diff --git a/Birthday Paradox (by AdyaTech)/Day 2 - Birthday Paradox/birthdayparadox.py b/Birthday Paradox (by AdyaTech)/Day 2 - Birthday Paradox/birthdayparadox.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2ecf9e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Birthday Paradox (by AdyaTech)/Day 2 - Birthday Paradox/birthdayparadox.py @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +import datetime, random + + +def getBirthdays(numberOfBirthdays): + """Returns a list of number random date objects for birthdays.""" + birthdays = [] + for i in range(numberOfBirthdays): + # The year is unimportant for our simulation, as long as all + # birthdays have the same year. + startOfYear = datetime.date(2001, 1, 1) + + # Get a random day into the year: + randomNumberOfDays = datetime.timedelta(random.randint(0, 364)) + birthday = startOfYear + randomNumberOfDays + birthdays.append(birthday) + return birthdays + + +def getMatch(birthdays): + """Returns the date object of a birthday that occurs more than once + in the birthdays list.""" + if len(birthdays) == len(set(birthdays)): + return None # All birthdays are unique, so return None. + + # Compare each birthday to every other birthday: + for a, birthdayA in enumerate(birthdays): + for b, birthdayB in enumerate(birthdays[a + 1 :]): + if birthdayA == birthdayB: + return birthdayA # Return the matching birthday. + + +# Display the intro: +print('''Birthday Paradox, by Al Sweigart al@inventwithpython.com + +The birthday paradox shows us that in a group of N people, the odds +that two of them have matching birthdays is surprisingly large. +This program does a Monte Carlo simulation (that is, repeated random +simulations) to explore this concept. + +(It's not actually a paradox, it's just a surprising result.) +''') + +# Set up a tuple of month names in order: +MONTHS = ('Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun', + 'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sep', 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec') + +while True: # Keep asking until the user enters a valid amount. + print('How many birthdays shall I generate? (Max 100)') + response = input('> ') + if response.isdecimal() and (0 < int(response) <= 100): + numBDays = int(response) + break # User has entered a valid amount. +print() + +# Generate and display the birthdays: +print('Here are', numBDays, 'birthdays:') +birthdays = getBirthdays(numBDays) +for i, birthday in enumerate(birthdays): + if i != 0: + # Display a comma for each birthday after the first birthday. + print(', ', end='') + monthName = MONTHS[birthday.month - 1] + dateText = '{} {}'.format(monthName, birthday.day) + print(dateText, end='') +print() +print() + +# Determine if there are two birthdays that match. +match = getMatch(birthdays) + +# Display the results: +print('In this simulation, ', end='') +if match != None: + monthName = MONTHS[match.month - 1] + dateText = '{} {}'.format(monthName, match.day) + print('multiple people have a birthday on', dateText) +else: + print('there are no matching birthdays.') +print() + +# Run through 100,000 simulations: +print('Generating', numBDays, 'random birthdays 100,000 times...') +input('Press Enter to begin...') + +print('Let\'s run another 100,000 simulations.') +simMatch = 0 # How many simulations had matching birthdays in them. +for i in range(100000): + # Report on the progress every 10,000 simulations: + if i % 10000 == 0: + print(i, 'simulations run...') + birthdays = getBirthdays(numBDays) + if getMatch(birthdays) != None: + simMatch = simMatch + 1 +print('100,000 simulations run.') + +# Display simulation results: +probability = round(simMatch / 100000 * 100, 2) +print('Out of 100,000 simulations of', numBDays, 'people, there was a') +print('matching birthday in that group', simMatch, 'times. This means') +print('that', numBDays, 'people have a', probability, '% chance of') +print('having a matching birthday in their group.') +print('That\'s probably more than you would think!') diff --git a/Birthday Paradox (by AdyaTech)/Day 2 - Birthday Paradox/image.png b/Birthday Paradox (by AdyaTech)/Day 2 - Birthday Paradox/image.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..09c4b6c Binary files /dev/null and b/Birthday Paradox (by AdyaTech)/Day 2 - Birthday Paradox/image.png differ diff --git a/Birthday Paradox (by AdyaTech)/Day 2 - Birthday Paradox/video.mp4 b/Birthday Paradox (by AdyaTech)/Day 2 - Birthday Paradox/video.mp4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4250898 Binary files /dev/null and b/Birthday Paradox (by AdyaTech)/Day 2 - Birthday Paradox/video.mp4 differ diff --git a/Birthday Paradox (by AdyaTech)/birthdayparadox.py b/Birthday Paradox (by AdyaTech)/birthdayparadox.