Refactor MetadataService to use an injected logger

[MasterKale]

Describe the issue

I haven't been all that satisfied with how MetadataService handles logging, so it's been a no-op for over two years now:

SimpleWebAuthn/packages/server/src/helpers/logging.ts

Lines 17 to 20 in 78ad52f

	export function getLogger(_name: string): (message: string, ..._rest: unknown[]) => void {
	// This is a noop for now while I search for a better debug logger technique
	return (_message, ..._rest) => {};
	}

I researched alternative solutions and landed on a solution: update MetadataService.initialize() to accept a new "Logger" object that allows the project using SimpleWebAuthn to capture logs appropriate to its setup, without having to accommodate any library-specific solution.

The interface would look something like this:

interface Logger {
  debug:   (message: string, ...args: unknown[]) => void;
  info:    (message: string, ...args: unknown[]) => void;
  warning: (message: string, ...args: unknown[]) => void;
  error:   (message: string, ...args: unknown[]) => void;
}