diff --git a/src/compiler/funcstate.cpp b/src/compiler/funcstate.cpp
index 1889ef63..9730eb0b 100644
--- a/src/compiler/funcstate.cpp
+++ b/src/compiler/funcstate.cpp
@@ -91,10 +91,11 @@ short FuncState::registerlocalvar(TString *varname) {
   int oldsize = proto->getLocVarsSize();
   luaM_growvector(getLexState()->getLuaState(), proto->getLocVarsRef(), getNumDebugVars(), proto->getLocVarsSizeRef(),
                   LocVar, SHRT_MAX, "local variables");
-  while (oldsize < proto->getLocVarsSize())
-    proto->getLocVars()[oldsize++].setVarName(nullptr);
-  proto->getLocVars()[getNumDebugVars()].setVarName(varname);
-  proto->getLocVars()[getNumDebugVars()].setStartPC(getPC());
+  auto locVarsSpan = proto->getDebugInfo().getLocVarsSpan();
+  while (oldsize < static_cast<int>(locVarsSpan.size()))
+    locVarsSpan[oldsize++].setVarName(nullptr);
+  locVarsSpan[getNumDebugVars()].setVarName(varname);
+  locVarsSpan[getNumDebugVars()].setStartPC(getPC());
   luaC_objbarrier(getLexState()->getLuaState(), proto, varname);
   return postIncrementNumDebugVars();
 }
@@ -181,10 +182,9 @@ void FuncState::removevars(int tolevel) {
 ** with the given 'name'.
 */
 int FuncState::searchupvalue(TString *name) {
-  int i;
-  Upvaldesc *up = getProto()->getUpvalues();
-  for (i = 0; i < getNumUpvalues(); i++) {
-    if (eqstr(up[i].getName(), name)) return i;
+  auto upvaluesSpan = getProto()->getUpvaluesSpan();
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < static_cast<size_t>(getNumUpvalues()); i++) {
+    if (eqstr(upvaluesSpan[i].getName(), name)) return static_cast<int>(i);
   }
   return -1;  /* not found */
 }
@@ -196,9 +196,10 @@ Upvaldesc *FuncState::allocupvalue() {
   checklimit(getNumUpvalues() + 1, MAXUPVAL, "upvalues");
   luaM_growvector(getLexState()->getLuaState(), proto->getUpvaluesRef(), getNumUpvalues(), proto->getUpvaluesSizeRef(),
                   Upvaldesc, MAXUPVAL, "upvalues");
-  while (oldsize < proto->getUpvaluesSize())
-    proto->getUpvalues()[oldsize++].setName(nullptr);
-  return &proto->getUpvalues()[getNumUpvaluesRef()++];
+  auto upvaluesSpan = proto->getUpvaluesSpan();
+  while (oldsize < static_cast<int>(upvaluesSpan.size()))
+    upvaluesSpan[oldsize++].setName(nullptr);
+  return &upvaluesSpan[getNumUpvaluesRef()++];
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/compiler/lcode.cpp b/src/compiler/lcode.cpp
index 5e267e53..8b00264c 100644
--- a/src/compiler/lcode.cpp
+++ b/src/compiler/lcode.cpp
@@ -319,9 +319,10 @@ int FuncState::addk(Proto *proto, TValue *v) {
   int oldsize = proto->getConstantsSize();
   int k = getNK();
   luaM_growvector(L, proto->getConstantsRef(), k, proto->getConstantsSizeRef(), TValue, MAXARG_Ax, "constants");
-  while (oldsize < proto->getConstantsSize())
-    setnilvalue(&proto->getConstants()[oldsize++]);
-  proto->getConstants()[k] = *v;
+  auto constantsSpan = proto->getConstantsSpan();
+  while (oldsize < static_cast<int>(constantsSpan.size()))
+    setnilvalue(&constantsSpan[oldsize++]);
+  constantsSpan[k] = *v;
   incrementNK();
   luaC_barrier(L, proto, v);
   return k;
@@ -1071,10 +1072,10 @@ void FuncState::codeconcat(expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2, int line) {
 ** return the final target of a jump (skipping jumps to jumps)
 */
 int FuncState::finaltarget(int i) {
-  Instruction *code = getProto()->getCode();
+  auto codeSpan = getProto()->getCodeSpan();
   int count;
