner.x_range[-1], + planner.y_range[0], planner.y_range[-1]], + origin='lower', cmap=cmap, vmin=0, vmax=6, alpha=0.85) + axes.plot(start[0], start[1], 'go', markersize=8, label="Start") + axes.plot(goal[0], goal[1], 'ro', markersize=8, label="Goal") + axes.set_title(titles[phase](local), fontsize=14) + axes.legend(loc='upper left') + + fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 8)) + ax = fig.add_subplot(111) + ax.set_aspect("equal") + ax.set_xlabel("X [m]", fontsize=15) + ax.set_ylabel("Y [m]", fontsize=15) + + if show_plot: + print(f"D* search animation: {total_frames} frames") + anime = anm.FuncAnimation(fig, update_frame, fargs=(ax,), + frames=total_frames, interval=30, repeat=False) + try: + anime.save(gif_path, writer="pillow", fps=20) + print(f"Search GIF saved to {gif_path}") + except Exception as e: + print(f"Error saving search GIF: {e}") + else: + test_frames = set() + for s in offsets[:-1]: + test_frames.update([int(s), int(s) + 1]) + for f in sorted(test_frames): + if f < total_frames: + update_frame(f, ax) + plt.clf() + plt.close() + + +# ---- main ------------------------------------------------------------------ + +def main(): + """Main process function""" + + x_lim, y_lim = MinMax(-5, 55), MinMax(-20, 25) + sim_dir = (abs_dir_path + relative_simulations + + "path_planning/dstar_path_planning/") + map_path = sim_dir + "map.json" + path_filename = sim_dir + "path.json" + search_gif_path = sim_dir + "dstar_search.gif" + navigate_gif_path = sim_dir + "dstar_navigate.gif" + + # ---- grid + static obstacles ---- + occ_grid = BinaryOccupancyGrid(x_lim, y_lim, resolution=0.5, + clearance=1.5, map_path=map_path) + + obst_list = ObstacleList() + obst_list.add_obstacle(Obstacle(State(x_m=10.0, y_m=15.0), + length_m=10, width_m=8)) + obst_list.add_obstacle(Obstacle(State(x_m=40.0, y_m=0.0), + length_m=2, width_m=10)) + occ_grid.add_object(obst_list) + occ_grid.save_map() + + # ---- D* initial plan ---- + start, goal = (0, 0), (50, -10) + planner = DStarPathPlanner(start, goal, map_path, + x_lim=x_lim, y_lim=y_lim, + path_filename=path_filename, + gif_name=None) + + initial_path = list(planner.path) + if not initial_path: + print("D*: no initial path found – aborting.") + return + + grid_before_obstacle = planner.grid.copy() + + # ---- dynamic obstacle on the path ---- + block_idx = len(initial_path) * 4 // 10 + block_gx, block_gy = initial_path[block_idx] + block_wx = planner.x_range[0] + block_gx * planner.resolution + block_wy = planner.y_range[0] + block_gy * planner.resolution + + dyn_half_w, dyn_half_h = 1.5, 5.0 + dyn_cells = _build_obstacle_cells(planner, block_wx, block_wy, + dyn_half_w, dyn_half_h) + + robot_step_at_detection = max(1, block_idx // 2) + + # ---- inject & replan ---- + planner.update_obstacles(dyn_cells) + grid_after_obstacle = planner.grid.copy() + + current_grid_idx = (initial_path[robot_step_at_detection][1], + initial_path[robot_step_at_detection][0]) + replanned_tail = planner.replan(current_pos_idx=current_grid_idx) + replan_explored = list(planner.replan_explored_nodes) + initial_explored = list( + planner.explored_nodes[:len(planner.explored_nodes) - len(replan_explored)] + ) + + # Build full replanned path: initial prefix (start → detection) + replanned tail + initial_prefix = initial_path[:robot_step_at_detection] + if replanned_tail: + # Deduplicate the junction point if present in both segments + if initial_prefix and replanned_tail[0] == initial_prefix[-1]: + replanned_path = initial_prefix + replanned_tail[1:] + else: + replanned_path = initial_prefix + replanned_tail + else: + replanned_path = replanned_tail + + # ---- 1) search GIF ---- + _build_search_gif(planner, initial_path, initial_explored, + grid_before_obstacle, grid_after_obstacle, + replan_explored, replanned_path, + start, goal, search_gif_path) + + # ---- 2) navigation GIF (car following) ---- + # Both courses are red (standard look). The _ReplanPurePursuit + # controller manages which course is drawn and in what style: + # before replan → initial course as red dots + # after replan → initial course as dotted grey, replanned as red dots + initial_course = _path_to_course(planner, initial_path, color='r') + replanned_course = _path_to_course(planner, replanned_path, color='r') \ + if replanned_path else initial_course + + # Dynamic obstacle as a visual Obstacle for the car scene + dyn_obst_list = ObstacleList() + dyn_obst_list.add_obstacle( + Obstacle(State(x_m=block_wx, y_m=block_wy), + length_m=dyn_half_w, width_m=dyn_half_h) + ) + + # The switch point in world coords (where the robot "detects" the wall) + det_gx, det_gy = initial_path[robot_step_at_detection] + switch_wx = planner.x_range[0] + det_gx * planner.resolution + switch_wy = planner.y_range[0] + det_gy * planner.resolution + + vis = GlobalXYVisualizer(x_lim, y_lim, TimeParameters(span_sec=20), + show_zoom=False, gif_name=navigate_gif_path) + + # Static obstacles (visual) + vis.add_object(obst_list) + + # NOTE: courses are NOT added to vis directly — the controller's draw() + # handles all course rendering so it can swap styles at replan time. + + # Vehicle with the replan-aware controller + spec = VehicleSpecification() + replan_ctrl = _ReplanPurePursuit( + spec, initial_course, replanned_course, + switch_wx, switch_wy, switch_radius=3.0, + dynamic_obst_list=dyn_obst_list, + ) + vehicle = FourWheelsVehicle(State(color=spec.color), spec, + controller=replan_ctrl, show_zoom=False) + vis.add_object(vehicle) + + if not show_plot: + vis.not_show_plot() + vis.draw() + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + main() diff --git a/src/simulations/path_planning/dstar_path_planning/dstar_search.gif b/src/simulations/path_planning/dstar_path_planning/dstar_search.gif new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9d35b322 Binary files /dev/null and b/src/simulations/path_planning/dstar_path_planning/dstar_search.gif differ diff --git 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100644 index 00000000..77df2299 --- /dev/null +++ b/test/test_dstar_path_planning.py @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +""" +Test of D* path planning simulation + +Verifies both the initial search and the incremental replanning +after dynamic obstacles are injected. +""" + +from pathlib import Path +import sys +import pytest + +sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).absolute().parent) + "/../src/simulations/path_planning/dstar_path_planning") +import dstar_path_planning + + +def test_simulation(): + dstar_path_planning.show_plot = False + + dstar_path_planning.main()