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2ecf9e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Birthday Paradox (by AdyaTech)/birthdayparadox.py @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +import datetime, random + + +def getBirthdays(numberOfBirthdays): + """Returns a list of number random date objects for birthdays.""" + birthdays = [] + for i in range(numberOfBirthdays): + # The year is unimportant for our simulation, as long as all + # birthdays have the same year. + startOfYear = datetime.date(2001, 1, 1) + + # Get a random day into the year: + randomNumberOfDays = datetime.timedelta(random.randint(0, 364)) + birthday = startOfYear + randomNumberOfDays + birthdays.append(birthday) + return birthdays + + +def getMatch(birthdays): + """Returns the date object of a birthday that occurs more than once + in the birthdays list.""" + if len(birthdays) == len(set(birthdays)): + return None # All birthdays are unique, so return None. + + # Compare each birthday to every other birthday: + for a, birthdayA in enumerate(birthdays): + for b, birthdayB in enumerate(birthdays[a + 1 :]): + if birthdayA == birthdayB: + return birthdayA # Return the matching birthday. + + +# Display the intro: +print('''Birthday Paradox, by Al Sweigart al@inventwithpython.com + +The birthday paradox shows us that in a group of N people, the odds +that two of them have matching birthdays is surprisingly large. +This program does a Monte Carlo simulation (that is, repeated random +simulations) to explore this concept. + +(It's not actually a paradox, it's just a surprising result.) +''') + +# Set up a tuple of month names in order: +MONTHS = ('Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun', + 'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sep', 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec') + +while True: # Keep asking until the user enters a valid amount. + print('How many birthdays shall I generate? (Max 100)') + response = input('> ') + if response.isdecimal() and (0 < int(response) <= 100): + numBDays = int(response) + break # User has entered a valid amount. +print() + +# Generate and display the birthdays: +print('Here are', numBDays, 'birthdays:') +birthdays = getBirthdays(numBDays) +for i, birthday in enumerate(birthdays): + if i != 0: + # Display a comma for each birthday after the first birthday. + print(', ', end='') + monthName = MONTHS[birthday.month - 1] + dateText = '{} {}'.format(monthName, birthday.day) + print(dateText, end='') +print() +print() + +# Determine if there are two birthdays that match. +match = getMatch(birthdays) + +# Display the results: +print('In this simulation, ', end='') +if match != None: + monthName = MONTHS[match.month - 1] + dateText = '{} {}'.format(monthName, match.day) + print('multiple people have a birthday on', dateText) +else: + print('there are no matching birthdays.') +print() + +# Run through 100,000 simulations: +print('Generating', numBDays, 'random birthdays 100,000 times...') +input('Press Enter to begin...') + +print('Let\'s run another 100,000 simulations.') +simMatch = 0 # How many simulations had matching birthdays in them. +for i in range(100000): + # Report on the progress every 10,000 simulations: + if i % 10000 == 0: + print(i, 'simulations run...') + birthdays = getBirthdays(numBDays) + if getMatch(birthdays) != None: + simMatch = simMatch + 1 +print('100,000 simulations run.') + +# Display simulation results: +probability = round(simMatch / 100000 * 100, 2) +print('Out of 100,000 simulations of', numBDays, 'people, there was a') +print('matching birthday in that group', simMatch, 'times. This means') +print('that', numBDays, 'people have a', probability, '% chance of') +print('having a matching birthday in their group.') +print('That\'s probably more than you would think!') diff --git a/Birthday Paradox (by AdyaTech)/image.png b/Birthday Paradox (by AdyaTech)/image.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..09c4b6c Binary files /dev/null and b/Birthday Paradox (by AdyaTech)/image.png differ diff --git a/Birthday Paradox (by AdyaTech)/video.mp4 b/Birthday Paradox (by AdyaTech)/video.mp4 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4250898 Binary files /dev/null and b/Birthday Paradox (by AdyaTech)/video.mp4 differ