   for (count = 0; count < 100; count++) {  /* avoid infinite loops */
-    Instruction instr = code[i];
+    Instruction instr = codeSpan[i];
     if (InstructionView(instr).opcode() != OP_JMP)
       break;
     else
@@ -1654,8 +1655,9 @@ void FuncState::setlist(int base, int nelems, int tostore) {
 void FuncState::finish() {
   int i;
   Proto *p = getProto();
+  auto codeSpan = p->getCodeSpan();
   for (i = 0; i < getPC(); i++) {
-    Instruction *instr = &p->getCode()[i];
+    Instruction *instr = &codeSpan[i];
     /* avoid "not used" warnings when assert is off (for 'onelua.c') */
     (void)luaP_isOT; (void)luaP_isIT;
     lua_assert(i == 0 || luaP_isOT(*(instr - 1)) == luaP_isIT(*instr));
diff --git a/src/compiler/parser.cpp b/src/compiler/parser.cpp
index f3132bf9..8a8496a9 100644
--- a/src/compiler/parser.cpp
+++ b/src/compiler/parser.cpp
@@ -412,10 +412,11 @@ Proto *Parser::addprototype() {
   if (funcstate->getNP() >= proto->getProtosSize()) {
     int oldsize = proto->getProtosSize();
     luaM_growvector(state, proto->getProtosRef(), funcstate->getNP(), proto->getProtosSizeRef(), Proto *, MAXARG_Bx, "functions");
-    while (oldsize < proto->getProtosSize())
-      proto->getProtos()[oldsize++] = nullptr;
+    auto protosSpan = proto->getProtosSpan();
+    while (oldsize < static_cast<int>(protosSpan.size()))
+      protosSpan[oldsize++] = nullptr;
   }
-  proto->getProtos()[funcstate->getNPRef()++] = clp = luaF_newproto(state);
+  proto->getProtosSpan()[funcstate->getNPRef()++] = clp = luaF_newproto(state);
   luaC_objbarrier(state, proto, clp);
   return clp;
 }
diff --git a/src/memory/gc/gc_weak.cpp b/src/memory/gc/gc_weak.cpp
index f3dc52d8..156a6166 100644
--- a/src/memory/gc/gc_weak.cpp
+++ b/src/memory/gc/gc_weak.cpp
@@ -49,11 +49,11 @@
 ** For other objects: if really collected, cannot keep them; for objects
 ** being finalized, keep them in keys, but not in values.
 */
-static int iscleared(global_State* g, const GCObject* o) {
-    if (o == nullptr) return 0;  /* non-collectable value */
+static bool iscleared(global_State* g, const GCObject* o) {
+    if (o == nullptr) return false;  /* non-collectable value */
     else if (novariant(o->getType()) == LUA_TSTRING) {
         markobject(g, o);  /* strings are 'values', so are never weak */
-        return 0;
+        return false;
     }
     else return iswhite(o);
 }
diff --git a/src/objects/lfunc.cpp b/src/objects/lfunc.cpp
index 760a9d96..89b1ec8a 100644
--- a/src/objects/lfunc.cpp
+++ b/src/objects/lfunc.cpp
@@ -319,12 +319,14 @@ void luaF_freeproto (lua_State *L, Proto *f) {
 ** Returns nullptr if not found.
 */
 const char* Proto::getLocalName(int local_number, int pc) const {
-  int i;
-  for (i = 0; i<getLocVarsSize() && getLocVars()[i].getStartPC() <= pc; i++) {
-    if (pc < getLocVars()[i].getEndPC()) {  /* is variable active? */
+  auto locVarsSpan = getDebugInfo().getLocVarsSpan();
+  for (const auto& locvar : locVarsSpan) {
+    if (locvar.getStartPC() > pc)
+      break;
+    if (pc < locvar.getEndPC()) {  /* is variable active? */
       local_number--;
       if (local_number == 0)
-        return getstr(getLocVars()[i].getVarName());
+        return getstr(locvar.getVarName());
     }
   }
   return nullptr;  /* not found */
diff --git a/src/objects/lobject.cpp b/src/objects/lobject.cpp
index a5c12678..8465ce9b 100644
--- a/src/objects/lobject.cpp
+++ b/src/objects/lobject.cpp
@@ -204,10 +204,10 @@ lu_byte luaO_hexavalue (int c) {
 }
 
