Add inheritance example with Parent and Child classes demonstrating super() and method overriding

Author: AFatmaa

inheritance.py

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+class Parent:
+    def __init__(self, first_name: str, last_name: str):
+        self.first_name = first_name
+        self.last_name = last_name
+
+    def get_name(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.first_name} {self.last_name}"
+
+
+class Child(Parent):
+    def __init__(self, first_name: str, last_name: str):
+        # Call the parent class constructor
+        super().__init__(first_name, last_name)
+        self.previous_last_names = []
+
+    def change_last_name(self, last_name: str) -> None:
+        self.previous_last_names.append(self.last_name)
+        self.last_name = last_name
+
+    def get_full_name(self) -> str:
+        suffix = ""
+        if len(self.previous_last_names) > 0:
+            suffix = f" (née {self.previous_last_names[0]})"
+        return f"{self.first_name} {self.last_name}{suffix}"
+
+
+person1 = Child("Elizaveta", "Alekseeva")
+print(person1.get_name())         # from Parent class
+print(person1.get_full_name())    # from Child class
+
+person1.change_last_name("Tyurina")
+print(person1.get_name())
+print(person1.get_full_name())
+
+person2 = Parent("Elizaveta", "Alekseeva")
+print(person2.get_name())
+
+# The next lines will cause errors, because Parent doesn't have these methods
+# print(person2.get_full_name())
+# person2.change_last_name("Tyurina")
+
+print(person2.get_name())
+# print(person2.get_full_name())
+
+
+# I learned that Parent and Child classes can have different methods — Parent can’t access methods only defined in Child
+# I understood that the child class can add new methods or override existing ones
+