 
-static int isneg (const char **s) {
-  if (**s == '-') { (*s)++; return 1; }
+static bool isneg (const char **s) {
+  if (**s == '-') { (*s)++; return true; }
   else if (**s == '+') (*s)++;
-  return 0;
+  return false;
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/objects/ltable.cpp b/src/objects/ltable.cpp
index 0fc889be..017d3a0c 100644
--- a/src/objects/ltable.cpp
+++ b/src/objects/ltable.cpp
@@ -1184,12 +1184,12 @@ static int finishnodeset (Table *t, TValue *slot, TValue *val) {
 }
 
 
-static int rawfinishnodeset (TValue *slot, TValue *val) {
+static bool rawfinishnodeset (TValue *slot, TValue *val) {
   if (isabstkey(slot))
-    return 0;  /* no slot with that key */
+    return false;  /* no slot with that key */
   else {
     *slot = *val;
-    return 1;  /* success */
+    return true;  /* success */
   }
 }
 
@@ -1522,7 +1522,7 @@ void Table::setInt(lua_State* L, lua_Integer key, TValue* value) {
   if (ik > 0)
     obj2arr(this, ik - 1, value);
   else {
-    int ok = rawfinishnodeset(getintfromhash(this, key), value);
+    bool ok = rawfinishnodeset(getintfromhash(this, key), value);
     if (!ok) {
       TValue k;
       setivalue(&k, key);
diff --git a/src/serialization/lzio.cpp b/src/serialization/lzio.cpp
index 308ac858..0ee23bcf 100644
--- a/src/serialization/lzio.cpp
+++ b/src/serialization/lzio.cpp
@@ -43,16 +43,16 @@ void luaZ_init (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, lua_Reader reader, void *data) {
 
 /* --------------------------------------------------------------- read --- */
 
-static int checkbuffer (ZIO *z) {
+static bool checkbuffer (ZIO *z) {
   if (z->n == 0) {  /* no bytes in buffer? */
     if (luaZ_fill(z) == EOZ)  /* try to read more */
-      return 0;  /* no more input */
+      return false;  /* no more input */
     else {
       z->n++;  /* luaZ_fill consumed first byte; put it back */
       z->p--;
     }
   }
-  return 1;  /* now buffer has something */
+  return true;  /* now buffer has something */
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/testing/ltests.cpp b/src/testing/ltests.cpp
index c2c32216..841ac949 100644
--- a/src/testing/ltests.cpp
+++ b/src/testing/ltests.cpp
@@ -443,19 +443,18 @@ static void checkudata (global_State *g, Udata *u) {
 
 
 static void checkproto (global_State *g, Proto *f) {
-  int i;
   GCObject *fgc = obj2gco(f);
   checkobjrefN(g, fgc, f->getSource());
-  for (i=0; i<f->getConstantsSize(); i++) {
-    if (iscollectable(f->getConstants() + i))
-      checkobjref(g, fgc, gcvalue(f->getConstants() + i));
+  for (const auto& constant : f->getConstantsSpan()) {
+    if (iscollectable(&constant))
+      checkobjref(g, fgc, gcvalue(&constant));
   }
-  for (i=0; i<f->getUpvaluesSize(); i++)
-    checkobjrefN(g, fgc, f->getUpvalues()[i].getName());
-  for (i=0; i<f->getProtosSize(); i++)
-    checkobjrefN(g, fgc, f->getProtos()[i]);
-  for (i=0; i<f->getLocVarsSize(); i++)
-    checkobjrefN(g, fgc, f->getLocVars()[i].getVarName());
+  for (const auto& upval : f->getUpvaluesSpan())
+    checkobjrefN(g, fgc, upval.getName());
+  for (Proto* proto : f->getProtosSpan())
+    checkobjrefN(g, fgc, proto);
+  for (const auto& locvar : f->getDebugInfo().getLocVarsSpan())
+    checkobjrefN(g, fgc, locvar.getVarName());
 }
 
 
@@ -487,8 +486,10 @@ static int lua_checkpc (CallInfo *ci) {
   else {
     StkId f = ci->funcRef().p;
     Proto *p = clLvalue(s2v(f))->getProto();
-    return p->getCode() <= ci->getSavedPC() &&
-           ci->getSavedPC() <= p->getCode() + p->getCodeSize();
+    auto codeSpan = p->getCodeSpan();
+    const Instruction* savedPC = ci->getSavedPC();
+    return codeSpan.data() <= savedPC &&
+           savedPC <= codeSpan.data() + codeSpan.size();
   }
 }
 
@@ -781,11 +782,14 @@ static int listcode (lua_State *L) {
   lua_newtable(L);
   setnameval(L, "maxstack", p->getMaxStackSize());
   setnameval(L, "numparams", p->getNumParams());
-  for (pc=0; pc<p->getCodeSize(); pc++) {
+  pc = 0;
+  for (const auto& instr : p->getCodeSpan()) {
+    (void)instr;  /* unused */
     char buff[100];
     lua_pushinteger(L, pc+1);
     lua_pushstring(L, buildop(p, pc, buff));
     lua_settable(L, -3);
+    pc++;
   }
   return 1;
 }
@@ -799,9 +803,12 @@ static int printcode (lua_State *L) {
   p = getproto(obj_at(L, 1));
   printf("maxstack: %d\n", p->getMaxStackSize());
   printf("numparams: %d\n", p->getNumParams());
-  for (pc=0; pc<p->getCodeSize(); pc++) {
+  pc = 0;
+  for (const auto& instr : p->getCodeSpan()) {
+    (void)instr;  /* unused */
     char buff[100];
     printf("%s\n", buildop(p, pc, buff));
+    pc++;
   }
   return 0;
 }
@@ -813,10 +820,13 @@ static int listk (lua_State *L) {
   luaL_argcheck(L, lua_isfunction(L, 1) && !lua_iscfunction(L, 1),
                  1, "Lua function expected");
   p = getproto(obj_at(L, 1));
-  lua_createtable(L, p->getConstantsSize(), 0);
-  for (i=0; i<p->getConstantsSize(); i++) {
-    pushobject(L, p->getConstants()+i);
+  auto constantsSpan = p->getConstantsSpan();
+  lua_createtable(L, static_cast<int>(constantsSpan.size()), 0);
+  i = 0;
+  for (const auto& constant : constantsSpan) {
+    pushobject(L, &constant);
     lua_rawseti(L, -2, i+1);
+    i++;
   }
   return 1;
 }
@@ -829,12 +839,15 @@ static int listabslineinfo (lua_State *L) {
                  1, "Lua function expected");
   p = getproto(obj_at(L, 1));
   luaL_argcheck(L, p->getAbsLineInfo() != nullptr, 1, "function has no debug info");
-  lua_createtable(L, 2 * p->getAbsLineInfoSize(), 0);
-  for (i=0; i < p->getAbsLineInfoSize(); i++) {
-    lua_pushinteger(L, p->getAbsLineInfo()[i].getPC());
+  auto absLineInfoSpan = p->getDebugInfo().getAbsLineInfoSpan();
+  lua_createtable(L, 2 * static_cast<int>(absLineInfoSpan.size()), 0);
+  i = 0;
+  for (const auto& absline : absLineInfoSpan) {
+    lua_pushinteger(L, absline.getPC());
     lua_rawseti(L, -2, 2 * i + 1);
-    lua_pushinteger(L, p->getAbsLineInfo()[i].getLine());
+    lua_pushinteger(L, absline.getLine());
     lua_rawseti(L, -2, 2 * i + 2);
+    i++;
   }
   return 1;
 }
diff --git a/src/vm/lvm.cpp b/src/vm/lvm.cpp
index 585d02d0..69ee8679 100644
--- a/src/vm/lvm.cpp
+++ b/src/vm/lvm.cpp
@@ -135,18 +135,19 @@ inline constexpr int MAXTAGLOOP = 2000;
 ** its upvalues.
 */
 void lua_State::pushClosure(Proto *p, UpVal **encup, StkId base, StkId ra) {
-  int nup = p->getUpvaluesSize();
-  Upvaldesc *uv = p->getUpvalues();
-  int i;
+  auto upvaluesSpan = p->getUpvaluesSpan();
+  int nup = static_cast<int>(upvaluesSpan.size());
+  int i = 0;
   LClosure *ncl = LClosure::create(this, nup);
   ncl->setProto(p);
   setclLvalue2s(this, ra, ncl);  /* anchor new closure in stack */
-  for (i = 0; i < nup; i++) {  /* fill in its upvalues */
-    if (uv[i].isInStack())  /* upvalue refers to local variable? */
-      ncl->setUpval(i, luaF_findupval(this, base + uv[i].getIndex()));
+  for (const auto& uv : upvaluesSpan) {  /* fill in its upvalues */
+    if (uv.isInStack())  /* upvalue refers to local variable? */
+      ncl->setUpval(i, luaF_findupval(this, base + uv.getIndex()));
     else  /* get upvalue from enclosing function */
-      ncl->setUpval(i, encup[uv[i].getIndex()]);
+      ncl->setUpval(i, encup[uv.getIndex()]);
     luaC_objbarrier(this, ncl, ncl->getUpval(i));
+    i++;
   }
 }